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494 relations: Abe Fortas, Abortion, Abortion-rights movements, Abrams v. United States, ACLU of Massachusetts, Adele, Affirmative action, Afghanistan, African Americans, Alabama, Alaska, Albert DeSilver, Allen Ginsberg, American Bar Association, American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey, American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft, American Civil Liberties Union v. National Security Agency, American Civil Rights Union, American Jewish Congress, American League Against War and Fascism, American Legion, American Violet, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Amicus curiae, Anthony D. Romero, Anti-abortion movements, Anti-communism, Anti-Defamation League, Anti-war movement, Anwar al-Awlaki, Arizona, Arkansas, Ars Technica, Arthur Garfield Hays, Aryeh Neier, Ashcroft v. al-Kidd, Associated Press, AT&T, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Beat Generation, Benjamin Gitlow, Benjamin Spock, Better Business Bureau, Betts v. Brady, Bill Donohue, Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, Birmingham campaign, Birth control, Blacklisting, Bond v. Floyd, ..., Boy Scouts of America, Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, Brandenburg v. Ohio, Brief (law), British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, Brown v. Board of Education, California, California Proposition 8 (2008), CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, Canadian Civil Liberties Association, Cantwell v. Connecticut, Censorship, Censorship in the United States, Center for Democracy and Technology, Charitable organization, Charity Navigator, Charles Antone Horsky, Charles Morgan Jr., Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame, Child pornography, Chilling effect, Chris Sacca, Citizens United v. FEC, Civil libertarianism, Civil liberties, Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Award Act of 1976, Civil rights movement, Clarence Darrow, Cohen v. California, Cold War, Collins v. United States, Colorado, Combined Federal Campaign, Communications Decency Act, Communism, Communist Party USA, Comstock laws, Condom, Connecticut, Conscientious objector, Conscription, Contempt of Congress, Contras, Coram nobis, Corliss Lamont, Creationism, Cruel and unusual punishment, Crystal Eastman, Curley v. NAMBLA, Data & Marketing Association, David Weigel, Davidson County, Tennessee, De Jonge v. Oregon, Debs v. United States, Delaware, Dennis v. United States, Dick Gregory, Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era, District of Columbia v. Heller, Doe v. Bolton, Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003, Don't ask, don't tell, Don't Filter Me, Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016, Dover Area School District, Dover, Pennsylvania, Draft evasion, Due process, Due Process Clause, Edward R. Murrow, Eleanor Roosevelt, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Engel v. Vitale, Equal Protection Clause, Equal Rights Amendment, Escobedo v. Illinois, Establishment Clause, Eugene V. Debs, Everson v. Board of Education, Evolution, Ex parte Endo, Executive Order 13769, Executive Order 9066, Executive Order 9835, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, Federal judiciary of the United States, Feiner v. New York, Felix Frankfurter, Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, First Amendment to the United States Constitution, First inauguration of Ronald Reagan, Flag Day (United States), Flags of the Confederate States of America, Florida, Ford Foundation, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fox News, Frank Collin, Frank Murphy, Frank Porter Graham, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fred Korematsu, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Freedom of religion, Freedom of speech, Freedom Riders, Freedom Summer, From Here to Eternity (novel), Frontiero v. 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Industrial Commission of Ohio, NAACP, Nashville, Tennessee, Nathan Ross Margold, Nation of Islam, National Center for Lesbian Rights, National Civic Federation, National Civil Liberties Bureau, National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, National Labor Relations Act of 1935, National Labor Relations Board, National Organization for Women, National Recovery Administration, National Rifle Association, National security letter, Native American civil rights, Naturalization, Nazi concentration camps, Nazism, Near v. Minnesota, Nebraska, Neo-Nazism, Nevada, New Deal, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York (state), New York City, New York Civil Liberties Union, New York Daily News, New York Times Co. v. United States, New York v. Ferber, Nicholas Merrill, Nonpartisanism, Nonprofit organization, Norman Thomas, Norris–La Guardia Act, North American Man/Boy Love Association, North Carolina, North Dakota, NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007), O'Connor v. Donaldson, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oliver North, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Opt-out, Oregon, Original intent, Osmond Fraenkel, Parwan Detention Facility, Patrick Murphy Malin, Patriot Act, Paul Robeson, Pennsylvania, Pentagon Papers, People for the American Way, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Poe v. Ullman, Police misconduct, Political freedom, Powell v. Alabama, Presidency of Ronald Reagan, Prior restraint, Prison Litigation Reform Act, Prisoners' rights, Privacy laws of the United States, Puerto Rico, Racism, Raymond L. Wise, Reed v. Reed, Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Renunciation Act of 1944, Reproductive rights, Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act, Reynolds v. Sims, Rhode Island, Richard Nixon, Robert F. Wagner, Robertson County, Texas, Rochin v. California, Rockefeller Foundation, Rockwell Kent, Roe v. Wade, Roger Nash Baldwin, Ronald Reagan, Rosie O'Donnell, Roth v. United States, Ruiz v. Estelle, Rush Limbaugh, Same-sex marriage, Same-sex marriage in the United States, Samuel Roth, Schenck v. United States, School Prayer Amendment, Scopes Trial, Second Amendment Foundation, Self-incrimination, Separate but equal, Separation of church and state, September 11 attacks, Sex education, Shelley v. Kraemer, Shirley Phelps-Roper, Shooting of Jocques Clemmons, Sia (musician), Sit-in, Sit-in movement, Skokie, Illinois, Smith Act, Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders, Socialist Party USA, South Carolina, South Dakota, Southern Poverty Law Center, Spamming, Special Forces (United States Army), Speiser v. Randall, State school, State secrets privilege, Street v. New York, Stromberg v. California, Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses by country, Supreme Court of California, Supreme Court of the United States, Susan N. Herman, Targeted killing, Taylor v. Louisiana, Telephone tapping, Ten Commandments, Tennessee, Terrorism, Texas, The American Mercury, The New York Times, The switch in time that saved nine, The Washington Post, Thurgood Marshall, Time (magazine), Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, Totalitarianism, Tropic of Cancer (novel), Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument, Ulysses (novel), Unite the Right rally, United States Armed Forces, United States Bill of Rights, United States Congress, United States Constitution, United States elections, 2016, United States House of Representatives, United States presidential election, 1988, United States v. Carolene Products Co., United States v. O'Brien, United States v. One Book Called Ulysses, United States v. Vuitch, University of North Carolina, Upton Sinclair, Utah, Verizon Communications, Vermont, Veterans' Memorials, Boy Scouts, Public Seals, and Other Public Expressions of Religion Protection Act of 2006, Vice President of the United States, Vietnam War, Virginia, Walter Herries Pollock, Walter Nelles, Walter P. Reuther Library, Washington (state), Washington, D.C., Watergate scandal, Watkins v. United States, Wayne M. Collins, Wendy Kaminer, West Virginia, West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, Westboro Baptist Church, Whitus v. Georgia, Wickersham Commission, Wiley Blount Rutledge, William Jennings Bryan, William O. Douglas, William Perl, William Worthy, Wisconsin, World War I, World War II, Wyoming, Yasui v. United States, Yates v. United States, 2 New York Plaza, 501(c) organization, 501(c)(3) organization. Expand index (444 more) »
Abe Fortas
Abraham "Abe" Fortas (June 19, 1910 – April 5, 1982) was a U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice from 1965 to 1969.
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Abortion
Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.
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Abortion-rights movements
Abortion-rights movements, also referred to as pro-choice movements, advocate for legal access to induced abortion services.
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Abrams v. United States
Abrams v. United States,, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States upholding the 1918 Amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917, which made it a criminal offense to urge curtailment of production of the materials necessary to the war against Germany with intent to hinder the progress of the war.
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ACLU of Massachusetts
The American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts (ACLUM) (established 1920) is a civil rights organization in the United States, and it is the Massachusetts affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union.
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Adele
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988) is an English singer and songwriter.
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Affirmative action
Affirmative action, also known as reservation in India and Nepal, positive action in the UK, and employment equity (in a narrower context) in Canada and South Africa, is the policy of protecting members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
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African Americans
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.
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Alabama
Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Alaska
Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.
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Albert DeSilver
Albert DeSilver (August 27, 1888 – December 7, 1924) was a founding member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
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Allen Ginsberg
Irwin Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet, philosopher, writer, and activist.
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American Bar Association
The American Bar Association (ABA), founded August 21, 1878, is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States.
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American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey
The American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey (ACLU-NJ) is a nonpartisan, not-for-profit civil rights organization in Newark, New Jersey, and an affiliate of the national American Civil Liberties Union.
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American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft
American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (filed April 9, 2004 in the United States) is a lawsuit filed on behalf of a formerly unknown Internet Service Provider (ISP) owner by the American Civil Liberties Union against the U.S. federal government.
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American Civil Liberties Union v. National Security Agency
American Civil Liberties Union v. National Security Agency, 493 F.3d 644 (6th Cir. 2007), is a case decided July 6, 2007, in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that the plaintiffs in the case did not have standing to bring the suit against the National Security Agency (NSA), because they could not present evidence that they were the targets of the so-called "Terrorist Surveillance Program" (TSP).
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American Civil Rights Union
The American Civil Rights Union (ACRU) is an American legal organization founded by former Reagan Administration official Robert B. Carleson in 1998.
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American Jewish Congress
The American Jewish Congress is as an association of Jewish Americans organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy, using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts.
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American League Against War and Fascism
The American League Against War and Fascism was an organization formed in 1933 by the Communist Party USA and pacifists united by their concern as Nazism and Fascism rose in Europe.
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American Legion
The American Legion is a U.S. war veterans organization headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.
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American Violet
American Violet is a 2008 drama film directed by Tim Disney and starring Nicole Beharie.
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Americans United for Separation of Church and State
Americans United for Separation of Church and State (Americans United or AU for short) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that advocates separation of church and state, a legal doctrine set forth in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which says "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.".
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Amicus curiae
An amicus curiae (literally, "friend of the court"; plural, amici curiae) is someone who is not a party to a case and may or may not have been solicited by a party, who assists a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case, and is typically presented in the form of a brief.
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Anthony D. Romero
Anthony D. Romero is the executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
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Anti-abortion movements
Anti-abortion movements, also referred to as pro-life movements, are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality.
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Anti-communism
Anti-communism is opposition to communism.
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Anti-Defamation League
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL; formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith) is an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States.
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Anti-war movement
An anti-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause.
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Anwar al-Awlaki
Anwar al-Awlaki (also spelled al-Aulaqi, al-Awlaqi; أنور العولقي Anwar al-‘Awlaqī; April 21, 1971 – September 30, 2011) was a Yemeni-American Islamist militiant, preacher, and imam.
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Arizona
Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.
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Arkansas
Arkansas is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017.
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Ars Technica
Ars Technica (a Latin-derived term that the site translates as the "art of technology") is a website covering news and opinions in technology, science, politics, and society, created by Ken Fisher and Jon Stokes in 1998.
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Arthur Garfield Hays
Arthur Garfield Hays (December 12, 1881 – December 14, 1954) was an American lawyer and champion of civil liberties issues, best known as a co-founder and general counsel of the American Civil Liberties Union and for participating in notable cases including the Sacco and Vanzetti trial.
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Aryeh Neier
Aryeh Neier (born April 22, 1937) is an American human rights activist who co-founded Human Rights Watch, served as the president of George Soros's Open Society Institute philanthropy network from 1993 to 2012, had been National Director of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1970 to 1978, and he was also involved with the creation of the group SDS by being directly involved in the group SLID's renaming.
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Ashcroft v. al-Kidd
Ashcroft v. al-Kidd, 563 U.S. 731 (2011),.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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AT&T
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas.
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Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.
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Beat Generation
The Beat Generation was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-World War II era.
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Benjamin Gitlow
Benjamin "Ben" Gitlow (December 22, 1891 – July 19, 1965) was a prominent American socialist politician of the early 20th century and a founding member of the Communist Party USA.
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Benjamin Spock
Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care (1946) is one of the best-sellers of all time.
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Better Business Bureau
The Better Business Bureau (BBB), founded in 1912, is an organization focused on advancing marketplace trust, consisting of 106 independently incorporated local BBB organizations in the United States and Canada, coordinated under the Council of Better Business Bureaus (CBBB) in Arlington, Virginia.
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Betts v. Brady
Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 (1942), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that denied counsel to indigent defendants when prosecuted by a state.
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Bill Donohue
William Anthony "Bill" Donohue (born July 18, 1947) is an American sociologist and civil activist.
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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA, McCain–Feingold Act) is a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns.
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Birmingham campaign
The Birmingham campaign, or Birmingham movement, was a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama.
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Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.
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Blacklisting
Blacklisting is the action of a group or authority, compiling a blacklist (or black list) of people, countries or other entities to be avoided or distrusted as not being acceptable to those making the list.
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Bond v. Floyd
Bond v. Floyd,, was a United States Supreme Court case.
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Boy Scouts of America
The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations in the United States of America and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers.
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Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
Boy Scouts of America et al.
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Brandenburg v. Ohio
Brandenburg v. Ohio,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case based on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
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Brief (law)
A brief (Old French from Latin "brevis", short) is a written legal document used in various legal adversarial systems that is presented to a court arguing why one party to a particular case should prevail.
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British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association (BCCLA) is an autonomous, non-partisan charitable society that seeks to "promote, defend, sustain, and extend civil liberties and human rights." It works towards achieving this purpose through litigation, lobbying, complaint assistance, events, social media, and publications.
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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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California Proposition 8 (2008)
Proposition 8, known informally as Prop 8, was a California ballot proposition and a state constitutional amendment passed in the November 2008 California state elections.
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CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography And Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act of 2003, signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 16, 2003, established the United States' first national standards for the sending of commercial e-mail and requires the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce its provisions.
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Canadian Civil Liberties Association
The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA; Association Canadienne des Libertés Civiles) is a nonprofit organization in Canada devoted to the defence of civil liberties and constitutional rights.
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Cantwell v. Connecticut
Cantwell v. Connecticut,, is a decision by United States Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment's federal protection of religious free exercise incorporates via the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applies to state governments too.
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Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.
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Censorship in the United States
Censorship in the United States involves the suppression of speech or public communication and raises issues of freedom of speech, which is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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Center for Democracy and Technology
Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT) is a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization whose mission is to strengthen individual rights and freedoms by defining, promoting, and influencing technology policy and the architecture of the Internet.
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Charitable organization
A charitable organization or charity is a non-profit organization (NPO) whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. charitable, educational, religious, or other activities serving the public interest or common good).
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Charity Navigator
Charity Navigator is an American independent charity watchdog organization that evaluates charitable organizations in the United States.
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Charles Antone Horsky
Charles Antone Horsky (March 22, 1910 – August 20, 1997) served as the Advisor on National Capital affairs under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, and was a partner at the law firm of Covington & Burling for nearly forty years.
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Charles Morgan Jr.
Charles "Chuck" Morgan Jr. (March 11, 1930 – January 8, 2009) was an American civil rights attorney from Alabama who played a key role in establishing the principle of "one man, one vote" in the Supreme Court of the United States decision in the 1964 case Reynolds v. Sims and represented Julian Bond and Muhammad Ali in their legal battles.
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Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame
The Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame (formerly Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame) is an institution founded in 1991 to honor persons and entities who have made significant contributions to the quality of life or well-being of the LGBT community in Chicago.
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Child pornography
Child pornography is pornography that exploits children for sexual stimulation.
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Chilling effect
In a legal context, a chilling effect is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of natural and legal rights by the threat of legal sanction.
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Chris Sacca
Christopher Sacca (born May 12, 1975) is an American venture investor, company advisor, entrepreneur, and lawyer.
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Citizens United v. FEC
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission,, is a landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations.
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Civil libertarianism
Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or which emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority (such as a state, a corporation, social norms imposed through peer pressure and so on).
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Civil liberties
Civil liberties or personal freedoms are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process.
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Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Award Act of 1976
The Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Award Act of 1976 is a law of the United States.
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Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.
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Clarence Darrow
Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform.
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Cohen v. California
Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Collins v. United States
Collins v. United States is a class-action lawsuit filed on November 10, 2010, against the United States in the United States Court of Federal Claims that ended in a settlement on January 7, 2013.
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Colorado
Colorado is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.
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Combined Federal Campaign
The Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) is the workplace giving program of the federal government of the United States.
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Communications Decency Act
The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) was the first notable attempt by the United States Congress to regulate pornographic material on the Internet.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Communist Party USA
The Communist Party USA (CPUSA) is a communist political party in the United States established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America.
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Comstock laws
The Comstock Laws were a set of federal acts passed by the United States Congress under the Grant administration along with related state laws.
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Condom
A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device, used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
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Connecticut
Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.
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Conscription
Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.
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Contempt of Congress
Contempt of Congress is the act of obstructing the work of the United States Congress or one of its committees.
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Contras
The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to the early 1990s in opposition to the socialist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua.
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Coram nobis
The writ of coram nobis (also known as writ of error coram nobis, writ of coram vobis, or writ of error coram vobis) is a legal order allowing a court to correct its original judgment upon discovery of a fundamental error which did not appear in the records of the original judgment’s proceedings and would have prevented the judgment from being pronounced.
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Corliss Lamont
Corliss Lamont (March 28, 1902 – April 26, 1995) was an American socialist philosopher and advocate of various left-wing and civil liberties causes.
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Creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation",Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'" as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.
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Cruel and unusual punishment
Cruel and unusual punishment is a phrase describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to it.
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Crystal Eastman
Crystal Catherine Eastman (June 25, 1881 – July 8, 1928) was an American lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist.
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Curley v. NAMBLA
Curley v. NAMBLA was a wrongful death lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts in 2000, by Barbara and Robert Curley against the North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA), saying the organization had incited the men who kidnapped and murdered their young son.
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Data & Marketing Association
The Data & Marketing Association (formerly, Direct Marketing Association), also known as the DMA, is a trade organization for marketers which seeks to advance and protect responsible data-driven marketing.
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David Weigel
David "Dave" Weigel (born September 26, 1981) is an American journalist.
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Davidson County, Tennessee
Davidson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee.
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De Jonge v. Oregon
De Jonge v. Oregon, 299 U.S. 353 (1937), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause applies to freedom of assembly.
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Debs v. United States
Debs v. United States, was a United States Supreme Court decision, relevant for US labor law and constitutional law, that upheld the Espionage Act of 1917.
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Delaware
Delaware is one of the 50 states of the United States, in the Mid-Atlantic or Northeastern region.
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Dennis v. United States
Dennis v. United States,, was a United States Supreme Court case relating to Eugene Dennis, General Secretary of the Communist Party USA.
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Dick Gregory
Richard Claxton Gregory (October 12, 1932 – August 19, 2017) was an African-American comedian, civil rights activist, social critic, writer, entrepreneur, conspiracy theorist,, NPR, July 12, 2005.
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Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era
Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era in the United States of America was based on a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices in the South that were deliberately used to prevent black citizens from registering to vote and voting.
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District of Columbia v. Heller
District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008), is a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home, and that Washington, D.C.'s handgun ban and requirement that lawfully-owned rifles and shotguns be kept "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock" violated this guarantee.
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Doe v. Bolton
Doe v. Bolton,, was a decision of the United States Supreme Court overturning the abortion law of Georgia.
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Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003
The Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003 was draft legislation written by United States Department of Justice during the George W. Bush administration, under the tenure of United States Attorney General John Ashcroft.
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Don't ask, don't tell
"Don't ask, don't tell" (DADT) was the official United States policy on military service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians, instituted by the Clinton Administration on February 28, 1994, when Department of Defense Directive 1304.26 issued on December 21, 1993, took effect, lasting until September 20, 2011.
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Don't Filter Me
Don't Filter Me is a project of the American Civil Liberties Union dedicated to fighting LGBT-related internet censorship that happens in public schools in the United States.
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Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016
The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.
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Dover Area School District
The Dover Area School District is a midsized, rural, public school district located in Dover, York County, Pennsylvania.
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Dover, Pennsylvania
Dover is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Draft evasion
Draft evasion is any successful attempt to elude a government-imposed obligation to serve in the military forces of one's nation.
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Due process
Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.
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Due Process Clause
The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution each contain a due process clause.
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Edward R. Murrow
Edward R. Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent.
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Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat and activist.
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Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California.
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Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (August 7, 1890 – September 5, 1964) was a labor leader, activist, and feminist who played a leading role in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
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Engel v. Vitale
Engel v. Vitale,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
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Equal Protection Clause
The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters.
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Escobedo v. Illinois
Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.
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Establishment Clause
In United States law, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion.
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Eugene V. Debs
Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American democratic socialist political activist and trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.
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Everson v. Board of Education
Everson v. Board of Education, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which applied the Establishment Clause in the country's Bill of Rights to State law.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Ex parte Endo
Ex parte Endo, or Ex parte Mitsuye Endo, 323 U.S. 283 (1944),.
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Executive Order 13769
Executive Order 13769, titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, often referred to as the Muslim ban, BBC or the travel ban, was an executive order issued by United States President Donald Trump.
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Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942.
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Executive Order 9835
President Harry S. Truman signed United States Executive Order 9835, sometimes known as the "Loyalty Order", on March 21, 1947.
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Fair Credit Reporting Act
The Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1681 (“FCRA”) is U.S. Federal Government legislation enacted to promote the accuracy, fairness, and privacy of consumer information contained in the files of consumer reporting agencies.
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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA or the Buckley Amendment) is a United States federal law that governs the access of educational information and records to public entities such as potential employers, publicly funded educational institutions, and foreign governments.
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Federal judiciary of the United States
The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.
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Feiner v. New York
Feiner v. New York, 340 U.S. 315 (1951), was a United States Supreme Court case involving Irving Feiner's arrest for a violation of section 722 of the New York Penal Code, "inciting a breach of the peace," as he addressed a crowd on a street.
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Felix Frankfurter
Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882February 22, 1965) was an American lawyer, professor, and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
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Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and, among other things, protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases.
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First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances.
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First inauguration of Ronald Reagan
The first inauguration of Ronald Reagan as the 40th President of the United States was held on Tuesday, January 20, 1981, on the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C..
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Flag Day (United States)
In the United States, Flag Day is celebrated on June 14.
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Flags of the Confederate States of America
Three successive designs served as the official national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Confederate States" or the "Confederacy") during its existence from 1861 to 1865.
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Florida
Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.
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Ford Foundation
The Ford Foundation is a New York-headquartered, globally oriented private foundation with the mission of advancing human welfare.
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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.
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Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights that prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.
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Fox News
Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.
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Frank Collin
Francis Joseph "Frank" Collin (born November 3, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American former political activist and Midwest coordinator with the National Socialist White People's Party.
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Frank Murphy
William Francis "Frank" Murphy (April 13, 1890July 19, 1949) was a Democratic politician and jurist from Michigan.
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Frank Porter Graham
Frank Porter Graham (October 14, 1886 – February 16, 1972) was an American educator and political activist.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.
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Fred Korematsu
was an American civil rights activist who objected to the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
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Freedom of Information Act (United States)
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA),, is a federal freedom of information law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government.
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Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance without government influence or intervention.
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Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.
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Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.
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Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.
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From Here to Eternity (novel)
From Here to Eternity is the debut novel of American author James Jones, published by Scribner's in 1951.
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Frontiero v. Richardson
Frontiero v. Richardson,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the United States military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.
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Gag order
A gag order (also known as a gagging order or suppression order) is an order, typically a legal order by a court or government, restricting information or comment from being made public or passed onto any unauthorized third party.
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Gag rule
A gag rule is a rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration, or discussion of a particular topic by members of a legislative or decision-making body.
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Garland Fund
The American Fund for Public Service, commonly known as the Garland Fund, was a philanthropic organization established in 1922 by Charles Garland, the son of a Wall Street stockbroker named James A Garland Jr.
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George Lincoln Rockwell
George Lincoln Rockwell (March 9, 1918 – August 25, 1967) was an American neo-Nazi and the founder of the American Nazi Party.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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George Wallace
George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987.
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Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.
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Georgia House of Representatives
The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia.
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Gideon v. Wainwright
Gideon v. Wainwright,, is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history.
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Gitlow v. New York
Gitlow v. New York,, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution had extended the reach of certain limitations on federal government authority set forth in the First Amendment—specifically the provisions protecting freedom of speech and freedom of the press—to the governments of the individual states.
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Google Images
Google Images is a search service owned by Google that allows users to search the Web for image content.
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Gordon Hirabayashi
was an American sociologist, best known for his principled resistance to the Japanese American internment during World War II, and the court case which bears his name, Hirabayashi v. United States.
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Goss v. Lopez
Goss v. Lopez,, was a US Supreme Court case.
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Governor of Massachusetts
The Governor of Massachusetts is the head of the executive branch of the Government of Massachusetts and serves as commander-in-chief of the Commonwealth's military forces.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Greensboro sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960,, history, Retrieved February 25, 2015 which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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Gregory v. City of Chicago
Gregory v. Chicago, 394 U.S. 111 (1969), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court overturned the disorderly conduct charges against Dick Gregory and others for peaceful demonstrations in Chicago.
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Griswold v. Connecticut
Griswold v. Connecticut,, is a landmark case in the United States about access to contraception.
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Gun politics in the United States
Gun politics is an area of American politics defined by two opposing groups advocating for tighter gun control on the one hand and gun rights on the other.
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H. L. Mencken
Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English.
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Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization
Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization,, is a US labor law case decided by the United States Supreme Court.
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Harlan F. Stone
Harlan Fiske Stone (October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946) was an American political figure, lawyer, and jurist.
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Harold L. Ickes
Harold LeClair Ickes (March 15, 1874 – February 3, 1952) was an American administrator and politician.
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Harriet Pilpel
Harriet Fleischl Pilpel (December 2, 1911 – April 23, 1991) was an American attorney and women's rights activist.
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Harry Bridges
Harry Bridges (July 28, 1901 – March 30, 1990) was an Australian-born American union leader, first with the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA). In 1937, he led several chapters in forming a new union, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), expanding members to workers in warehouses, and led it for the next 40 years. He was prosecuted for his labor organizing and believed subversive status by the U.S. government during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, with the goal of deportation. This was never achieved. Bridges became a naturalized citizen in 1945. His conviction by a federal jury for having lied about his Communist Party membership when seeking naturalization was overturned by the Supreme Court in 1953 as having been prosecuted untimely, outside the statute of limitations. His official power was reduced when the ILWU was expelled by the CIO in 1950, but he continued to be re-elected by the California membership and was highly influential until his retirement in 1977.
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Harry F. Ward
Harry Frederick Ward Jr. (1873–1966) was an English-born American Methodist minister and political activist who identified himself with the movement for Christian socialism.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Hawaii
Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.
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Hayden C. Covington
Hayden Cooper Covington (January 19, 1911 – November 21, 1978) was legal counsel for the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in the mid-20th century.
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Hearne, Texas
Hearne is a city in Robertson County, Texas, United States.
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Helen Keller
Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and lecturer.
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Henderson v. United States (1950)
Henderson v. United States, 339 U.S. 816 (1950), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States that abolished segregation in railroad dining cars with an 8-0 ruling.
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Henry Ford
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
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Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.
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Hirabayashi v. United States
Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1943), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the application of curfews against members of a minority group were constitutional when the nation was at war with the country from which that group originated.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Hodgson v. Minnesota
Hodgson v. Minnesota,, was a United States Supreme Court abortion rights case that dealt with whether a state law may require notification of both parents before a minor can obtain an abortion.
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Hollywood blacklist
The Hollywood blacklist - as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known - was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies.
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Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
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House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, or House Committee on Un-American Activities, or HCUA) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.
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Howl
"Howl", also known as "Howl for Carl Solomon", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems.
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Hugo Black
Hugo Lafayette Black (February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971) was an American politician and jurist who served in the United States Senate from 1927 to 1937, and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1937 to 1971.
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Idaho
Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States.
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Illinois
Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
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In re Gault
In re Gault,, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that held that juveniles accused of crimes in a delinquency proceeding must be afforded many of the same due process rights as adults, such as the right to timely notification of the charges, the right to confront witnesses, the right against self-incrimination, and the right to counsel.
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In re Marriage Cases
In re Marriage Cases, 183 P.3d 384 (Cal. 2008) was a California Supreme Court case where the court held that laws treating classes of persons differently based on sexual orientation should be subject to strict judicial scrutiny, and that an existing statute and initiative measure limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples violate the rights of same-sex couples under the California Constitution and may not be used to preclude them from marrying.
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Inappropriateness
Inappropriateness refers to standards or ethics that are typically viewed as being negative in society.
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Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Incorporation, in United States law, is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states.
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Indian Reorganization Act
The Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934, or the Wheeler-Howard Act, was U.S. federal legislation that dealt with the status of Native Americans (known in law as American Indians or Indians).
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Indiana
Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.
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Industrial Workers of the World
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international labor union that was founded in 1905 in Chicago, Illinois in the United States of America.
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Institute for Justice
The Institute for Justice (IJ) is a non-profit libertarian public interest law firm in the United States.
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Intelligent design
Intelligent design (ID) is a religious argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins",Numbers 2006, p. 373; " captured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being.
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International Labor Defense
The International Labor Defense (ILD) (1925–1946) was a legal advocacy organization established in 1925 in the United States as the American section of the Comintern's International Red Aid network.
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Internet censorship
Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative.
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Internet service provider
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
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Internment of Japanese Americans
The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the western interior of the country of between 110,000 and 120,000Various primary and secondary sources list counts between persons.
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Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage is a form of marriage outside a specific social group (exogamy) involving spouses who belong to different socially-defined races or racialized ethnicities.
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Iowa
Iowa is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers to the west.
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Ira Glasser
Ira Saul Glasser (born 1938) was the fifth executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) from 1978 to 2001.
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Iran–Contra affair
The Iran–Contra affair (ماجرای ایران-کنترا, caso Irán-Contra), also referred to as Irangate, Contragate or the Iran–Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration.
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Islam in the United States
Islam is the third largest religion in the United States after Christianity and Judaism.
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Issei
is a Japanese-language term used by ethnic Japanese in countries in North America and South America to specify the Japanese people who were the first generation to immigrate there.
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James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet.
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James Lawrence Fly
James Lawrence "Larry" Fly (February 22, 1898 – January 6, 1966) was an American lawyer, famous as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission and, later, director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
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James Meredith
James Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is a Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran.
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Jane Addams
Jane Addams (September 8, 1860May 21, 1935), known as the "mother" of social work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, public administrator, protestor, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace.
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Japanese Americans
are Americans who are fully or partially of Japanese descent, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.
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Jean Muir (actress)
Jean Muir (February 13, 1911 – July 23, 1996) was an American stage and film actress and educator.
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Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity.
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Jewish Defense League
The Jewish Defense League (JDL) is a Jewish far-right religious-political organization in the United States, whose stated goal is to "protect Jews from antisemitism by whatever means necessary".
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John Ashcroft
John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) is an American lawyer and former politician who served as the 79th U.S. Attorney General (2001–2005), in the George W. Bush Administration.
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John E. Jones III
John Edward Jones III (born June 13, 1955) is an American lawyer and jurist from Pennsylvania.
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John Haynes Holmes
John Haynes Holmes (November 29, 1879 – April 3, 1964) was a prominent Unitarian minister, pacifist, and co-founder of the NAACP and the ACLU.
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John Legend
John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), known professionally as John Legend, is an American singer, songwriter and actor.
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John T. Scopes
John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools.
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Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
Joseph Burstyn, Inc.
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Joseph McCarthy
Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.
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Joyce Patricia Brown
Joyce Patricia Brown (perhaps better known as Billie Boggs) was a homeless person who defeated New York City's efforts to force her into a psychiatric treatment program.
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Judd Apatow
Judd Apatow (born December 6, 1967) is an American producer, writer, director, actor and stand-up comedian.
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Judicial activism
Judicial activism refers to judicial rulings that are suspected of being based on personal opinion, rather than on existing law.
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Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937
The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 (frequently called the "court-packing plan")Epstein, at 451.
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Julian Bond
Horace Julian Bond (January 14, 1940 – August 15, 2015) was an American social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor and writer.
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were United States citizens who spied for the Soviet Union and were tried, convicted, and executed by the Federal government of the United States.
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Kansas
Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.
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Kent State shootings
The Kent State shootings (also known as the May 4 massacre or the Kent State massacre)"These would be the first of many probes into what soon became known as the Kent State Massacre.
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Kentucky
Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.
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King v. Smith
King v. Smith,, was a decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) could not be withheld because of the presence of a "substitute father" who visited a family on weekends.
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Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, 400 F. Supp. 2d 707 (M.D. Pa. 2005) was the first direct challenge brought in the United States federal courts testing a public school district policy that required the teaching of intelligent design.
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Korematsu v. United States
Korematsu v. United States,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.
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Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan, commonly called the KKK or simply the Klan, refers to three distinct secret movements at different points in time in the history of the United States.
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L'Amore (film)
L'Amore (1948) is an Italian anthology film directed by Roberto Rossellini that stars Anna Magnani and Federico Fellini.
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La Ronde (1950 film)
La Ronde is a 1950 French film directed by Max Ophüls and based on Arthur Schnitzler's 1897 play La Ronde.
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Lambda Legal
Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, better known as Lambda Legal.
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Lamont v. Postmaster General
Lamont v. Postmaster General, 381 U.S. 301 (1965),.
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Larry Craig
Larry Edwin Craig (born July 20, 1945) is a retired American politician from Idaho.
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Law of the United States
The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.
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Lawsuit
A lawsuit (or suit in law) is "a vernacular term for a suit, action, or cause instituted or depending between two private persons in the courts of law." A lawsuit is any proceeding by a party or parties against another in a court of law.
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Learned Hand
Billings Learned Hand (January 27, 1872 – August 18, 1961) was an American judge and judicial philosopher.
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Lee v. Washington
Lee v. Washington, 390 U.S. 333 (1968), is a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld an appeals court decision to forbid segregation of public prisons.
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LGBT
LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.
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LGBT adoption
LGBT adoption is the adoption of children by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.
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LGBT adoption in the United States
Prior to several rulings by the Supreme Court of the United States, adoption laws varied widely by state.
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LGBT rights by country or territory
Laws affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or territory; everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex romantic/sexual activity or identity.
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LGBT rights in the United States
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in the United States of America vary by jurisdiction.
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Liberty (advocacy group)
Liberty, formerly and still formally called the National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL), is an advocacy group based in the United Kingdom, which campaigns to protect civil liberties and promote human rights – through the courts, in Parliament and in the wider community.
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Life (magazine)
Life was an American magazine that ran regularly from 1883 to 1972 and again from 1978 to 2000.
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List of court cases involving the American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has been involved in the following legal cases, either by representing a party, or filing an amicus brief, or otherwise significantly involved.
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Lobbying
Lobbying, persuasion, or interest representation is the act of attempting to influence the actions, policies, or decisions of officials in their daily life, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies.
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Louisiana
Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Lovell v. City of Griffin
Lovell v. City of Griffin, 303 U.S. 444 (1938), is a United States Supreme Court case.
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Loving v. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia, is a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court, which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.
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Lower Manhattan
Lower Manhattan, also known as Downtown Manhattan or Downtown New York, is the southernmost part of Manhattan, the central borough for business, culture, and government in the City of New York, which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624, at a point which now constitutes the present-day Financial District.
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M (1951 film)
M is a 1951 American film noir and a remake, directed by Joseph Losey, of Fritz Lang's 1931 German film of the same name.
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Maine
Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Mapp v. Ohio
Mapp v. Ohio,, was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts as had previously been the law.
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Margaret Sanger
Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse.
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Martin v. City of Struthers
Martin v. Struthers, 319 U.S. 141 (1943), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law prohibiting the distribution of handbills from door to door violated the First Amendment rights of a Jehovah's Witness as their.
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Mary Dennett
Mary Coffin Ware Dennett (April 4, 1872 – July 25, 1947) was an American women's rights activist, pacifist, homeopathic advocate, and pioneer in the areas of birth control, sex education, and women's suffrage.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Mass surveillance
Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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McCarthyism
McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.
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McCollum v. Board of Education
McCollum v. Board of Education,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case related to the power of a state to use its tax-supported public school system to aid religious instruction.
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McLean v. Arkansas
McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F. Supp. 1255 (E.D. Ark. 1982), was a 1981 legal case in the US state of Arkansas.
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Medicaid
Medicaid in the United States is a joint federal and state program that helps with medical costs for some people with limited income and resources.
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Memoirs v. Massachusetts
Memoirs v. Massachusetts,, was the United States Supreme Court decision that attempted to clarify a holding regarding obscenity made a decade earlier in Roth v. United States (1957).
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Michael Dukakis
Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is a retired American politician who served as the 65th Governor of Massachusetts, from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1983 to 1991.
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Michigan
Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.
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Miller test
The Miller test, also called the three-prong obscenity test, is the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case it is not protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and can be prohibited.
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Minnesota
Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.
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Minor (law)
In law, a minor is a person under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood.
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Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona,, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court.
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Mississippi
Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.
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Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.
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Montana
Montana is a state in the Northwestern United States.
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Morris Ernst
Morris Leopold Ernst (August 23, 1888 – May 21, 1976) was an American lawyer and co-founder of the American Civil Liberties Union.
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Motion Picture Production Code
The Motion Picture Production Code was the set of industry moral guidelines that was applied to most United States motion pictures released by major studios from 1930 to 1968.
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Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Commission of Ohio
Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio, 236 U.S. 230 (1915), was a United States Supreme Court case in 1915, in which the Court ruled by a 9-0 vote that the free speech protection of the Ohio Constitution, which was substantially similar to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, did not extend to motion pictures.
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NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.
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Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County.
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Nathan Ross Margold
Nathan Ross Margold (1899 - December 17, 1947) was a Romanian-born American lawyer.
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Nation of Islam
The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.
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National Center for Lesbian Rights
The National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR) is a non-profit, public interest law firm in the United States that advocates for equitable public policies affecting the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, provides free legal assistance to LGBT clients and their legal advocates, and conducts community education on LGBT legal issues.
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National Civic Federation
The National Civic Federation (NCF) was an American economic organization founded in 1900 which brought together chosen representatives of big business and organized labor, as well as consumer advocates in an attempt to ameliorate labor disputes.
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National Civil Liberties Bureau
The National Civil Liberties Bureau (NCLB) was an American civil rights organization founded in 1917, dedicated to opposing World War I, and specifically focusing on assisting conscientious objectors.
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National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee
The National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee (NECLC), until 1968 known as the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, was an organization formed in the United States in October 1951 by 150 educators and clergymen to advocate for the civil liberties embodied in the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution, notably the rights of free speech, religion, travel, and assembly.
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National Labor Relations Act of 1935
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 449) (also known as the Wagner Act after New York Senator Robert F. Wagner) is a foundational statute of United States labor law which guarantees basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining for better terms and conditions at work, and take collective action including strike if necessary.
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National Labor Relations Board
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent US government agency with responsibilities for enforcing US labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices.
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National Organization for Women
The National Organization for Women (NOW) is an American feminist organization founded in 1966.
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National Recovery Administration
The National Recovery Administration was a prime New Deal agency established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933.
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National Rifle Association
The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is an American nonprofit organization that advocates for gun rights.
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National security letter
A national security letter (NSL) is an administrative subpoena issued by the United States government to gather information for national security purposes.
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Native American civil rights
Native American civil rights are the civil rights of Native Americans in the United States.
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Naturalization
Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.
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Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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Near v. Minnesota
Near v. Minnesota,, is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision that found that prior restraints on publication violate freedom of the press as protected under the First Amendment, a principle that was applied to free speech generally in subsequent jurisprudence.
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Nebraska
Nebraska is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States.
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Neo-Nazism
Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II militant social or political movements seeking to revive and implement the ideology of Nazism.
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Nevada
Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.
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New Deal
The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States 1933-36, in response to the Great Depression.
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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New York Civil Liberties Union
The New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) is a civil rights organization in the United States.
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New York Daily News
The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City.
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New York Times Co. v. United States
New York Times Co.
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New York v. Ferber
New York v. Ferber,, is a precedential decision given by the United States Supreme Court, which ruled unanimously that the First Amendment right to free speech did not forbid states from banning the sale of material depicting children engaged in sexual activity, even if the material was not obscene.
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Nicholas Merrill
Nicholas Merrill is an American system administrator, computer programmer and entrepreneur.
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Nonpartisanism
Nonpartisanism is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias toward, a political party.
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Nonprofit organization
A non-profit organization (NPO), also known as a non-business entity or non-profit institution, is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a shared point of view.
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Norman Thomas
Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 – December 19, 1968) was an American Presbyterian minister who achieved fame as a socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America.
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Norris–La Guardia Act
The Norris–La Guardia Act (also known as the Anti-Injunction Bill) is a 1932 United States federal law on US labor law.
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North American Man/Boy Love Association
The North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) is a pedophile and pederasty advocacy organization in the United States.
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North Carolina
North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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North Dakota
North Dakota is a U.S. state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States.
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NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)
NSA warrantless surveillance (also commonly referred to as "warrantless-wiretapping" or "-wiretaps") refers to the surveillance of persons within the United States, including United States citizens, during the collection of notionally foreign intelligence by the National Security Agency (NSA) as part of the Terrorist Surveillance Program.
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O'Connor v. Donaldson
O'Connor v. Donaldson,, was a landmark decision in mental health law.
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Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.
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Oliver North
Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) is an American political commentator, television host, military historian, author, and retired United States Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel.
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Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930.
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Opt-out
The term opt-out refers to several methods by which individuals can avoid receiving unsolicited product or service information.
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Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.
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Original intent
Original intent is a theory in law concerning constitutional and statutory interpretation.
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Osmond Fraenkel
Osmond Fraenkel (Oct. 17, 1888-May 17, 1983) was a United States attorney who served as general counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union.
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Parwan Detention Facility
The Parwan Detention Facility (also called Detention Facility in Parwan) is Afghanistan's main military prison.
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Patrick Murphy Malin
Patrick Murphy Malin (1903 – December 13, 1964) was an American activist and administrator who followed Roger Nash Baldwin as the second Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
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Patriot Act
The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress signed into law by US President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001.
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Paul Robeson
Paul Leroy Robeson (April 9, 1898 – January 23, 1976) was an American bass baritone concert artist and stage and film actor who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political activism.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
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Pentagon Papers
The Pentagon Papers, officially titled Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967.
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People for the American Way
People For the American Way (PFAW) is a left wing advocacy group in the United States.
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Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, also known simply as the "PG", is the largest daily newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Poe v. Ullman
Poe v. Ullman,, was a United States Supreme Court case that held that plaintiffs lacked standing to challenge a Connecticut law that banned the use of contraceptives, and banned doctors from advising their use, because the law had never been enforced.
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Police misconduct
Police misconduct refers to inappropriate conduct and or illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties.
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Political freedom
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.
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Powell v. Alabama
In Powell v. Alabama, the United States Supreme Court reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama.
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Presidency of Ronald Reagan
The presidency of Ronald Reagan began at noon EST on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989.
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Prior restraint
Prior restraint (also referred to as prior censorship or pre-publication censorship) is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression.
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Prison Litigation Reform Act
The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e, is a U.S. federal law that was enacted in 1996.
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Prisoners' rights
The rights of civilian and military prisoners are governed by both national and international law.
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Privacy laws of the United States
The privacy laws of the United States deal with several different legal concepts.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.
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Racism
Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.
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Raymond L. Wise
Raymond L. Wise was a 20th-Century attorney and member of the board of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
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Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed,, was an Equal Protection case in the United States in which the Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes.
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Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union
Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that anti-indecency provisions of the 1996 Communications Decency Act (CDA) violated First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech.
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Renunciation Act of 1944
The Renunciation Act of 1944 (Public Law 78-405) was an act of the 78th Congress regarding the renunciation of United States citizenship.
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Reproductive rights
Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world.
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Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act
The Respect for America’s Fallen Heroes Act is an Act of Congress that prohibits protests within 300 feet (90 m) of the entrance of any cemetery under control of the National Cemetery Administration (a division of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs) from 60 minutes before to 60 minutes after a funeral.
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Reynolds v. Sims
Reynolds v. Sims, was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that unlike in the election of the United States Senate, in the election of any chamber of a state legislature the electoral districts must be roughly equal in population (thus negating the traditional function of a State Senate, which was to allow rural counties to counterbalance large towns and cities).
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Rhode Island
Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.
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Robert F. Wagner
Robert Ferdinand Wagner I (June 8, 1877May 4, 1953) was a German American politician.
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Robertson County, Texas
Robertson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Rochin v. California
Rochin v. California,, was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that added behavior that "shocks the conscience" into tests of what violates due process.
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Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is a private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
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Rockwell Kent
Rockwell Kent (June 21, 1882 – March 13, 1971) was an American painter, printmaker, illustrator, writer, sailor, adventurer and voyager.
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Roe v. Wade
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.
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Roger Nash Baldwin
Roger Nash Baldwin (January 21, 1884 – August 26, 1981) was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
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Rosie O'Donnell
Roseann O'Donnell (born March 21, 1962) is an American comedian, actress, author and television personality. She has been a magazine editor and continues to be a celebrity blogger, a lesbian rights activist, a television producer, and a collaborative partner in the LGBT family vacation company, R Family Vacations. O'Donnell started her comedy career while still a teenager. Her big break was on the talent show Star Search in 1984. After a TV sitcom and a series of movies introduced her to a larger national audience, she hosted The Rosie O'Donnell Show from 1996 to 2002, which won multiple Emmy Awards. During this time, she wrote her first memoir, Find Me, and developed the nickname "Queen of Nice", as well as a reputation for philanthropic efforts. She used the book's $3 million advance to establish her For All Kids foundation and promote other charity projects, encouraging celebrities on her show to take part. In 1997, O'Donnell did the voice of Terk in the Disney animated film Tarzan. In 2002, two months before finishing her talk show run, O'Donnell came out, stating "I'm a dyke!" and saying that her primary reason was to bring attention to gay adoption issues. O'Donnell is a foster and adoptive mother. She was named The Advocate 2002 Person of the Year; in May 2003, she became a regular contributor to the magazine. In 2006, O'Donnell became a moderator on The View. Her strong opinions resulted in some controversies, including an on-air dispute regarding the Bush administration's policies with the Iraq War, resulting in a mutual agreement to cancel her contract. In 2007, O'Donnell released her second memoir, Celebrity Detox, which focuses on her struggles with fame and her time at The View. From 2009 to 2011, she hosted Rosie Radio on Sirius XM Radio. In 2011, O'Donnell signed on with the OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network to return to daytime TV with The Rosie Show. On March 16, 2012, the network cancelled the show due to low ratings, and the last show aired on March 29, 2012. In July 2014, O'Donnell was rehired to join The View as a co-host for the series' eighteenth season. O'Donnell announced in February 2015 her decision to depart the series again, this time citing personal reasons for her departure. In November 2016, Showtime announced that O'Donnell had joined the cast of the comedy pilot SMILF, which premiered on November 5, 2017.
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Roth v. United States
Roth v. United States,, along with its companion case Alberts v. Christopher Sommer, was a landmark case before the United States Supreme Court which redefined the Constitutional test for determining what constitutes obscene material unprotected by the First Amendment.
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Ruiz v. Estelle
Ruiz v. Estelle, 503 F. Supp. 1265 (S.D. Tex. 1980), filed in United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, eventually became the most far-reaching lawsuit on the conditions of prison incarceration in American history.
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Rush Limbaugh
Rush Hudson Limbaugh III (born January 12, 1951) is an American radio talk show host and conservative political commentator.
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Same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage) is the marriage of a same-sex couple, entered into in a civil or religious ceremony.
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Same-sex marriage in the United States
Same-sex marriage in the United States was initially established on a state-by-state basis, expanding from 1 state in 2004 to 36 states in 2015, when, on June 26, 2015, same-sex marriage was established in all 50 states as a result of the ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States in the landmark civil rights case of Obergefell v. Hodges, in which it was held that the right of same-sex couples to marry on the same terms and conditions as opposite-sex couples, with all the accompanying rights and responsibilities, is guaranteed by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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Samuel Roth
Samuel Roth (1893 – July 3, 1974) was an American publisher and writer.
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Schenck v. United States
Schenck v. United States,, is a United States Supreme Court case concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I. A unanimous Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., concluded that defendants who distributed fliers to draft-age men, urging resistance to induction, could be convicted of an attempt to obstruct the draft, a criminal offense.
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School Prayer Amendment
The School Prayer Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution intended by its proponents to protect the right of the students if they wish, to voluntarily pray in schools, although opponents argue it allows for government sponsored prayer.
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Scopes Trial
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.
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Second Amendment Foundation
The Second Amendment Foundation (SAF) is a United States nonprofit organization that supports gun rights.
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Self-incrimination
Self-incrimination is the act of exposing oneself generally, by making a statement "to an accusation or charge of crime; to involve oneself or another in a criminal prosecution or the danger thereof." Self-incrimination can occur either directly or indirectly: directly, by means of interrogation where information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed; or indirectly, when information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed voluntarily without pressure from another person.
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Separate but equal
Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted during the Reconstruction Era, which guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all citizens.
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Separation of church and state
The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state.
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September 11 attacks
The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.
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Sex education
Sex education is the instruction of issues relating to human sexuality, including emotional relations and responsibilities, human sexual anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, age of consent, reproductive health, reproductive rights, safe sex, birth control and sexual abstinence.
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Shelley v. Kraemer
Shelley v. Kraemer, (1948) is a landmark United States Supreme Court case holding that the State-Action Doctrine includes the enforcement of private contracts, the Equal Protection Clause prohibits racially restrictive housing covenants, and that such covenants are unenforceable in court.
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Shirley Phelps-Roper
Shirley Lynn Phelps-Roper (born Shirley Lynn Phelps, October 31, 1957) is an American lawyer and political activist.
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Shooting of Jocques Clemmons
In the early afternoon of February 10, 2017 in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, Joshua Lippert, a 32-year-old white police officer, fatally shot Jocques Clemmons, a 31-year-old African-American.
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Sia (musician)
Sia Kate Isobelle Furler (born 18 December 1975) is an Australian singer-songwriter, record producer and music video director.
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Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.
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Sit-in movement
The sit-in movement, or student sit-in movement, was a wave of sit-ins that followed the Greensboro sit-ins on February 1, 1960 in North Carolina.
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Skokie, Illinois
Skokie (formerly Niles Center) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States.
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Smith Act
The Alien Registration Act, popularly known as the Smith Act, 76th United States Congress, 3d session, ch.
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Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders
The Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders were a series of federal prosecutions conducted from 1949 to 1958 in which leaders of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) were accused of violating the Smith Act, a statute which imposed penalties on those who advocated violent overthrow of the government.
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Socialist Party USA
The Socialist Party of the United States of America"The article of this organization shall be the Socialist Party of the United States of America, hereinafter called 'the Party.'" Art.
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South Carolina
South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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South Dakota
South Dakota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
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Southern Poverty Law Center
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American nonprofit legal advocacy organization specializing in civil rights and public interest litigation.
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Spamming
Electronic spamming is the use of electronic messaging systems to send an unsolicited message (spam), especially advertising, as well as sending messages repeatedly on the same site.
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Special Forces (United States Army)
The United States Army Special Forces, colloquially known as the Green Berets due to their distinctive service headgear, are a special operations force tasked with five primary missions: unconventional warfare (the original and most important mission of Special Forces), foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, direct action, and counter-terrorism.
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Speiser v. Randall
Speiser v. Randall,, was a U.S. Supreme Court case addressing the State of California's refusal to grant to ACLU lawyer Lawrence Speiser, a veteran of World War II, a tax exemption because that person refused to sign a loyalty oath as required by a California law enacted in 1954.
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State school
State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.
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State secrets privilege
The state secrets privilege is an evidentiary rule created by United States legal precedent.
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Street v. New York
Street v. New York,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a New York state law making it a crime "publicly mutilate, deface, defile, or defy, trample upon, or cast contempt upon either by words or act " was, in part, unconstitutional because it prohibited speech against the flag.
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Stromberg v. California
Stromberg v. California,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled 7–2 that a 1919 California statute banning red flags was unconstitutional because it violated the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.
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Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses by country
Numerous cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses have been heard by Supreme Courts throughout the world.
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Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the court of last resort in the courts of the State of California.
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Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.
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Susan N. Herman
Susan N. Herman (born 1947) is an American constitutional law scholar and, since October 2008, the president of the American Civil Liberties Union.
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Targeted killing
Targeted killing is defined as a form of assassination based on the presumption of criminal guilt.
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Taylor v. Louisiana
Taylor v. Louisiana,, is a landmark Supreme Court of the United States case, which held women could not be excluded from a venire, or jury pool, on the basis of having to register for jury duty.
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Telephone tapping
Telephone tapping (also wire tapping or wiretapping in American English) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means.
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Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments (עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, Aseret ha'Dibrot), also known as the Decalogue, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Judaism and Christianity.
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Tennessee
Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Terrorism
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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The American Mercury
The American Mercury was an American magazine published from 1924 to 1981.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The switch in time that saved nine
"The switch in time that saved nine" is the name given to what was perceived as the sudden jurisprudential shift by Associate Justice Owen Roberts of the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1937 case West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.
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Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908January 24, 1993) was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools.
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Totalitarianism
Benito Mussolini Totalitarianism is a political concept where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.
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Tropic of Cancer (novel)
Tropic of Cancer is a novel by Henry Miller that has been described as "notorious for its candid sexuality" and as responsible for the "free speech that we now take for granted in literature".
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Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument
The Tule Lake Unit of the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument in Modoc and Siskiyou counties in California, consists primarily of the site of the Tule Lake War Relocation Center, one of ten concentration camps constructed in 1942 by the United States government to incarcerate Japanese Americans forcibly removed from their homes on the West Coast.
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Ulysses (novel)
Ulysses is a modernist novel by Irish writer James Joyce.
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Unite the Right rally
The Unite the Right rally, also known as the Charlottesville rally or Charlottesville riots, was a white nationalist rally that occurred in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, from August 11 to 12, 2017.
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United States Armed Forces
The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America.
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United States Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.
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United States elections, 2016
The 2016 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.
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United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.
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United States presidential election, 1988
The United States presidential election of 1988 was the 51st quadrennial United States presidential election.
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United States v. Carolene Products Co.
United States v. Carolene Products Company,, was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme Court.
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United States v. O'Brien
United States v. O'Brien,, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled that a criminal prohibition against burning a draft card did not violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech.
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United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
United States v. One Book Called Ulysses was a December 6, 1933 decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in a case dealing with freedom of expression.
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United States v. Vuitch
United States v. Vuitch, 402 U.S. 62 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court abortion rights case, which held that the District of Columbia's abortion law banning the practice except when necessary for the health or life of the woman was not unconstitutionally vague.
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University of North Carolina
The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina's public universities, as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics, the nation's first public residential high school for gifted students.
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Upton Sinclair
Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres.
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Utah
Utah is a state in the western United States.
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Verizon Communications
Verizon Communications Inc., or simply Verizon, is an American multinational telecommunications conglomerate and a corporate component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
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Vermont
Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Veterans' Memorials, Boy Scouts, Public Seals, and Other Public Expressions of Religion Protection Act of 2006
The Veterans' Memorials, Boy Scouts, Public Seals, and Other Public Expressions of Religion Protection Act of 2006 (previously the Public Expression of Religion Act of 2005), was a bill passed by the United States House of Representatives on September 26, 2006 by a vote of 244 to 173.
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Vice President of the United States
The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, or Veep) is a constitutional officer in the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States as the President of the Senate under Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, of the United States Constitution, as well as the second highest executive branch officer, after the President of the United States.
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
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Virginia
Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
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Walter Herries Pollock
Walter Herries Pollock (21 February 1850 – 21 February 1926) was an English writer, poet, lecturer and journalist.
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Walter Nelles
Walter Nelles (1883–1937) was an American lawyer and law professor.
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Walter P. Reuther Library
The Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs, located on the campus of Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, contains millions of primary source documents related to the labor history of the United States, urban affairs, and the Wayne State University Archives.
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Washington (state)
Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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Watergate scandal
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States during the early 1970s, following a break-in by five men at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972, and President Richard Nixon's administration's subsequent attempt to cover up its involvement.
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Watkins v. United States
Watkins v. United States, 354 U.S. 178 (1957), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that held that the power of the United States Congress is not unlimited in conducting investigations and that nothing in the US Constitution gives it the authority to expose individuals' private affairs.
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Wayne M. Collins
Wayne Mortimer Collins (November 23, 1899 – July 16, 1974) was a civil rights attorney who worked on cases related to the Japanese American evacuation and internment.
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Wendy Kaminer
Wendy Kaminer (born 1949) is an American lawyer and writer.
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West Virginia
West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.
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West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette,, is a decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment protects students from being forced to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance in public school.
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Westboro Baptist Church
Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) is an American church known for its use of inflammatory hate speech, especially against LGBT+ people (homophobia and transphobia), Catholics (anti-Catholicism), Orthodox Christians (anti-Orthodoxy), Muslims (Islamophobia), Jews (antisemitism), Romani people (antiziganism), and U.S. soldiers and politicians (anti-Americanism).
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Whitus v. Georgia
Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545 (1967),.
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Wickersham Commission
The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (also known unofficially as the Wickersham Commission) was a committee established by then U.S. President, Herbert Hoover, on May 20, 1929.
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Wiley Blount Rutledge
Wiley Blount Rutledge Jr. (July 20, 1894 – September 10, 1949) was an American educator and justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1943–49).
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William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska.
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William O. Douglas
William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
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William Perl
William Perl (1920-1970), whose original name was William Mutterperl, was an American physicist and Soviet spy.
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William Worthy
William Worthy, Jr. (July 7, 1921 – May 4, 2014) was an African-American journalist, civil rights activist, and dissident who pressed his right to travel regardless of U.S. State Department regulations.
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.
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Yasui v. United States
Yasui v. United States, 320 U.S. 115 (1943).
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Yates v. United States
Yates v. United States,, was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that the First Amendment protected radical and reactionary speech, unless it posed a "clear and present danger.".
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2 New York Plaza
125 Broad Street (formerly known as 2 New York Plaza) is a 40-story office building located at the intersection of Broad Street and South Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan.
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501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to and is one of 29 types of nonprofit organizations exempt from some federal income taxes.
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501(c)(3) organization
A 501(c)(3) organization is a corporation, trust, unincorporated association, or other type of organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of Title 26 of the United States Code.
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Redirects here:
A.C.L.U., ACLU, ACLU Foundation, Aclu, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Inc., American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, Arts Censorship Project, Maine Civil Liberties Union, NHCLU, The ACLU, The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union
