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63 relations: Abstract and concrete, Analytic philosophy, Arend Heyting, Brain in a vat, Causality, Constructivist epistemology, Context principle, Crispin Wright, Direct and indirect realism, Disjunction and existence properties, Electron, Entity, Epistemology, Future, Gödel's incompleteness theorems, Gene, Gottlob Frege, Hartry Field, Idealism, Indeterminacy (philosophy), Instrumentalism, Intuition, Intuitionism, Intuitionistic logic, Jerrold Katz, L. E. J. Brouwer, Law of excluded middle, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Mathematical object, Mathematical universe hypothesis, Münchhausen trilemma, Michael Dummett, Model theory, Naturalism (philosophy), Neil Tennant (philosopher), Nominalism, Objectivity (philosophy), Past, Paul Benacerraf, Perception, Phenomenalism, Philosophical Investigations, Philosophical realism, Philosophy of mathematics, Philosophy of science, Physical body, Platonism, Problem of other minds, Quasi-realism, Reductionism, ..., Roger Penrose, Science, Sense data, Simon Blackburn, Skepticism, Structuralism (philosophy of mathematics), Symbol, Symbol grounding problem, The Emperor's New Mind, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Theory, Truth, Wilfrid Sellars. Expand index (13 more) »
Abstract and concrete
Abstract and concrete are classifications that denote whether a term describes an object with a physical referent or one with no physical referents.
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Analytic philosophy
Analytic philosophy (sometimes analytical philosophy) is a style of philosophy that became dominant in the Western world at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Arend Heyting
__notoc__ Arend Heyting (9 May 1898 – 9 July 1980) was a Dutch mathematician and logician.
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Brain in a vat
In philosophy, the brain in a vat (alternately known as brain in a jar) is a scenario used in a variety of thought experiments intended to draw out certain features of human conceptions of knowledge, reality, truth, mind, consciousness and meaning.
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Causality
Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.
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Constructivist epistemology
Constructivist epistemology is a branch in philosophy of science maintaining that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, who seek to measure and construct models of the natural world.
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Context principle
In the philosophy of language, the context principle is a form of semantic holism holding that a philosopher should "never...
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Crispin Wright
Crispin James Garth Wright (born 1942) is a British philosopher, who has written on neo-Fregean (neo-logicist) philosophy of mathematics, Wittgenstein's later philosophy, and on issues related to truth, realism, cognitivism, skepticism, knowledge, and objectivity.
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Direct and indirect realism
The question of direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, arises in the philosophy of perception and of mind out of the debate over the nature of conscious experience;Lehar, Steve.
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Disjunction and existence properties
In mathematical logic, the disjunction and existence properties are the "hallmarks" of constructive theories such as Heyting arithmetic and constructive set theories (Rathjen 2005).
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Entity
An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not.
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Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Future
The future is what will happen in the time after the present.
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Gödel's incompleteness theorems
Gödel's incompleteness theorems are two theorems of mathematical logic that demonstrate the inherent limitations of every formal axiomatic system containing basic arithmetic.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gottlob Frege
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.
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Hartry Field
Hartry H. Field (born November 30, 1946) is an American philosopher.
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Idealism
In philosophy, idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.
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Indeterminacy (philosophy)
Indeterminacy, in philosophy, can refer both to common scientific and mathematical concepts of uncertainty and their implications and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of definition or meaning.
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Instrumentalism
Instrumentalism is one of a multitude of modern schools of thought created by scientists and philosophers throughout the 20th century.
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Intuition
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without proof, evidence, or conscious reasoning, or without understanding how the knowledge was acquired.
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Intuitionism
In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach where mathematics is considered to be purely the result of the constructive mental activity of humans rather than the discovery of fundamental principles claimed to exist in an objective reality.
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Intuitionistic logic
Intuitionistic logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by more closely mirroring the notion of constructive proof.
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Jerrold Katz
Jerrold J. Katz (14 July 1932, Washington, D.C.7 February 2002, New York) was an American philosopher and linguist.
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L. E. J. Brouwer
Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (27 February 1881 – 2 December 1966), usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher, who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis.
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Law of excluded middle
In logic, the law of excluded middle (or the principle of excluded middle) states that for any proposition, either that proposition is true or its negation is true.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
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Mathematical object
A mathematical object is an abstract object arising in mathematics.
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Mathematical universe hypothesis
In physics and cosmology, the mathematical universe hypothesis (MUH), also known as the ultimate ensemble theory, is a speculative "theory of everything" (TOE) proposed by the cosmologist Max Tegmark.
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Münchhausen trilemma
In epistemology, the Münchhausen trilemma is a thought experiment used to demonstrate the impossibility of proving any truth, even in the fields of logic and mathematics.
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Michael Dummett
Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett, FBA (27 June 192527 December 2011) was an English philosopher, described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and equality." He was, until 1992, Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford.
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Model theory
In mathematics, model theory is the study of classes of mathematical structures (e.g. groups, fields, graphs, universes of set theory) from the perspective of mathematical logic.
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Naturalism (philosophy)
In philosophy, naturalism is the "idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world." Adherents of naturalism (i.e., naturalists) assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that the changing universe at every stage is a product of these laws.
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Neil Tennant (philosopher)
Neil Tennant (born 1 March 1950 in South Africa) is an American philosopher.
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Nominalism
In metaphysics, nominalism is a philosophical view which denies the existence of universals and abstract objects, but affirms the existence of general or abstract terms and predicates.
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Objectivity (philosophy)
Objectivity is a central philosophical concept, objective means being independent of the perceptions thus objectivity means the property of being independent from the perceptions, which has been variously defined by sources.
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Past
The past is the set of all events that occurred before a given point in time.
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Paul Benacerraf
Paul Joseph Salomon Paul Benacerraf (born 1931) is a French-born American philosopher working in the field of the philosophy of mathematics who has been teaching at Princeton University since he joined the faculty in 1960.
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Perception
Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
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Phenomenalism
Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects cannot justifiably be said to exist in themselves, but only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli (e.g. redness, hardness, softness, sweetness, etc.) situated in time and in space.
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Philosophical Investigations
Philosophical Investigations (Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, first published, posthumously, in 1953, in which Wittgenstein discusses numerous problems and puzzles in the fields of semantics, logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of action, and philosophy of mind.
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Philosophical realism
Realism (in philosophy) about a given object is the view that this object exists in reality independently of our conceptual scheme.
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Philosophy of mathematics
The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics, and purports to provide a viewpoint of the nature and methodology of mathematics, and to understand the place of mathematics in people's lives.
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Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.
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Physical body
In physics, a physical body or physical object (or simply a body or object) is an identifiable collection of matter, which may be constrained by an identifiable boundary, and may move as a unit by translation or rotation, in 3-dimensional space.
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Platonism
Platonism, rendered as a proper noun, is the philosophy of Plato or the name of other philosophical systems considered closely derived from it.
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Problem of other minds
The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological challenge raised by the skeptic: given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds? It is a central tenet of the philosophical idea known as solipsism; the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist.
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Quasi-realism
Quasi-realism is the meta-ethical view which claims that.
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Reductionism
Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other simpler or more fundamental phenomena.
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Roger Penrose
Sir Roger Penrose (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Sense data
In the philosophy of perception, the theory of sense data was a popular view held in the early 20th century by philosophers such as Bertrand Russell, C. D. Broad, H. H. Price, A. J. Ayer, and G. E. Moore.
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Simon Blackburn
Simon Blackburn (born 12 July 1944) is an English academic philosopher known for his work in metaethics, where he defends quasi-realism, and in the philosophy of language; more recently, he has gained a large general audience from his efforts to popularise philosophy.
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Skepticism
Skepticism (American English) or scepticism (British English, Australian English) is generally any questioning attitude or doubt towards one or more items of putative knowledge or belief.
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Structuralism (philosophy of mathematics)
Structuralism is a theory in the philosophy of mathematics that holds that mathematical theories describe structures of mathematical objects.
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Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship.
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Symbol grounding problem
The symbol grounding problem is related to the problem of how words (symbols) get their meanings, and hence to the problem of what meaning itself really is.
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The Emperor's New Mind
The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics is a 1989 book by mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose.
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The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy
The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (1994; second edition 2008; third edition 2016) is a dictionary of philosophy by Simon Blackburn, published by Oxford University Press.
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Theory
A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking.
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Truth
Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard.
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Wilfrid Sellars
Wilfrid Stalker Sellars (May 20, 1912 – July 2, 1989) was an American philosopher and prominent developer of critical realism, who "revolutionized both the content and the method of philosophy in the United States".
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Redirects here:
Anti realism, Anti-realist, Anti-reality, Antirealism, Realism versus anti-realism, Scientific anti-realism.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-realism
