Table of Contents
439 relations: ABC News (Australia), Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Abdullah Ensour, Abdullah II of Jordan, Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Absolute monarchy, Abu Kamal, Activism, Adam Roberts (scholar), Aden, Adly Mansour, Afrol, Agence France-Presse, Ahmed Mansoor, Ahmed Nazif, Ahmed Shafik, Ajdabiya, Al Islah (United Arab Emirates), Al Jazeera English, Al Jazeera Media Network, Al Sumaria, Al-Azhar Mosque, Al-Hasakah, Al-Hirak, Syria, Al-Islah (Yemen), Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, Aleppo, Algeria, Ali Abdullah Saleh, Ali Gomaa, Ali Muhammad Mujawar, America (magazine), American University, Amnesty International, Andrey Korotayev, Antonio Gramsci, April 6 Youth Movement, Arab Cold War, Arab League, Arab nationalism, Arab News, Arab Revolt, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Arab Spring concurrent incidents, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Arab Winter, Arab world, Arabs, ... Expand index (389 more) »
- 2010 in Africa
- 2010 in Asia
- 2010 protests
- 2010s coups d'état and coup attempts
- 2011 in Africa
- 2011 in Asia
- 2012 in Africa
- 21st-century revolutions
- Intifadas
- Revolutionary waves
ABC News (Australia)
ABC News, also known as ABC News and Current Affairs and overseas as ABC Australia, is a public news service produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
See Arab Spring and ABC News (Australia)
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Būtaflīqa; 2 March 1937 – 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as the seventh president of Algeria from 1999 to his resignation in 2019.
See Arab Spring and Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi (translit Yemeni pronunciation:; born 1 September 1945) is a Yemeni politician and former field marshal of the Yemeni Armed Forces who served as the president of Yemen from 2012 until 2022, when he stepped down and transferred executive authority to the Presidential Leadership Council, with Rashad al-Alimi as its chairman.
See Arab Spring and Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
Abdullah Ensour
Abdullah Ensour (عبد الله النسور; born 20 January 1939) is a Jordanian economist who served as the 40th Prime Minister of Jordan between October 2012 and May 2016.
See Arab Spring and Abdullah Ensour
Abdullah II of Jordan
Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, having ascended the throne on 7 February 1999.
See Arab Spring and Abdullah II of Jordan
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (عبد الله بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Saʿūd, Najdi Arabic pronunciation:; 1 August 1924 – 23 January 2015) was King and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 1 August 2005 until his death in 2015.
See Arab Spring and Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.
See Arab Spring and Absolute monarchy
Abu Kamal
Abu Kamal (ʾAbū Kamāl) or Al-Bukamal (al-Būkamāl) is a city on the Euphrates river in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria near the border with Iraq.
Activism
Activism (or advocacy) consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived greater good.
Adam Roberts (scholar)
Sir Adam Roberts (born 29 August 1940) is Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford, a senior research fellow in Oxford University's Department of Politics and International Relations, and an emeritus fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
See Arab Spring and Adam Roberts (scholar)
Aden
Aden (Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩵𐩬) is a port city located in Yemen in the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, positioned near the eastern approach to the Red Sea.
Adly Mansour
Adly Mahmoud Mansour (عدلى محمود منصور,; born 23 December 1945) is an Egyptian judge and politician who served as the president (or chief justice) of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Adly Mansour
Afrol
afrol News is an independent news agency, established in 2000, that exclusively covers the African continent, publishing an online news portal in the English, French, Spanish and Portuguese languages.
Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
See Arab Spring and Agence France-Presse
Ahmed Mansoor
Ahmed Mansoor Al Shehhi is an Emirati blogger, human rights and reform activist arrested in 2011 for defamation and insults to the heads of state and tried in the UAE Five trial.
See Arab Spring and Ahmed Mansoor
Ahmed Nazif
Ahmed Nazif (أحمد نظيف,; born 8 July 1952) served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 14 July 2004 to 29 January 2011, when his cabinet was dismissed by President Hosni Mubarak in light of a popular uprising that led to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
See Arab Spring and Ahmed Nazif
Ahmed Shafik
Air Marshal Ahmed Mohamed Shafik ZakiAlso spelled: Shafiq.
See Arab Spring and Ahmed Shafik
Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya.
Al Islah (United Arab Emirates)
Al Islah was an Islamist group based in the United Arab Emirates that was highly affiliated and considered part of the Muslim Brotherhood.
See Arab Spring and Al Islah (United Arab Emirates)
Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.
See Arab Spring and Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; The Peninsula) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered at Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar.
See Arab Spring and Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Sumaria
Alsumaria News (السومرية نيوز) is an independent Iraqi satellite TV network that transmits on Nilesat 102, Hot Bird 8, and NOORSAT/Eurobird.
See Arab Spring and Al Sumaria
Al-Azhar Mosque
Al-Azhar Mosque (lit, Gāmiʿ el-ʾazhar), known in Egypt simply as al-Azhar, is a mosque in Cairo, Egypt in the historic Islamic core of the city.
See Arab Spring and Al-Azhar Mosque
Al-Hasakah
Al-Hasakah (al-Ḥasaka; Heseke/حەسەکە; ܚܣܝܟܐ Hasake) is the capital city of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in the northeastern corner of Syria.
See Arab Spring and Al-Hasakah
Al-Hirak, Syria
Al-Hirak (الحراك also spelled al-Hrak or Herak) is a town in southern Syria, administratively belonging to the Izra' District of the Daraa Governorate.
See Arab Spring and Al-Hirak, Syria
Al-Islah (Yemen)
The Yemeni Congregation for Reform, frequently called al-Islah (at-Tajammu’u al-Yamanī lil-Iṣlāḥ), is a Yemeni Sunni Islamist movement established in 1990 by Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar, Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, Abdul Majeed al-Zindani, with Ali Saleh's blessing.
See Arab Spring and Al-Islah (Yemen)
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate.
Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (the Base in the Arabian Peninsula or تنظيمقاعدة الجهاد في جزيرة العرب, Tanẓīm Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab, "Organization of Jihad's Base in the Arabian Peninsula"), abbreviated as AQAP, also known as Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen (جماعة أنصار الشريعة, Jamā‘at Anṣār ash-Sharī‘ah, "Group of the Helpers of the Sharia"), is a Sunni Islamist insurgent extremist group, which is part of the al-Qaeda network and primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.
See Arab Spring and Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Aleppo
Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Ali Abdullah Saleh
Ali Abdullah Saleh al-Ahmar (Arabic:, ʿAlī ʿAbdullāh Ṣāliḥ al-Aḥmar; 21 March 1947There is a dispute as to Saleh's date of birth, some saying that it was on 21 March 1942. See: However, by Saleh's own confession (an interview recorded in a YouTube video), he was born in 1947.--> – 4 December 2017) was a Yemeni politician who served as the first President of the Republic of Yemen, from Yemeni unification on 22 May 1990, to his resignation on 27 February 2012, following the Yemeni revolution.
See Arab Spring and Ali Abdullah Saleh
Ali Gomaa
Ali Gomaa (علي جمعة, Egyptian Arabic) is an Egyptian Islamic scholar, jurist, and public figure who has taken a number of controversial political stances.
Ali Muhammad Mujawar
Ali Mohammed Mujawar (Arabic: علي محمد مجور; born 26 April 1953) served as Prime Minister of Yemen between 7 April 2007 and 10 December 2011, and prior as electricity minister.
See Arab Spring and Ali Muhammad Mujawar
America (magazine)
America is a monthly Catholic magazine published by the Jesuits of the United States and headquartered in midtown Manhattan.
See Arab Spring and America (magazine)
American University
American University (AU or American) is a private federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Its main campus spans 90 acres (36 ha) on Ward Circle, mostly in the Spring Valley neighborhood of Northwest D.C. American University was chartered by an Act of Congress in 1893 at the urging of Methodist bishop John Fletcher Hurst, who sought to create an institution that would promote public service, internationalism, and pragmatic idealism.
See Arab Spring and American University
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
See Arab Spring and Amnesty International
Andrey Korotayev
Andrey Vitalievich Korotayev (Андре́й Вита́льевич Корота́ев; born 17 February 1961) is a Russian anthropologist, economic historian, comparative political scientist, demographer and sociologist, with major contributions to world-systems theory, cross-cultural studies, Near Eastern history, Big History, and mathematical modelling of social and economic macrodynamics.
See Arab Spring and Andrey Korotayev
Antonio Gramsci
Antonio Francesco Gramsci (22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician.
See Arab Spring and Antonio Gramsci
April 6 Youth Movement
The April 6 Youth Movement (حركة شباب 6 أبريل) is an Egyptian activist group established in Spring 2008 to support the workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, an industrial town, who were planning to strike on 6 April.
See Arab Spring and April 6 Youth Movement
Arab Cold War
The Arab Cold War (الحرب العربية الباردة al-ḥarb al-`arabiyyah al-bāridah) was a political rivalry in the Arab world from the early 1950s to the late 1970s and a part of the wider Cold War. Arab Spring and Arab Cold War are history of the Middle East.
See Arab Spring and Arab Cold War
Arab League
The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization in the Arab world.
See Arab Spring and Arab League
Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
See Arab Spring and Arab nationalism
Arab News
Arab News is an English-language daily newspaper published in Saudi Arabia.
Arab Revolt
The Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية), also known as the Great Arab Revolt, was an armed uprising by the Hashemite-led Arabs of the Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire amidst the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On the basis of the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, exchanged between Henry McMahon of the United Kingdom and Hussein bin Ali of the Kingdom of Hejaz, the rebellion against the ruling Turks was officially initiated at Mecca on 10 June 1916.
See Arab Spring and Arab Revolt
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region (حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي – قطر سوريا Ḥizb al-Ba'th al-'Arabī al-Ishtirākī – Quṭr Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Regional Branch (Syria being a "region" of the Arab nation in Ba'ath ideology), is a neo-Ba'athist organisation founded on 7 April 1947 by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar and followers of Zaki al-Arsuzi. Arab Spring and Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region are history of the Middle East.
See Arab Spring and Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
Arab Spring concurrent incidents
The Arab Spring unrests and revolutions unfolded in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain, and in the rest of the region, some becoming violent, some facing strong suppression efforts, and some resulting in political changes. Arab Spring and Arab Spring concurrent incidents are 2010 in Africa, 2010 in Asia, 2010 protests, 2011 in Africa, 2011 in Asia, 2011 protests, 2012 in Africa, 2012 in Asia, 2012 protests, history of the Middle East, Internet censorship and protest marches.
See Arab Spring and Arab Spring concurrent incidents
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf or the Arab Gulf states (دول الخليج العربي) refers to a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf.
See Arab Spring and Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab Winter
The Arab Winter (ash-shitāʼ al-ʻarabī) is a term referring to the resurgence of authoritarianism and Islamic extremism in some Arab countries in the 2010s in the aftermath of the Arab Spring protests. Arab Spring and Arab Winter are history of North Africa, history of the Middle East and revolutionary waves.
See Arab Spring and Arab Winter
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
See Arab Spring and Arab world
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Arbitrary arrest and detention
Arbitrary arrest and arbitrary detention is the arrest or detention of an individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law or order.
See Arab Spring and Arbitrary arrest and detention
Armed Forces & Society
Armed Forces & Society is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic publication that publishes articles and book reviews on a wide variety of topics including civil–military relations, military sociology, veterans, military psychology, military institutions, conflict management, peacekeeping, conflict resolution, military contracting, terrorism, gender related issues, military families and military ethics.
See Arab Spring and Armed Forces & Society
Asef Bayat
Asef Bayat (آصف بیات) is an Iranian-American scholar.
See Arab Spring and Asef Bayat
Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
(lit) is a political slogan associated with the Arab Spring.
See Arab Spring and Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
Asharq Al-Awsat
Asharq Al-Awsat (Aš-Šarq al-ʾAwsaṭ, meaning "The Middle East") is an Arabic international newspaper headquartered in London.
See Arab Spring and Asharq Al-Awsat
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
See Arab Spring and Authoritarianism
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.
Awn Al-Khasawneh
Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh (عون الخصاونة; born 22 February 1950) is a Jordanian former politician and judge who was the 39th Prime Minister of Jordan, serving from October 2011 to April 2012.
See Arab Spring and Awn Al-Khasawneh
Bab al-Azizia
Bab al-Azizia was a military barracks and compound situated in the southern suburbs of Tripoli, the capital of Libya.
See Arab Spring and Bab al-Azizia
Bahrain
Bahrain (Two Seas, locally), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia.
Bahrain Defence Force
The Bahrain Defence Force (قوة دفاع البحرين, abbreviated BDF) is the military force of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
See Arab Spring and Bahrain Defence Force
Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
The Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI), also known locally in Bahrain as the Bassiouni Commission, was established by the King of Bahrain on 29 June 2011Bahrain News Agency,, 'International Reaction' Bahrain News Agency, 29 June 2011 tasked with looking into the incidents that occurred during the period of unrest in Bahrain in February and March 2011 and the consequences of these events.
See Arab Spring and Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
Bani Walid
Bani Walid (Anglicized:; Banī Walīd, Libyan pronunciation) is a city in Libya located in the Misrata District.
See Arab Spring and Bani Walid
Baniyas
Baniyas (بَانِيَاس) is a Mediterranean coastal city in Tartous Governorate, northwestern Syria, located south of Latakia and north of Tartous.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
See Arab Spring and Barack Obama
Bashar al-Assad
Bashar al-Assad (born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who is the current and 19th president of Syria since 17 July 2000.
See Arab Spring and Bashar al-Assad
Battle of Bani Walid
The Battle of Bani Walid was a military operation in the Libyan Civil War conducted by anti-Gaddafi forces in September and October 2011, in an effort to take control of the desert city of Bani Walid from pro-Gaddafi forces.
See Arab Spring and Battle of Bani Walid
Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road
The Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road was a battle during the Libyan Civil War between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the towns of Brega and Ajdabiya respectively and the Libyan Coastal Highway between them.
See Arab Spring and Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road
Battle of Misrata (2011)
The battle of Misrata (معركة مصراتة), also known as the siege of Misrata, was a battle of the 2011 Libyan Civil War for the control of Misrata.
See Arab Spring and Battle of Misrata (2011)
Battle of Sabha
The Battle of Sabha took place between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the desert oasis city of Sabha and a part of the Libyan Civil War.
See Arab Spring and Battle of Sabha
Battle of Sirte (2011)
The Battle of Sirte was the final and most decisive battle of the First Libyan Civil War, beginning when the National Liberation Army attacked the last remnants of the Libyan army still loyal to Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown and designated capital of Sirte, on the Gulf of Sidra.
See Arab Spring and Battle of Sirte (2011)
Battle of Tripoli (2011)
The Battle of Tripoli (ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ), sometimes referred to as the Fall of Tripoli (سقوط طرابلس), was a military confrontation in Tripoli, Libya, between loyalists of Muammar Gaddafi, the longtime leader of Libya, and the National Transitional Council, which was attempting to overthrow Gaddafi and take control of the capital.
See Arab Spring and Battle of Tripoli (2011)
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Beji Caid Essebsi
Beji Caid Essebsi (or es-Sebsi; translit,; 29 November 1926 – 25 July 2019) served as the fifth president of Tunisia from 31 December 2014 until his death on 25 July 2019.
See Arab Spring and Beji Caid Essebsi
Benghazi
Benghazi (lit. Son of Ghazi) is the second-most-populous city in Libya as well as the largest city in Cyrenaica, with an estimated population of 1,207,250 in 2020.
Bloody Thursday (Bahrain)
Bloody Thursday (خميس البحرين الدامي) is the name given by Bahraini protesters to 17 February 2011, the fourth day of the Bahraini uprising as part of the Arab Spring.
See Arab Spring and Bloody Thursday (Bahrain)
Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
See Arab Spring and Bloomberg L.P.
Borders of Israel
The modern borders of Israel exist as the result both of past wars and of diplomatic agreements between the State of Israel and its neighbours, as well as an effect of the agreements among colonial powers ruling in the region before Israel's creation.
See Arab Spring and Borders of Israel
Brega
Brega, also known as Mersa Brega or Marsa al-Brega (مرسى البريقة, i.e. "Brega Seaport"), is a complex of several smaller towns, industry installations and education establishments situated in Libya on the Gulf of Sidra, the most southerly point of the Mediterranean Sea.
Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
The Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (الأخ القائد ومرشد الثورة الجماهرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى) was a title held by former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who claimed to be merely a symbolic figurehead of the country's official governance structure.
See Arab Spring and Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
Cabinet of Bahrain
The Cabinet of Bahrain is the chief executive body of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
See Arab Spring and Cabinet of Bahrain
Cairo
Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.
Capital punishment in Egypt
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Capital punishment in Egypt
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States.
See Arab Spring and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Casualties of the 2011 Bahraini uprising and its aftermath
As of 15 March 2013, the Bahraini uprising of 2011 and its aftermath resulted in 122 deaths.
See Arab Spring and Casualties of the 2011 Bahraini uprising and its aftermath
Civil disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, and professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority).
See Arab Spring and Civil disobedience
Civil resistance
Civil resistance is a form of political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by ordinary people to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.
See Arab Spring and Civil resistance
Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere.
See Arab Spring and Civil society
Civil war
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
Collective intelligence
Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence (GI) that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.
See Arab Spring and Collective intelligence
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
See Arab Spring and Colonialism
Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.
See Arab Spring and Condoleezza Rice
Connectionism
Connectionism (coined by Edward Thorndike in the 1931) is the name of an approach to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks.
See Arab Spring and Connectionism
Constitution of Egypt
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law of Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Constitution of Egypt
Constitution of Yemen
The Constitution of Yemen was ratified by popular referendum on May 16, 1991.
See Arab Spring and Constitution of Yemen
Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia
The Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia (Maǧlis aš-Šūrā s-Saʿūdiyy), also known as Majlis ash-Shura or The Shura Council, is the formal advisory body of Saudi Arabia.
See Arab Spring and Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia
Coptic Orthodox Church
The Coptic Orthodox Church (lit), also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Coptic Orthodox Church
Corn ethanol
Corn ethanol is ethanol produced from corn biomass and is the main source of ethanol fuel in the United States, mandated to be blended with gasoline in the Renewable Fuel Standard.
See Arab Spring and Corn ethanol
Council on Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations.
See Arab Spring and Council on Foreign Relations
Counter-revolutionary
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part.
See Arab Spring and Counter-revolutionary
Crossing Continents
Crossing Continents is a half-hour BBC Radio 4 documentary strand focusing on foreign affairs issues.
See Arab Spring and Crossing Continents
Crowd psychology
A category of social psychology known as "crowd psychology," or "mob psychology," examines how the psychology of a group of people differs from the psychology of any one person within the group.
See Arab Spring and Crowd psychology
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
The crown prince of Saudi Arabia (ولي عهد المملكة العربية السعودية.) is the second-most important position in Saudi Arabia, second to the King, and is his designated successor.
See Arab Spring and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Dafna Hochman Rand
Dafna Hochman Rand is U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
See Arab Spring and Dafna Hochman Rand
Damascus
Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.
Daraa
Daraa (Darʿā, Levantine Arabic:, also Darʿā, Dara’a, Deraa, Dera'a, Dera, Derʿā and Edrei; means "fortress", compare Dura-Europos) is a city in southwestern Syria, located about north of the border with Jordan.
Day of Rage (Bahrain)
The Day of Rage (translit) is the name given by protesters in Bahrain to 14 February 2011, the first day of the national uprising as part of the Arab Spring. Arab Spring and day of Rage (Bahrain) are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and Day of Rage (Bahrain)
Death of Abdulredha Buhmaid
Abdulredha Mohamed Hasan Buhmaid (or Buhamaid, عبدالرضا محمد حسن بوحميد) was a 28-year-old Bahraini protester shot by a live bullet in the head on 18 February 2011.
See Arab Spring and Death of Abdulredha Buhmaid
Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed
Khaled Mohamed Saeed (خالد محمد سعيد; 27 January 1982 – 6 June 2010) was an Egyptian man whose death in police custody in the Sidi Gaber area of Alexandria on 6 June 2010 helped incite the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
See Arab Spring and Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed
Defection
In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state.
Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez-Zor (Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, Dayrāʾ Zəʿōrtāʾ) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country.
See Arab Spring and Deir ez-Zor
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
The state of Democracy in Middle East and North Africa can be comparatively assessed according to various definitions of democracy.
See Arab Spring and Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
Democratic Constitutional Rally
The Democratic Constitutional Rally or Democratic Constitutional Assembly (التجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي, Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique, sometimes also called Constitutional Democratic Rally in English), also referred to by its French initials RCD, formerly called Neo Destour then Socialist Destourian Party, was the ruling party in Tunisia from independence in 1956 until it was overthrown and dissolved in the Tunisian revolution in 2011.
See Arab Spring and Democratic Constitutional Rally
Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.
See Arab Spring and Democratization
Demographic trap
According to the Encyclopedia of International Development, the term demographic trap is used by demographers "to describe the combination of high fertility (birth rates) and declining mortality (death rates) in developing countries, resulting in a period of high population growth rate (PGR)."Forsyth, Tim.
See Arab Spring and Demographic trap
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations.
See Arab Spring and Dictatorship
Djibouti
Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east.
Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war
The early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war lasted from late July 2011 to April 2012, and was associated with the rise of armed oppositional militias across Syria and the beginning of armed rebellion against the authorities of the Syrian Arab Republic.
See Arab Spring and Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war
Economic freedom
Economic freedom, or economic liberty, refers to the agency of people to make economic decisions.
See Arab Spring and Economic freedom
Economic stagnation
Economic stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth), usually accompanied by high unemployment.
See Arab Spring and Economic stagnation
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Egyptian Armed Forces
The Egyptian Armed Forces (alquwwat almusalahat almisria, Egyptian (Coptic): ⲠⲐⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲓ) are the military forces of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Egyptian Armed Forces
Egyptian Constitution of 1971
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt was the former constitution of Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Egyptian Constitution of 1971
Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
The Egyptian Crisis was a period that started with the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and ended with beginning of the presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in 2014.
See Arab Spring and Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights
The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights or EIPR (المبادرة المصرية للحقوق الشخصية) is an independent Egyptian human rights organization, established in 2002.
See Arab Spring and Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights
El Mahalla El Kubra
El Mahalla El Kubra (المحلة الكبرى) – commonly shortened to – is the largest city of the Gharbia Governorate and in the Nile Delta, with a population of 535,278 as of 2012. It is a large industrial and agricultural city in Egypt, located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta Branch tributary.
See Arab Spring and El Mahalla El Kubra
Elections in Yemen
Elections in Yemen take place within the framework of a presidential system, with both the President and House of Representatives elected by the public.
See Arab Spring and Elections in Yemen
Elias Khoury
Elias Khoury (إلياس خوري; born 12 July 1948) is a Lebanese novelist and public intellectual.
See Arab Spring and Elias Khoury
Emergency law in Egypt
The emergency law in Egypt (Law No. 162/1958) details the framework governing the declaration of a state of emergency in Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Emergency law in Egypt
Employment
Employment is a relationship between two parties regulating the provision of paid labour services.
See Arab Spring and Employment
Enforced disappearance
An enforced disappearance (or forced disappearance) is the secret abduction or imprisonment of a person with the support or acquiescence of a state followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate or whereabouts with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.
See Arab Spring and Enforced disappearance
Ennahda
The Ennahda Movement (Ḥarakatu n-Nahḍah; Mouvement Ennahdha), also known as the Renaissance Party or simply known as Ennahda, is a self-defined Islamic democratic political party in Tunisia.
Essam Sharaf
Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf (عصامعبد العزيز شرف,; born 1952) is an Egyptian academic who was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 3 March 2011 to 7 December 2011.
See Arab Spring and Essam Sharaf
Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.
Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)
Following the end of the First Libyan Civil War, which overthrew Muammar Gaddafi, there was violence involving various militias and the new state security forces.
See Arab Spring and Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)
Fayez Tarawneh
Fayez Tarawneh (فايز الطراونة;; 1 May 1949 – 15 December 2021) was a Jordanian independent politician, who served twice as the 31st Prime Minister of Jordan, and also as Chief of the Royal Hashemite Court.
See Arab Spring and Fayez Tarawneh
Federal National Council
The Federal National Council (FNC) (المجلس الوطني الإتحادي, al-Majlis al-Watani al-Ittihadi) of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an advisory quasi-parliamentary body in the UAE.
See Arab Spring and Federal National Council
Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.
See Arab Spring and Financial Times
First Gulf of Sidra offensive
The First Gulf of Sidra offensive was the second major rebel offensive of the Libyan Civil War.
See Arab Spring and First Gulf of Sidra offensive
Food
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support.
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.
See Arab Spring and Foreign Affairs
Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication founded in 1970 focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.
See Arab Spring and Foreign Policy
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
France 24
France 24 (vingt-quatre in French) is a French publicly-funded international news television network based in Paris.
Frank G. Wisner
Frank George Wisner II (born July 2, 1938) is an American businessman and former diplomat who had served as acting United States Secretary of State for a few hours following the resignation of the previous acting United States Secretary of State Arnold Kanter at noon on January 20, 1993 until the confirmation by the United States Senate and swearing in of Warren Christopher as United States Secretary of State later that day.
See Arab Spring and Frank G. Wisner
Free and fair election
A free and fair election is defined by political scientist Robert Dahl as an election in which "coercion is comparatively uncommon".
See Arab Spring and Free and fair election
Free market
In economics, a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers.
See Arab Spring and Free market
Free Syrian Army
The Free Syrian Army (FSA; al-jaysh as-Sūrī al-ḥur) is a big-tent coalition of decentralized Syrian opposition rebel groups in the Syrian civil war founded on 29 July 2011 by Colonel Riad al-Asaad and six officers who defected from the Syrian Armed Forces.
See Arab Spring and Free Syrian Army
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.
See Arab Spring and Freedom of speech
Gafsa
Gafsa (قفصة qafṣah/gafṣah) is the capital of Gafsa Governorate of Tunisia.
Gdeim Izik protest camp
The Gdeim Izik protest camp (also spelled Gdayam Izik) was a protest camp in Western Sahara, established on 9 October 2010 and lasting into November that year, with related incidents occurring in the aftermath of its dismantlement on 8 November. Arab Spring and Gdeim Izik protest camp are 2010 protests and intifadas.
See Arab Spring and Gdeim Izik protest camp
Gene Sharp
Gene Sharp (January 21, 1928 – January 28, 2018) was an American political scientist.
See Arab Spring and Gene Sharp
General People's Congress (Yemen)
The General People's Congress (GPC; المؤتمر الشعبي العام) is a political party in Yemen.
See Arab Spring and General People's Congress (Yemen)
Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of marked decline in economies around the world that occurred in the late 2000s.
See Arab Spring and Great Recession
Gulf Cooperation Council
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخلیج العربية.), also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional, intergovernmental, political, and economic union comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
See Arab Spring and Gulf Cooperation Council
Gulf of Sidra
The Gulf of Sidra (Khalij as-Sidra, also known as the Gulf of Sirte (Khalij Surt, is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya, named after the oil port of Sidra or the city of Sirte. It was also historically known as the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis (Syrtis Major; Σύρτις μεγάλη; contrasting with Syrtis Minor on the coast of Tunisia).
See Arab Spring and Gulf of Sidra
H. A. Hellyer
H.
See Arab Spring and H. A. Hellyer
Habib el-Adly
Habib Ibrahim El-Adly (حبيب إبراهيمالعادلي,; born 1 March 1938) is a former Egyptian politician.
See Arab Spring and Habib el-Adly
Habitability
Habitability is the adequacy of an environment for human living.
See Arab Spring and Habitability
Haider al-Abadi
Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi (حيدر جواد كاظمالعبادي; born 25 April 1952) is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq from September 2014 until October 2018.
See Arab Spring and Haider al-Abadi
Halim Barakat
Halim Barakat (حليمبركات December 4, 1931 - June 22, 2023) was a Syrian American novelist and sociologist.
See Arab Spring and Halim Barakat
Hama
Hama (حَمَاة,; lit; Ḥămāṯ) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria.
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة; born 28 January 1950) is King of Bahrain since 14 February 2002, after ruling as Emir of Bahrain from 6 March 1999.
See Arab Spring and Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Hashid
The Hashid (حاشد; Musnad: 𐩢𐩦𐩵𐩣) is a tribal confederation in Yemen.
Hürriyet Daily News
The Hürriyet Daily News, formerly Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review and Turkish Daily News, is the oldest current English-language daily in Turkey, founded in 1961.
See Arab Spring and Hürriyet Daily News
Hezbollah
Hezbollah (Ḥizbu 'llāh) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group, led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah.
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and as the first lady of the United States to former president Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001.
See Arab Spring and Hillary Clinton
Hosni Mubarak
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
See Arab Spring and Hosni Mubarak
Houla massacre
The Houla massacre (مجزرة الحولة) was a mass murder of civilians by Syrian government forces that took place on May 25, 2012, in the midst of the Syrian Civil War, in the town of Taldou, in the Houla Region of Syria, a string of towns northwest of Homs.
See Arab Spring and Houla massacre
Houthi movement
The Houthi movement (الحوثيون), officially known as Ansar Allah, is a Shia Islamist political and military organization that emerged from Yemen in the 1990s.
See Arab Spring and Houthi movement
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Arab Spring and Human Development Index
Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.
See Arab Spring and Human rights
Human rights defender
A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights.
See Arab Spring and Human rights defender
Human rights in Bahrain
Bahrains record on human rights has been described by Human Rights Watch as "dismal", and having "deteriorated sharply in the latter half of 2010".
See Arab Spring and Human rights in Bahrain
Human rights in Yemen
Human rights in Yemen are seen as problematic.
See Arab Spring and Human rights in Yemen
Impact of the Arab Spring
The impact of the Arab Spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the Arab Spring in the Arab-majority states of North Africa and the Middle East, according to commentators, organisers, and critics.
See Arab Spring and Impact of the Arab Spring
Inflation
In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy.
Institution
An institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior.
See Arab Spring and Institution
Insurgency
An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare against a larger authority.
See Arab Spring and Insurgency
Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements
Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements is an open access academic journal that covers original research and reviews of books concerned mainly with protests, social movements, and collective behavior.
See Arab Spring and Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements
International Center for Transitional Justice
The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) was founded in 2001 as a non-profit organization dedicated to pursuing accountability for mass atrocity and human rights abuse through transitional justice mechanisms.
See Arab Spring and International Center for Transitional Justice
International Republican Institute
The International Republican Institute (IRI) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1983 and funded and supported by the United States federal government.
See Arab Spring and International Republican Institute
Internet activism
Internet activism involves the use of electronic-communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences, as well as coordination.
See Arab Spring and Internet activism
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in an ongoing struggle for influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world.
See Arab Spring and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
Iraq War
The Iraq War, sometimes called the Second Persian Gulf War, or Second Gulf War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States-led coalition that overthrew the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.
Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
The Iraqi insurgency was an insurgency that began in late 2011 after the end of the Iraq War and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, resulting in violent conflict with the central government, as well as low-level sectarian violence among Iraq's religious groups.
See Arab Spring and Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.
See Arab Spring and Islamic State
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
Jamal Khashoggi
Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi (Jamāl ʾAḥmad Ḵāšuqjī,; 13 October 1958 – 2 October 2018) was a Saudi journalist, dissident, author, columnist for Middle East Eye and The Washington Post, and a general manager and editor-in-chief of Al-Arab News Channel who was assassinated at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by agents of the Saudi government at the behest of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
See Arab Spring and Jamal Khashoggi
Jan Palach
Jan Palach (11 August 1948 – 19 January 1969) was a Czech student of history and political economics at Charles University in Prague.
See Arab Spring and Jan Palach
Jean Baudrillard
Jean Baudrillard (– 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist and philosopher with an interest in cultural studies.
See Arab Spring and Jean Baudrillard
Joel S. Migdal
Joel S. Migdal is the Robert F. Philip Professor of International Studies in the University of Washington's Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies.
See Arab Spring and Joel S. Migdal
Jordan
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Joseph Massad
Joseph Andoni Massad (جوزيف مسعد; born 1963) is a Jordanian academic specializing in Middle Eastern studies, who serves as Professor of Modern Arab Politics and Intellectual History in the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies at Columbia University.
See Arab Spring and Joseph Massad
Journalist
A journalist is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a newsworthy form and disseminates it to the public.
See Arab Spring and Journalist
Juan E. Méndez
Juan E. Méndez (born December 11, 1944) is an Argentine lawyer, former United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and a human rights activist known for his work on behalf of political prisoners.
See Arab Spring and Juan E. Méndez
June 2013 Egyptian protests
The 30 June revolution occurred in Egypt on 30 June 2013, marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration as president. Arab Spring and June 2013 Egyptian protests are 21st-century revolutions.
See Arab Spring and June 2013 Egyptian protests
Khalifa Haftar
Field Marshal Khalifa Belqasim Omar Haftar (Ḵalīfa Bilqāsim Ḥaftar; born 7 November 1943) is a Libyan politician, military officer, and the commander of the Tobruk-based Libyan National Army (LNA).
See Arab Spring and Khalifa Haftar
Killing of Muammar Gaddafi
The killing of Muammar Gaddafi took place on 20 October 2011 after the Battle of Sirte.
See Arab Spring and Killing of Muammar Gaddafi
King of Bahrain
The King of the Kingdom of Bahrain (ملك مملكة البحرين) is the monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
See Arab Spring and King of Bahrain
Kleptocracy
Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης, "thief", or κλέπτω, "I steal", and -κρατία from κράτος, "power, rule"), also referred to as thievocracy, is a government whose corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) use political power to expropriate the wealth of the people and land they govern, typically by embezzling or misappropriating government funds at the expense of the wider population.
See Arab Spring and Kleptocracy
Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.
Kuwaiti protests (2011–2012)
The Kuwaiti protests refers to the series of 2011–2012 demonstrations for government reforms in the state of Kuwait. Arab Spring and Kuwaiti protests (2011–2012) are 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and Kuwaiti protests (2011–2012)
Laayoune
Laayoune or El Aaiún is the largest city of the disputed territory named Western Sahara, with a population of 271,344 in 2023.
Lawyer
A lawyer is a person who practices law.
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy, western-style democracy, or substantive democracy is a form of government that combines the organization of a representative democracy with ideas of liberal political philosophy.
See Arab Spring and Liberal democracy
Libya
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Libyan civil war (2011)
The Libyan civil war, also known as the First Libyan Civil War, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government. Arab Spring and Libyan civil war (2011) are 21st-century revolutions.
See Arab Spring and Libyan civil war (2011)
Libyan civil war (2014–2020)
The Libyan civil war (2014–2020), also more commonly known as the Second Libyan Civil War, was a multilateral civil war which was fought in Libya between a number of armed groups, but mainly the House of Representatives (HoR) and the Government of National Accord (GNA), for six years from 2014 to 2020.
See Arab Spring and Libyan civil war (2014–2020)
Libyan crisis (2011–present)
The Libyan crisis is the current humanitarian crisis and political-military instability occurring in Libya, beginning with the Arab Spring protests of 2011, which led to two civil wars, foreign military intervention, and the ousting and death of Muammar Gaddafi.
See Arab Spring and Libyan crisis (2011–present)
Libyan Desert
The Libyan Desert (not to be confused with the Libyan Sahara) is a geographical region filling the northeastern Sahara Desert, from eastern Libya to the Western Desert of Egypt and far northwestern Sudan.
See Arab Spring and Libyan Desert
List of current monarchs of the Arabian Peninsula
This is a list of current monarchs of the Arabian Peninsula.
See Arab Spring and List of current monarchs of the Arabian Peninsula
List of Facebook features
Facebook is a social-network service website launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg.
See Arab Spring and List of Facebook features
List of modern conflicts in North Africa
Note. Arab Spring and List of modern conflicts in North Africa are history of North Africa.
See Arab Spring and List of modern conflicts in North Africa
List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East. Arab Spring and list of modern conflicts in the Middle East are history of the Middle East.
See Arab Spring and List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London, England, and amember institution of the University of London.
See Arab Spring and London School of Economics
Mahmoud Abbas
Mahmoud Abbas (Maḥmūd ʿAbbās; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (أَبُو مَازِن), is the president of the State of Palestine and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA).
See Arab Spring and Mahmoud Abbas
Mali War
The Mali War is an ongoing conflict that started in January 2012 between the northern and southern parts of Mali in Africa.
Manama
Manama (الْمَنَامَة, Bahrani pronunciation) is the capital and largest city of Bahrain, with an approximate population of 200,000 as of 2020.
Marc Lynch
Marc Lynch is a Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University, where he is also director of both the Institute for Middle East Studies and the Middle East Studies Program.
See Arab Spring and Marc Lynch
March of loyalty to martyrs
The March of loyalty to martyrs (مسيرة الوفاء للشهداء masīra al-wafāʾ ash-shuhadāʾ) was a protest on 22 February 2011 in Manama, Bahrain. Arab Spring and March of loyalty to martyrs are 2011 protests and protest marches.
See Arab Spring and March of loyalty to martyrs
Marina Ottaway
Marina S. Ottaway teaches and researches at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C. Her research interests include the politics of development, with particular reference to Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East.
See Arab Spring and Marina Ottaway
Marouf al-Bakhit
Marouf Suleiman al-Bakhit (معروف البخيت; 18 March 1947 – 7 October 2023) was a Jordanian politician who was twice Prime Minister.
See Arab Spring and Marouf al-Bakhit
Mauritania
Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. By land area Mauritania is the 11th-largest country in Africa and 28th-largest in the world; 90% of its territory is in the Sahara.
See Arab Spring and Mauritania
Media activism
Media activism is a broad category of activism that utilizes media and communication technologies for social and political movements.
See Arab Spring and Media activism
Metcalfe's law
Metcalfe's law states that the financial value or influence of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (2).
See Arab Spring and Metcalfe's law
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
See Arab Spring and Middle East
Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), also referred to as West Asia and North Africa (WANA) or South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA), is a geographic region which comprises the Middle East and North Africa together.
See Arab Spring and Middle East and North Africa
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which power is held by one or more military officers.
See Arab Spring and Military dictatorship
Misrata
Misrata or Misratah (Miṣrāta, Libyan Arabic), also known by the Italian spelling Misurata, is a city in the Misrata District in northwestern Libya, situated to the east of Tripoli and west of Benghazi on the Mediterranean coast near Cape Misrata.
Mohamed Bouazizi
Tarek El-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi (Ṭāriq aṭ-Ṭayib Muḥammad al-Būʿazīzī; 29 March 1984 – 4 January 2011) was a Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire on 17 December 2010 in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia, an act which became a catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring against autocratic regimes.
See Arab Spring and Mohamed Bouazizi
Mohamed ElBaradei
Mohamed Mostafa ElBaradei (Muḥammad Muṣṭafá al-Barādaʿī,; born 17 June 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who served as the vice president of Egypt on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.
See Arab Spring and Mohamed ElBaradei
Mohamed Ghannouchi
Mohamed Ghannouchi (محمد الغنوشي Muhammad Al-Ghannushi; born 18 August 1941) is a Tunisian politician who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011.
See Arab Spring and Mohamed Ghannouchi
Mohamed Morsi
Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa al-AyyatThe spellings of his first and last names vary.
See Arab Spring and Mohamed Morsi
Mohammed bin Salman
Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (translit; born 31 August 1985), popularly known by his initials as MBS or MbS, is the heir apparent to the Saudi Arabian throne.
See Arab Spring and Mohammed bin Salman
Mohammed VI of Morocco
Mohammed VI (Muḥammad as-sādis; born 21 August 1963) is King of Morocco.
See Arab Spring and Mohammed VI of Morocco
Moment (magazine)
Moment is an independent magazine which focuses on the life of the American Jewish community.
See Arab Spring and Moment (magazine)
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Mosque
A mosque, also called a masjid, is a place of worship for Muslims.
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by rebel forces in 2011.
See Arab Spring and Muammar Gaddafi
Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون) is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.
See Arab Spring and Muslim Brotherhood
Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood (جماعة الاخوان المسلمين jamāʿat /al-ikhwan/el-ekhwan al-muslimīn) is a Sunni Islamist religious, political, and social movement,Eric Trager, " ", Foreign Affairs, September October 2011, p. 114–222.
See Arab Spring and Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
Mutiny
Mutiny is a revolt among a group of people (typically of a military, of a crew, or of a crew of pirates) to oppose, change, or remove superiors or their orders.
Nafusa Mountains
The Nafusa Mountains (جبال نفوسة) is a mountain range in the western Tripolitania region of northwestern Libya.
See Arab Spring and Nafusa Mountains
Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Sabah
Nasser Al-Mohammed Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (ash-Shaykh Nāṣir Muḥammad al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ, born 22 December 1940) is a Kuwaiti politician who served as Prime Minister of Kuwait from 7 February 2006 until resigning on 28 November 2011.
See Arab Spring and Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Sabah
National Assembly (Kuwait)
The National Assembly (مجلس الأمة) was the unicameral legislature of Kuwait.
See Arab Spring and National Assembly (Kuwait)
National Democratic Party (Egypt)
The National Democratic Party (translit), often referred to in Egypt as simply the National Party (translit), was the ruling political party in Egypt from 1978 to 2011.
See Arab Spring and National Democratic Party (Egypt)
National Endowment for Democracy
The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization in the United States founded in 1983 with the stated aim of advancing democracy worldwide, by promoting political and economic institutions, such as political groups, trade unions, free markets, and business groups.
See Arab Spring and National Endowment for Democracy
National Transitional Council
The National Transitional Council (NTC) was a transitional government established in the 2011 Libyan civil war.
See Arab Spring and National Transitional Council
NATO Review
NATO Review is a free online magazine offering expert opinion, analysis and debate on a broad range of security issues.
See Arab Spring and NATO Review
Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.
Nidaa Tounes
Nidaa Tounes (حركة نداء تونس, Appel de la Tunisie; usually translated as "Call of Tunisia", "Call for Tunisia", or "Tunisia's Call") is a big tent secularist political party in Tunisia.
See Arab Spring and Nidaa Tounes
No-fly zone
A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly.
See Arab Spring and No-fly zone
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.
See Arab Spring and Nobel Peace Prize
Non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government.
See Arab Spring and Non-governmental organization
Nonviolent resistance
Nonviolent resistance, or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence.
See Arab Spring and Nonviolent resistance
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
See Arab Spring and North Africa
Nouri al-Maliki
Nouri Kamil Muhammad-Hasan al-Maliki (نوري كامل محمد حسن المالكي; born 20 June 1950), also known as Jawad al-Maliki (rtl), is an Iraqi politician and leader of the Islamic Dawa Party since 2007.
See Arab Spring and Nouri al-Maliki
Oman
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.
Oman Daily Observer
Oman Daily Observer is an English-language daily broadsheet published from Muscat, the capital of the Sultanate of Oman, and it comes under the Ministry of Information.
See Arab Spring and Oman Daily Observer
Omar al-Bashir
Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as Sudan's head of state under various titles from 1989 until 2019, when he was deposed in a coup d'état.
See Arab Spring and Omar al-Bashir
Omar Suleiman (politician)
Omar Mahmoud Suleiman (عمر محمود سليمان,; 2 July 1936 – 19 July 2012) was an Egyptian army general, politician, diplomat, and intelligence officer.
See Arab Spring and Omar Suleiman (politician)
Open government
Open government is the governing doctrine which maintains that citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight.
See Arab Spring and Open government
Otpor
Otpor (Отпор!, Resistance!, stylized as Otpor!) was a political organization in Serbia (then part of FR Yugoslavia) from 1998 until 2004.
Parliament of Egypt
The Parliament of Egypt is the bicameral legislature of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Parliament of Egypt
Patrick Cockburn
Patrick Oliver Cockburn (born 5 March 1950) is a journalist who has been a Middle East correspondent for the Financial Times since 1979 and, from 1990, The Independent.
See Arab Spring and Patrick Cockburn
Pearl Roundabout
The GCC Roundabout, known as Pearl Roundabout or Lulu Roundabout (Arabic: دوار اللؤلؤ(ة), "Roundabout of the pearl(s)" was a roundabout located near the financial district of Manama, Bahrain. The roundabout was named after the pearl monument that previously stood on the site and was destroyed on 18 March 2011 by government forces as part of a crackdown on protesters during the Bahraini uprising of 2011.
See Arab Spring and Pearl Roundabout
Peer review
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers).
See Arab Spring and Peer review
Peninsula Shield Force
The Peninsula Shield Force (or Peninsula Shield; Dirʿ al-Jazīra) is the military arm of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
See Arab Spring and Peninsula Shield Force
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf (Fars), sometimes called the (Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in West Asia.
See Arab Spring and Persian Gulf
Pluto Press
Pluto Press is a British independent book publisher based in London, founded in 1969.
See Arab Spring and Pluto Press
Political corruption
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.
See Arab Spring and Political corruption
Political demonstration
A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in order to hear speakers. Arab Spring and political demonstration are protest marches.
See Arab Spring and Political demonstration
Political freedom
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.
See Arab Spring and Political freedom
Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)
Protests against the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état erupted in July 2013.
See Arab Spring and Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)
Poverty
Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living.
Power vacuum
In political science and political history, the term power vacuum, also known as a power void, is an analogy between a physical vacuum to the political condition "when someone in a place of power, has lost control of something and no one has replaced them." The situation can occur when a government has no identifiable central power or authority.
See Arab Spring and Power vacuum
Prague Spring
The Prague Spring (Pražské jaro, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Arab Spring and Prague Spring are Democratization.
See Arab Spring and Prague Spring
President of Egypt
The president of the Arab Republic of Egypt (رئيس جمهورية مصر العربية.) is the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointee of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014.
See Arab Spring and President of Egypt
President of Tunisia
The president of Tunisia, officially the president of the Republic of Tunisia (رئيس الجمهورية التونسية Reīs ej-Jumhūrīye et-Tūnsīye), is the head of state since the creation of the position on 25 July 1957.
See Arab Spring and President of Tunisia
Press release
A press release (also known as a media release) is an official statement delivered to members of the news media for the purpose of providing information, creating an official statement, or making an announcement directed for public release.
See Arab Spring and Press release
Prime Minister of Egypt
The prime minister of Egypt, sometimes referred to as "Minister-President of Egypt" and "President of the Government", is the head of the Egyptian government.
See Arab Spring and Prime Minister of Egypt
Protest
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one.
Protest camp
A protest camp or protest encampment (or just encampment) is a physical camp that is set up by activists, to either provide a base for protest, or to delay, obstruct or prevent the focus of their protest by physically blocking it with the camp.
See Arab Spring and Protest camp
Proxy war
In political science, a proxy war is as an armed conflict fought between two belligerents, wherein one belligerent is a non-state actor supported by an external third-party power.
Qaboos bin Said
Qaboos bin Said Al Said (قابوس بن سعيد آل سعيد,; 18 November 1940 – 10 January 2020) was Sultan of Oman from 23 July 1970 until his death in 2020.
See Arab Spring and Qaboos bin Said
Qantara.de
Qantara.de (Classical Arabic: قنطرة, meaning "bridge") is an Internet portal in German, English, and Arabic, produced by the German Institute for Foreign Cultural Relations in order to promote intercultural dialogue between the Western and Islamic worlds.
See Arab Spring and Qantara.de
Rached Ghannouchi
Rached Ghannouchi (Rāshid al-Ghannūshī; born 22 June 1941), also spelled Rachid al-Ghannouchi or Rached el-Ghannouchi, is a Tunisian politician, the co-founder of the Ennahdha Party and serving as its intellectual leader.
See Arab Spring and Rached Ghannouchi
Radio Netherlands Worldwide
Radio Netherlands (RNW; Radio Nederland Wereldomroep) was a public radio and television network based in Hilversum, producing and transmitting programmes for international audiences outside the Netherlands from 1947 to 2012.
See Arab Spring and Radio Netherlands Worldwide
Rebellion
Rebellion is a violent uprising against one's government.
Reform
Reform refers to the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc.
Regime change
Regime change is the partly forcible or coercive replacement of one government regime with another.
See Arab Spring and Regime change
Rentier state
In current political-science and international-relations theory, a rentier state is a state which derives all or a substantial portion of its national revenues from the rent paid by foreign individuals, concerns or governments.
See Arab Spring and Rentier state
Research Papers in Economics
Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) is a collaborative effort of hundreds of volunteers in many countries to enhance the dissemination of research in economics.
See Arab Spring and Research Papers in Economics
Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
Revolution
In political science, a revolution (revolutio, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's state, class, ethnic or religious structures.
See Arab Spring and Revolution
Revolutionary wave
A revolutionary wave (sometimes revolutionary decade) is a series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a particular timespan. Arab Spring and revolutionary wave are revolutionary waves.
See Arab Spring and Revolutionary wave
Revolutions of 1848
The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849. Arab Spring and revolutions of 1848 are Democratization and revolutionary waves.
See Arab Spring and Revolutions of 1848
Riot
A riot or mob violence is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people.
Riyadh
Riyadh (ar-Riyāḍ) is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.
Robert D. Putnam
Robert David Putnam (born January 9, 1941) is an American political scientist specializing in comparative politics.
See Arab Spring and Robert D. Putnam
Ruaridh Arrow
Ruaridh Arrow is a British journalist and film-maker known for his 2011 feature documentary How to Start a Revolution about Nobel Peace Prize nominee Dr Gene Sharp.
See Arab Spring and Ruaridh Arrow
Sabha, Libya
Sabha or Sebha (Sabhā) is an oasis city in southwestern Libya, approximately south of Tripoli.
See Arab Spring and Sabha, Libya
Sahrawis
The Sahrawis, or Sahrawi people (صحراويون), are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Sahara desert, which includes the Western Sahara, southern Morocco, much of Mauritania, and along the southwestern border of Algeria.
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Saif al-Islam Muammar al-Gaddafi (سيف الإسلاممعمر القذافي; born 25 June 1972) is a Libyan political figure.
See Arab Spring and Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Salafi movement
The Salafi movement or Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam, which was formed as a socio-religious movement during the late 19th century and has remained influential in the Islamic world for over a century.
See Arab Spring and Salafi movement
Salam Fayyad
Salam Fayyad (سلامفياض,; born 1951 or 12 April 1952) is a Palestinian politician and economist who served as the prime minister of the Palestinian Authority and the finance minister.
See Arab Spring and Salam Fayyad
Samir Rifai
Samir Zaid al-Rifai (سمير زيد الرفاعي) (born 1 July 1966) is a Jordanian politician who was the 38th Prime Minister of Jordan from 14 December 2009 to 9 February 2011, Vice President of the Senate of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 2015 till present.
See Arab Spring and Samir Rifai
Samuel Aranda
Samuel Aranda (born 1979) is a Spanish photojournalist.
See Arab Spring and Samuel Aranda
Sanaa
Sanaa (صَنْعَاء,, Yemeni Arabic:; Old South Arabian: 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 Ṣnʿw), also spelled Sana'a and Sana, is the capital and largest city of Yemen and the capital of the Sanaa Governorate.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
See Arab Spring and Saudi Arabia
Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
The Saudi–led intervention in Bahrain began on 14 March 2011 to assist the Bahraini government in suppressing an anti-government uprising in the country.
See Arab Spring and Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war
On 26 March 2015, Saudi Arabia, leading a coalition of nine countries from West Asia and North Africa, launched an intervention in Yemen at the request of Yemeni president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, who had been ousted from the capital, Sanaa, in September 2014 by Houthi insurgents during the Yemeni Civil War.
See Arab Spring and Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war
Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
See Arab Spring and Scientific American
Scoop (website)
Scoop is a New Zealand Internet news site run by Scoop Media Limited, part of the Scoop Media Cartel.
See Arab Spring and Scoop (website)
Second Arab Spring
The Second Arab Spring is a series of anti-government protests which took place in several Arab world countries from late 2018 onwards. Arab Spring and Second Arab Spring are history of North Africa, history of the Middle East, intifadas, protest marches and revolutionary waves.
See Arab Spring and Second Arab Spring
Sectarianism
Sectarianism is a debated concept.
See Arab Spring and Sectarianism
Self-immolation
Self-immolation is the act of setting oneself on fire.
See Arab Spring and Self-immolation
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
See Arab Spring and Shia Islam
Sidi Bouzid
Sidi Bouzid (سيدي بوزيد), sometimes called Sidi Bou Zid or Sīdī Bū Zayd, is a city in Tunisia and is the capital of Sidi Bouzid Governorate in the centre of the country.
See Arab Spring and Sidi Bouzid
Silent protest
A silent protest is an organized effort where the participants stay quiet to demonstrate disapproval.
See Arab Spring and Silent protest
Sinai insurgency
The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, launched by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces, which have also included attacks on civilians.
See Arab Spring and Sinai insurgency
Sirte
Sirte (سِرْت), also spelled Sirt, Surt, Sert or Syrte, is a city in Libya.
Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.
Social justice
Social justice is justice in relation to the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society where individuals' rights are recognized and protected.
See Arab Spring and Social justice
Social media
Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks.
See Arab Spring and Social media
Societal collapse
Societal collapse (also known as civilizational collapse or systems collapse) is the fall of a complex human society characterized by the loss of cultural identity and of social complexity as an adaptive system, the downfall of government, and the rise of violence.
See Arab Spring and Societal collapse
Solitary confinement
Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which an incarcerated person lives in a single cell with little or no contact with other people.
See Arab Spring and Solitary confinement
South Yemen
South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, officially abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a state that existed from 1967 to 1990 as the only communist state in the Middle East and the Arab world.
See Arab Spring and South Yemen
Southern Movement
The Southern Movement, sometimes known as the Southern Separatist Movement, or South Yemen Movement, or Aden Movement, and colloquially known as al-Hirak, is a political movement and paramilitary organization active in the south of Yemen since 2007, demanding secession from the Republic of Yemen and a return to the former independent state of South Yemen.
See Arab Spring and Southern Movement
Southern Provinces
The Southern Provinces or Moroccan Sahara are the terms utilized by the Moroccan government to refer to the occupied territory of Western Sahara.
See Arab Spring and Southern Provinces
State of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens.
See Arab Spring and State of emergency
State of Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region.
See Arab Spring and State of Palestine
State Security Investigations Service
The State Security Investigations Service (مباحث أمن الدولة) was the highest national internal security authority in Egypt.
See Arab Spring and State Security Investigations Service
State-building
State-building as a specific term in social sciences and humanities, refers to political and historical processes of creation, institutional consolidation, stabilization and sustainable development of states, from the earliest emergence of statehood up to the modern times.
See Arab Spring and State-building
Strike action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike and industrial action in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.
See Arab Spring and Strike action
Subitizing
Subitizing is the rapid, accurate, and confident judgments of numbers performed for small numbers of items.
See Arab Spring and Subitizing
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.
Suheir Atassi
Suheir al-Atassi (Suhair al-ʾAtāsī; born 1971) is a Syrian secular activist in the Syrian opposition, and co-vice-president of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces between November 2012 and December 2013.
See Arab Spring and Suheir Atassi
Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt)
The Supreme Constitutional Court (المحكمة الدستورية العليا, Al Mahkama Al Dustūrīya El ‘Ulyā) is an independent judicial body in Egypt, located in the Cairo suburb of Maadi.
See Arab Spring and Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt)
Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF; المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة,, also Higher Council of the Armed Forces) is a statutory body of between 20 and 25 senior officers of the Egyptian Armed Forces, and is headed by Field Marshal Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and Lieutenant General Mohamed Ahmed Zaki.
See Arab Spring and Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
Sustainability
Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time.
See Arab Spring and Sustainability
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
Syrian civil war
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.
See Arab Spring and Syrian civil war
Syrian pound
The Syrian pound or lira (al-līra as-sūriyya; abbreviation: LS or SP in Latin, ل.س in Arabic, historically also £S, and £Syr; ISO code: SYP) is the currency of Syria.
See Arab Spring and Syrian pound
Syrian revolution
The Syrian revolution, also known as the Syrian Revolution of Dignity, was a series of mass protests and uprisings in Syria – with a subsequent violent reaction by the Syrian Arab Republic – lasting from March 2011 to June 2012, as part of the wider Arab Spring in the Arab world. Arab Spring and Syrian revolution are 2011 protests and 21st-century revolutions.
See Arab Spring and Syrian revolution
Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to raising awareness of democratic transitions in the Middle East through analysis, advocacy, and action.
See Arab Spring and Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Tahrir Square
Tahrir Square (Maydān at-Taḥrīr,; "Liberation Square"), also known as Martyr Square, is a public town square in downtown Cairo, Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Tahrir Square
Taiz
Taiz (Taʿizz) is a city in southwestern Yemen.
Tawakkol Karman
Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman (Tawakkul 'Abd us-Salām Khālid Karmān; also romanized Tawakul, Tawakel; born 7 February 1979) is a Yemeni Nobel Laureate, journalist, politician, and human rights activist.
See Arab Spring and Tawakkol Karman
The Atlantic
The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.
See Arab Spring and The Atlantic
The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.
See Arab Spring and The Christian Science Monitor
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
See Arab Spring and The Economist
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
See Arab Spring and The Guardian
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
See Arab Spring and The Independent
The National (Abu Dhabi)
The National is a UAE state-owned English-language daily newspaper published in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
See Arab Spring and The National (Abu Dhabi)
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Arab Spring and The New York Times
The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.
See Arab Spring and The New Yorker
The World (radio program)
The World is a public radio international news magazine co-produced by the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Public Radio Exchange (PRX) and co-hosted by Marco Werman and Carolyn Beeler.
See Arab Spring and The World (radio program)
Think tank
A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture.
See Arab Spring and Think tank
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
See Arab Spring and Time (magazine)
Time Person of the Year
Person of the Year (called Man of the Year or Woman of the Year until 1999) is an annual issue of the American news magazine and website Time featuring a person, group, idea, or object that "for better or for worse...
See Arab Spring and Time Person of the Year
Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)
In July 2013, at the same time as mass protests began against the 3 July coup d'état which deposed Mohamed Morsi, and in parallel with the escalation of the already ongoing jihadist insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula, pro-Muslim Brotherhood militants started violent attacks against policemen and soldiers in central and western Egypt.
See Arab Spring and Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)
Timothy Garton Ash
Timothy Garton Ash (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator.
See Arab Spring and Timothy Garton Ash
Torture
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons including punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, intimidating third parties, or entertainment.
Tripoli, Libya
Tripoli (translation) is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.183 million people in 2023.
See Arab Spring and Tripoli, Libya
Tripolitania
Tripolitania (طرابلس), historically known as the Tripoli region, is a historic region and former province of Libya.
See Arab Spring and Tripolitania
Truth and Dignity Commission (Tunisia)
The Truth and Dignity Commission (هيئة الحقيقة والكرامة) (Instance Vérité et Dignité) is an independent tribunal established by law in Tunisia on 23 December 2013 and formally launched on 9 June 2014 by then-President Moncef Marzouki.
See Arab Spring and Truth and Dignity Commission (Tunisia)
Tuareg people
The Tuareg people (also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn) are a large Berber ethnic group, traditionally nomadic pastoralists, who principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern Algeria, Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso, as far as northern Nigeria.
See Arab Spring and Tuareg people
Tunis
Tunis (تونس) is the capital and largest city of Tunisia.
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
Tunisian Constitution of 2014
The Tunisian Constitution of 2014 (2014 دستور تونس) was adopted on 26 January 2014 by the Constituent Assembly elected on 23 October 2011 in the wake of Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution that overthrew President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
See Arab Spring and Tunisian Constitution of 2014
Tunisian revolution
The Tunisian revolution, also called the Jasmine Revolution and Tunisian Revolution of Dignity, was an intensive 28-day campaign of civil resistance. Arab Spring and Tunisian revolution are 21st-century revolutions, Democratization and intifadas.
See Arab Spring and Tunisian revolution
Turkish model
The “Turkish model” refers to the focus on Republic of Turkey as "an example of a modern, moderate Muslim state that works." Turkey has been seen as combining a secular state and constitution, with a government run by a political party or political parties (Justice and Development Party, AKP) with "roots in political Islam".
See Arab Spring and Turkish model
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security.
See Arab Spring and U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Unemployment
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period.
See Arab Spring and Unemployment
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973
Resolution 1973 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 17 March 2011 in response to the First Libyan Civil War.
See Arab Spring and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Arab Spring and United States
United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
See Arab Spring and United States Agency for International Development
United States Department of Homeland Security
The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the interior or home ministries of other countries.
See Arab Spring and United States Department of Homeland Security
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.
See Arab Spring and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Urban warfare
Urban warfare is warfare in urban areas such as towns and cities.
See Arab Spring and Urban warfare
Voice of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.
See Arab Spring and Voice of America
Wael Ghonim
Wael Ghonim (وائل غنيم; born 23 December 1980) is an Internet activist and computer engineer with an interest in social entrepreneurship.
See Arab Spring and Wael Ghonim
War in Iraq (2013–2017)
The War in Iraq (2013–2017) was an armed conflict between Iraq and its allies and the Islamic State.
See Arab Spring and War in Iraq (2013–2017)
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.
See Arab Spring and Washington, D.C.
We Want to Live movement
The We Want to Live movement is a grassroots youth movement in the Gaza Strip calling for increased economic opportunity and the removal of Hamas from power.
See Arab Spring and We Want to Live movement
Women's rights in Saudi Arabia
Women's rights in Saudi Arabia is a topic of international concern and controversy.
See Arab Spring and Women's rights in Saudi Arabia
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (WWICS) or Wilson Center is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank named for former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.
See Arab Spring and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
See Arab Spring and World Bank
World Press Photo
World Press Photo Foundation is an independent, non-profit organization based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
See Arab Spring and World Press Photo
Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation),J.
See Arab Spring and Xinhua News Agency
Yassin al-Haj Saleh
Yassin al-Haj Saleh (ياسين الحاج صالح; born 1961), Haus der Kulturen der Welt, 2008 is a Syrian writer and political dissident.
See Arab Spring and Yassin al-Haj Saleh
Yemen
Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.
Yemeni Armed Forces
The Yemeni Armed Forces (Al-Quwwat Al-Musallahah Al-Yamaniyah) are the military forces of the Republic of Yemen.
See Arab Spring and Yemeni Armed Forces
Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
The Yemeni civil war (al-ḥarb al-ʾahlīyah al-yamanīyah) is an ongoing multilateral civil war that began in late 2014 mainly between the Rashad al-Alimi-led Presidential Leadership Council and the Mahdi al-Mashat-led Supreme Political Council, along with their supporters and allies.
See Arab Spring and Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
Yemeni crisis
The Yemeni crisis began with the 2011–2012 revolution against President Abdullah Saleh, who had led Yemen for 33 years.
See Arab Spring and Yemeni crisis
Yemeni revolution
The Yemeni revolution (or Yemeni intifada) followed the initial stages of the Tunisian Revolution and occurred simultaneously with the 2011 Egyptian revolution and other Arab Spring protests in the Middle East and North Africa. Arab Spring and Yemeni revolution are 2011 protests, 2012 protests and 21st-century revolutions.
See Arab Spring and Yemeni revolution
YouTube
YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.
Zaydism
Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate.
Zeynep Tufekci
Zeynep Tufekci (Zeynep Tüfekçi) is a Turkish-American sociologist, and the Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs at Princeton University.
See Arab Spring and Zeynep Tufekci
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (translit, Tunisian Arabic:; 3 September 1936 – 19 September 2019), commonly known as Ben Ali or Ezzine, was a Tunisian politician who served as the second president of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011.
See Arab Spring and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
2000s energy crisis
From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation-adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under US$25/barrel in 2008 dollars.
See Arab Spring and 2000s energy crisis
2010 Egyptian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt in 2010.
See Arab Spring and 2010 Egyptian parliamentary election
2010–2012 Algerian protests
The 2010–2012 Algerian protests were a series of protests taking place throughout Algeria, lasting from 28 December 2010 to 10 January 2012. Arab Spring and 2010–2012 Algerian protests are 2010 protests, 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2010–2012 Algerian protests
2011 Bahraini uprising
The 2011 Bahraini uprising was a series of anti-government protests in Bahrain led by the Shia-dominant and some Sunni minority Bahraini opposition from 2011 until 2014. Arab Spring and 2011 Bahraini uprising are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Bahraini uprising
2011 Djiboutian protests
The 2011 Djiboutian protests were widespread demonstrations and riots that took place between January and March 2011 in Djibouti, situated in the Horn of Africa. Arab Spring and 2011 Djiboutian protests are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Djiboutian protests
2011 Egyptian revolution
The 2011 Egyptian revolution, also known as the 25 January Revolution (translit), began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. Arab Spring and 2011 Egyptian revolution are 2011 protests and 21st-century revolutions.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Egyptian revolution
2011 Iraqi protests
The 2011 Iraqi protests came in the wake of the Tunisian revolution and 2011 Egyptian revolution. Arab Spring and 2011 Iraqi protests are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Iraqi protests
2011 Israeli border demonstrations
The 2011 Israeli border demonstrations started on 15 May 2011, to commemorate what the Palestinians observe as Nakba Day.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Israeli border demonstrations
2011 Lebanese protests
The 2011 Lebanese protests, also known as the Intifada of Dignity or Uprising of Dignity were seen as influenced by the Arab Spring. Arab Spring and 2011 Lebanese protests are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Lebanese protests
2011 military intervention in Libya
On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (UNSCR 1973), in response to events during the First Libyan Civil War.
See Arab Spring and 2011 military intervention in Libya
2011 Moroccan constitutional referendum
A referendum on constitutional reforms was held in Morocco on 1 July 2011, called by the king in response to a series of protests across Morocco that began on 20 February 2011 when over ten thousand Moroccans participated in demonstrations demanding democratic reforms.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Moroccan constitutional referendum
2011 Nobel Peace Prize
The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to three female political activists.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Nobel Peace Prize
2011 Omani protests
The 2011 Omani protests (also called the Omani Spring) were a series of protests in the Persian Gulf country of Oman that occurred as part of the revolutionary wave popularly known as the "Arab Spring". Arab Spring and 2011 Omani protests are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Omani protests
2011 Saudi Arabian municipal elections
Municipal elections in Saudi Arabian towns and cities, initially planned for 31 October 2009, were held on 29 September 2011 (a week after the initial date of 22 September 2011).
See Arab Spring and 2011 Saudi Arabian municipal elections
2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election
An election for a constituent assembly in Tunisia was announced on 3 March 2011 and held on 23 October 2011, following the Tunisian revolution.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election
2011 Western Saharan protests
The 2011 Western Saharan protests began on 25 February 2011 as a reaction to the failure of police to prevent anti-Sahrawi looting in the city of Dakhla, Western Sahara, and blossomed into protests across the territory. Arab Spring and 2011 Western Saharan protests are 2011 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011 Western Saharan protests
2011–2012 Jordanian protests
The Jordanian protests were a series of protests in Jordan that began in January 2011, and resulted in the firing of the cabinet ministers of the government. Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Jordanian protests are 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Jordanian protests
2011–2012 Mauritanian protests
The 2011–2012 Mauritanian protests were a series of protests in Mauritania that started in January 2011, influenced by and concurrent with the Arab Spring, and continued into 2012. Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Mauritanian protests are 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Mauritanian protests
2011–2012 Moroccan protests
The Moroccan protests are a series of demonstrations across Morocco which occurred from 20 February 2011 to the fall of 2012. Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Moroccan protests are 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Moroccan protests
2011–2012 Palestinian protests
The 2011–2012 Palestinian protests were a series of protests in the Palestinian National Authority and the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip, staged by various Palestinian groups as part of the wider Arab Spring. Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Palestinian protests are 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Palestinian protests
2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
The protests in Saudi Arabia were part of the Arab Spring that started with the 2011 Tunisian revolution. Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests are 2011 protests and 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
2011–2013 Sudanese protests
The 2011–2013 protests in Sudan began in January 2011 as part of the Arab Spring regional protest movement. Arab Spring and 2011–2013 Sudanese protests are 2011 protests, 2012 protests and intifadas.
See Arab Spring and 2011–2013 Sudanese protests
2012 Egyptian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Egypt in 2012, with the first round on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June.
See Arab Spring and 2012 Egyptian presidential election
2012 Yemeni presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Yemen on 21 February 2012.
See Arab Spring and 2012 Yemeni presidential election
2012–2013 Egyptian protests
The 2012–2013 Egyptian protests (sometimes called the Hirak Uprising) were part of the crisis in Egypt including the June 2013 protests, the July 2013 coup d'état, and part of the post-coup unrest. Arab Spring and 2012–2013 Egyptian protests are 2012 protests.
See Arab Spring and 2012–2013 Egyptian protests
2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war
The 2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian Civil War refers to the third phase of the Syrian Civil War, which gradually escalated from a UN-mediated cease fire attempt during April–May 2012 and deteriorated into radical violence, escalating the conflict level to a full-fledged civil war.
See Arab Spring and 2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war
2013 Egyptian coup d'état
The 2013 Egyptian coup d'etat took place on 3 July 2013. Arab Spring and 2013 Egyptian coup d'état are 2010s coups d'état and coup attempts.
See Arab Spring and 2013 Egyptian coup d'état
2013 Jordanian general election
Early general elections were held in Jordan on 23 January 2013.
See Arab Spring and 2013 Jordanian general election
2014 Tunisian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Tunisia on 26 October 2014.
See Arab Spring and 2014 Tunisian parliamentary election
2014 Tunisian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Tunisia on 23 November 2014, a month after parliamentary elections.
See Arab Spring and 2014 Tunisian presidential election
2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections
Elections were held in Saudi Arabia on 12 December 2015 for municipal councils, which have limited decision-making powers on local issues such as rubbish collection and street maintenance.
See Arab Spring and 2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections
See also
2010 in Africa
- 2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak
- 2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves
- 2010 West African floods
- 2010 in Algeria
- 2010 in Burkina Faso
- 2010 in Cameroon
- 2010 in Cape Verde
- 2010 in Chad
- 2010 in Eritrea
- 2010 in Gabon
- 2010 in Ghana
- 2010 in Guinea-Bissau
- 2010 in Ivory Coast
- 2010 in Kenya
- 2010 in Liberia
- 2010 in Libya
- 2010 in Namibia
- 2010 in Niger
- 2010 in Nigeria
- 2010 in Rwanda
- 2010 in São Tomé and Príncipe
- 2010 in Senegal
- 2010 in Somalia
- 2010 in South Africa
- 2010 in Zimbabwe
- 2010 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 2010–2011 Southern Africa floods
- 3rd European Union–African Union Summit
- 6th Africa Movie Academy Awards
- Arab Spring
- Arab Spring concurrent incidents
2010 in Asia
- 2010 Mardakert clashes
- 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
- 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- 2010 Pacific typhoon season
- 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident
- 2010 in Afghanistan
- 2010 in Armenia
- 2010 in Asian music
- 2010 in Azerbaijan
- 2010 in Bangladesh
- 2010 in Cambodia
- 2010 in China
- 2010 in Cyprus
- 2010 in Georgia (country)
- 2010 in Hong Kong
- 2010 in India
- 2010 in Indonesia
- 2010 in Iran
- 2010 in Iraq
- 2010 in Israel
- 2010 in Japan
- 2010 in Jordan
- 2010 in Korea
- 2010 in Kuwait
- 2010 in Kyrgyzstan
- 2010 in Lebanon
- 2010 in Macau
- 2010 in Nepal
- 2010 in North Korea
- 2010 in Pakistan
- 2010 in Russia
- 2010 in Saudi Arabia
- 2010 in South Korea
- 2010 in Sri Lanka
- 2010 in Taiwan
- 2010 in Thailand
- 2010 in Turkey
- 2010 in Uzbekistan
- 2010 in Yemen
- 2010 in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- 2010 in the Palestinian territories
- 2010 in the United Arab Emirates
- 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
- 4th Asian Film Awards
- 5th Asian Film Awards
- Arab Spring
- Arab Spring concurrent incidents
- Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia
2010 protests
- 19 April 2010 Peshawar bombing
- 2009 Iranian presidential election protests
- 2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally
- 2010 Bangladeshi protests
- 2010 Belarusian protests
- 2010 Canada anti-prorogation protests
- 2010 Catalan autonomy protest
- 2010 Chinese labour unrest
- 2010 French pension reform strikes
- 2010 G20 Toronto summit protests
- 2010 Macau labour protest
- 2010 Macau transfer of sovereignty anniversary protest
- 2010 Mozambican protests
- 2010 Spanish general strike
- 2010 Thai political protests
- 2010 Tibetan language protest
- 2010 United Kingdom student protests
- 2010 Xinfa aluminum plant protest
- 2010 student protest in Dublin
- 2010–2011 Hanjin Heavy Industries strike
- 2010–2011 Togolese protests
- 2010–2012 Algerian protests
- Anti-austerity movement in Greece
- Anti-austerity movement in Ireland
- Arab Spring
- Arab Spring concurrent incidents
- Boobquake
- Gdeim Izik protest camp
- Guangzhou Television Cantonese controversy
- Hong Kong new year marches
- March for America
- National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts
- One Nation Working Together rally
- Protests against Faure Gnassingbé
- Putin Must Go
- Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear
- Restoring Honor rally
- Tea Party protests
- Trail of Dreams 2010
2010s coups d'état and coup attempts
- 2010 Madagascar coup attempt
- 2010 Nigerien coup d'état
- 2011 Bangladeshi coup attempt
- 2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt
- 2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt
- 2011 Nigerien coup attempt
- 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état
- 2012 Ivorian coup attempt
- 2012 Malian counter-coup attempt
- 2012 Malian coup d'état
- 2012 Sudanese coup attempt
- 2013 Chadian coup attempt
- 2013 Comorian coup attempt
- 2013 Egyptian coup d'état
- 2013 Libyan coup attempt
- 2014 Burkina Faso uprising
- 2014 Enugu Government House attack
- 2014 Gambian coup attempt
- 2014 Lesotho political crisis
- 2014 Libyan coup attempts
- 2014 Thai coup d'état
- 2015 Burkina Faso coup attempt
- 2015 Burundian coup attempt
- 2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup attempt
- 2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt
- 2016 Montenegrin coup attempt allegations
- 2016 Turkish coup attempt
- 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
- 2017 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt
- 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état
- 2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis
- 2019 Gabonese coup attempt
- 2019 Sudanese coup d'état
- Amhara Region coup attempt
- Arab Spring
- December 2013 Kinshasa attacks
- List of coups and coup attempts since 2010
- National Council for Democracy
- South Sudanese Civil War
- Tuareg rebellion (2012)
- Western Libya clashes (2016–2018)
2011 in Africa
- 2010–2011 Southern Africa floods
- 2011 in Algeria
- 2011 in Burkina Faso
- 2011 in Cape Verde
- 2011 in Chad
- 2011 in Djibouti
- 2011 in Egypt
- 2011 in Equatorial Guinea
- 2011 in Eritrea
- 2011 in Gabon
- 2011 in Ghana
- 2011 in Ivory Coast
- 2011 in Kenya
- 2011 in Liberia
- 2011 in Libya
- 2011 in Malawi
- 2011 in Mauritania
- 2011 in Mozambique
- 2011 in Namibia
- 2011 in Niger
- 2011 in Nigeria
- 2011 in Rwanda
- 2011 in São Tomé and Príncipe
- 2011 in Somalia
- 2011 in South Africa
- 2011 in South Sudan
- 2011 in Sudan
- 2011 in Zimbabwe
- 2011 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 7th Africa Movie Academy Awards
- African Consensus
- Arab Spring
- Arab Spring concurrent incidents
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 2018
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 2023
2011 in Asia
- 2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- 2011 Pacific typhoon season
- 2011 in Afghanistan
- 2011 in Asian music
- 2011 in Azerbaijan
- 2011 in Bangladesh
- 2011 in Bhutan
- 2011 in Cambodia
- 2011 in China
- 2011 in Cyprus
- 2011 in Egypt
- 2011 in Georgia (country)
- 2011 in Hong Kong
- 2011 in India
- 2011 in Indonesia
- 2011 in Iran
- 2011 in Iraq
- 2011 in Israel
- 2011 in Japan
- 2011 in Jordan
- 2011 in Kazakhstan
- 2011 in Korea
- 2011 in Kuwait
- 2011 in Lebanon
- 2011 in Macau
- 2011 in Nepal
- 2011 in North Korea
- 2011 in Oman
- 2011 in Pakistan
- 2011 in Qatar
- 2011 in Russia
- 2011 in Saudi Arabia
- 2011 in South Korea
- 2011 in Syria
- 2011 in Taiwan
- 2011 in Thailand
- 2011 in Turkey
- 2011 in Yemen
- 2011 in the Palestinian territories
- 2011 in the United Arab Emirates
- Arab Spring
- Arab Spring concurrent incidents
2012 in Africa
- 2012 Channel O Music Video Awards
- 2012 Sahel drought
- 2012 in African music
- 2012 in Algeria
- 2012 in Burkina Faso
- 2012 in Cape Verde
- 2012 in Chad
- 2012 in Egypt
- 2012 in Eritrea
- 2012 in Ethiopia
- 2012 in Gabon
- 2012 in Ghana
- 2012 in Guinea-Bissau
- 2012 in Kenya
- 2012 in Liberia
- 2012 in Libya
- 2012 in Mauritania
- 2012 in Namibia
- 2012 in Nigeria
- 2012 in Rwanda
- 2012 in Senegal
- 2012 in Somalia
- 2012 in South Africa
- 2012 in South Sudan
- 2012 in Tunisia
- 2012 in Zimbabwe
- 2012 in the Central African Republic
- 2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards
- Arab Spring
- Arab Spring concurrent incidents
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 2033
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 2039
21st-century revolutions
- 2004 Adjara crisis
- 2006 Nepalese revolution
- 2010 Kyrgyz Revolution
- 2011 Egyptian revolution
- 2014 Burkina Faso uprising
- 2018 Armenian Revolution
- 2020 Kyrgyz Revolution
- Abkhazian Revolution
- Arab Spring
- Bolivarian Revolution
- Cauliflower revolution
- Cedar Revolution
- Colour revolution
- Colour revolutions
- Digital Revolution
- Ecuadorian Revolution of 2005
- Egyptian revolution of 2011
- Euromaidan
- Houthi takeover in Yemen
- Jeans Revolution
- June 2013 Egyptian protests
- Libyan civil war (2011)
- Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
- Nepalese Civil War
- Orange Revolution
- Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
- Revolution of Dignity
- Rojava conflict
- Rose Revolution
- Saffron Revolution
- Second EDSA Revolution
- Sudanese revolution
- Syrian revolution
- The Citizens' Revolution
- Timeline of the Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
- Tulip Revolution
- Tunisian revolution
- Yemeni revolution
Intifadas
- 17 October Revolution
- 1912 Fez riots
- 1979 Qatif Uprising
- 1984 Egyptian intifada
- 1990s uprising in Bahrain
- 1991 Iraqi uprisings
- 1996 Jordanian protests
- 2005 French riots
- 2011–2013 Sudanese protests
- 2014 Jerusalem unrest
- 2017–2020 Qatif unrest
- Arab Spring
- Cedar Revolution
- February 6 Intifada
- First Intifada
- First Sahrawi Intifada
- Gdeim Izik protest camp
- Intifada
- Iraqi Intifada (1952)
- March Intifada
- Second Arab Spring
- Second Intifada
- Second Sahrawi Intifada
- Serhildan
- Tunisian revolution
- Zemla Intifada
Revolutionary waves
- Age of Revolution
- Arab Spring
- Arab Winter
- Atlantic Revolutions
- Central American crisis
- Colour revolution
- Colour revolutions
- Great Eastern Crisis
- Occupy movement
- Protests of 1968
- Revolutionary wave
- Revolutions during the 1820s
- Revolutions of 1830
- Revolutions of 1848
- Revolutions of 1917–1923
- Revolutions of 1989
- Second Arab Spring
References
Also known as 2010 Arab world protests, 2010 MENA protests, 2010-11 Arab World Protests, 2010-11 Middle East and North African protests, 2010-2011 Arab Spring, 2010-2011 Arab World protests, 2010-2011 MENA crisis, 2010-2011 MENA protests, 2010-2011 Middle East Revolution, 2010-2011 Middle East and North Africa Protests, 2010-2011 Middle East protests, 2010-2011 Middle Eastern Revolution, 2010-2011 North Africa and Middle East protests, 2010-2011 Pro-democracy protests, 2010–2011 Arab Revolutions, 2010–2011 Arab protests, 2010–2011 Middle East and Maghreb protests, 2010–2011 Middle East and North Africa protest areas, 2010–2011 Muslim world protests, 2010–2011 North Africa and Western Asia protests, 2011 Arab Revolution, 2011 Arab Spring, 2011 Arab protests, 2011 Arab revolutions, 2011 Arab world protests, 2011 Arabic World protests, 2011 MENA crisis, 2011 MENA protests, 2011 MENA revolutions, 2011 Middle East Protests, 2011 Middle East Revolution, 2011 Middle East and North Africa protests, 2011 Middle Eastern Revolution, 2011 North Africa and Middle East protests, 2011 Revolutions, 2011 uprising, African Revolution of 2010, African Revolution of 2011, African Revolutions of 2010, African Revolutions of 2011, Ar-rabīˁ al-ˁarabī, Arab Revolution 2011, Arab Revolution of 2010, Arab Revolution of 2011, Arab Revolutions, Arab Revolutions of 2010, Arab Revolutions of 2011, Arab protest, Arab protests, Arab revolutions 2011, Arab uprisings, Arab uprisings of 2010 and 2011, Arab uprisings of 2011, Causes of the Arab Spring, Egypt Effect, Global Crusade, Great Arab Awakening, Islamic Awakening (Arab Spring), Islamist Spring, MENA protests, Maghreb protest, Maghreb protests, Middle East protests, Middle Eastern Revolution, Middle Eastern Revolution of 2010, Middle Eastern Revolution of 2011, Middle Eastern Revolutions, Middle Eastern Revolutions of 2010, Middle Eastern Revolutions of 2011, Muslim spring, North African Revolution, North African Revolution of 2010, North African Revolution of 2011, North African Revolutions, North African Revolutions of 2010, North African Revolutions of 2011, North African revolutionary wave, Overview of the Arab Spring, Revolution of 2010, Revolutions in the middle east, Revolutions of 2010, Revolutions of 2011, Shoe Thrower's Index, Shoe-Thrower Index, Shoe-Thrower's index, The Arab Spring, Tunisia Effect, Tunisia domino effect, Tunisian Effect, Unrest Index, Winter Uprisings, Worldwide revolutions of 2010-2011, الثورات العربية, الربيع العربي.
, Arbitrary arrest and detention, Armed Forces & Society, Asef Bayat, Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam, Asharq Al-Awsat, Authoritarianism, Autocracy, Awn Al-Khasawneh, Bab al-Azizia, Bahrain, Bahrain Defence Force, Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, Bani Walid, Baniyas, Barack Obama, Bashar al-Assad, Battle of Bani Walid, Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road, Battle of Misrata (2011), Battle of Sabha, Battle of Sirte (2011), Battle of Tripoli (2011), BBC, BBC News, Beji Caid Essebsi, Benghazi, Bloody Thursday (Bahrain), Bloomberg L.P., Borders of Israel, Brega, Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution, Cabinet of Bahrain, Cairo, Capital punishment in Egypt, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Casualties of the 2011 Bahraini uprising and its aftermath, Civil disobedience, Civil resistance, Civil society, Civil war, CNN, Collective intelligence, Colonialism, Condoleezza Rice, Connectionism, Constitution of Egypt, Constitution of Yemen, Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia, Coptic Orthodox Church, Corn ethanol, Council on Foreign Relations, Counter-revolutionary, Crossing Continents, Crowd psychology, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Dafna Hochman Rand, Damascus, Daraa, Day of Rage (Bahrain), Death of Abdulredha Buhmaid, Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed, Defection, Deir ez-Zor, Democracy, Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa, Democratic Constitutional Rally, Democratization, Demographic trap, Dictatorship, Djibouti, Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war, Economic freedom, Economic stagnation, Egypt, Egyptian Armed Forces, Egyptian Constitution of 1971, Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014), Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, El Mahalla El Kubra, Elections in Yemen, Elias Khoury, Emergency law in Egypt, Employment, Enforced disappearance, Ennahda, Essam Sharaf, Facebook, Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014), Fayez Tarawneh, Federal National Council, Financial Times, First Gulf of Sidra offensive, Food, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, France, France 24, Frank G. Wisner, Free and fair election, Free market, Free Syrian Army, Freedom of speech, Gafsa, Gdeim Izik protest camp, Gene Sharp, General People's Congress (Yemen), Great Recession, Gulf Cooperation Council, Gulf of Sidra, H. A. Hellyer, Habib el-Adly, Habitability, Haider al-Abadi, Halim Barakat, Hama, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Hashid, Hürriyet Daily News, Hezbollah, Hillary Clinton, Hosni Mubarak, Houla massacre, Houthi movement, Human Development Index, Human rights, Human rights defender, Human rights in Bahrain, Human rights in Yemen, Impact of the Arab Spring, Inflation, Institution, Insurgency, Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements, International Center for Transitional Justice, International Republican Institute, Internet activism, Iran, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iraq, Iraq War, Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), Islamic State, Islamism, Jamal Khashoggi, Jan Palach, Jean Baudrillard, Joel S. Migdal, Jordan, Joseph Massad, Journalist, Juan E. Méndez, June 2013 Egyptian protests, Khalifa Haftar, Killing of Muammar Gaddafi, King of Bahrain, Kleptocracy, Kuwait, Kuwaiti protests (2011–2012), Laayoune, Lawyer, Lebanon, Liberal democracy, Libya, Libyan civil war (2011), Libyan civil war (2014–2020), Libyan crisis (2011–present), Libyan Desert, List of current monarchs of the Arabian Peninsula, List of Facebook features, List of modern conflicts in North Africa, List of modern conflicts in the Middle East, London School of Economics, Mahmoud Abbas, Mali War, Manama, Marc Lynch, March of loyalty to martyrs, Marina Ottaway, Marouf al-Bakhit, Mauritania, Media activism, Metcalfe's law, Middle East, Middle East and North Africa, Military dictatorship, Misrata, Mohamed Bouazizi, Mohamed ElBaradei, Mohamed Ghannouchi, Mohamed Morsi, Mohammed bin Salman, Mohammed VI of Morocco, Moment (magazine), Morocco, Mosque, Muammar Gaddafi, Muslim Brotherhood, Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Mutiny, Nafusa Mountains, Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Sabah, National Assembly (Kuwait), National Democratic Party (Egypt), National Endowment for Democracy, National Transitional Council, NATO Review, Nicaragua, Nidaa Tounes, No-fly zone, Nobel Peace Prize, Non-governmental organization, Nonviolent resistance, North Africa, Nouri al-Maliki, Oman, Oman Daily Observer, Omar al-Bashir, Omar Suleiman (politician), Open government, Otpor, Parliament of Egypt, Patrick Cockburn, Pearl Roundabout, Peer review, Peninsula Shield Force, Persian Gulf, Pluto Press, Political corruption, Political demonstration, Political freedom, Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014), Poverty, Power vacuum, Prague Spring, President of Egypt, President of Tunisia, Press release, Prime Minister of Egypt, Protest, Protest camp, Proxy war, Qaboos bin Said, Qantara.de, Rached Ghannouchi, Radio Netherlands Worldwide, Rebellion, Reform, Regime change, Rentier state, Research Papers in Economics, Reuters, Revolution, Revolutionary wave, Revolutions of 1848, Riot, Riyadh, Robert D. Putnam, Ruaridh Arrow, Sabha, Libya, Sahrawis, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Salafi movement, Salam Fayyad, Samir Rifai, Samuel Aranda, Sanaa, Saudi Arabia, Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain, Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war, Scientific American, Scoop (website), Second Arab Spring, Sectarianism, Self-immolation, Shia Islam, Sidi Bouzid, Silent protest, Sinai insurgency, Sirte, Sit-in, Social justice, Social media, Societal collapse, Solitary confinement, South Yemen, Southern Movement, Southern Provinces, State of emergency, State of Palestine, State Security Investigations Service, State-building, Strike action, Subitizing, Sudan, Suheir Atassi, Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt), Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, Sustainability, Syria, Syrian civil war, Syrian pound, Syrian revolution, Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, Tahrir Square, Taiz, Tawakkol Karman, The Atlantic, The Christian Science Monitor, The Economist, The Guardian, The Independent, The National (Abu Dhabi), The New York Times, The New Yorker, The World (radio program), Think tank, Time (magazine), Time Person of the Year, Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present), Timothy Garton Ash, Torture, Tripoli, Libya, Tripolitania, Truth and Dignity Commission (Tunisia), Tuareg people, Tunis, Tunisia, Tunisian Constitution of 2014, Tunisian revolution, Turkish model, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Unemployment, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, United States, United States Agency for International Development, United States Department of Homeland Security, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Urban warfare, Voice of America, Wael Ghonim, War in Iraq (2013–2017), Washington, D.C., We Want to Live movement, Women's rights in Saudi Arabia, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, World Bank, World Press Photo, Xinhua News Agency, Yassin al-Haj Saleh, Yemen, Yemeni Armed Forces, Yemeni civil war (2014–present), Yemeni crisis, Yemeni revolution, YouTube, Zaydism, Zeynep Tufekci, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, 2000s energy crisis, 2010 Egyptian parliamentary election, 2010–2012 Algerian protests, 2011 Bahraini uprising, 2011 Djiboutian protests, 2011 Egyptian revolution, 2011 Iraqi protests, 2011 Israeli border demonstrations, 2011 Lebanese protests, 2011 military intervention in Libya, 2011 Moroccan constitutional referendum, 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, 2011 Omani protests, 2011 Saudi Arabian municipal elections, 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, 2011 Western Saharan protests, 2011–2012 Jordanian protests, 2011–2012 Mauritanian protests, 2011–2012 Moroccan protests, 2011–2012 Palestinian protests, 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests, 2011–2013 Sudanese protests, 2012 Egyptian presidential election, 2012 Yemeni presidential election, 2012–2013 Egyptian protests, 2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war, 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, 2013 Jordanian general election, 2014 Tunisian parliamentary election, 2014 Tunisian presidential election, 2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections.