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384 relations: A Coruña, Aesthetics, Africa (Roman province), Agger (ancient Rome), Alconétar Bridge, Alyscamps, American Journal of Archaeology, Amphitheatre, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek architecture, Ancient Greek temple, Ancient Rome, Antonine Wall, Apse, Aqueduct (bridge), Aqueduct (water supply), Aqueduct of Segovia, Arch, Arch bridge, Arch dam, Arch of Constantine, Arch of Septimius Severus, Arch of Titus, Arch-gravity dam, Architecture, Architecture of Mesopotamia, Architrave, Arles, Auditorium, Augustus, Aula Palatina, Aurelian Walls, Bank, Baroque architecture, Basilica, Basilica of Maxentius, Basilica of San Vitale, Baths of Caracalla, Baths of Diocletian, Baths of Trajan, Benevento, Bridge near Limyra, British Isles, Buckingham Palace, Bullfighting, Buttress, Buttress dam, Byzantine architecture, Calends, Campus Martius, ..., Cardo, Carrara, Castle, Castra, Catacombs of Rome, Cato the Elder, Celtic polytheism, Celts, Central heating, Ceramic building material, Chariot racing, Chester city walls, Christianity, Church (building), Church architecture, Circular segment, Circus (building), Circus Maximus, City block, Civil engineering, Civitas, Classical architecture, Classical order, Clerestory, Coffer, Colonnade, Colosseum, Column, Composite order, Concrete, Constantine the Great and Christianity, Constantinople, Corinthian order, Cosa, Crisis of the Third Century, Cult (religious practice), Curia Hostilia, Dais, Danube, De aquaeductu, De architectura, Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism, Decumanus Maximus, Defensive wall, Diocletian's Palace, Dome, Domitian, Domus, Domus Aurea, Doric order, Dover, Drainage, Early modern period, Egypt, Embankment dam, Engineering, English country house, Entertainment, Etruscan architecture, Etruscan civilization, Federal architecture, Fishbourne Roman Palace, Flavian Palace, Flood control, Floor plan, Flower box, Flower garden, Forlì, Forlimpopoli, Forum (Roman), Forum Boarium, France, Fresco, Frontinus, Furnace, Gaius Gracchus, Geometry, Georgian architecture, Germany, Gethsemane, Gladiator, Gospel of Mark, Grain, Granary, Gravity dam, Greece in the Roman era, Greek gardens, Greek Revival architecture, Grotto, Gulf of Naples, Hadrian, Hadrian's Villa, Hadrian's Wall, Hannibal, Harbaqa Dam, Helix, Hellenistic period, Herculaneum, Hippodrome, Hispania, Hispania Tarraconensis, History of architecture, History of the Roman Empire, Honorius (emperor), Horace, Horrea Galbae, Horreum, Horse racing, Hydraulics, Hypocaust, Image, Imbrex and tegula, Inca Empire, Inch, Industrial Revolution, Insula (building), Ionic order, Iranian architecture, Ireland, Irrigation, Islamic architecture, Italian Renaissance, Jerome, Jerusalem, Kiln, Kunstareal, Lake Homs Dam, Land reclamation, Late antiquity, Late Middle Ages, Latifundium, Latin, Latium, Latrine, Libation, Lighthouse, Lime mortar, Limes Germanicus, Limestone, Lincoln Memorial, Lintel, List of ancient watermills, List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire, List of Graeco-Roman geographers, List of Greek and Roman architectural records, List of largest domes, List of Roman amphitheatres, List of Roman bridges, List of Roman dams and reservoirs, List of Roman deities, List of Roman domes, Livy, Lugo, Magna Graecia, Maison Carrée, Marble, Marzabotto, Mausoleum, Mérida, Spain, Mediterranean Sea, Mica, Military history of ancient Rome, Monolithic architecture, Mortar (masonry), Mosaic, Mosque, Municipium, Mural, Nautical Archaeology Society, Naval warfare, Navigation, Near East, Necropolis, Neoclassical architecture, Nero, New World, Obélisque d'Arles, Obelisk, Obelisk ship, Olive oil, Opus tessellatum, Opus vermiculatum, Orchestra, Ostia Antica, Outline of ancient Rome, Outline of architecture, Oxford Art Online, Palace, Palatine Hill, Palladian architecture, Pantheon, Rome, Parian marble, Pediment, Persian gardens, Perugia, Picts, Pilae stacks, Plebs, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Podium, Poland, Pompeii, Pons Fabricius, Pont du Gard, Pont Julien, Portcullis, Portico, Portus Adurni, Post and lintel, Pozzolana, Pre-Romanesque art and architecture, Proscenium, Public bathing, Puente Romano, Mérida, PWA Moderne, Quadriga, Race track, Rectangle, Regency architecture, Religion in ancient Rome, Rock (geology), Roman aqueduct, Roman architectural revolution, Roman brick, Roman Britain, Roman censor, Roman commerce, Roman concrete, Roman emperor, Roman Empire, Roman engineering, Roman Forum, Roman gardens, Roman Gaul, Roman Italy, Roman legion, Roman magistrate, Roman military engineering, Roman navy, Roman province, Roman Republic, Roman roads, Roman temple, Roman temple of Alcántara, Roman temple of Vic, Roman theatre (structure), Roman triumph, Roman villa, Roman walls of Córdoba, Romanesque architecture, Romano-Celtic temple, Rome, Roof garden, Routledge, Sacred architecture, Sanitation in ancient Rome, Scaenae frons, Scandinavia, Scotland, Seat of local government, Semicircle, Seneca the Younger, Sergius Orata, Servian Wall, Sluice, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Spandrel, Sport, Stadium, Stairs, Steel, Stoa, Strigil, Stripped Classicism, Structure, Stucco, Subiaco Dams, Sulla, Sussex, Taberna, Temple of Claudius, Temple of Hercules Victor, Temple of Portunus, Terracotta, Tessera, The Five Orders of Architecture, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Thermae, Titus, Tivoli, Lazio, Tower of Hercules, Trajan, Trajan's Bridge, Trajan's Column, Trajan's Forum, Travertine, Tribune, Triclinium, Trier, Triumphal arch, Triumphal Arch of Orange, Trompe-l'œil, Tropaeum Traiani, Truss, Turin, Turkey, Turkish bath, Tuscan order, Typography, Underfloor heating, United States Capitol, Vaison-la-Romaine, Vault (architecture), Verona Arena, Victoria (mythology), Victory column, Villa of the Mysteries, Villa of the Papyri, Villa rustica, Vitruvius, Volterra, Vomitorium, Votum, Voussoir, Wars of Alexander the Great, Washington, D.C., Water supply, Water wheel, Watermill, Western Roman Empire, White House, 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A Coruña
A Coruña (is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second most populated city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It provides a distribution point for agricultural goods from the region.
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Aesthetics
Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
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Africa (Roman province)
Africa Proconsularis was a Roman province on the north African coast that was established in 146 BC following the defeat of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
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Agger (ancient Rome)
An agger is an ancient Roman embankment or rampart, or any artificial elevation.
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Alconétar Bridge
The Alconétar Bridge (Spanish: Puente de Alconétar), also known as Puente de Mantible, was a Roman segmental arch bridge in the Extremadura region, Spain.
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Alyscamps
The Alyscamps is a large Roman necropolis, which is a short distance outside the walls of the old town of Arles, France.
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American Journal of Archaeology
The American Journal of Archaeology (AJA), the peer-reviewed journal of the Archaeological Institute of America, has been published since 1897 (continuing the American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts founded by the institute in 1885).
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Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre or amphitheater is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
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Ancient Greek architecture
The architecture of ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC.
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Ancient Greek temple
Greek temples (dwelling, semantically distinct from Latin templum, "temple") were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion.
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Ancient Rome
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
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Antonine Wall
The Antonine Wall, known to the Romans as Vallum Antonini, was a turf fortification on stone foundations, built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland, between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde.
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Apse
In architecture, an apse (plural apses; from Latin absis: "arch, vault" from Greek ἀψίς apsis "arch"; sometimes written apsis, plural apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome, also known as an Exedra.
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Aqueduct (bridge)
Bridges for conveying water, called aqueducts or water bridges, are constructed to convey watercourses across gaps such as valleys or ravines.
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Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to convey water.
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Aqueduct of Segovia
The Aqueduct of Segovia (or more precisely, the aqueduct bridge) is a Roman aqueduct in Segovia, Spain.
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Arch
An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it, or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it.
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Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.
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Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan.
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Arch of Constantine
The Arch of Constantine (Arco di Costantino) is a triumphal arch in Rome, situated between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill.
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Arch of Septimius Severus
The Arch of Septimius Severus (Arco di Settimio Severo) at the northwest end of the Roman Forum is a white marble triumphal arch dedicated in 203 to commemorate the Parthian victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons, Caracalla and Geta, in the two campaigns against the Parthians of 194/195 and 197–199.
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Arch of Titus
The Arch of Titus (Arco di Tito; Arcus Titi) is a 1st-century AD honorific arch, located on the Via Sacra, Rome, just to the south-east of the Roman Forum.
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Arch-gravity dam
An arch-gravity dam or arched dam is a dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam.
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Architecture
Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.
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Architecture of Mesopotamia
The architecture of Mesopotamia is ancient architecture of the region of the Tigris–Euphrates river system (also known as Mesopotamia), encompassing several distinct cultures and spanning a period from the 10th millennium BC, when the first permanent structures were built, to the 6th century BC.
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Architrave
An architrave (from architrave "chief beam", also called an epistyle; from Greek ἐπίστυλον epistylon "door frame") is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns.
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Arles
Arles (Provençal Arle in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.
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Auditorium
An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances at venues such as theatres.
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Augustus
Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
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Aula Palatina
The Basilica of Constantine (Konstantinbasilika), or Aula Palatina, at Trier, Germany is a Roman palace basilica that was commissioned by the emperor Constantine I (AD 306–337) at the beginning of the 4th century.
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Aurelian Walls
The Aurelian Walls (Mura aureliane) are a line of city walls built between 271 AD and 275 AD in Rome, Italy, during the reign of the Roman Emperors Aurelian and Probus.
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Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.
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Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church.
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Basilica
A basilica is a type of building, usually a church, that is typically rectangular with a central nave and aisles, usually with a slightly raised platform and an apse at one or both ends.
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Basilica of Maxentius
The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica di Massenzio), sometimes known as the Basilica Nova - meaning "new basilica" - or Basilica of Maxentius, is an ancient building in the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy.
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Basilica of San Vitale
The "Basilica of San Vitale" is a church in Ravenna, Italy, and one of the most important examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture that stands in Europe.
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Baths of Caracalla
The Baths of Caracalla (Terme di Caracalla) in Rome, Italy, were the city's second largest Roman public baths, or thermae, likely built between AD 212 (or 211) and 216/217, during the reigns of emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla.
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Baths of Diocletian
The Baths of Diocletian (Latin: Thermae Diocletiani, Italian: Terme di Diocleziano) were public baths in ancient Rome, in what is now Italy.
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Baths of Trajan
A modern reconstruction of the complex. The Baths of Trajan were a massive ''thermae'', a bathing and leisure complex, built in ancient Rome starting from 104 AD and dedicated during the Kalends of July in 109.
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Benevento
Benevento (Campanian: Beneviénte; Beneventum) is a city and comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples.
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Bridge near Limyra
The Bridge near Limyra (in Kırkgöz Kemeri, "Bridge of the Forty Arches") is a late Roman bridge in Lycia, in modern south-west Turkey, and one of the oldest segmented arch bridges in the world.
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British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.
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Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom.
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Bullfighting
Bullfighting is a physical contest that involves humans and animals attempting to publicly subdue, immobilise, or kill a bull, usually according to a set of rules, guidelines, or cultural expectations.
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Buttress
A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall.
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Buttress dam
A buttress dam or hollow dam is a dam with a solid, water-tight upstream side that is supported at intervals on the downstream side by a series of buttresses or supports.
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Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Later Roman or Eastern Roman Empire.
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Calends
The calends or kalends (kalendae) is the first day of every month in the Roman calendar.
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Campus Martius
The Campus Martius (Latin for the "Field of Mars", Italian Campo Marzio), was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent.
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Cardo
A cardo was the Latin name given to a north-south street in Ancient Roman cities and military camps as an integral component of city planning.
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Carrara
Carrara is a city and comune in Tuscany, in central Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there.
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Castle
A castle (from castellum) is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders.
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Castra
In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum (plural castra) was a building, or plot of land, used as a fortified military camp.
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Catacombs of Rome
The Catacombs of Rome (Catacombe di Roma) are ancient catacombs, underground burial places under Rome, Italy, of which there are at least forty, some discovered only in recent decades.
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Cato the Elder
Cato the Elder (Cato Major; 234–149 BC), born and also known as (Cato Censorius), (Cato Sapiens), and (Cato Priscus), was a Roman senator and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization.
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Celtic polytheism
Celtic polytheism, commonly known as Celtic paganism, comprises the religious beliefs and practices adhered to by the Iron Age people of Western Europe now known as the Celts, roughly between 500 BCE and 500 CE, spanning the La Tène period and the Roman era, and in the case of the Insular Celts the British and Irish Iron Age.
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Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.
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Central heating
A central heating system provides warmth to the whole interior of a building (or portion of a building) from one point to multiple rooms.
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Ceramic building material
Ceramic building material, often abbreviated to CBM, is an umbrella term used in archaeology to cover all building materials made from baked clay.
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Chariot racing
Chariot racing (harmatodromia, ludi circenses) was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine sports.
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Chester city walls
Chester city walls consist of a defensive structure built to protect the city of Chester in Cheshire, England.
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Christianity
ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.
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Church (building)
A church building or church house, often simply called a church, is a building used for Christian religious activities, particularly for worship services.
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Church architecture
Church architecture refers to the architecture of buildings of Christian churches.
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Circular segment
In geometry, a circular segment (symbol: ⌓) is a region of a circle which is "cut off" from the rest of the circle by a secant or a chord.
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Circus (building)
The Roman circus (from Latin, "circle") was a large open-air venue used for public events in the ancient Roman Empire.
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Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus (Latin for greatest or largest circus; Italian: Circo Massimo) is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue located in Rome, Italy.
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City block
A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design.
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Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, and railways.
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Civitas
In the history of Rome, the Latin term civitas (plural civitates), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law (concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati).
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Classical architecture
Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes even more specifically, from the works of Vitruvius.
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Classical order
An order in architecture is a certain assemblage of parts subject to uniform established proportions, regulated by the office that each part has to perform". Coming down to the present from Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman civilization, the architectural orders are the styles of classical architecture, each distinguished by its proportions and characteristic profiles and details, and most readily recognizable by the type of column employed.
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Clerestory
In architecture, a clerestory (lit. clear storey, also clearstory, clearstorey, or overstorey) is a high section of wall that contains windows above eye level.
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Coffer
A coffer (or coffering) in architecture is a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.
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Colonnade
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building.
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Colosseum
The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy.
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Column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
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Composite order
The composite order is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order capital with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian order.
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Concrete
Concrete, usually Portland cement concrete, is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens over time—most frequently a lime-based cement binder, such as Portland cement, but sometimes with other hydraulic cements, such as a calcium aluminate cement.
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Constantine the Great and Christianity
During the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great (AD 306–337), Christianity began to transition to the dominant religion of the Roman Empire.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Corinthian order
The Corinthian order is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture.
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Cosa
Cosa was a Latin colony founded in southwestern Tuscany in 273 BC, on land confiscated from the Etruscans, to solidify the control of the Romans and offer the Republic a protected port.
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Crisis of the Third Century
The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (AD 235–284), was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression.
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Cult (religious practice)
Cult is literally the "care" (Latin cultus) owed to deities and to temples, shrines, or churches.
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Curia Hostilia
The Curia Hostilia was one of the original senate houses or "curia" of the Roman Republic.
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Dais
A dais or daïs is any raised platform located either inside or outside a room or enclosure, often for dignified occupancy, as at the front of a lecture hall or sanctuary.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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De aquaeductu
De aquaeductu (On aqueducts) is a two-book official report given to the emperor Nerva or Trajan on the state of the aqueducts of Rome, and was written by Julius Sextus Frontinus at the end of the 1st century AD.
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De architectura
De architectura (On architecture, published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects.
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Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism
Religion in the Greco-Roman world at the time of the Constantinian shift mostly comprised three main currents.
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Decumanus Maximus
In Roman city planning, a decumanus was an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city, castrum (military camp), or colonia.
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Defensive wall
A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors.
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Diocletian's Palace
Diocletian's Palace (Dioklecijanova palača) is an ancient palace built for the Roman Emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD, that today forms about half the old town of Split, Croatia.
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Dome
Interior view upward to the Byzantine domes and semi-domes of Hagia Sophia. See Commons file for annotations. A dome (from Latin: domus) is an architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.
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Domitian
Domitian (Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96 AD) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96.
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Domus
In ancient Rome, the domus (plural domūs, genitive domūs or domī) was the type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras.
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Domus Aurea
The Domus Aurea (Latin, "Golden House") was a vast landscaped palace built by the Emperor Nero in the heart of ancient Rome after the great fire in 64 AD had destroyed a large part of the city and the aristocratic villas on the Palatine Hill.
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Doric order
The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian.
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Dover
Dover is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England.
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Drainage
Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area.
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Early modern period
The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam.
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Engineering
Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.
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English country house
An English country house is a large house or mansion in the English countryside.
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Entertainment
Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight.
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Etruscan architecture
Etruscan architecture was created between about 700 BC and 200 BC, when the expanding civilization of ancient Rome finally absorbed Etruscan civilization.
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Etruscan civilization
The Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a powerful and wealthy civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria and northern Lazio.
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Federal architecture
Federal-style architecture is the name for the classicizing architecture built in the newly founded United States between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815.
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Fishbourne Roman Palace
Fishbourne Roman Palace is in the village of Fishbourne, Chichester in West Sussex.
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Flavian Palace
The Flavian Palace, normally known as the Domus Flavia, is part of the vast residential complex of the Palace of Domitian on the Palatine Hill in Rome.
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Flood control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters.
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Floor plan
In architecture and building engineering, a floor plan is a drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces, traffic patterns, and other physical features at one level of a structure.
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Flower box
A flower box is a type of container in the form of a planter or box that is usually placed outdoors and used for displaying live plants and flowers, but it may also be used for growing herbs or other edible plants.
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Flower garden
A flower garden or floral garden is any garden where flowers are grown and displayed.
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Forlì
Forlì (Furlè; Forum Livii) is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, and is the capital of the province of Forlì-Cesena.
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Forlimpopoli
Forlimpopoli (Frampùl) is a town and comune in the province of Forlì-Cesena, north-eastern Italy.
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Forum (Roman)
A forum (Latin forum "public place outdoors", plural fora; English plural either fora or forums) was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls.
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Forum Boarium
The Forum Boarium (Foro Boario) was the cattle forum venalium of Ancient Rome.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Fresco
Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid, or wet lime plaster.
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Frontinus
Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40 – 103 AD) was a prominent Roman civil engineer, author, and politician of the late 1st century AD.
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Furnace
A furnace is a device used for high-temperature heating.
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Gaius Gracchus
Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (154–121 BC) was a Roman Popularis politician in the 2nd century BC and brother of the reformer Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus.
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Geometry
Geometry (from the γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space.
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Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Gethsemane
Gethsemane (Γεθσημανή, Gethsemane; גת שמנים, Gat Shmanim; ܓܕܣܡܢ, Gaḏ Šmānê, lit. "oil press") is an urban garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, most famous as the place where Jesus prayed and his disciples slept the night before His crucifixion; i.e. the site recorded as where the agony in the garden took place.
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Gladiator
A gladiator (gladiator, "swordsman", from gladius, "sword") was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals.
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Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark (τὸ κατὰ Μᾶρκον εὐαγγέλιον, to kata Markon euangelion), is one of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic gospels.
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Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry seed, with or without an attached hull or fruit layer, harvested for human or animal consumption.
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Granary
A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain or animal feed.
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Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily utilizing the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it.
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Greece in the Roman era
Greece in the Roman era describes the period of Greek history when it was dominated by the Roman republic, the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (collectively, the Roman era).
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Greek gardens
A distinction is made between Greek gardens, made in ancient Greece, and Hellenistic gardens, made under the influence of Greek culture in late classical times.
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Greek Revival architecture
The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States.
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Grotto
A grotto (Italian grotta and French grotte) is a natural or artificial cave used by humans in both modern times and antiquity, and historically or prehistorically.
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Gulf of Naples
The Gulf of Naples, also called the Bay of Naples, is a roughly 15-kilometer-wide (9.3 mi) gulf located along the south-western coast of Italy (province of Naples, Campania region).
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Hadrian
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138 AD) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.
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Hadrian's Villa
Hadrian's Villa (Villa Adriana in Italian) is a large Roman archaeological complex at Tivoli, Italy.
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Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall (Vallum Aelium), also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian.
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Hannibal
Hannibal Barca (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤁𐤓𐤒 ḥnb‘l brq; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
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Harbaqa Dam
The Harbaqa Dam or Kharbaqa Dam (سد خربقة) was a Roman era Palmyrene gravity dam in the Syrian desert about southwest from Palmyra on the road to Damascus.
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Helix
A helix, plural helixes or helices, is a type of smooth space curve, i.e. a curve in three-dimensional space.
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Hellenistic period
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
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Herculaneum
Located in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, Herculaneum (Italian: Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town destroyed by volcanic pyroclastic flows in 79 AD.
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Hippodrome
The hippodrome (ἱππόδρομος) was an ancient Grecian stadium for horse racing and chariot racing.
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Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.
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Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania.
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History of architecture
The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates.
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History of the Roman Empire
The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of Ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of the last Western emperor in 476 AD.
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Honorius (emperor)
Honorius (Flavius Honorius Augustus; 9 September 384 – 15 August 423) was Western Roman Emperor from 393 to 423.
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Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (December 8, 65 BC – November 27, 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian).
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Horrea Galbae
The Horrea Galbae were warehouses (horrea) in the southern part of ancient Rome, located between the southern end of the Aventine Hill and the waste dump of Monte Testaccio.
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Horreum
A horreum (plural: horrea) was a type of public warehouse used during the ancient Roman period.
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Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition.
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Hydraulics
Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.
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Hypocaust
A hypocaust (Latin hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes.
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Image
An image (from imago) is an artifact that depicts visual perception, for example, a photo or a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person, thus providing a depiction of it.
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Imbrex and tegula
The imbrex and tegula (plurals imbrices and tegulae) were overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering.
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Inca Empire
The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, "The Four Regions"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century.
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Inch
The inch (abbreviation: in or &Prime) is a unit of length in the (British) imperial and United States customary systems of measurement now formally equal to yard but usually understood as of a foot.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Insula (building)
In Roman architecture, an insula (Latin for "island", plural insulae) was a kind of apartment building that housed most of the urban citizen population of ancient Rome, including ordinary people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs) and all but the wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites).
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Ionic order
The Ionic order forms one of the three classical orders of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian.
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Iranian architecture
Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian:مهرازى ایرانی) is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.
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Irrigation
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.
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Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day.
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Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century (Trecento) and lasted until the 17th century (Seicento), marking the transition between Medieval and Modern Europe.
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Jerome
Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; c. 27 March 347 – 30 September 420) was a priest, confessor, theologian, and historian.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
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Kiln
A kiln (or, originally pronounced "kill", with the "n" silent) is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes.
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Kunstareal
The Kunstareal ("art district") is a museum quarter in the city centre of Munich, Germany.
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Lake Homs Dam
The Lake Homs Dam, also known as Quatinah Barrage, is a Roman-built dam near the city of Homs, Syria, which is in use to this day.
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Land reclamation
Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a landfill), is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds.
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Late antiquity
Late antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in mainland Europe, the Mediterranean world, and the Near East.
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Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.
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Latifundium
A latifundium is a very extensive parcel of privately owned land.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latium
Latium is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
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Latrine
A latrine is a toilet or an even simpler facility which is used as a toilet within a sanitation system.
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Libation
A libation is a ritual pouring of a liquid (ex: milk or other fluids such as corn flour mixed with water), or grains such as rice, as an offering to a god or spirit, or in memory of those who have "passed on".
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Lighthouse
A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and to serve as a navigational aid for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.
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Lime mortar
Lime mortar is composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water.
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Limes Germanicus
The Limes Germanicus (Latin for Germanic frontier) was a line of frontier (limes) fortifications that bounded the ancient Roman provinces of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior and Raetia, dividing the Roman Empire and the unsubdued Germanic tribes from the years 83 to about 260 AD.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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Lincoln Memorial
The Lincoln Memorial is an American national monument built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln.
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Lintel
A lintel or lintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports.
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List of ancient watermills
This list of ancient watermills presents an overview of water-powered grain-mills and industrial mills in the classical antiquity from their Hellenistic beginnings through the Roman imperial period.
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List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire
This is a list of aqueducts in the Roman Empire.
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List of Graeco-Roman geographers
;Pre-Hellenistic Classical Greece.
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List of Greek and Roman architectural records
The list of ancient architectural records consists of record-making architectural achievements of the Greco-Roman world from c. 800 BC to 600 AD.
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List of largest domes
A dome is a self-supporting structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.
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List of Roman amphitheatres
The remains of at least 230 amphitheatres have been found widely scattered around the area of the Roman Empire.
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List of Roman bridges
The Romans were the world's first major bridge builders.
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List of Roman dams and reservoirs
This is a list of Roman dams and reservoirs.
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List of Roman deities
The Roman deities most familiar today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see interpretatio graeca), integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Empire.
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List of Roman domes
This is a list of Roman domes.
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Livy
Titus Livius Patavinus (64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17) – often rendered as Titus Livy, or simply Livy, in English language sources – was a Roman historian.
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Lugo
Lugo is a city in northwestern Spain in the autonomous community of Galicia.
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Magna Graecia
Magna Graecia (Latin meaning "Great Greece", Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς, Megálē Hellás, Magna Grecia) was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present-day regions of Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily that were extensively populated by Greek settlers; particularly the Achaean settlements of Croton, and Sybaris, and to the north, the settlements of Cumae and Neapolis.
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Maison Carrée
The Maison Carrée (French for "square house") is an ancient building in Nîmes, southern France; it is one of the best preserved Roman temple façades to be found in the territory of the former Roman Empire.
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Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
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Marzabotto
Marzabotto (Medial Mountain Bolognese: Marzabòt) is a small town and comune in Italian region Emilia-Romagna, part of the Metropolitan City of Bologna.
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Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people.
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Mérida, Spain
Mérida (Extremaduran: Méria) is the capital of the autonomous community of Extremadura, western central Spain.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Mica
The mica group of sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having nearly perfect basal cleavage.
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Military history of ancient Rome
The military history of ancient Rome is inseparable from its political system, based from an early date upon competition within the ruling elite.
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Monolithic architecture
Monolithic architecture covers buildings carved, cast or excavated from a single piece of material, in historic forms rock.
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Mortar (masonry)
Mortar is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units together, fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, and sometimes add decorative colors or patterns in masonry walls.
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Mosaic
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials.
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Mosque
A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.
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Municipium
Municipium (pl. municipia) was the Latin term for a town or city.
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Mural
A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surface.
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Nautical Archaeology Society
The Nautical Archaeology Society (NAS) is a charity registered in England and Wales The Nautical Archaeology Society is registered charity number 264209 and in Scotland and is a company limited by guarantee.
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Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.
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Navigation
Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.
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Near East
The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia.
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Necropolis
A necropolis (pl. necropoleis) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments.
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Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century.
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Nero
Nero (Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was the last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
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New World
The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda).
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Obélisque d'Arles
The Obélisque d'Arles ("Arles Obelisk") is a 4th-century Roman obelisk, erected in the center of the Place de la République, in front of the town hall of Arles, France.
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Obelisk
An obelisk (from ὀβελίσκος obeliskos; diminutive of ὀβελός obelos, "spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.
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Obelisk ship
Obelisk ships were ships used to transport obelisks.
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Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin.
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Opus tessellatum
Opus tessellatum is the Latin name for the normal technique of Greek and Roman mosaic, made from tesserae that are larger than about 4 mm.
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Opus vermiculatum
Opus vermiculatum is a method of laying mosaic tesserae to emphasise an outline around a subject.
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Orchestra
An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which mixes instruments from different families, including bowed string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, each grouped in sections.
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Ostia Antica
Ostia Antica is a large archaeological site, close to the modern town of Ostia, that is the location of the harbour city of ancient Rome, 15 miles (25 kilometres) southwest of Rome.
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Outline of ancient Rome
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient Rome: Ancient Rome – former civilization that thrived on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC.
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Outline of architecture
The following outline is an overview and topical guide to architecture: Architecture – the process and the product of designing and constructing buildings.
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Oxford Art Online
Oxford Art Online (formerly known as Grove Art Online, previous to that The Dictionary of Art and often referred to as The Grove Dictionary of Art) is a large encyclopedia of art, now part of the online reference publications of Oxford University Press, and previously a 34-volume printed encyclopedia first published by Grove in 1996 and reprinted with minor corrections in 1998.
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Palace
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.
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Palatine Hill
The Palatine Hill (Collis Palatium or Mons Palatinus; Palatino) is the centremost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city.
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Palladian architecture
Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from and inspired by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580).
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Pantheon, Rome
The Pantheon (or; Pantheum,Although the spelling Pantheon is standard in English, only Pantheum is found in classical Latin; see, for example, Pliny, Natural History: "Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis". See also Oxford Latin Dictionary, s.v. "Pantheum"; Oxford English Dictionary, s.v.: "post-classical Latin pantheon a temple consecrated to all the gods (6th cent.; compare classical Latin pantheum". from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, " of all the gods") is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). It was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. Its date of construction is uncertain, because Hadrian chose not to inscribe the new temple but rather to retain the inscription of Agrippa's older temple, which had burned down. The building is circular with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same,. It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" (Sancta Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda". The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. The Pantheon is a state property, managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism through the Polo Museale del Lazio; in 2013 it was visited by over 6 million people. The Pantheon's large circular domed cella, with a conventional temple portico front, was unique in Roman architecture. Nevertheless, it became a standard exemplar when classical styles were revived, and has been copied many times by later architects.
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Parian marble
Parian marble is a fine-grained semi translucent pure-white and entirely flawless marble quarried during the classical era on the Greek island of Paros in the Aegean Sea.
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Pediment
A pediment is an architectural element found particularly in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture, and its derivatives, consisting of a gable, usually of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the entablature, typically supported by columns.
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Persian gardens
The tradition and style of garden design represented by Persian gardens or Iranian gardens (باغ ایرانی) has influenced the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and beyond.
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Perugia
Perugia (Perusia) is the capital city of both the region of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the river Tiber, and of the province of Perugia.
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Picts
The Picts were a tribal confederation of peoples who lived in what is today eastern and northern Scotland during the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval periods.
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Pilae stacks
Pilae stacks are stacks of pilae tiles, square or round tiles, that were used in Roman times as an element of the underfloor heating system, common in Roman bathhouses, called the hypocaust.
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Plebs
The plebs were, in ancient Rome, the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census.
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Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.
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Pliny the Younger
Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61 – c. 113), better known as Pliny the Younger, was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome.
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Podium
A podium (plural podiums or podia) is a platform used to raise something to a short distance above its surroundings.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Pompeii
Pompeii was an ancient Roman city near modern Naples in the Campania region of Italy, in the territory of the comune of Pompei.
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Pons Fabricius
The Pons Fabricius (Ponte Fabricio, meaning "Fabricius' Bridge") or Ponte dei Quattro Capi, is the oldest Roman bridge in Rome, Italy, still existing in its original state.
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Pont du Gard
The Pont du Gard is an ancient Roman aqueduct that crosses the Gardon River near the town of Vers-Pont-du-Gard in southern France.
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Pont Julien
The Pont Julien (French for Julian Bridge) is a Roman stone arch bridge over the Calavon river, in the south-east of France, dating from 3 BC.
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Portcullis
A portcullis (from the French porte coulissante, "sliding door") is a heavy vertically-closing gate typically found in medieval fortifications, consisting of a latticed grille made of wood, metal, or a combination of the two, which slides down grooves inset within each jamb of the gateway.
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Portico
A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls.
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Portus Adurni
Portus Adurni was a Roman fortress in the Roman province of Britannia situated at the north end of Portsmouth Harbour.
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Post and lintel
In architecture, post and lintel (also called prop and lintel or a trabeated system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them.
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Pozzolana
Pozzolana, also known as pozzolanic ash (pulvis puteolanus in Latin), is a natural siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction).
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Pre-Romanesque art and architecture
Pre-Romanesque art and architecture is the period in European art from either the emergence of the Merovingian kingdom in about 500 CE or from the Carolingian Renaissance in the late 8th century, to the beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period.
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Proscenium
A proscenium (προσκήνιον) is the metaphorical vertical plane of space in a theatre, usually surrounded on the top and sides by a physical proscenium arch (whether or not truly "arched") and on the bottom by the stage floor itself, which serves as the frame into which the audience observes from a more or less unified angle the events taking place upon the stage during a theatrical performance.
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Public bathing
Public baths originated from a communal need for cleanliness at a time when most people did not have access to private bathing facilities.
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Puente Romano, Mérida
The Puente Romano (Spanish for Roman Bridge) is a Roman bridge over the Guadiana River at Mérida, Spain.
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PWA Moderne
PWA Moderne (or "P.W.A. Moderne", PWA/WPA Moderne, Federal Moderne, Depression Moderne, Classical Moderne, Stripped Classicism) is an architectural style of many buildings in the United States completed between 1933 and 1944, during and shortly after the Great Depression as part of relief projects sponsored by the Public Works Administration (PWA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
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Quadriga
A quadriga (Latin quadri-, four, and iugum, yoke) is a car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast (the Roman Empire's equivalent of Ancient Greek tethrippon).
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Race track
A race track (or "racetrack", "racing track" or "racing circuit") is a facility built for racing of vehicles, athletes, or animals (e.g. horse racing or greyhound racing).
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Rectangle
In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles.
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Regency architecture
Regency architecture refers to classical buildings built in Britain during the Regency era in the early 19th century when George IV was Prince Regent, and also to earlier and later buildings following the same style.
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Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in Ancient Rome includes the ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy.
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Rock (geology)
Rock or stone is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
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Roman aqueduct
The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns.
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Roman architectural revolution
The Roman architectural revolution, also known as the Concrete revolution, was the widespread use in Roman architecture of the previously little-used architectural forms of the arch, vault, and dome.
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Roman brick
Roman brick can refer either to a type of brick used in Ancient Roman architecture and spread by the Romans to the lands they conquered; or to a modern type inspired by the ancient prototypes.
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Roman Britain
Roman Britain (Britannia or, later, Britanniae, "the Britains") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410 AD.
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Roman censor
The censor was a magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances.
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Roman commerce
The commerce of the Roman Empire was a major sector of the Roman economy during the early Republic and throughout most of the imperial period.
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Roman concrete
Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was a material used in construction during the late Roman Republic until the fading of the Roman Empire.
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Roman emperor
The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC).
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Roman engineering
Romans are famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments, although some of their own inventions were improvements on older ideas, concepts and inventions.
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Roman Forum
The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome.
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Roman gardens
Roman gardens and ornamental horticulture became highly developed under Roman civilization.
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Roman Gaul
Roman Gaul refers to Gaul under provincial rule in the Roman Empire from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD.
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Roman Italy
"Italia" was the name of the Italian Peninsula during the Roman era.
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Roman legion
A Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription", from legere "to choose") was a large unit of the Roman army.
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Roman magistrate
The Roman magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome.
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Roman military engineering
The military engineering of Ancient Rome's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries'.
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Roman navy
The Roman navy (Classis, lit. "fleet") comprised the naval forces of the Ancient Roman state.
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Roman province
In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) was the basic and, until the Tetrarchy (from 293 AD), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside Italy.
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Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.
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Roman roads
Roman roads (Latin: viae Romanae; singular: via Romana meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.
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Roman temple
Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state.
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Roman temple of Alcántara
The Roman temple of Alcántara is located at one side of the Alcántara Bridge, Cáceres, Extremadura (Spain).
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Roman temple of Vic
The Roman temple of Vic is an ancient Roman temple located in the uptown area of Vic (Street Pare Xifrer), in the heart of Osona, Catalonia (Spain).
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Roman theatre (structure)
Roman theatres derive from and are part of the overall evolution of earlier Greek theatres.
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Roman triumph
The Roman triumph (triumphus) was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly celebrate and sanctify the success of a military commander who had led Roman forces to victory in the service of the state or, originally and traditionally, one who had successfully completed a foreign war.
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Roman villa
A Roman villa was a country house built for the upper class in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, similar in form to the hacienda estates in the colonies of the Spanish Empire.
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Roman walls of Córdoba
The Roman Walls which once surrounded Córdoba, Spain, were built after the Romans captured the city in 206 BC, making it part of the Roman Republic.
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Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.
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Romano-Celtic temple
A Romano-Celtic temple (more specifically a Romano-British temple in Great Britain, or Gallo-Roman temple in the Continental region formerly comprising Gaul) is a sub-class of Roman temple found in the north-western provinces of the Roman Empire.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Roof garden
A roof garden is a garden on the roof of a building.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Sacred architecture
Sacred architecture (also known as religious architecture) is a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space, such as churches, mosques, stupas, synagogues, and temples.
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Sanitation in ancient Rome
Sanitation in ancient Rome was well advanced compared to other ancient cities and was providing water supply and sanitation services to residents of Rome.
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Scaenae frons
The scaenae frons is the elaborately decorated permanent architectural background of a Roman theatre stage.
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Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Seat of local government
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre, (in the UK or Australia) a guildhall, a Rathaus (German), or (more rarely) a municipal building, is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality.
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Semicircle
In mathematics (and more specifically geometry), a semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of a circle.
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Seneca the Younger
Seneca the Younger AD65), fully Lucius Annaeus Seneca and also known simply as Seneca, was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and—in one work—satirist of the Silver Age of Latin literature.
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Sergius Orata
Caius Sergius Orata (fl. c. 95 BC) was an Ancient Roman merchant and hydraulic engineer.
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Servian Wall
The Servian Wall (Murus Servii Tullii; Mura Serviane) was an ancient Roman defensive barrier constructed around the city of Rome in the early 4th century BC.
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Sluice
A sluice (from the Dutch "sluis") is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate.
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Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies
The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (The Roman Society) was founded in 1910 as the sister society to the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
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Spandrel
A spandrel, less often spandril or splaundrel, is the space between two arches or between an arch and a rectangular enclosure.
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Sport
Sport (British English) or sports (American English) includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators.
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Stadium
A stadium (plural stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.
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Stairs
A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps.
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Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements.
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Stoa
A stoa (plural, stoas,"stoa", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., 1989 stoai, or stoae), in ancient Greek architecture, is a covered walkway or portico, commonly for public use.
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Strigil
The strigil is a tool for the cleansing of the body by scraping off dirt, perspiration, and oil that was applied before bathing in Ancient Greek and Roman cultures.
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Stripped Classicism
Stripped Classicism (or "Starved Classicism" or "Grecian Moderne") Jstor is primarily a 20th-century classicist architectural style stripped of most or all ornamentation, frequently employed by governments while designing official buildings.
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Structure
Structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized.
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Stucco
Stucco or render is a material made of aggregates, a binder and water.
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Subiaco Dams
The Subiaco Dams were a group of three Roman gravity dams at Subiaco, Lazio, Italy, devised as pleasure lakes for emperor Nero (54–68 AD).
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Sulla
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC – 78 BC), known commonly as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman.
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Sussex
Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex.
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Taberna
A taberna (plural tabernae) was a single room shop covered by a barrel vault within great indoor markets of ancient Rome.
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Temple of Claudius
The Temple of Claudius, also variously known as the Temple of the Divus Claudius, the Temple of the Divine Claudius and the Temple of the Deified Claudius, was an ancient structure that covered a large area to the south of the Colosseum in Rome, Italy.
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Temple of Hercules Victor
The Temple of Hercules Victor ('Hercules the Winner') (Tempio di Ercole Vincitore) or Hercules Olivarius is a Roman temple in Piazza Bocca della Verità, in the area of the Forum Boarium close to the Tiber in Rome.
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Temple of Portunus
The Temple of Portunus (Tempio di Portuno) or Temple of Fortuna Virilis ("manly fortune") is a Roman temple in Rome, one of the best preserved of all Roman temples.
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Terracotta
Terracotta, terra cotta or terra-cotta (Italian: "baked earth", from the Latin terra cocta), a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.
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Tessera
A tessera (plural: tesserae, diminutive tessella) is an individual tile, usually formed in the shape of a cube, used in creating a mosaic.
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The Five Orders of Architecture
The Five Orders of Architecture (Regola delle cinque ordini d'architettura) is a book on classical architecture by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola from 1562, and is considered "one of the most successful architectural textbooks ever written", despite having no text apart from the notes and the introduction.
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The Journal of Hellenic Studies
The Journal of Hellenic Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research in Hellenic studies.
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Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing.
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Titus
Titus (Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81.
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Tivoli, Lazio
Tivoli (Tibur) is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, about east-north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine hills.
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Tower of Hercules
The Tower of Hercules (Galician and Torre de Hércules) is an ancient Roman lighthouse on a peninsula about from the centre of A Coruña, Galicia, in north-western Spain.
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Trajan
Trajan (Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajanus Divi Nervae filius Augustus; 18 September 538August 117 AD) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117AD.
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Trajan's Bridge
Trajan's Bridge (Podul lui Traian; Трајанов мост, Trajanov Most) or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first bridge to be built over the lower Danube and one of the greatest achievements in Roman architecture.
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Trajan's Column
Trajan's Column (Colonna Traiana, COLVMNA·TRAIANI) is a Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy, that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.
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Trajan's Forum
Trajan's Forum (Forum Traiani; Foro di Traiano) was the last of the Imperial fora to be constructed in ancient Rome.
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Travertine
Travertine is a form of limestone deposited by mineral springs, especially hot springs.
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Tribune
Tribune was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome.
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Triclinium
A triclinium (plural: triclinia) is a formal dining room in a Roman building.
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Trier
Trier (Tréier), formerly known in English as Treves (Trèves) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle.
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Triumphal arch
A triumphal arch is a monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road.
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Triumphal Arch of Orange
The Triumphal Arch of Orange (Arc de triomphe d'Orange) is a triumphal arch located in the town of Orange, southeast France.
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Trompe-l'œil
Trompe-l'œil (French for "deceive the eye", pronounced) is an art technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions.
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Tropaeum Traiani
The Tropaeum Traiani is a monument in Roman Civitas Tropaensium (site of modern Adamclisi, Romania), built in 109 in then Moesia Inferior, to commemorate Roman Emperor Trajan's victory over the Dacians, in the winter of 101-102, in the Battle of Adamclisi.
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Truss
In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object".
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Turin
Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Turkish bath
A Turkish bath (hamam, translit) is a type of public bathing associated with the culture of the Ottoman Empire and more widely the Islamic world.
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Tuscan order
The Tuscan order is in effect a simplified Doric order, with un-fluted columns and a simpler entablature with no triglyphs or guttae.
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Typography
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed.
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Underfloor heating
Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling which achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using conduction, radiation and convection.
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United States Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building, is the home of the United States Congress, and the seat of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government.
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Vaison-la-Romaine
Vaison-la-Romaine (Latin: Vasio Vocontiorum) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.The French archaeologist and hellenist Henri Metzger (1912–2007) died here.
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Vault (architecture)
Vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof.
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Verona Arena
The Verona Arena (Arena di Verona) is a Roman amphitheatre in Piazza Bra in Verona, Italy built in the first century.
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Victoria (mythology)
Victoria, in ancient Roman religion, was the personified goddess of victory.
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Victory column
A victory column—or monumental column or triumphal column—is a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a victorious battle, war, or revolution.
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Villa of the Mysteries
The Villa of the Mysteries (Villa dei Misteri) is a well-preserved suburban Roman villa on the outskirts of Pompeii, southern Italy, famous for the series of frescos in one room, which are usually thought to show the initiation of a young woman into a Greco-Roman mystery cult.
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Villa of the Papyri
The Villa of the Papyri (Villa dei Papiri, also known as Villa dei Pisoni) is named after its unique library of papyri (or scrolls), but is also one of the most luxurious houses in all of Herculaneum and in the Roman world.
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Villa rustica
Villa rustica (countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate (latifundium).
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Vitruvius
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De architectura.
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Volterra
Volterra is a walled mountaintop town in the Tuscany region of Italy of which its history dates to before the 7th century BC and has substantial structures from the Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval periods.
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Vomitorium
A vomitorium is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheatre or a stadium, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at the end of a performance.
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Votum
In ancient Roman religion, a votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity.
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Voussoir
A voussoir is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault.
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Wars of Alexander the Great
The wars of Alexander the Great were fought by King Alexander III of Macedon ("The Great"), first against the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Darius III, and then against local chieftains and warlords as far east as Punjab, India.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.
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Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
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Watermill
A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower.
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Western Roman Empire
In historiography, the Western Roman Empire refers to the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with that administering the eastern half, then referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.
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Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.
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York city walls
York has, since Roman times, been defended by walls of one form or another.
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Redirects here:
Ancient Roman dwellings, Ancient Rome architecture, Ancient roman architecture, Architecture in ancient Rome, Architecture of ancient Rome, Roman Architecture, Roman architecture, Roman building, Roman building materials, Roman monument, Roman monuments.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture
