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Table of Contents

1. 389 relations: A History of Western Philosophy, A priori and a posteriori, Abingdon-on-Thames, Abolitionism, Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron, Academy, Adele Schopenhauer, Aenesidemus (book), Aesthetics, Afanasy Fet, Agnes Taubert, Alain de Botton, Albert Einstein, Aleister Crowley, Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Anglicanism, Anglophile, Animal ethics, Animal magnetism, Anthropic principle, Anti-Judaism, Antico Caffè Greco, Antinatalism, Anxiety, Aristarchus of Samos, Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, Arthur Schopenhauer (sculpture), Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics, Aryan, Asceticism, Atheism, August Böckh, Austria, Axiom, Ātman (Hinduism), Baltasar Gracián, Baruch Spinoza, Battle of Leipzig, Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut, Bertrand Russell, Bhagavad Gita, Biology, Bologna, Brahmin, Bryan Magee, Buddhism, Cambridge, ... Expand index (339 more) » « Shrink index

2. 19th-century German essayists
3. Abolitionists
4. Animal rights scholars
5. Anti-natalists
6. German critics of Christianity
7. German epistemologists
8. German ethicists
9. German flautists
10. German idealists
11. German philosophers of art
12. German philosophers of culture
13. German philosophers of education
14. German philosophers of history
15. German philosophers of language
16. German philosophers of mind
17. German philosophers of religion
18. German philosophers of science
19. German scholars of Buddhism
20. German writers on atheism
21. Metaphilosophers
22. Philosophers of love
23. Philosophers of pessimism
24. Writers from Gdańsk

A History of Western Philosophy

History of Western Philosophy is a 1946 book by British philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and A History of Western Philosophy

A priori and a posteriori

A priori ('from the earlier') and a posteriori ('from the later') are Latin phrases used in philosophy to distinguish types of knowledge, justification, or argument by their reliance on experience.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and A priori and a posteriori

Abingdon-on-Thames

Abingdon-on-Thames, commonly known as Abingdon, is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Thames in the Vale of the White Horse district of Oxfordshire, England.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Abingdon-on-Thames

Abolitionism

Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Abolitionism

Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron

Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron (7 December 173117 January 1805) was the first professional French Indologist.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron

Academy

An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Academy

Adele Schopenhauer

Luise Adelaide Lavinia Schopenhauer, known as Adele Schopenhauer (12 July 1797 – 25 August 1849), was a German author.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Adele Schopenhauer

Aenesidemus (book)

Aenesidemus is a German book published anonymously by Professor Gottlob Ernst Schulze of Helmstedt in 1792.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Aenesidemus (book)

Aesthetics

Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Aesthetics

Afanasy Fet

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (a), later known as Shenshin (a; –), was a renowned Russian poet regarded as the finest master of lyric verse in Russian literature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Afanasy Fet

Agnes Taubert

Agnes Marie Constanze von Hartmann (7 January 1844 – 8 May 1877), who wrote under the name A. Taubert, was a German philosopher and writer. Arthur Schopenhauer and Agnes Taubert are 19th-century German philosophers and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Agnes Taubert

Alain de Botton

Alain de Botton (born 20 December 1969) is a Swiss-born British author and public speaker.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Alain de Botton

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Albert Einstein

Aleister Crowley

Aleister Crowley (born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, philosopher, political theorist, novelist, mountaineer, and painter.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Aleister Crowley

Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz

General Alfred Candidus Ferdinand, Prince of Windischgrätz (Alfred Candidus Ferdinand Fürst zu Windischgrätz; 11 May 178721 March 1862), a member of an old Austro-Bohemian House of Windischgrätz, was a Field Marshal in the Austrian army.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz

Analytic–synthetic distinction

The analytic–synthetic distinction is a semantic distinction used primarily in philosophy to distinguish between propositions (in particular, statements that are affirmative subject–predicate judgments) that are of two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Analytic–synthetic distinction

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ancient Egypt

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ancient Greek

Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Anglicanism

Anglophile

An Anglophile is a person who admires or loves England, its people, its culture, its language, and/or its various accents.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Anglophile

Animal ethics

Animal ethics is a branch of ethics which examines human-animal relationships, the moral consideration of animals and how nonhuman animals ought to be treated.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Animal ethics

Animal magnetism

Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a theory invented by German doctor Franz Mesmer in the 18th century.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Animal magnetism

Anthropic principle

The anthropic principle, also known as the observation selection effect, is the hypothesis that the range of possible observations that could be made about the universe is limited by the fact that observations are only possible in the type of universe that is capable of developing intelligent life.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Anthropic principle

Anti-Judaism

Anti-Judaism is a term which is used to describe a range of historic and current ideologies which are totally or partially based on opposition to Judaism, on the denial or the abrogation of the Mosaic covenant, and the replacement of Jewish people by the adherents of another religion, political theology, or way of life which is held to have superseded theirs as the "light to the nations" or God's chosen people.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Anti-Judaism

Antico Caffè Greco

The Antico Caffè Greco, sometimes simply referred to as Caffè Greco, is a historic landmark café which opened in 1760 on Via dei Condotti in Rome, Italy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Antico Caffè Greco

Antinatalism

Antinatalism or anti-natalism is a family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction — they consider coming into existence as it exists presently is immoral.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Antinatalism

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Anxiety

Aristarchus of Samos

Aristarchus of Samos (Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ Σάμιος, Aristarkhos ho Samios) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth revolving around the Sun once a year and rotating about its axis once a day.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Aristarchus of Samos

Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren

Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren (25 October 1760, Arbergen6 March 1842, Göttingen) was a German historian. Arthur Schopenhauer and Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren

Arthur Schopenhauer (sculpture)

Arthur Schopenhauer is a sculpture of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer by sculptor Elisabet Ney.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Arthur Schopenhauer (sculpture)

Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics

Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics result from his philosophical doctrine of the primacy of the metaphysical Will as the Kantian thing-in-itself, the ground of life and all being.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics

Aryan

Aryan or Arya (Indo-Iranian arya) is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (an-arya).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Aryan

Asceticism

Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Asceticism

Atheism

Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Atheism

August Böckh

August Böckh or Boeckh (24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian. Arthur Schopenhauer and August Böckh are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and August Böckh

Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Austria

Axiom

An axiom, postulate, or assumption is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Axiom

Ātman (Hinduism)

Ātman (आत्मन्) is a Sanskrit word for the true or eternal Self or the self-existent essence or impersonal witness-consciousness within each individual.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ātman (Hinduism)

Baltasar Gracián

Baltasar Gracián y Morales, S.J. (8 January 16016 December 1658), better known as Baltasar Gracián, was a Spanish Jesuit and Baroque prose writer and philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Baltasar Gracián are Aphorists and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Baltasar Gracián

Baruch Spinoza

Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 163221 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin. Arthur Schopenhauer and Baruch Spinoza are critics of Judaism, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists and philosophy writers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Baruch Spinoza

Battle of Leipzig

The Battle of Leipzig (Bataille de Leipsick; Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig,; Slaget vid Leipzig), also known as the Battle of the Nations, was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Saxony.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Battle of Leipzig

Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut

Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut (22 December 1775 – 4 November 1832) was a German mathematician. Arthur Schopenhauer and Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British mathematician, logician, philosopher, and public intellectual. Arthur Schopenhauer and Bertrand Russell are Atheist philosophers, logicians, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of literature, philosophers of love and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Bertrand Russell

Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita (translit-std), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture, which is part of the epic Mahabharata.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Bhagavad Gita

Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Biology

Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region, in northern Italy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Bologna

Brahmin

Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is a varna (caste) within Hindu society.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Brahmin

Bryan Magee

Bryan Edgar Magee (12 April 1930 – 26 July 2019) was a British philosopher, broadcaster, politician and author, best known for bringing philosophy to a popular audience.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Bryan Magee

Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Buddhism

Cambridge

Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Cambridge

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Cambridge University Press

Carlsbad Decrees

The Carlsbad Decrees (Karlsbader Beschlüsse) were a set of reactionary restrictions introduced in the states of the German Confederation by resolution of the Bundesversammlung on 20 September 1819 after a conference held in the spa town of Carlsbad, Austrian Empire.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Carlsbad Decrees

Caroline Medon

Caroline Medon, real name Caroline Wilhelmine Richter, (3 January 1802 – 6 June 1882Antonius Lux: Große Frauen der Weltgeschichte. Tausend Biographien in Wort und Bild., Munich 1963, p. 391.) was a German opera singer and stage actress who became known as a lover of Arthur Schopenhauer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Caroline Medon

Cartesianism

Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre, Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Cartesianism

Castration

Castration is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which a male loses use of the testicles: the male gonad.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Castration

Chandogya Upanishad

The Chandogya Upanishad (Sanskrit: छान्दोग्योपनिषद्, IAST: Chāndogyopaniṣad) is a Sanskrit text embedded in the Chandogya Brahmana of the Sama Veda of Hinduism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Chandogya Upanishad

Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Charles Darwin

Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Cholera

Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen

Christian Charles Josias, Baron von Bunsen (25 August 1791 – 28 November 1860), was a German diplomat and scholar. Arthur Schopenhauer and Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen

Christian mysticism

Christian mysticism is the tradition of mystical practices and mystical theology within Christianity which "concerns the preparation for, the consciousness of, and the effect of a direct and transformative presence of God" or divine love.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Christian mysticism

Christopher Janaway

Christopher Janaway is a philosopher and author. Arthur Schopenhauer and Christopher Janaway are Atheist philosophers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Christopher Janaway

Concept

A concept is defined as an abstract idea.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Concept

Continental philosophy

Continental philosophy is an umbrella term for philosophies prominent in continental Europe.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Continental philosophy

Cosmopolitanism

Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all human beings are members of a single community.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Cosmopolitanism

Creator in Buddhism

Generally speaking, Buddhism is a religion that does not include the belief in a monotheistic creator deity.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Creator in Buddhism

Criticism of religion

Criticism of religion involves criticism of the validity, concept, or ideas of religion.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Criticism of religion

Critique of Pure Reason

The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft; 1781; second edition 1787) is a book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, in which the author seeks to determine the limits and scope of metaphysics.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Critique of Pure Reason

Critique of the Kantian philosophy

"Critique of the Kantian philosophy" (German: "Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie") is a criticism Arthur Schopenhauer appended to the first volume of his The World as Will and Representation (1818).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Critique of the Kantian philosophy

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Corona Regni Poloniae) was a political and legal idea formed in the 14th century, assuming unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

Cymbeline

Cymbeline, also known as The Tragedie of Cymbeline or Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early historical Celtic British King Cunobeline.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Cymbeline

Daniel Albright

Daniel Albright (October 29, 1945 – January 3, 2015) was the Ernest Bernbaum Professor of Literature at Harvard and the editor of Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Sources.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Daniel Albright

Dara Shikoh

Dara Shikoh, also transliterated as Dara Shukoh, (20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659) was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Dara Shikoh

David Benatar

David Benatar (born 8 December 1966) is a South African philosopher, academic, and author. Arthur Schopenhauer and David Benatar are anti-natalists and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and David Benatar

David Hume

David Hume (born David Home; – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who was best known for his highly influential system of empiricism, philosophical skepticism and metaphysical naturalism. Arthur Schopenhauer and David Hume are Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of logic, philosophers of psychology, philosophy writers and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and David Hume

Despotism

In political science, despotism (despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Despotism

Dharma

Dharma (धर्म) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism), among others.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Dharma

Disenchantment

In social science, disenchantment (Entzauberung) is the cultural rationalization and devaluation of religion apparent in modern society.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Disenchantment

Dresden

Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Dresden

Eastern philosophy

Eastern philosophy (also called Asian philosophy or oriental philosophy) includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia, including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy, and Vietnamese philosophy; which are dominant in East Asia, and Indian philosophy (including Hindu philosophy, Jain philosophy, Buddhist philosophy), which are dominant in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Eastern philosophy

Eduard von Hartmann

Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann (23 February 1842 – 5 June 1906) was a German philosopher, independent scholar and author of Philosophy of the Unconscious (1869). Arthur Schopenhauer and Eduard von Hartmann are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Eduard von Hartmann

Egalitarianism

Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Egalitarianism

Elisabet Ney

Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney (January 26, 1833 – June 29, 1907) was a German-American sculptor who spent the first half of her life and career in Europe, producing portraits of famous leaders such as Otto von Bismarck, Giuseppe Garibaldi and King George V of Hanover.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Elisabet Ney

Empirical evidence

Empirical evidence for a proposition is evidence, i.e. what supports or counters this proposition, that is constituted by or accessible to sense experience or experimental procedure.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Empirical evidence

Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Encyclopædia Britannica

Ernestine Gymnasium, Gotha

The Ernestine Gymnasium (Latin name: Ernestinum, used in German) is a humanistic and modern gymnasium in Gotha, Germany, the successor of the Illustrious Gymnasium (Gymnasium illustre), founded in 1524, which in 1853 was merged with the recently founded Real-Gymnasium Ernestinum, named in honour of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ernestine Gymnasium, Gotha

Ernst Gottfried Fischer

Ernst Gottfried Fischer (17 July 1754 – 27 January 1831) was a German chemist.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ernst Gottfried Fischer

Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or, was a Nobel Prize–winning Austrian and naturalized Irish physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum theory. Arthur Schopenhauer and Erwin Schrödinger are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Erwin Schrödinger

Ethics (Spinoza book)

Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order (Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata), usually known as the Ethics, is a philosophical treatise written in Latin by Baruch Spinoza (Benedictus de Spinoza).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ethics (Spinoza book)

Ethnic groups in Europe

Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ethnic groups in Europe

Ettore Majorana

Ettore Majorana (uploaded 19 April 2013, retrieved 14 December 2019; born on 5 August 1906 – likely dying in or after 1959) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ettore Majorana

Euclid's Elements

The Elements (Στοιχεῖα) is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid 300 BC.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Euclid's Elements

Euclidean geometry

Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Euclidean geometry

Eugene Thacker

Eugene Thacker is an American author. Arthur Schopenhauer and Eugene Thacker are Aphorists and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Eugene Thacker

Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Eugenics

Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Evolution

Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Evolutionary psychology

Existential nihilism

Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Existential nihilism

Eye of a needle

The term "eye of a needle" is used as a metaphor for a very narrow opening.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Eye of a needle

F. A. Brockhaus AG

F.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and F. A. Brockhaus AG

Felix Lichnowsky

Felix (von) Lichnowsky, fully Felix Maria Vincenz Andreas Fürst von Lichnowsky, Graf von Werdenberg (Félix Lichnowsky; 5 April 1814 – 19 September 1848) was a son of the historian Eduard Lichnowsky who had written a history of the Habsburg family.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Felix Lichnowsky

Feminism

Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Feminism

Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Florence

Four Noble Truths

In Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths (caturāriyasaccāni; "The Four Arya Satya") are "the truths of the Noble Ones", the truths or realities for the "spiritually worthy ones".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Four Noble Truths

Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, 1st Lord Verulam, PC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I. Arthur Schopenhauer and Francis Bacon are logicians, Ontologists and philosophers of logic.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Francis Bacon

Frankfurt

Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Frankfurt

Franz Passow

Franz Ludwig Carl Friedrich Passow (20 September 1786 – 11 March 1833) was a German classical scholar and lexicographer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Franz Passow

Frederick C. Beiser

Frederick Charles Beiser (born November 27, 1949) is an American philosopher who is professor emeritus of philosophy at Syracuse University.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Frederick C. Beiser

Frederick Copleston

Frederick Charles Copleston (10 April 1907 – 3 February 1994) was an English Jesuit priest, philosopher, and historian of philosophy, best known for his influential multi-volume A History of Philosophy (1946–75).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Frederick Copleston

Free City of Frankfurt

Frankfurt was a major city of the Holy Roman Empire, being the seat of imperial elections since 885 and the city for imperial coronations from 1562 (previously in Free Imperial City of Aachen) until 1792.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Free City of Frankfurt

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and French Revolution

Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus

Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus (4 May 1772 – 20 August 1823) was a German encyclopedia publisher and editor, famed for publishing the Conversations-Lexikon, which is now published as the Brockhaus encyclopedia.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus

Friedrich August Wolf

Friedrich August Wolf (15 February 1759 – 8 August 1824) was a German classicist who is considered the founder of classical and modern philology. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich August Wolf are German philologists and university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich August Wolf

Friedrich Bouterwek

Friedrich Ludewig Bouterwek (15 April 1766 – 9 August 1828) was a German philosopher and critic, born to a mining director at Oker, Electorate of Saxony; today a district of Goslar in Lower Saxony. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Bouterwek are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Bouterwek

Friedrich Christian Rosenthal

Friedrich Christian Rosenthal (June 3, 1780 – December 5, 1829) was a German anatomist who was a native of Greifswald.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Christian Rosenthal

Friedrich Gotthilf Osann

Friedrich Gotthilf Osann (August 22, 1794, in Weimar – 30 November 1858, in Giessen) was a German classical philologist.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Gotthilf Osann

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (25 January 1743 – 10 March 1819) was an influential German philosopher, literary figure, and socialite. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers and German idealists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi

Friedrich Laun

Friedrich August Schulze (1 June 1770 – 4 September 1849) was a German novelist, who wrote under the pen name Friedrich Laun.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Laun

Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, Aphorists, critical theorists, critics of religions, German critics of Christianity, German epistemologists, German ethicists, German male essayists, German philosophers of art, German philosophers of culture, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of religion, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of literature, philosophers of psychology, philosophy writers and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (21 November 1768 – 12 February 1834) was a German Reformed theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Schleiermacher are 19th-century German essayists, 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers, academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin, German epistemologists, German ethicists, German idealists, German logicians, German philosophers of culture, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of religion, German political philosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of logic and philosophers of psychology.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Schleiermacher

Friedrich Stromeyer

Friedrich Stromeyer FRS(For) FRSE (2 August 1776 – 18 August 1835) was a German chemist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Stromeyer are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Stromeyer

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling are 19th-century German philosophers, academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin, German epistemologists, German idealists, German philosophers of art and German philosophers of religion.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Gdańsk

Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Gdańsk

General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and General relativity

Geometry

Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Geometry

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy. Arthur Schopenhauer and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel are 19th-century German essayists, 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin, German idealists, German male essayists, German philosophers of art, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of language, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of religion, German political philosophers and philosophy writers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

George Berkeley

George Berkeley (12 March 168514 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland) – was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and George Berkeley

George Santayana

George Santayana (b. Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952), was a Spanish-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Arthur Schopenhauer and George Santayana are Aphorists, Atheist philosophers, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, Phenomenologists, philosophers of literature and philosophers of logic.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and George Santayana

German Confederation

The German Confederation was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and German Confederation

German idealism

German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and German idealism

German literature

German literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and German literature

German nationalism

German nationalism is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and of the Germanosphere into one unified nation-state.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and German nationalism

German revolutions of 1848–1849

The German revolutions of 1848–1849 (Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and German revolutions of 1848–1849

Gioachino Rossini

Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces and some sacred music.

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Giordano Bruno

Giordano Bruno (Iordanus Brunus Nolanus; born Filippo Bruno, January or February 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian philosopher, poet, alchemist, astronomer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Giordano Bruno are Ontologists, philosophers of logic and philosophy writers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Giordano Bruno

Gottlob Ernst Schulze

Gottlob Ernst Schulze (23 August 1761 – 14 January 1833) was a German philosopher, born in Heldrungen (modern-day Thuringia, Germany). Arthur Schopenhauer and Gottlob Ernst Schulze are 19th-century German philosophers and German idealists.

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Gottlob Frege

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician. Arthur Schopenhauer and Gottlob Frege are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers, German epistemologists, German logicians, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of language, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of science, Ontologists, philosophers of logic and university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Gottlob Frege

Guy de Maupassant

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a master of the short story, as well as a representative of the naturalist school, depicting human lives, destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Guy de Maupassant

Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hamburg

Hans Adolf Erdmann von Auerswald

Hans Adolf Erdmann von Auerswald (1792 – September 18, 1848) was a Prussian general and politician.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hans Adolf Erdmann von Auerswald

Hans Vaihinger

Hans Vaihinger (September 25, 1852 – December 18, 1933) was a German philosopher, best known as a Kant scholar and for his Die Philosophie des Als Ob (The Philosophy of 'As if'), published in 1911 although its statement of basic principles had been written more than thirty years earlier. Arthur Schopenhauer and Hans Vaihinger are Kantian philosophers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hans Vaihinger

Harem

Harem (lit) refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Harem

Hearing loss

Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hearing loss

Hedgehog's dilemma

The hedgehog's dilemma, or sometimes the porcupine dilemma, is a metaphor about the challenges of human intimacy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hedgehog's dilemma

Heinrich Schrader (botanist)

Heinrich Adolf Schrader (1 January 1767 in Alfeld near Hildesheim – 22 October 1836 in Göttingen) was a German botanist and mycologist.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Heinrich Schrader (botanist)

Helen Zimmern

Helen Zimmern (25 March 1846 – 11 January 1934) was a naturalised British writer and translator born in Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Helen Zimmern

Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability. Arthur Schopenhauer and Hermann von Helmholtz are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hermann von Helmholtz

Hicetas

Hicetas (Ἱκέτας or Ἱκέτης; c. 400 – c. 335 BC) was a Greek philosopher of the Pythagorean School.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hicetas

Hindu texts

Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hinduism

Hinrich Lichtenstein

Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein (10 January 1780 – 2 September 1857) was a German physician, explorer, botanist and zoologist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Hinrich Lichtenstein are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hinrich Lichtenstein

History of Hinduism

The history of Hinduism covers a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and History of Hinduism

History of philosophical pessimism

Philosophical pessimism is a philosophical school critical of existence.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and History of philosophical pessimism

History of religion

The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and History of religion

Horace

Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC),Suetonius,. commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96. Arthur Schopenhauer and Horace are simple living advocates.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Horace

Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Humboldt University of Berlin

Hyperbolic geometry

In mathematics, hyperbolic geometry (also called Lobachevskian geometry or Bolyai–Lobachevskian geometry) is a non-Euclidean geometry.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Hyperbolic geometry

Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Arthur Schopenhauer and Immanuel Kant are 19th-century German essayists, 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, German epistemologists, German ethicists, German idealists, German logicians, German male essayists, German philosophers of art, German philosophers of culture, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of religion, German philosophers of science, German political philosophers, Kantian philosophers, logicians, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of literature, philosophers of logic, philosophy writers and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Immanuel Kant

Inca Empire

The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (Tawantinsuyu, "four parts together"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Inca Empire

Indian philosophy

Indian philosophy consists of philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Indian philosophy

Indian religions

Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Indian religions

Individuation

The principle of individuation, or principium individuationis, describes the manner in which a thing is identified as distinct from other things.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Individuation

Indology

Indology, also known as South Asian studies, is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of the Indian subcontinent, and as such is a subset of Asian studies.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Indology

Intellect

In the study of the human mind, intellect is the ability of the human mind to reach correct conclusions about what is true and what is false in reality; and includes capacities such as reasoning, conceiving, judging, and relating.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Intellect

Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Internet Archive

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a scholarly online encyclopedia with 880 articles about philosophy, philosophers, and related topics.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Intuition

Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge, without recourse to conscious reasoning or needing an explanation.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Intuition

Intuitionism

In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach where mathematics is considered to be purely the result of the constructive mental activity of humans rather than the discovery of fundamental principles claimed to exist in an objective reality.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Intuitionism

Irvin D. Yalom

Irvin David Yalom (born June 13, 1931) is an American existential psychiatrist who is an emeritus professor of psychiatry at Stanford University, as well as author of both fiction and nonfiction.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Irvin D. Yalom

Jack Matthews (author)

Jack Matthews (July 22, 1925 – November 28, 2013) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, playwright and former professor.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Jack Matthews (author)

Jakob Friedrich Fries

Jakob Friedrich Fries (23 August 1773 – 10 August 1843) was a German post-KantianTerry Pinkard, German Philosophy 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism, Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. Arthur Schopenhauer and Jakob Friedrich Fries are 19th-century German philosophers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Jakob Friedrich Fries

James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist with broad interests who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and James Clerk Maxwell

Johann Elert Bode

Johann Elert Bode (19 January 1747 – 23 November 1826) was a German astronomer known for his reformulation and popularisation of the Titius–Bode law.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Elert Bode

Johann Friedrich Böhmer

Johann Friedrich Böhmer (22 April 179522 October 1863) was a German historian. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Friedrich Böhmer are Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery and university of Göttingen alumni.

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Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German writers and university of Göttingen alumni.

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Johann Gottfried Herder

Johann Gottfried von Herder (25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Gottfried Herder are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers, German ethicists, German idealists, German philosophers of art, German philosophers of culture, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of language, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of science, German political philosophers and philosophers of literature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Gottfried Herder

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Gottlieb Fichte are 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers, academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin and German idealists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Johann Gottlob von Quandt

Johann Gottlob von Quandt (9 April 1787 – 19 June 1859) was a German artist, art scholar, and collector.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Gottlob von Quandt

Johann Horkel

Johann Horkel (8 September 1769 in Burg auf Fehmarn – 15 November 1846 in Berlin) was a German physician and botanist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Horkel are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Horkel

Johann Tobias Mayer

Johann Tobias Mayer (5 May 1752 – 30 November 1830) was a German physicist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Tobias Mayer are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Tobias Mayer

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe are 19th-century German essayists, 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, German ethicists, German male essayists, German philosophers of art, German philosophers of culture, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of language, German philosophers of science, German political philosophers, philosophers of literature, philosophy writers and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johanna Schopenhauer

Johanna Schopenhauer (née Trosiener; 9 July 1766 – 17 April 1838) was the first German woman to publish books without a pseudonym, an influential literary salon host, and in the 1820s a popular author in Germany. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johanna Schopenhauer are German people of Dutch descent and writers from Gdańsk.

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Johannes Volkelt

Johannes Immanuel Volkelt (21 July 1848 in Lipnik near Biala, Austrian Galicia – 8 May 1930 in Leipzig) was a German philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Johannes Volkelt are 19th-century German philosophers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Johannes Volkelt

John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and John Locke

Jorge Luis Borges

Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator regarded as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. Arthur Schopenhauer and Jorge Luis Borges are Aphorists, philosophers of literature and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Jorge Luis Borges

Joris-Karl Huysmans

Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans (5 February 1848 – 12 May 1907) was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as Joris-Karl Huysmans (variably abbreviated as J. K. or J.-K.). He is most famous for the novel À rebours (1884, published in English as Against the Grain and as Against Nature).

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Jules Lunteschütz

Jules Lunteschütz (February 9, 1821March 20, 1893) was a Franco-German portrait painter noted for his portrait of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Jules Lunteschütz

Julius Bahnsen

Julius Friedrich August Bahnsen (30 March 1830 – 7 December 1881) was a German philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Julius Bahnsen are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers, German epistemologists, German philosophers of art, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of mind, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of pessimism and philosophers of psychology.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Julius Bahnsen

Julius Frauenstädt

Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt (April 17, 1813, Bojanowo, Posen – January 13, 1879, Berlin) was a German philosopher and editor. Arthur Schopenhauer and Julius Frauenstädt are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers and 19th-century German writers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Julius Frauenstädt

Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Karl August, sometimes anglicised as Charles Augustus (3 September 1757 – 14 June 1828), was the sovereign Duke of Saxe-Weimar and of Saxe-Eisenach (in personal union) from 1758, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from its creation (as a political union) in 1809, and grand duke from 1815 until his death.

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Karl Christian Friedrich Krause

Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (6 May 1781 – 27 September 1832) was a German philosopher whose doctrines became known as Krausism. Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Christian Friedrich Krause are 19th-century German essayists, 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, German epistemologists, German idealists, German male essayists, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of mind, German philosophers of religion, Ontologists, philosophers of love and philosophy writers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Christian Friedrich Krause

Karl Ludwig Fernow

Karl Ludwig Fernow (19 November 1763 – 4 December 1808) was a German art critic and archaeologist.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Ludwig Fernow

Karl Popper

Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian–British philosopher, academic and social commentator. Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Popper are critics of religions, logicians, Ontologists, philosophers of logic and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Popper

Karl Witte

Johann Heinrich Friedrich Karl Witte (July1, 1800March6, 1883) was a German jurist and scholar of Dante Alighieri. Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Witte are 19th-century German philosophers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Karl Witte

Karoline Jagemann

Baroness Karoline Jagemann von Heygendorff (25 January 1777, in Weimar – 10 July 1848, in Dresden) was a major German tragedienne and singer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Karoline Jagemann

Keiji Nishitani

was a Japanese philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Keiji Nishitani are Ontologists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Keiji Nishitani

Keith Ansell-Pearson

Keith Ansell-Pearson is a British philosopher specialising in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Keith Ansell-Pearson

Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Kingdom of Prussia

Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck

Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck (5 December 1776 – 24 January 1851) was a German surgeon, ophthalmologist and anatomist who was a native of Horneburg.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck

Konrad Wachsmann

Konrad Wachsmann (May 16, 1901 in Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany – November 25, 1980 in Los Angeles, California) was a German Jewish modernist architect.

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Kyrios

Kyrios or kurios (translit) is a Greek word that is usually translated as "lord" or "master".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Kyrios

L. E. J. Brouwer

Luitzen Egbertus Jan "Bertus" Brouwer (27 February 1881 – 2 December 1966) was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis. Arthur Schopenhauer and L. E. J. Brouwer are philosophers of logic.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and L. E. J. Brouwer

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Latin

Law of noncontradiction

In logic, the law of non-contradiction (LNC) (also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that contradictory propositions cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e. g. the two propositions "p is the case" and "p is not the case" are mutually exclusive.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Law of noncontradiction

Laws (dialogue)

The Laws (Greek: Νόμοι, Nómoi; Latin: De Legibus) is Plato's last and longest dialogue.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Laws (dialogue)

Le Havre

Le Havre (Lé Hâvre) is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Le Havre

Left-hand path and right-hand path

In Western esotericism, left-hand path and right-hand path are two opposing approaches to magic.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Left-hand path and right-hand path

Leipzig

Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Leipzig

Leo Tolstoy

Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as, which corresponds to the romanization Lyov. Arthur Schopenhauer and Leo Tolstoy are Ontologists and philosophers of literature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Leo Tolstoy

Libido

In psychology, libido (from the Latin, 'desire') is psychic drive or energy, usually conceived as sexual in nature, but sometimes conceived as including other forms of desire.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Libido

LibriVox

LibriVox is a group of worldwide volunteers who read and record public domain texts, creating free public domain audiobooks for download from their website and other digital library hosting sites on the internet.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and LibriVox

Life Is Beautiful

Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella) is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni, who co-wrote the film with Vincenzo Cerami.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Life Is Beautiful

Limited government

In political philosophy, limited government is the concept of a government limited in power.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Limited government

List of nicknames of philosophers

Some philosophers have commonly used nicknames.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and List of nicknames of philosophers

Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Logic

Longman

Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Longman

Lope de Vega

Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (25 November 156227 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist who was a key figure in the Spanish Golden Age (1492–1659) of Baroque literature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Lope de Vega

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. Arthur Schopenhauer and Ludwig Wittgenstein are Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of logic, philosophy writers and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ludwig Wittgenstein

Magic (supernatural)

Magic is an ancient practice rooted in rituals, spiritual divinations, and/or cultural lineage—with an intention to invoke, manipulate, or otherwise manifest supernatural forces, beings, or entities in the natural world.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Magic (supernatural)

Mahāvākyas

The Mahāvākyas (sing.:, महावाक्यम्; plural:, महावाक्यानि) are "The Great Sayings" of the Upanishads, as characterized by the Advaita school of Vedanta with mahā meaning great and vākya, a sentence.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Mahāvākyas

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Major depressive disorder

Malwida von Meysenbug

Malwida von Meysenbug (28 October 1816 — 23 April 1903) was a German writer, her work including Memoirs of an Idealist, the first volume of which she published anonymously in 1869.

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Mannheim

Mannheim (Palatine German: Mannem or Monnem), officially the University City of Mannheim (Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 21st-largest city, with a 2021 population of 311,831 inhabitants.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Mannheim

Mario Bunge

Mario Augusto Bunge (September 21, 1919 – February 24, 2020) was an Argentine-Canadian philosopher and physicist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Mario Bunge are Atheist philosophers, Metaphilosophers, Ontologists, philosophers of logic and philosophers of psychology.

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Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio T. Ficino (Latin name: Marsilius Ficinus; 19 October 1433 – 1 October 1499) was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. Arthur Schopenhauer and Marsilio Ficino are Metaphilosophers and Ontologists.

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Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist. Arthur Schopenhauer and Martin Heinrich Klaproth are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

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Massacre of the Innocents (Reni)

Massacre of the Innocents is a painting by the Italian Baroque painter Guido Reni, created in 1611 for the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna, but now in the Pinacoteca Nazionale in that same city.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Massacre of the Innocents (Reni)

Mating

In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Mating

Matter

In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Matter

Maya (religion)

Maya (Devanagari: माया, IAST), literally "illusion" or "magic", has multiple meanings in Indian philosophies depending on the context.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Maya (religion)

Meditation

Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique to train attention and awareness and detach from reflexive, "discursive thinking," achieving a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state, while not judging the meditation process itself.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Meditation

Mel Thompson (writer)

Mel Thompson (born 1946) is an English writer and philosopher.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Mel Thompson (writer)

Mental representation

A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality or its abstractions.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Mental representation

Metaphysics

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Metaphysics

Methodology

In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Methodology

Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Michael Faraday

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was an Early Modern Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Miguel de Cervantes

Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Milan

Misotheism

Misotheism is the "hatred of God" or "hatred of the gods" (from the Greek adjective (μισόθεος) "hating the gods" or "God-hating" – a compound of, μῖσος, "hatred" and, θεός, "god").

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Misotheism

Monism

Monism attributes oneness or singleness to a concept, such as to existence.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Monism

Monogamy

Monogamy is a relationship of two individuals in which they form an exclusive intimate partnership.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Monogamy

Morality

Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Morality

Mortal coil

"Mortal coil" is a poetic term for the troubles of daily life and the strife and suffering of the world.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Mortal coil

Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Munich

Naples

Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Naples

Natural science

Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Natural science

Neo-Kantianism

In late modern continental philosophy, neo-Kantianism (Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Neo-Kantianism

Neoplatonism

Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Neoplatonism

Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Netherlands

Nicolas Malebranche

Nicolas Malebranche (6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715) was a French Oratorian Catholic priest and rationalist philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Nicolas Malebranche are Ontologists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Nicolas Malebranche

Nigel Rodgers

Nigel Rodgers (born 1953) is a British writer, environmentalist and critic.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Nigel Rodgers

Nihilism

Nihilism is a family of views within philosophy that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence, such as knowledge, morality, or meaning.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Nihilism

Nirvana

Nirvana (निर्वाण nirvāṇa; Pali: nibbāna; Prakrit: ṇivvāṇa; literally, "blown out", as in an oil lampRichard Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benāres to Modern Colombo. Routledge) is a concept in Indian religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism), the extinguishing of the passions which is the ultimate state of soteriological release and the liberation from duḥkha ('suffering') and saṃsāra, the cycle of birth and rebirth.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Nirvana

Noumenon

In philosophy, a noumenon (from νοούμενoν;: noumena) is knowledge posited as an object that exists independently of human sense.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Noumenon

Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Nuremberg

Olga Plümacher

Olga Marie Pauline Plümacher (née Hünerwadel; 27 May 1839 –) was a Russian-born Swiss-American philosopher and scholar. Arthur Schopenhauer and Olga Plümacher are philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Olga Plümacher

On the Basis of Morality

On the Basis of Morality or On the Basis of Morals (Ueber die Grundlage der Moral, 1839) is one of Arthur Schopenhauer's major works in ethics, in which he argues that morality stems from compassion.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and On the Basis of Morality

On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (Ueber die vierfache Wurzel des Satzes vom zureichenden Grunde) is an elaboration on the classical principle of sufficient reason, written by German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer as his doctoral dissertation in 1813.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

On the Freedom of the Will

On the Freedom of the Will (Ueber die Freiheit des Willens) is an essay presented to the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences in 1838 by Arthur Schopenhauer as a response to the academic question that they had posed: "Is it possible to demonstrate human free will from self-consciousness?" It is one of the constituent essays of his work Die beiden Grundprobleme der Ethik (The Two Basic Problems of Ethics).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and On the Freedom of the Will

On Vision and Colours

On Vision and Colors (originally translated as On Vision and Colours; Ueber das Sehn und die Farben) is a treatise by Arthur Schopenhauer that was published in May 1816 when the author was 28 years old.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and On Vision and Colours

Ontology

Ontology is the philosophical study of being.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Ontology

Oriental studies

Oriental studies is the academic field that studies Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Oriental studies

Original sin

Original sin is the Christian doctrine that holds that humans, through the act of birth, inherit a tainted nature with a proclivity to sinful conduct in need of regeneration.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Original sin

Otto Weininger

Otto Weininger (3 April 1880 – 4 October 1903) was an Austrian philosopher who lived in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Arthur Schopenhauer and Otto Weininger are anti-natalists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Otto Weininger

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Oxford University Press

Parallel postulate

In geometry, the parallel postulate, also called Euclid's fifth postulate because it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's ''Elements'', is a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Parallel postulate

Paranormal

Paranormal events are purported phenomena described in popular culture, folk, and other non-scientific bodies of knowledge, whose existence within these contexts is described as being beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Paranormal

Parapsychology

Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Parapsychology

Parerga and Paralipomena

Parerga and Paralipomena (Greek for "Appendices" and "Omissions", respectively; Parerga und Paralipomena) is a collection of philosophical reflections by Arthur Schopenhauer published in 1851.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Parerga and Paralipomena

Patrician (post-Roman Europe)

Patricianship, the quality of belonging to a patriciate, began in the ancient world, where cities such as Ancient Rome had a social class of patrician families, whose members were initially the only people allowed to exercise many political functions.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Patrician (post-Roman Europe)

Patrick Gardiner

Patrick Lancaster Gardiner, FBA (1922–1997) was a British academic philosopher and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Patrick Gardiner

Paul Deussen

Paul Jakob Deussen (7 January 1845 – 6 July 1919) was a German Indologist and professor of philosophy at University of Kiel. Arthur Schopenhauer and Paul Deussen are 19th-century German philosophers and German scholars of Buddhism.

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Paul Erman

Paul Erman (29 February 1764 – 11 October 1851) was a German physicist from Berlin, Brandenburg and a Huguenot of the fourth generation. Arthur Schopenhauer and Paul Erman are academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

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Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach

Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach (14 November 177529 May 1833) was a German legal scholar. Arthur Schopenhauer and Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers and Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach

Pederasty

Pederasty or paederasty is a sexual relationship between an adult man and a boy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Pederasty

Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Pedro Calderón de la Barca (17 January 160025 May 1681) (full name: Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño) was a Spanish dramatist, poet, and writer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Pericles

Pericles (Περικλῆς; – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Pericles

Petrarch

Francis Petrarch (20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Francesco Petrarca), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance and one of the earliest humanists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Petrarch

Phenomenon

A phenomenon (phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Phenomenon

Philipp Mainländer

Philipp Mainländer (5 October 1841 – 1 April 1876) was a German philosopher and poet. Arthur Schopenhauer and Philipp Mainländer are 19th-century German male writers, 19th-century German philosophers, 19th-century German writers, anti-natalists and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philipp Mainländer

Philolaus

Philolaus (Φιλόλαος, Philólaos) was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philolaus

Philosophers Behaving Badly

Philosophers Behaving Badly is a 2004 book by Nigel Rodgers and Mel Thompson.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philosophers Behaving Badly

Philosophical pessimism

Philosophical pessimism is a family of philosophical views that assign a negative value to life or existence.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philosophical pessimism

Philosophical realism

Philosophical realism – usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters – is the view that a certain kind of thing (ranging widely from abstract objects like numbers to moral statements to the physical world itself) has mind-independent existence, i.e.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philosophical realism

Philosophy of mathematics

Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship with other human activities.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philosophy of mathematics

Philosophy of music

Philosophy of music is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature and value of music and our experience of it".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philosophy of music

Philosophy of self

The philosophy of self examines the idea of the self at a conceptual level.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Philosophy of self

Plato

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. Arthur Schopenhauer and Plato are logicians, Ontologists, philosophers of love and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Plato

Plotinus

Plotinus (Πλωτῖνος, Plōtînos; – 270 CE) was a Greek Platonist philosopher, born and raised in Roman Egypt. Arthur Schopenhauer and Plotinus are philosophy writers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Plotinus

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polyamory

Polyamory is the practice of, or desire for, romantic relationships with more than one partner at the same time.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Polyamory

Polygyny

Polygyny is a form of polygamy entailing the marriage of a man to several women.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Polygyny

Polynesia

Polynesia is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Polynesia

Poodle

The Poodle, called the Pudel in German and the Caniche in French, is a breed of water dog.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Poodle

Positivism

Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Positivism

Posthumous publication

Posthumous publication refers to publishing of creative work after the creator's death.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Posthumous publication

Principle of sufficient reason

The principle of sufficient reason states that everything must have a reason or a cause.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Principle of sufficient reason

Protagoras (dialogue)

Protagoras (Πρωταγόρας) is a dialogue by Plato.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Protagoras (dialogue)

Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Prussia

Psyche (psychology)

In psychology, the psyche is the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Psyche (psychology)

Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Psychology

Puruṣārtha

Purushartha (Sanskrit: पुरुषार्थ, IAST) literally means "object(ive) of men".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Puruṣārtha

Rüdiger Safranski

Rüdiger Safranski (born 1 January 1945) is a German philosopher and author.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Rüdiger Safranski

Reincarnation

Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Reincarnation

Republicanism

Republicanism is a Western political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Republicanism

Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Respiratory failure

Rheumatism

Rheumatism or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Rheumatism

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Arthur Schopenhauer and Richard Wagner are 19th-century German essayists and German male essayists.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Richard Wagner

Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Rome

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Routledge

Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters

The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (or Videnskabernes Selskab) is a Danish academy of science.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters

Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters

The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters

Rudolf Seydel

Rudolf Seydel (May 27, 1835 – December 8, 1892) was a German philosopher and theologian born in Dresden. Arthur Schopenhauer and Rudolf Seydel are 19th-century German philosophers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Rudolf Seydel

Rudolstadt

Rudolstadt is a town in the German federal state Thuringia, within the Thuringian Forest, to the southwest, and to Jena and Weimar to the north.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Rudolstadt

Samuel von Pufendorf

Samuel Freiherr von Pufendorf (8 January 1632 – 26 October 1694) was a German jurist, political philosopher, economist and historian. Arthur Schopenhauer and Samuel von Pufendorf are German philosophers of culture, German philosophers of education, German philosophers of history, German philosophers of religion, German political philosophers and philosophers of literature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Samuel von Pufendorf

Sangharakshita

Dennis Philip Edward Lingwood (26 August 192530 October 2018), known more commonly as Sangharakshita, was a British spiritual teacher and writer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Sangharakshita

Sanskrit

Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Sanskrit

Sanskrit literature

Sanskrit literature broadly comprises all literature in the Sanskrit language.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Sanskrit literature

Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was a duchy ruled by the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin in today's Thuringia, Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

Schaffhausen

Schaffhausen (Schafuuse; Schaffhouse; Sciaffusa; Schaffusa), historically known in English as Shaffhouse, is a town with historic roots, a municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of the same name; it has an estimated population of 36,000 It is located right next to the shore of the High Rhine; it is one of four Swiss towns located on the northern side of the Rhine, along with italic, the historic italic, and italic.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Schaffhausen

Scholasticism

Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Scholasticism

Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy

Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy (Schopenhauer und die wilden Jahre der Philosophie.) is a 1987 book by the German writer Rüdiger Safranski.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy

Seneca the Younger

Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (AD 65), usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Seneca the Younger

Sergei Prokofiev

Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (– 5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who later worked in the Soviet Union.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Sergei Prokofiev

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it. Arthur Schopenhauer and Sigmund Freud are critics of religions.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Sigmund Freud

Slavery in the United States

The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Slavery in the United States

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

A Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) is a common name for non-profit animal welfare organizations around the world.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

Sociobiology

Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to explain social behavior in terms of evolution.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Sociobiology

Southwest Review

The Southwest Review is a literary journal published quarterly at Southern Methodist University campus in Dallas, Texas.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Southwest Review

Space

Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Space

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Stanford University

Stanford University centers and institutes

Stanford University has many centers and institutes dedicated to the study of various specific topics.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Stanford University centers and institutes

Stuttgart

Stuttgart (Swabian: italics) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Stuttgart

Suffering

Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Suffering

Supernatural

Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Supernatural

Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Switzerland

Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Syphilis

Taṇhā

(from Pāli; tṛ́ṣṇā) is an important concept in Buddhism, referring to "thirst, desire, longing, greed", either physical or mental.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Taṇhā

Tautology (logic)

In mathematical logic, a tautology (from ταυτολογία) is a formula or assertion that is true in every possible interpretation.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Tautology (logic)

The Art of Being Right

The Art of Being Right: 38 Ways to Win an Argument (also The Art of Controversy, or Eristic Dialectic: The Art of Winning an Argument; German: Eristische Dialektik: Die Kunst, Recht zu behalten; 1831) is an acidulous, sarcastic treatise written by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The Art of Being Right

The Asiatic Society

The Asiatic Society is a Government of India organisation founded during the Company rule in India to enhance and further the cause of "Oriental research" (in this case, research into India and the surrounding regions).

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The Asiatic Society

The Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. Arthur Schopenhauer and the Buddha are philosophers of love.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The Buddha

The Consolations of Philosophy

The Consolations of Philosophy is a non-fiction book by Alain de Botton.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The Consolations of Philosophy

The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871, which applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection, a form of biological adaptation distinct from, yet interconnected with, natural selection.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

The Schopenhauer Cure

The Schopenhauer Cure is a 2005 novel by Irvin D. Yalom, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University, an existentialist, and psychotherapist.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The Schopenhauer Cure

The World as Will and Representation

The World as Will and Representation (WWR; Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, WWV), sometimes translated as The World as Will and Idea, is the central work of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and The World as Will and Representation

Theism

Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of at least one deity.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Theism

Theory of Colours

Theory of Colours (Zur Farbenlehre) is a book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's views on the nature of colours and how they are perceived by humans.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Theory of Colours

Theravada

Theravāda ('School of the Elders') is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Theravada

Thing-in-itself

In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thing-in-itself

Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Hardy

Thomas Heath (classicist)

Sir Thomas Little Heath (5 October 1861 – 16 March 1940) was a British civil servant, mathematician, classical scholar, historian of ancient Greek mathematics, translator, and mountaineer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Heath (classicist)

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher. Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Hobbes are Ontologists and theorists on Western civilization.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Ligotti

Thomas Ligotti (born July 9, 1953) is an American horror writer. Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Ligotti are anti-natalists and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Ligotti

Thomas Mann

Paul Thomas Mann (6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Mann are German male essayists and philosophers of pessimism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Mann

Thuringian Forest

The Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald in German) is a mountain range in the southern parts of the German state of Thuringia, running northwest to southeast.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Thuringian Forest

Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione

Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione (Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect) is an unfinished work of philosophy by the seventeenth-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza, published posthumously in 1677.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (widely abbreviated and cited as TLP) is the only book-length philosophical work by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein that was published during his lifetime.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

Transcendental idealism

Transcendental idealism is a philosophical system founded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the 18th century.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Transcendental idealism

True Detective

True Detective is an American anthology crime drama television series created by Nic Pizzolatto.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and True Detective

Unconscious mind

In psychoanalysis and other psychological theories, the unconscious mind (or the unconscious) is the part of the psyche that is not available to introspection.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Unconscious mind

University of Göttingen

The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, commonly referred to as Georgia Augusta) is a distinguished public research university in the city of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and University of Göttingen

University of Jena

The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form Uni Jena), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and University of Jena

Untimely Meditations

Untimely Meditations (Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen), also translated as Unfashionable Observations and Thoughts Out of Season, consists of four works by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, started in 1873 and completed in 1876.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Untimely Meditations

Upanishads

The Upanishads (उपनिषद्) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Upanishads

Urs App

Urs App (born 1949 in Rorschach, Switzerland) is a historian of ideas, religions, and philosophies with a special interest in the history and modes of interaction between East and West.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Urs App

Vedanta

Vedanta (वेदान्त), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox (''āstika'') traditions of textual exegesis and Hindu philosophy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Vedanta

Vedas

The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Vedas

Venice

Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Venice

Vevey

Vevey (Vevê; Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Leman, near Lausanne.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Vevey

Vincenzo Bellini

Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer, who was known for his long-flowing melodic lines for which he was named "the Swan of Catania".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Vincenzo Bellini

Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)

Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (Влади́мир Серге́евич Соловьёв; –) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, poet, pamphleteer, and literary critic, who played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophy and poetry at the end of the 19th century and in the spiritual renaissance of the early 20th century. Arthur Schopenhauer and Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher) are philosophers of literature and philosophers of love.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)

Voluntarism (philosophy)

Voluntarism is "any metaphysical or psychological system that assigns to the will (Latin: voluntas) a more predominant role than that attributed to the intellect", – Britannica.com or equivalently "the doctrine that will is the basic factor, both in the universe and in human conduct".

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Voluntarism (philosophy)

War and Peace

War and Peace (translit; pre-reform Russian: Война и миръ) is a literary work by Russian author Leo Tolstoy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and War and Peace

War of the Sixth Coalition

In the War of the Sixth Coalition (Guerre de la Sixième Coalition) (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (Befreiungskriege), a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Sardinia, and a number of German States defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and War of the Sixth Coalition

Weimar

Weimar is a city in the German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Weimar

Western esotericism

Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to classify a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Western esotericism

Western philosophy

Western philosophy, the part of philosophical thought and work of the Western world.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Western philosophy

Will (philosophy)

Will, within philosophy, is a faculty of the mind.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Will (philosophy)

William Backhouse Astor Sr.

William Backhouse Astor Sr. (September 19, 1792 – November 24, 1875) was an American business magnate who inherited most of his father John Jacob Astor's fortune. Arthur Schopenhauer and William Backhouse Astor Sr. are university of Göttingen alumni.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and William Backhouse Astor Sr.

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and William Shakespeare

William Swan Sonnenschein

William Swan Sonnenschein (5 May 1855 – 31 January 1931), known from 1917 as William Swan Stallybrass, was a British publisher, editor and bibliographer.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and William Swan Sonnenschein

Wimbledon, London

Wimbledon is a district and town of south-west London, England, southwest of the centre of London at Charing Cross; it is the main commercial centre of the London Borough of Merton.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Wimbledon, London

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Wolfgang Pauli

Wooden iron

Wooden iron (German: hölzernes Eisen) is a polemical term often used in philosophical rhetoric to describe the impossibility of an opposing argument.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Wooden iron

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and World War I

Young Hegelians

The Young Hegelians (Junghegelianer), or Left Hegelians (Linkshegelianer), or the Hegelian Left (die Hegelsche Linke), were a group of German intellectuals who, in the decade or so after the death of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in 1831, reacted to and wrote about his ambiguous legacy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and Young Hegelians

19th-century philosophy

In the 19th century, the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy.

See Arthur Schopenhauer and 19th-century philosophy

See also

19th-century German essayists

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Caroline de la Motte Fouqué
• Eduard Zeller
• Emil Frommel
• Friedrich Paulsen
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Georg Simmel
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Heinrich Mann
• Heinrich Rickert
• Immanuel Kant
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Max Scheler
• Moritz Brasch
• Nahida Ruth Lazarus
• Oskar Panizza
• Paul Rée
• Richard Wagner
• Rudolf Otto
• Samuel Lublinski
• Samuel Ullman
• Theodor Lipps
• Wilhelm Busch
• Wilhelm Dilthey
• Wilhelm Windelband

Abolitionists

• 'Abd al-Ahad Khan
• Abdel Nasser Ould Ethmane
• Abdullah al-Sallal
• Ahmad I ibn Mustafa
• Aminetou Mint El-Moctar
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Barnabas Yale
• Biram Dah Abeid
• Daniel Davis (bishop)
• Faisal of Saudi Arabia
• Fok Hing-tong
• Francisco del Rosario Sánchez
• Frank Lugard Brayne
• George Barbu Știrbei
• Jean-Baptiste Chavannes
• José Joaquín Puello
• Juan Pablo Duarte
• Karen Jeppe
• Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann
• List of abolitionist forerunners
• List of abolitionists
• Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti
• Magnus Eriksson
• Manuel Jimenes
• Matías Ramón Mella
• Muhammad Rahim Khan II of Khiva
• Peter von Scholten
• Philothei of Athens
• Qaboos bin Said
• Ramón Castilla
• Robert Charles Frederic
• Rufus Lumry
• Samuel Jackman Prescod
• Tomás Bobadilla
• Tuve Hasselquist
• Virginia de Castro e Almeida
• Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh

Animal rights scholars

• Alan Dershowitz
• Albert Schweitzer
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Augustus Toplady
• Catia Faria
• Colin McGinn
• David Mushet
• Eduardo Mendieta
• Elisa Aaltola
• Esmé Wynne-Tyson
• G. H. Pember
• Hans Ruesch
• Jérôme Segal
• J. Baird Callicott
• J. M. Coetzee
• James Brusseau
• Jeremy Bentham
• Jesús Mosterín
• John Robbins (author)
• José Ferrater Mora
• Kerstin Jacobsson
• Laurids Smith
• Lori Marino
• Martin Balluch
• Núria Almiron
• Oscar Horta
• Paola Cavalieri
• Peter Buchan
• Peter Singer
• Qiu Renzong
• Timothy Sprigge
• Tony Milligan
• Tzachi Zamir
• William Hamilton Drummond

Anti-natalists

• Al-Ma'arri
• Alexandra David-Néel
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Bill Hicks
• Bogomil (priest)
• Chris Korda
• David Benatar
• Djuna Barnes
• Doug Stanhope
• Emil Cioran
• Fernando Vallejo
• Giacomo Leopardi
• Greydon Square
• Gustave Flaubert
• Heinrich Heine
• Herman Tønnessen
• Julio Cabrera (philosopher)
• Kim Young-ha
• Kurnig
• Leilani Münter
• Mani (prophet)
• Marcion of Sinope
• Marie Huot
• Matti Häyry
• Michel Onfray
• Nina Paley
• Otto Weininger
• Patricia MacCormack
• Peter Wessel Zapffe
• Philipp Mainländer
• Priscillian
• Richard Stallman
• Robert Smith (musician)
• Samuel Beckett
• Théophile de Giraud
• Thomas Ligotti
• Ulrich Horstmann
• Yutaka Haniya

German critics of Christianity

• Adolf Hitler
• Alfred Rosenberg
• Arthur Greiser
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Erich Ludendorff
• Frederick the Great
• Friedrich Jodl
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Jürgen Stroop
• Karlheinz Deschner
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Ludwig Klages
• Martin Bormann
• Martin Sommer
• Mathilde Ludendorff
• Otto Sigfrid Reuter

German epistemologists

• Alexander Fidora
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Björn Kraus
• Bruno Bauch
• Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff
• Christian List
• Dieter Henrich
• Eduard Zeller
• Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold
• Ernst von Glasersfeld
• Eugen Fink
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Paulsen
• Friedrich Schlegel
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
• Gottlob Frege
• Hans Albert
• Hans Reichenbach
• Hartmut Rosa
• Heinrich Rickert
• Immanuel Kant
• Jürgen Habermas
• Jakob Böhme
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Julius Bahnsen
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Martin Heidegger
• Martin Kusch
• Max Horkheimer
• Max Scheler
• Moritz Brasch
• Moritz Geiger
• Niklas Luhmann
• Oswald Spengler
• Peter Baumann (philosopher)
• Rudolf Otto
• Theodor W. Adorno
• Wilhelm Dilthey
• Wilhelm Windelband
• Wolfgang Spohn

German ethicists

• Aimee Van Wynsberghe
• Alexander Filipović
• Andreas Suchanek
• Andreas Urs Sommer
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Axel Honneth
• Christiane Woopen
• Christoph Lütge
• Eduard Zeller
• Ferdinand Geminian Wanker
• Franz Xaver von Baader
• Friedhelm Hengsbach
• Friedrich Eduard Beneke
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Paulsen
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Georg Simmel
• Gernot Böhme
• Hannah Arendt
• Hans Jonas
• Hans-Hermann Hoppe
• Immanuel Kant
• Johann Albert Fabricius
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Joseph Weizenbaum
• Karl-Otto Apel
• Max Scheler
• Moritz Brasch
• Otfried Höffe
• Paul Rée
• Paul-Louis Landsberg
• Peter Trawny
• Rainer Mühlhoff
• Reinhard Merkel
• Rudolf Otto
• Sigfrid Gauch
• Tatjana Višak
• Theodor Ludwig Lau
• Thomas Pogge
• Wilhelm Dietler
• Wilhelm Dilthey
• Wilhelm von Humboldt
• Yiftach Fehige

German flautists

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Birgit Havenstein
• Ferdinand Büchner
• Florian Schneider
• Horea Crishan
• Ilse Totzke
• Johann Sedlatzek
• Karl Keller
• Konrad Hünteler
• Michael Schneider (conductor)
• Otto Schwarz
• Ulrich Müller-Doppler

German idealists

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• August Ludwig Hülsen
• Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg
• Friedrich Eduard Beneke
• Friedrich Hölderlin
• Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
• Friedrich Karl Forberg
• Friedrich Schlegel
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Gottlob Ernst Schulze
• Hermann Lotze
• Immanuel Kant
• Jakob Sigismund Beck
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Gottlieb Fichte
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Karl Daub
• Karl Leonhard Reinhold
• Novalis
• Salomon Maimon

German philosophers of art

• Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
• Aloys Hirt
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Dieter Henrich
• Erwin Panofsky
• Ferdinand Gotthelf Hand
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Schiller
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
• Georg Anton Friedrich Ast
• Georg Friedrich Meier
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Gernot Böhme
• Hans-Georg Gadamer
• Immanuel Kant
• Joachim Ritter
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Julius Bahnsen
• Marcus Steinweg
• Markus Gabriel
• Martin Heidegger
• Max Stirner
• Moritz Brasch
• Moritz Geiger
• Oswald Spengler
• Peter Trawny
• Theodor Lipps
• Theodor W. Adorno
• Theodor Wilhelm Danzel
• Walter Benjamin

German philosophers of culture

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Axel Honneth
• Barbara Schellhammer
• Eduard Zeller
• Friedrich Engels
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Schiller
• Friedrich Schlegel
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Georg Simmel
• Georg Stenger
• Hans Albert
• Heinrich Rombach
• Immanuel Kant
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Ludwig Klages
• Markus Gabriel
• Martin Heidegger
• Max Horkheimer
• Max Scheler
• Max Weber
• Moritz Brasch
• Oswald Spengler
• Robert Kurz
• Rudolf Otto
• Samuel von Pufendorf
• Siegfried Kracauer
• Theodor Lipps
• Theodor Litt
• Theodor W. Adorno
• Walter Benjamin
• Wilhelm Dilthey

German philosophers of education

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Eduard Zeller
• Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold
• Eugen Fink
• Friedrich Jodl
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Paulsen
• Friedrich Schiller
• Friedrich Schlegel
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Gottlob Frege
• Hans Albert
• Hans Reichenbach
• Heinrich Rickert
• Immanuel Kant
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Johannes Drerup
• Julius Bahnsen
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Max Horkheimer
• Max Scheler
• Max Stirner
• Moritz Brasch
• Oswald Spengler
• Robert Kurz
• Rudolf Otto
• Samuel von Pufendorf
• Thomas Knaus
• Wilhelm Dilthey

German philosophers of history

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Axel Honneth
• Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold
• Eugen Fink
• Friedrich August Carus
• Friedrich Engels
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Schlegel
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Georg Anton Friedrich Ast
• Georg Simmel
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Hans Albert
• Heinrich Rickert
• Immanuel Kant
• Joachim Ritter
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Julius Bahnsen
• Karl Bormann
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Karl Löwith
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Ludwig Klages
• Martin Heidegger
• Max Horkheimer
• Max Stirner
• Max Weber
• Moritz Brasch
• Oswald Spengler
• Paul Barth (sociologist)
• Paul Yorck von Wartenburg
• Robert Kurz
• Rudolf Otto
• Samuel von Pufendorf
• Siegfried Kracauer
• Walter Benjamin

German philosophers of language

• Adolf Reinach
• Albrecht Wellmer
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Friedrich Schlegel
• Günter Abel
• Georg Anton Friedrich Ast
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• Gottlob Frege
• Hans Reichenbach
• Jürgen Habermas
• Jan Westerhoff
• Johann August Ernesti
• Johann Georg Hamann
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Josef Simon
• Karl-Georg Niebergall
• Karl-Otto Apel
• Kuno Lorenz
• Ludwig Klages
• Ludwig Noiré
• Martin Heidegger
• Martine Nida-Rümelin
• Paul Lorenzen
• Renate Bartsch
• Stefan Gandler
• Walter Benjamin

German philosophers of mind

• Ansgar Beckermann
• Arno Ros
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Christoph Hoerl
• Eduard Zeller
• Emil du Bois-Reymond
• Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold
• Eugen Fink
• Franz Joseph Gall
• Friedrich Kambartel
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Paulsen
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Günter Abel
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• Gottlob Frege
• Hans-Werner Bothe
• Heinrich Rickert
• Immanuel Kant
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Julius Bahnsen
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Ludwig Klages
• Martine Nida-Rümelin
• Max Horkheimer
• Max Scheler
• Moritz Geiger
• Rudolf Otto
• Samuel Christian Hollmann
• Siegfried Kracauer
• Theodor Lipps
• Thomas Metzinger
• Wilhelm Dilthey
• Wilhelm Esser
• Wilhelm Traugott Krug

German philosophers of religion

• Andreas Urs Sommer
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Eduard Zeller
• Friedrich August Carus
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
• Gabriel Wagner
• Georg Simmel
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
• Gustav Glogau
• Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz
• Immanuel Kant
• Jakob Böhme
• Johann August Ernesti
• Johann Eduard Erdmann
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Karl Jaspers
• Karl Löwith
• Klaus Heinrich
• Ludwig Feuerbach
• Ludwig Klages
• Martin Heidegger
• Max Bernhard Weinstein
• Max Scheler
• Max Stirner
• Michael Zank
• Moritz Brasch
• Oswald Spengler
• Rudolf Otto
• Samuel Lublinski
• Samuel von Pufendorf
• Walter Jaeschke
• Wilhelm Dilthey

German philosophers of science

• Alexander Fidora
• Alexander Moszkowski
• Arno Ros
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
• Carl Gustav Hempel
• Friedrich Kambartel
• Gernot Böhme
• Gottlob Frege
• Grete Hermann
• Hannes Leitgeb
• Hans Albert
• Heinrich Rickert
• Hugo Dingler
• Immanuel Kant
• Jürgen Habermas
• Jürgen Mittelstraß
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Kurt Riezler
• Ludwig Büchner
• Markus Gabriel
• Max Bense
• Max Bernhard Weinstein
• Max Weber
• Moritz Schlick
• Oswald Spengler
• Paul Hoyningen-Huene
• Paul Oppenheim
• Paul Rée
• Theodor Caroli
• Ursula Klein
• Walter Dubislav
• Werner Heisenberg
• Wilhelm Dilthey
• Wilhelm Windelband
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Yiftach Fehige

German scholars of Buddhism

• Alois Anton Führer
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Bhikkhu Analayo
• Heinrich Lüders
• Hermann Oldenberg
• Karlfried Graf Dürckheim
• Paul Carus
• Paul Deussen
• Sister Vajirā

German writers on atheism

• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Friedrich Engels
• Karl Marx

Metaphilosophers

• Alfred North Whitehead
• Allan Gibbard
• Amia Srinivasan
• Andrés López de Medrano
• Anthony Quinton
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Baruch Spinoza
• Bertrand Russell
• Charles Renouvier
• Claude Lévi-Strauss
• Colin McGinn
• Crispin Wright
• David Hume
• David Wiggins
• Emanuel Swedenborg
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Geoffrey Sayre-McCord
• George Santayana
• Gilles Deleuze
• Hilary Putnam
• Immanuel Kant
• J. L. Mackie
• John McDowell
• Julius Bahnsen
• Karl Leonhard Reinhold
• Kazimierz Twardowski
• Kevin Mulligan
• Lorenz Bruno Puntel
• Luciano Floridi
• Ludwig Wittgenstein
• Margaret MacDonald (philosopher)
• Mario Bunge
• Marsilio Ficino
• Matthew Kramer
• Noam Chomsky
• Peter Railton
• Pierre Hadot
• René Descartes
• Richard Rorty
• Robert Audi
• Rudolf Otto
• Søren Kierkegaard
• Samuel Alexander
• Steve F. Sapontzis
• Thales of Miletus
• Victoria, Lady Welby
• Wilhelm Dilthey
• Willard Van Orman Quine
• William Whewell

Philosophers of love

• Alan H. Goldman
• Aristotle
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Bertrand Russell
• C. S. Lewis
• Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins
• Charles Fourier
• Denis Diderot
• Diotima of Mantinea
• Elizabeth Brake
• Emanuel Swedenborg
• Empedocles
• Erich Fromm
• Gilles Deleuze
• Graham M. Smith
• Harry Frankfurt
• Henry David Thoreau
• James Giles (philosopher)
• Jiddu Krishnamurti
• John Shelby Spong
• Judah Leon Abravanel
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
• Karl Jaspers
• Kathleen Higgins
• Kurt Vonnegut
• Lorraine Smith Pangle
• Ludwig Klages
• Martin D'Arcy
• Max Scheler
• Max Stirner
• Michel Onfray
• Mozi
• Naftali Rothenberg
• Philip K. Dick
• Philippa Foot
• Plato
• Rudolf Otto
• Søren Kierkegaard
• Sam Harris
• Socrates
• Suzanne Lilar
• The Buddha
• Thiruvalluvar
• Troy Jollimore
• Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)
• Vātsyāyana
• Yajnavalkya

Philosophers of pessimism

• Agnes Taubert
• Al-Ma'arri
• Albert Camus
• Albert Caraco
• Alfred de Vigny
• Allen Wheelis
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Baltasar Gracián
• Camilo Pessanha
• Carlo Michelstaedter
• Charles Baudelaire
• Cormac McCarthy
• David Benatar
• Edgar Saltus
• Eduard von Hartmann
• Emil Cioran
• Eugen Dühring
• Eugene Thacker
• Georges Sorel
• Giacomo Leopardi
• Gottfried Benn
• H. P. Lovecraft
• J. G. Ballard
• James Thomson (poet, born 1834)
• John Gray (philosopher)
• Jorge Luis Borges
• Joseph Conrad
• Julio Cabrera (philosopher)
• Julius Bahnsen
• Karl Jaspers
• Kurnig
• Louis-Ferdinand Céline
• Marian Zdziechowski
• Miguel de Unamuno
• Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
• Olga Plümacher
• Peter Wessel Zapffe
• Philipp Mainländer
• Ralph Barton Perry
• Sadegh Hedayat
• Samuel Beckett
• Thomas Bernhard
• Thomas Ligotti
• Thomas Mann
• Ulrich Horstmann
• Yang Zhu

Writers from Gdańsk

• Aaron Bernstein
• Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
• Arnold Johan Messenius
• Arrey von Dommer
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Bartholomäus Keckermann
• Caspar Schütz
• Eduard Winkelmann
• Erich Keyser
• Ernst Förstemann
• F. K. Waechter
• Friedrich Wilhelm Schirrmacher
• George Adalbert von Mülverstedt
• Gottfried Lengnich
• Gottfried Sellius
• Gotthard Arthusius
• Gottlieb Hufeland
• Heinrich Döring
• Heinrich Rickert
• Jacek Dehnel
• Jakob Sigismund Beck
• Jakobe Mansztajn
• Jerzy Samp
• Joachim Marquardt
• Johann Theodor Jablonski
• Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz
• Johanna Schopenhauer
• Johannes Daniel Falk
• Johannes Plavius
• John Graudenz
• Käthe Schirmacher
• Karl Schnaase
• Karl-Heinz Reinfandt
• Karol Nawrocki
• Karoline Stahl
• Luise Gottsched
• Otto Friedrich Gruppe
• Paul Scheerbart
• Paweł Huelle
• Philipp Clüver
• Rachel Meyer
• Reinhold Curicke
• Robert Reinick
• Sat-Okh
• Theodor Hirsch
• Thomas Kielinger
• Władysław Cieszyński

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer

Also known as A. Schopenhauer, Arthur Schopenhauer's criticism of the proofs of the parallel postulate, Arthur Schoppenhauer, Arthur schopenauer, Incongruity theory, Influence of Arthur Schopenhauer, Schaupenhauer, Schopenauer, Schopenhauer, Schopenhauer's criticism of the proofs of the Parallel Postulate, Schopenhauer, A., Schopenhauer, Arthur, Schopenhauerian, Schopenhauerianism, Schopenhuaer, Shopenhauer, Shopenhour, Showpenhauer, Über die Weiber.

, Cambridge University Press, Carlsbad Decrees, Caroline Medon, Cartesianism, Castration, Chandogya Upanishad, Charles Darwin, Cholera, Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen, Christian mysticism, Christopher Janaway, Concept, Continental philosophy, Cosmopolitanism, Creator in Buddhism, Criticism of religion, Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of the Kantian philosophy, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Cymbeline, Daniel Albright, Dara Shikoh, David Benatar, David Hume, Despotism, Dharma, Disenchantment, Dresden, Eastern philosophy, Eduard von Hartmann, Egalitarianism, Elisabet Ney, Empirical evidence, Encyclopædia Britannica, Ernestine Gymnasium, Gotha, Ernst Gottfried Fischer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ethics (Spinoza book), Ethnic groups in Europe, Ettore Majorana, Euclid's Elements, Euclidean geometry, Eugene Thacker, Eugenics, Evolution, Evolutionary psychology, Existential nihilism, Eye of a needle, F. A. Brockhaus AG, Felix Lichnowsky, Feminism, Florence, Four Noble Truths, Francis Bacon, Frankfurt, Franz Passow, Frederick C. 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