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126 relations: Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Android (operating system), Ars Technica, AT&T, Balkanization, Bash (Unix shell), Bell Labs, Berkeley Software Distribution, Bruce Byfield, C (programming language), Canonical (company), Carrier Grade Linux, Cinnamon (software), Compaq, Computer science, Computer Systems Research Group, Copyleft, Datamation, Debian, Debian configuration system, DEC Alpha, Dell, Dennis Ritchie, Emacs, Eric S. Raymond, Fedora (operating system), File system, File Transfer Protocol, Finland, Free software, Free Standards Group, FUNET, GNOME, GNOME Foundation, GNU, GNU Compiler Collection, GNU General Public License, GNU Hurd, GNU Project, Graphical user interface, Halloween documents, Helsinki University of Technology, Hewlett-Packard, History of free and open-source software, IBM, Instruction set architecture, Intel, Intel 80386, Intel C++ Compiler, KDE, ..., KDE e.V., Ken Thompson, Kenneth Brown (author), Kernel (operating system), Larry Ewing, Linus Torvalds, Linux, Linux distribution, Linux Foundation, Linux International, Linux kernel, Linux Mark Institute, Linux Mint, LinuxTag, Little penguin, LWN.net, Market capitalization, Memory management unit, Microsoft, Microsoft Windows, MINIX, Monolithic kernel, Multics, National Zoo & Aquarium, Netscape, Netscape Communicator, Novell, OASIS (organization), Open Source Development Labs, OpenDocument, OpenOffice.org, OpenSUSE, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation, Oracle Corporation, Oracle Linux, Paging, Personal computer, Portland, Oregon, Portmanteau, Qt (software), Red Hat, Richard Stallman, Samizdat: And Other Issues Regarding the 'Source' of Open Source Code, SCO Group, Server (computing), Slackware, Smartphone, Source code, SPARC, SUSE, SUSE Linux, Symmetric multiprocessing, Textbook, The Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Register, Total cost of ownership, Tux (mascot), Ubuntu (operating system), Ubuntu Touch, Unity (user interface), University of California, Berkeley, University of Helsinki, Unix, UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. v. Berkeley Software Design, Inc., Usenet, Usenet newsgroup, Version 6 Unix, Vyatta, X Window System, X.Org Foundation, X.Org Server, X86, XFree86, 16-bit, 32-bit, 386BSD. Expand index (76 more) »
Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum (born March 16, 1944), sometimes referred to by the handle ast, is an American-Dutch computer scientist and professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
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Android (operating system)
Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
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Ars Technica
Ars Technica (a Latin-derived term that the site translates as the "art of technology") is a website covering news and opinions in technology, science, politics, and society, created by Ken Fisher and Jon Stokes in 1998.
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AT&T
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas.
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Balkanization
Balkanization, or Balkanisation, is a geopolitical term used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another.
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Bash (Unix shell)
Bash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell.
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Bell Labs
Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.
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Berkeley Software Distribution
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.
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Bruce Byfield
Bruce Byfield (born May 13, 1958) is a Canadian writer who specializes in free and open source software.
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C (programming language)
C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.
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Canonical (company)
Canonical Ltd. is a UK-based privately held computer software company founded and funded by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth to market commercial support and related services for Ubuntu Linux and related projects.
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Carrier Grade Linux
Carrier Grade Linux (CGL) is a set of specifications which detail standards of availability, scalability, manageability, and service response characteristics which must be met in order for Linux kernel-based operating system to be considered "carrier grade" (i.e. ready for use within the telecommunications industry).
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Cinnamon (software)
Cinnamon is a free and open-source desktop environment for the X Window System that derives from GNOME 3 but follows traditional desktop metaphor conventions.
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Compaq
Compaq (a portmanteau of Compatibility And Quality; occasionally referred to as CQ prior to its final logo) was a company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services.
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Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.
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Computer Systems Research Group
The Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) was a research group at the University of California, Berkeley that was dedicated to enhancing AT&T Unix operating system and funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
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Copyleft
Copyleft (a play on the word copyright) is the practice of offering people the right to freely distribute copies and modified versions of a work with the stipulation that the same rights be preserved in derivative works down the line.
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Datamation
Datamation is a computer magazine that was published in print form in the United States between 1957 and 1998,, Sharon Machlis // ComputerWorld, page 15, 19 January 1998 and has since continued publication on the web.
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Debian
Debian is a Unix-like computer operating system that is composed entirely of free software, and packaged by a group of individuals participating in the Debian Project.
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Debian configuration system
debconf is a software utility for performing system-wide configuration tasks on Unix-like operating systems.
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DEC Alpha
Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), designed to replace their 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer (CISC) ISA.
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Dell
Dell (stylized as DELL) is an American multinational computer technology company based in Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services.
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Dennis Ritchie
Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 – October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist.
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Emacs
Emacs is a family of text editors that are characterized by their extensibility.
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Eric S. Raymond
Eric Steven Raymond (born December 4, 1957), often referred to as ESR, is an American software developer, author of the widely cited 1997 essay and 1999 book The Cathedral and the Bazaar and other works, and open-source software advocate.
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Fedora (operating system)
Fedora is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat.
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File system
In computing, a file system or filesystem controls how data is stored and retrieved.
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File Transfer Protocol
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Free software
Free software or libre software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions.
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Free Standards Group
The Free Standards Group was an industry non-profit consortium chartered to primarily specify and drive the adoption of open source standards.
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FUNET
FUNET is the Finnish University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and polytechnics as well as other research facilities.
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GNOME
GNOME is a desktop environment composed of free and open-source software that runs on Linux and most BSD derivatives.
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GNOME Foundation
The GNOME Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Orinda, California, United States, coordinating the efforts in the GNOME project.
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GNU
GNU is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software.
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GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is a compiler system produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages.
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GNU General Public License
The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is a widely used free software license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the software.
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GNU Hurd
GNU Hurd is the multiserver microkernel written as part of GNU.
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GNU Project
The GNU Project is a free-software, mass-collaboration project, first announced on September 27, 1983 by Richard Stallman at MIT.
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Graphical user interface
The graphical user interface (GUI), is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.
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Halloween documents
The Halloween documents comprise a series of confidential Microsoft memoranda on potential strategies relating to free software, open-source software, and to Linux in particular, and a series of media responses to these memoranda.
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Helsinki University of Technology
The Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; Teknillinen korkeakoulu; Tekniska högskolan) was a technical university in Finland.
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Hewlett-Packard
The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.
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History of free and open-source software
In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees.
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IBM
The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.
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Instruction set architecture
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer.
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Intel
Intel Corporation (stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley.
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Intel 80386
The Intel 80386, also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985.
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Intel C++ Compiler
Intel C++ Compiler, also known as icc or icl, is a group of C and C++ compilers from Intel available for Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD and Intel-based Android devices.
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KDE
KDE is an international free software community that develops Free and Open Source based software.
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KDE e.V.
KDE e.V. is a registered non-profit organization that represents the KDE community in the legal and financial entities.
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Ken Thompson
Kenneth Lane "Ken" Thompson (born February 4, 1943), commonly referred to as ken in hacker circles, is an American pioneer of computer science.
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Kenneth Brown (author)
Kenneth P. Brown, Jr. is an American author.
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Kernel (operating system)
The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over everything in the system.
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Larry Ewing
Larry Ewing is an American computer programmer who is known as the creator of the Linux mascot, Tux.
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Linus Torvalds
Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer who is the creator, and historically, the principal developer of the Linux kernel, which became the kernel for operating systems such as the Linux operating systems, Android, and Chrome OS.
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Linux
Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.
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Linux distribution
A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.
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Linux Foundation
The Linux Foundation (LF) is dedicated to building sustainable ecosystems around open source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.
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Linux International
Linux International (LI), is an international, non-profit association of users that work towards the international understanding and use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) It is headed by Jon "maddog" Hall.
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Linux kernel
The Linux kernel is an open-source monolithic Unix-like computer operating system kernel.
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Linux Mark Institute
The Linux Mark Institute (LMI, fully "LMI Oregon, LLC") is an organization which administers the "Linux" trademark on behalf of Linus Torvalds for computer software which includes the Linux kernel, computer hardware utilizing Linux-based software, and for services associated with the implementation and documentation of Linux-based products.
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Linux Mint
Linux Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based on Debian and Ubuntu that strives to be a "modern, elegant and comfortable operating system which is both powerful and easy to use." Linux Mint provides full out-of-the-box multimedia support by including some proprietary software and comes bundled with a variety of free and open-source applications.
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LinuxTag
LinuxTag (the name is a compound with the German Tag meaning assembly, conference or meeting) is a free software exposition with an emphasis on Linux (but also BSD), held annually in Germany.
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Little penguin
The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin.
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LWN.net
LWN.net is a computing webzine with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.
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Market capitalization
Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares.
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Memory management unit
A memory management unit (MMU), sometimes called paged memory management unit (PMMU), is a computer hardware unit having all memory references passed through itself, primarily performing the translation of virtual memory addresses to physical addresses.
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Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.
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Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
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MINIX
MINIX (from "mini-Unix") is a POSIX-compliant (since version 2.0), Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture.
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Monolithic kernel
A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space and is alone in supervisor mode.
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Multics
Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) is an influential early time-sharing operating system, based around the concept of a single-level memory.
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National Zoo & Aquarium
The National Zoo and Aquarium is a privately owned zoo and aquarium in the Australian capital city of Canberra.
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Netscape
Netscape is a brand name associated with the development of the Netscape web browser.
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Netscape Communicator
Netscape Communicator (or Netscape 4) is a discontinued Internet suite produced by Netscape Communications Corporation, and was the fourth major release in the Netscape line of browsers.
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Novell
Novell, Inc. was a software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah.
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OASIS (organization)
The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is a global nonprofit consortium that works on the development, convergence, and adoption of standards for security, Internet of Things, energy, content technologies, emergency management, and other areas.
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Open Source Development Labs
Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) was a non-profit organization supported by a global consortium tasked to "accelerate the deployment of Linux for enterprise computing." Founded in 2000, its goals included "to be the recognized center-of-gravity for the Linux industry." OSDL positioned itself as the "industry's first independent, non-profit lab for developers who are adding enterprise capabilities to Linux." The headquarters was first incorporated in San Francisco but later relocated to Beaverton in Oregon with second facility in Yokohama, Japan.
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OpenDocument
The Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF), also known as OpenDocument, is a ZIP-compressed XML-based file format for spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents.
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OpenOffice.org
OpenOffice.org (OOo), commonly known as OpenOffice, is a discontinued open-source office suite.
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OpenSUSE
openSUSE, formerly SUSE Linux and SuSE Linux Professional, is a Linux-based project and distribution sponsored by SUSE Linux GmbH and other companies.
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Operating Systems: Design and Implementation
Operating Systems: Design and Implementation is a computer science textbook written by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, with help from Albert S. Woodhull.
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Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation, headquartered in Redwood Shores, California.
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Oracle Linux
Oracle Linux (OL, formerly known as Oracle Enterprise Linux) is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006.
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Paging
In computer operating systems, paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory.
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Personal computer
A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.
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Portland, Oregon
Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.
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Portmanteau
A portmanteau or portmanteau word is a linguistic blend of words,, p. 644 in which parts of multiple words or their phones (sounds) are combined into a new word, as in smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, or motel, from motor and hotel.
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Qt (software)
Qt ("cute") is a cross-platform application framework and widget toolkit for creating classic and embedded graphical user interfaces, and applications that run on various software and hardware platforms with little or no change in the underlying codebase, while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed.
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Red Hat
Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinational software company providing open-source software products to the enterprise community.
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Richard Stallman
Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often known by his initials, rms—is an American free software movement activist and programmer.
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Samizdat: And Other Issues Regarding the 'Source' of Open Source Code
Samizdat: And Other Issues Regarding the 'Source' of Open Source Code is a 2004 report by Kenneth Brown.
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SCO Group
SCO, The SCO Group, The TSG Group, Caldera Systems, and Caldera International are the various names of an American software company that became known for acquiring the Santa Cruz Operation's Server Software and Services divisions, and UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, and then, under CEO Darl McBride, pursuing a series of legal battles known as the SCO-Linux controversies.
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Server (computing)
In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients".
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Slackware
Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993.
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Smartphone
A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi.
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Source code
In computing, source code is any collection of code, possibly with comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text.
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SPARC
SPARC, for Scalable Processor Architecture, is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) originally developed by Sun Microsystems.
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SUSE
SUSE is a German-based, multinational, open-source software company that develops and sells Linux products to business customers.
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SUSE Linux
SUSE Linux is a computer operating system.
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Symmetric multiprocessing
Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all input and output devices, and are controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all processors equally, reserving none for special purposes.
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Textbook
A textbook or coursebook (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.
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The Cathedral and the Bazaar
The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (abbreviated CatB) is an essay, and later a book, by Eric S. Raymond on software engineering methods, based on his observations of the Linux kernel development process and his experiences managing an open source project, fetchmail.
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The Register
The Register (nicknamed El Reg) is a British technology news and opinion website co-founded in 1994 by Mike Magee, John Lettice and Ross Alderson.
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Total cost of ownership
Total cost of ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyers and owners determine the direct and indirect costs of a product or system.
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Tux (mascot)
Tux is a penguin character and the official brand character of the Linux kernel.
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Ubuntu (operating system)
Ubuntu (stylized as ubuntu) is a free and open source operating system and Linux distribution based on Debian.
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Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch (also known as Ubuntu Phone) is a mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system that was originally developed by Canonical Ltd. and is now being developed by the UBports community.
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Unity (user interface)
Unity is a graphical shell for the GNOME desktop environment originally developed by Canonical Ltd. for its Ubuntu operating system.
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University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
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University of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto, Helsingfors universitet, Universitas Helsingiensis, abbreviated UH) is a university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but was founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish Åbo) in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo, at that time part of the Swedish Empire.
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Unix
Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
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UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. v. Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
USL v. BSDi was a lawsuit brought in the United States in 1992 by Unix System Laboratories against Berkeley Software Design, Inc and the Regents of the University of California over intellectual property related to the Unix operating system.
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Usenet
Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers.
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Usenet newsgroup
A Usenet newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in different locations using Internet.
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Version 6 Unix
Sixth Edition Unix, also called Version 6 Unix or just V6, was the first version of the Unix operating system to see wide release outside Bell Labs.
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Vyatta
Vyatta is a subsidiary of American telecommunications company AT&T that provides software-based virtual router, virtual firewall and VPN products for Internet Protocol networks (IPv4 and IPv6).
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X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or shortened to simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on UNIX-like computer operating systems.
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X.Org Foundation
The X.Org Foundation is a non-profit corporation chartered to research, develop, support, organize, administrate, standardize, promote, and defend a free and open accelerated graphics stack.
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X.Org Server
X.Org Server is the free and open source implementation of the display server for the X Window System stewarded by the X.Org Foundation.
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X86
x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.
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XFree86
XFree86 was an implementation of the X Window System.
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16-bit
16-bit microcomputers are computers in which 16-bit microprocessors were the norm.
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32-bit
32-bit microcomputers are computers in which 32-bit microprocessors are the norm.
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386BSD
386BSD, sometimes called "Jolix", is a discontinued free Unix-like operating system based on BSD, first released in 1992.
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Redirects here:
Ari Lemmke, History of linux, History of the Linux kernel, Linux history.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux
