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299 relations: Alans, Alaric I, Alessandro Algardi, Anachronism, Anagast, Anastasia of Kiev, Anatolius (consul), Ancient Rome, Archaeology, Ardaric, Armenia, Asian Educational Services, Ata (name), Atil, Atilla (disambiguation), Atlakviða, Atlamál, Attila (name), August von Kotzebue, Austria, Avitohol, Avitus, Éditions Gallimard, Éric Deschodt, Bagaudae, Balkans, Barnes & Noble, Battering ram, Battle of Adrianople, Battle of Bassianae, Battle of Nedao, Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, Battle of the Utus, Belgrade, Berkley Books, BiblioBazaar, Biography, Bleda, Boydell & Brewer, Buda Castle, Budapest, Bulgars, Burgundians, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Greeks, Cambridge University Press, Carpathian Mountains, Carthage, Catholic Encyclopedia, Cecelia Holland, ..., Celts, Central Asiatic Journal, Central Europe, Central European University Press, Certosa di Pavia, Châlons-en-Champagne, Chronicon Pictum, Chuvash language, Circa, Constantine (consul 457), Constantinople, Cornell University Press, Council of Chalcedon, Crossing of the Rhine, Cyprus, Danes, Danube, Dengizich, Der Spiegel, Descent from antiquity, Diarchy, Die Rabenschlacht, Dietrichs Flucht, Dulo clan, Dynasty, East Germanic languages, Eastern Europe, Edda, Edward Gibbon, Eiríkr Magnússon, Ellac, Ermanaric, Ernak, Esophageal varices, Esophagus, Eurasian nomads, Exile, Fayard, Flavius Aetius, Floruit, Fordham University, Franks, Frutolf of Michelsberg, Galla Placidia, Gallia Belgica, Gaul, Gelding, Gelibolu, Genevieve, Gennadius Avienus, Genseric, Gepids, Germania, Germanic peoples, Getica, Glimpses of World History, Gothic language, Goths, Great Hungarian Plain, Greek language, Gudrun, Hagiography, Harper (publisher), HarperCollins, Harrassowitz Verlag, Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University, Henry Adams Bellows (businessman), Henry Hart Milman, Herules, Holy Crown of Hungary, Horses in warfare, Hungarian language, Hungary, Hunnic language, Huns, Hydatius, Iaroslav Lebedynsky, Ildico, Illyricum (Roman province), Infobase Publishing, Internal bleeding, Iran, Isauria, Italy, J. J. Mikkola, Jack Palance, Jacob Grimm, Javelin, Jawaharlal Nehru, Joannes, Jordanes, Justa Grata Honoria, Justinian I, Kazakh language, Kingdom of Hungary, Kreka, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Lambert of Hersfeld, Latin, Laudaricus, Lüleburgaz, Legends about Theoderic the Great, List of Hunnic rulers, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lupus of Troyes, Magister militum, Mantua, Marcellinus Comes, Marcian, Margus (city), Mars (mythology), Medes, Menander, Mercenary, Metz, Middle High German, Military alliance, Military history of ancient Rome, Mincio, Moesia, Mongolian language, Mongolic languages, Mongols, Mounted archery, Mundzuk, Nestorius, Niš, Nišava, Nibelungenlied, Nicasius of Rheims, Nimrod, Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, Nosebleed, Octar, Old English, Old Norse, Omeljan Pritsak, Onegesius, Oral history, Orléans, Ostrogoths, Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen, Otto of Freising, Otto of Nordheim, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Paris, Paul the Apostle, Peter Benjamin Golden, Peter Heather, Philology, Plovdiv, Po (river), Požarevac, Poetic Edda, Pope Leo I, Princeton University, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, Priscus, Procopius, Project Gutenberg, Prosper of Aquitaine, Ragnaris, Raphael, Ravenna, Reims, Renaissance, Republic of Venice, Rhine, Roman Gaul, Roman Senate, Romanticism, Rome, Rugii, Rugila, Sabre, Sack of Aquileia, Saga, Saint Peter, Salzburg, Sasanian Empire, Scirii, Scythians, Seawall, Sedentism, Servatius of Tongeren, Shah, Sicily, Sign of the Pagan, Singidunum, Sirmium, Sofia, Solidus (coin), Spiegel Online, St. Martin's Press, Suebi, Suzerainty, Sword of Attila, The Heritage Press, Theoderic the Great, Theodoric I, Theodosian dynasty, Theodosius II, Thermopylae, Thomas Dunne Books, Thrace, Thuringii, Tom Shippey, Tongeren, Toulouse, Treaty of Margus, Tribute, Troyes, Turkey, Turkic languages, Turkic peoples, Turkish Armed Forces, Turkish language, Ugric peoples, Universal Pictures, University of California Press, University Press of America, Valamir, Valens, Valentinian III, Vandals, Vassal, Völsunga saga, Venetian Lagoon, Villanova University, Viminacium, Visigoths, Volga River, Walls of Constantinople, Western Roman Empire, Wiesbaden, Wiley-Blackwell, Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm II, German Emperor, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William Morris, William Woodville Rockhill, Woodbridge (UK Parliament constituency), Xiongnu, Yazdegerd II, Yeniseian languages, Zeno (consul 448). Expand index (249 more) »
Alans
The Alans (or Alani) were an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity.
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Alaric I
Alaric I (*Alareiks, "ruler of all"; Alaricus; 370 (or 375)410 AD) was the first King of the Visigoths from 395–410, son (or paternal grandson) of chieftain Rothestes.
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Alessandro Algardi
Alessandro Algardi (31 July 159810 June 1654) was an Italian high-Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome, where for the latter decades of his life, he was, along with Francesco Borromini and Pietro da Cortona, one of the major rivals of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
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Anachronism
An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, "against" and χρόνος khronos, "time") is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of persons, events, objects, or customs from different periods of time.
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Anagast
Anagast or Anagastes was a magister militum in the army of the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Anastasia of Kiev
Anastasia of Kiev (1023 – 1074/1096) was Queen of Hungary by marriage to King Andrew the White.
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Anatolius (consul)
Anatolius (fl. 421–451) was a diplomat and general of the Eastern Roman Empire and Consul in 440.
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Ancient Rome
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
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Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Ardaric
Ardaric (latinized Ardaricus; fl. AD 450s) was the king of the Gepids, a Germanic tribe closely related to the Goths.
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Armenia
Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.
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Asian Educational Services
Asian Educational Services (AES) is a New Delhi, India-based publishing house that specialises in antiquarian reprints of books that were originally published between the 17th and early 20th centuries.
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Ata (name)
Ata is the anglicized form of several names.
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Atil
Atil (İtil; cf. A-de Shui), literally meaning "Big River", was the capital of Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century until the end of the 10th century.
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Atilla (disambiguation)
Atilla is a variant spelling of Attila, ruler of the Huns from 434 to 453.
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Atlakviða
Atlakviða (The Lay of Atli) is one of the heroic poems of the Poetic Edda.
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Atlamál
Atlamál in grœnlenzku (The Greenlandic Lay of Atli) is one of the heroic poems of the Poetic Edda.
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Attila (name)
Attila is a popular masculine name in Central-Eastern Europe (primarily Hungary, Bulgaria and Chuvashia) and in Western Asia and South-Eastern Europe (primarily Turkey and Bulgaria). Another version of Attila in Hungary is Etele, the female equivalent of which is Etelka.
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August von Kotzebue
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (–) was a German dramatist and writer who also worked as a consul in Russia and Germany.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Avitohol
Avitohol (153?–453?) is the first name in the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans.
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Avitus
Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius Avitus c. 380/395 – after 17 October 456 or in 457) was Western Roman Emperor from 8 or 9 July 455 to 17 October 456. He was a senator and a high-ranking officer both in the civil and military administration, as well as Bishop of Piacenza. A Gallo-Roman aristocrat, he opposed the reduction of the Western Roman Empire to Italy alone, both politically and from an administrative point of view. For this reason, as Emperor he introduced several Gallic senators in the Imperial administration; this policy, however, was opposed by the Senatorial aristocracy and by the people of Rome, who had suffered from the sack of the city by the Vandals in 455. Avitus had a good relationship with the Visigoths, in particular with their king Theodoric II, who was a friend of his and who acclaimed Avitus Emperor. The possibility of a strong and useful alliance between the Visigoths and Romans faded, however, when Theodoric invaded Hispania at Avitus' behest, which rendered him unable to help Avitus against the rebel Roman generals who deposed him.
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Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard is one of the leading French publishers of books.
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Éric Deschodt
Éric Deschodt (born 30 March 1937) is a French journalist, writer and translator.
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Bagaudae
In the later Roman Empire, bagaudae (also spelled bacaudae) were groups of peasant insurgents who arose during the Crisis of the Third Century, and persisted until the very end of the western Empire, particularly in the less-Romanised areas of Gallia and Hispania, where they were "exposed to the depredations of the late Roman state, and the great landowners and clerics who were its servants".
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Barnes & Noble
Barnes & Noble, Inc., a Fortune 500 company, is the bookseller with the largest number of retail outlets in the United States, and a retailer of content, digital media, and educational products.
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Battering ram
A battering ram is a siege engine that originated in ancient times and designed to break open the masonry walls of fortifications or splinter their wooden gates.
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Battle of Adrianople
The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) led by Fritigern.
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Battle of Bassianae
The Battle of Bassianae was a battle between the Ostrogoths and the Huns in 468.
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Battle of Nedao
The Battle of Nedao was a battle fought in Pannonia in 454 between Huns and their former vassals.
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Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (or Fields), also called the Battle of the Campus Mauriacus, Battle of Châlons or the Battle of Maurica, took place on June 20, 451 AD, between a coalition led by the Roman general Flavius Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric I against the Huns and their vassals commanded by their king Attila.
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Battle of the Utus
The Battle of the Utus was fought in 447 between the army of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, and the Huns led by Attila at what is today the Vit river in Bulgaria.
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Belgrade
Belgrade (Beograd / Београд, meaning "White city",; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia.
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Berkley Books
Berkley Books is an imprint of Penguin Group (USA) that began as an independent company in 1955.
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BiblioBazaar
BiblioBazaar is, with Nabu Press, an imprint of the historical reprints publisher BiblioLife, which is based in Charleston, South Carolina and owned by BiblioLabs LLC.
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Biography
A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life.
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Bleda
Bleda was a Hunnic ruler, the brother of Attila the Hun.
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Boydell & Brewer
Boydell & Brewer is an academic press based in Woodbridge, Suffolk, England that specializes in publishing historical and critical works.
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Buda Castle
Buda Castle (Budavári Palota, Burgpalast) is the historical castle and palace complex of the Hungarian kings in Budapest.
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Budapest
Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.
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Bulgars
The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century.
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Burgundians
The Burgundians (Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; Burgundar; Burgendas; Βούργουνδοι) were a large East Germanic or Vandal tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the area of modern Poland in the time of the Roman Empire.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Byzantine Greeks
The Byzantine Greeks (or Byzantines) were the Greek or Hellenized people of the Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire) during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages who spoke medieval Greek and were Orthodox Christians.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
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Carthage
Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.
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Catholic Encyclopedia
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Roman Catholic Church.
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Cecelia Holland
Cecelia Holland is an American historical fiction novelist.
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Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.
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Central Asiatic Journal
Central Asiatic Journal is a biannual academic journal covering research on the languages, history, archaeology, religious and textual traditions of Central Asia.
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Central Europe
Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.
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Central European University Press
Following the founding of the Central European University by George Soros, the Central European University Press was established in 1993.
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Certosa di Pavia
The Certosa di Pavia is a monastery and complex in Lombardy, northern Italy, situated near a small town of the same name in the Province of Pavia, 8 km north of Pavia.
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Châlons-en-Champagne
Châlons-en-Champagne is a city in the Grand Est region of France.
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Chronicon Pictum
The Chronicon Pictum (Latin for illustrated chronicle, Illuminated Chronicle or Vienna Illuminated Chronicle, Képes Krónika also referred to as Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon (Hungariae) Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the second half of fourteenth century.
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Chuvash language
Chuvash (Чӑвашла, Čăvašla) is a Turkic language spoken in European Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas.
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Circa
Circa, usually abbreviated c., ca. or ca (also circ. or cca.), means "approximately" in several European languages (and as a loanword in English), usually in reference to a date.
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Constantine (consul 457)
Flavius Constantinus (floruit 447–464) was a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire, consul and three times praetorian prefect of the East.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is a division of Cornell University housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
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Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon was a church council held from October 8 to November 1, AD 451, at Chalcedon.
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Crossing of the Rhine
The crossing of the Rhine by a mixed group of barbarians that included Vandals, Alans and Suebi is traditionally considered to have occurred on 31 December 406.
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Cyprus
Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
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Danes
Danes (danskere) are a nation and a Germanic ethnic group native to Denmark, who speak Danish and share the common Danish culture.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Dengizich
Dengizich (died in 469), was a Hunnic ruler and son of Attila.
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Der Spiegel
Der Spiegel (lit. "The Mirror") is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.
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Descent from antiquity
A Descent from Antiquity (DFA or DfA) is a well-researched, historically documented generation-by-generation genealogical descent tracing living persons back to people living in antiquity.
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Diarchy
A diarchy (from Greek δι-, di-, "double", and -αρχία, -arkhía, "ruled").
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Die Rabenschlacht
Die Rabenschlacht (The Battle of Ravenna) is an anonymous 13th-century Middle High German poem about the hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.
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Dietrichs Flucht
Dietrichs Flucht (Dietrich's Flight) or Das Buch von Bern (The Book of Verona) is an anonymous 13th-century Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.
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Dulo clan
The Dulo clan was the ruling dynasty of the Bulgars.
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Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.
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East Germanic languages
The East Germanic languages are a group of extinct Germanic languages of the Indo-European language family spoken by East Germanic peoples.
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Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.
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Edda
"Edda" (Old Norse Edda, plural Eddur) is an Old Norse term that has been attributed by modern scholars to the collective of two Medieval Icelandic literary works: what is now known as the Prose Edda and an older collection of poems without an original title now known as the Poetic Edda.
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Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon FRS (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament.
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Eiríkr Magnússon
Eiríkr or Eiríkur Magnússon (1 February 1833 – 24 January 1913) was an Icelandic scholar who was Librarian at the University of Cambridge, taught Old Norse to William Morris, translated numerous Icelandic sagas into English in collaboration with him, and played an important role in the movement to study the history and literature of the Norsemen in Victorian England.
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Ellac
Ellac (died in 454 AD) was the oldest son of Attila (434–453) and Kreka.
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Ermanaric
Ermanaric (*Aírmanareiks; Ermanaricus; Eormanrīc; Jǫrmunrekr; died 376) was a Greuthungian Gothic King who before the Hunnic invasion evidently ruled a sizable portion of Oium, the part of Scythia inhabited by the Goths at the time.
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Ernak
Ernak was the last ruler of the Huns, and the third son of Attila.
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Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices (sometimes spelled oesophageal varices) are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus.
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Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.
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Eurasian nomads
The Eurasian nomads were a large group of nomadic peoples from the Eurasian Steppe, who often appear in history as invaders of Europe, the Middle East and China.
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Exile
To be in exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state, or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return.
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Fayard
Fayard (complete name: Librairie Arthème Fayard) is a French Paris-based publishing house established in 1857.
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Flavius Aetius
Flavius Aetius (Flavius Aetius; 391–454), dux et patricius, commonly called simply Aetius or Aëtius, was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire.
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Floruit
Floruit, abbreviated fl. (or occasionally, flor.), Latin for "he/she flourished", denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.
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Fordham University
Fordham University is a private research university in New York City.
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Franks
The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum) were a collection of Germanic peoples, whose name was first mentioned in 3rd century Roman sources, associated with tribes on the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, on the edge of the Roman Empire.
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Frutolf of Michelsberg
Frutolf of Michelsberg (died 17 January 1103) was a monk in Michelsberg Abbey in Bamberg, Germany, of which he became prior.
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Galla Placidia
Aelia Galla Placidia (388 – 27 November 450), daughter of the Roman emperor Theodosius I, was regent to Valentinian III from 423 until his majority in 437, and a major force in Roman politics for most of her life.
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Gallia Belgica
Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
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Gaul
Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.
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Gelding
A gelding is a castrated horse or other equine, such as a donkey or a mule.
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Gelibolu
Gelibolu, also known as Gallipoli (from Καλλίπολις, Kallipolis, "Beautiful City"), is the name of a town and a district in Çanakkale Province of the Marmara Region, located in Eastern Thrace in the European part of Turkey on the southern shore of the peninsula named after it on the Dardanelles strait, two miles away from Lapseki on the other shore.
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Genevieve
Saint Genevieve (Sainte Geneviève; Sancta Genovefa, Genoveva; from Gaullish geno "race, lineage" and uida "sage") (Nanterre, 419/422 AD – Paris 502/512 AD), is the patron saint of Paris in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions.
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Gennadius Avienus
Gennadius Avienus (floruit 450–460s) was an influential politician of the Western Roman Empire.
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Genseric
Genseric (c. 400 – 25 January 477), also known as Gaiseric or Geiseric (Gaisericus; reconstructed Vandalic: *Gaisarīks), was King of the Vandals and Alans (428–477) who established the Vandal Kingdom and was one of the key players in the troubles of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.
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Gepids
The Gepids (Gepidae, Gipedae) were an East Germanic tribe.
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Germania
"Germania" was the Roman term for the geographical region in north-central Europe inhabited mainly by Germanic peoples.
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Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.
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Getica
De origine actibusque Getarum ("The Origin and Deeds of the Getae/Goths"), or the Getica,Jordanes, The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, translated by C. Mierow written in Late Latin by Jordanes (or Iordanes/Jornandes) in or shortly after 551 AD, claims to be a summary of a voluminous account by Cassiodorus of the origin and history of the Gothic people, which is now lost.
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Glimpses of World History
Glimpses of World History, a book published by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1942, is a panoramic sweep of the history of humankind.
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Gothic language
Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.
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Goths
The Goths (Gut-þiuda; Gothi) were an East Germanic people, two of whose branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire through the long series of Gothic Wars and in the emergence of Medieval Europe.
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Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, Alföld, Nagy Alföld) is a plain occupying the majority of Hungary.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Gudrun
Gudrun (Old Norse Guðrún) or Kriemhild (Middle High German Kriemhilt) is the wife of Sigurd/Siegfried and a major figure in Germanic heroic legend and literature.
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Hagiography
A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader.
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Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, currently the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins.
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HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies and is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Hachette, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, and Simon & Schuster.
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Harrassowitz Verlag
Harrassowitz Verlag is a German academic publishing house, based in Wiesbaden.
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Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute
The Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University, commonly known as the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute (HURI), is a research institute affiliated with Harvard University devoted to Ukrainian studies, including the history, culture, language, literature, and politics of Ukraine.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)
Henry Adams Bellows (September 22, 1885 – December 29, 1939) was a newspaper editor and radio executive who was an early member of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
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Henry Hart Milman
Henry Hart Milman (10 February 1791 – 24 September 1868) was an English historian and ecclesiastic.
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Herules
The Herules (or Heruli) were an East Germanic tribe who lived north of the Black Sea apparently near the Sea of Azov, in the third century AD, and later moved (either wholly or partly) to the Roman frontier on the central European Danube, at the same time as many eastern barbarians during late antiquity, such as the Goths, Huns, Scirii, Rugii and Alans.
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Holy Crown of Hungary
The Holy Crown of Hungary (Szent Korona, also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen) was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence; kings have been crowned with it since the twelfth century.
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Horses in warfare
The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.
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Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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Hunnic language
The Hunnic language, or Hunnish, was the language spoken by Huns in the Hunnic Empire, a heterogeneous, multi-ethnic tribal confederation which ruled much of Eastern Europe and invaded the West during the 4th and 5th centuries.
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Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe, between the 4th and 6th century AD.
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Hydatius
Hydatius, also spelled Idacius (c. 400 – c. 469), bishop of Aquae Flaviae in the Roman province of Gallaecia (almost certainly the modern Chaves, Portugal, in the modern district of Vila Real) was the author of a chronicle of his own times that provides us with our best evidence for the history of Hispania (that is, the Iberian Peninsula in Roman times) in the 5th century.
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Iaroslav Lebedynsky
Iaroslav Lebedynsky, born in Paris in 1960, is a French historian of Ukrainian origin, a specialist in ancient warrior cultures of the steppe and the Caucasus, and a prolific author in that field.
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Ildico
Ildikó (fl. AD 453) was the last wife of the Hunnic ruler Attila.
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Illyricum (Roman province)
Illyricum was a Roman province that existed from 27 BC to sometime during the reign of Vespasian (69–79 AD).
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Infobase Publishing
Infobase Publishing is an American publisher of reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets.
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Internal bleeding
Internal bleeding (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood that occurs from the vascular system into a body cavity or space.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Isauria
Isauria (or; Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged isolated district in the interior of South Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya Province of Turkey, or the core of the Taurus Mountains.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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J. J. Mikkola
Jooseppi Julius (J. J.) Mikkola (July 6, 1866, Ylöjärvi – September 28, 1946, Helsinki), was Finnish linguist and professor.
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Jack Palance
Jack Palance (born Volodymyr Palahniuk (Володимир Палагню́к); February 18, 1919 – November 10, 2006) was an American actor and singer.
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Jacob Grimm
Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863) also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German philologist, jurist, and mythologist.
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Javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon, but today predominantly for sport.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.
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Joannes
Ioannes, (Latin: Iohannes Augustus) known in English as Joannes or even John, was a Roman usurper (423–425) against Valentinian III.
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Jordanes
Jordanes, also written Jordanis or, uncommonly, Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat of Gothic extraction who turned his hand to history later in life.
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Justa Grata Honoria
Justa Grata Honoria, commonly referred to during her lifetime as Honoria, was the older sister of the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III — famous for her plea of love and help to Attila the Hun, which led to his proclamation of his claim to rule the Western Roman Empire.
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Justinian I
Justinian I (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus; Flávios Pétros Sabbátios Ioustinianós; 482 14 November 565), traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.
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Kazakh language
Kazakh (natively italic, qazaq tili) belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).
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Kreka
Kreka (Κρέκαν, "Krekan") was the wife of Attila.
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Kunsthistorisches Museum
The Kunsthistorisches Museum ("Museum of Art History", also often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria.
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Lambert of Hersfeld
Lambert of Hersfeld (also called Lampert; – 1082/85) was a medieval chronicler.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Laudaricus
Laudaricus was a prominent Hunnic chieftain.
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Lüleburgaz
Lüleburgaz, (Люлебургас, Lyuleburgas, or Беркулен, Berkulen), historically Arcadiopolis (Αρκαδιούπολις/Αρκαδιούπολη, Arkadioupoli) is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey.
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Legends about Theoderic the Great
In legends about Theoderic the Great that spread after his death, the Gothic king Theoderic became known as Dietrich von Bern, a king ruling from Verona (Bern) who was forced into exile with the Huns.
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List of Hunnic rulers
This is a list of rulers of the Huns.
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770Beethoven was baptised on 17 December. His date of birth was often given as 16 December and his family and associates celebrated his birthday on that date, and most scholars accept that he was born on 16 December; however there is no documentary record of his birth.26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
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Lupus of Troyes
Saint Lupus (Loup, Leu) (383 – c. 478 AD) was an early bishop of Troyes.
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Magister militum
Magister militum (Latin for "Master of the Soldiers", plural magistri militum) was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great.
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Mantua
Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.
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Marcellinus Comes
Marcellinus Comes (died c. 534) was a Latin chronicler of the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Marcian
Marcian (Flavius Marcianus Augustus; Μαρκιανός; 392 – 26 January 457) was the Eastern Roman Emperor from 450 to 457.
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Margus (city)
Margus was an ancient Roman city situated at locality of present-day Požarevac (Serbia).
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Mars (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Mars (Mārs) was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome.
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Medes
The Medes (Old Persian Māda-, Μῆδοι, מָדַי) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language. At around 1100 to 1000 BC, they inhabited the mountainous area of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia and located in the Hamadan (Ecbatana) region. Their emergence in Iran is thought to have occurred between 800 BC and 700 BC, and in the 7th century the whole of western Iran and some other territories were under Median rule. Its precise geographical extent remains unknown. A few archaeological sites (discovered in the "Median triangle" in western Iran) and textual sources (from contemporary Assyrians and also ancient Greeks in later centuries) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state. Apart from a few personal names, the language of the Medes is unknown. The Medes had an ancient Iranian religion (a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping) with a priesthood named as "Magi". Later during the reigns of the last Median kings, the reforms of Zoroaster spread into western Iran.
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Menander
Menander (Μένανδρος Menandros; c. 342/41 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy.
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Mercenary
A mercenary is an individual who is hired to take part in an armed conflict but is not part of a regular army or other governmental military force.
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Metz
Metz (Lorraine Franconian pronunciation) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.
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Middle High German
Middle High German (abbreviated MHG, Mittelhochdeutsch, abbr. Mhd.) is the term for the form of German spoken in the High Middle Ages.
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Military alliance
A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance.
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Military history of ancient Rome
The military history of ancient Rome is inseparable from its political system, based from an early date upon competition within the ruling elite.
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Mincio
Mincio (Latin: Mincius, Ancient Greek: Minchios, Μίγχιος) is a river in the Lombardy region of northern Italy.
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Moesia
Moesia (Latin: Moesia; Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River.
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Mongolian language
The Mongolian language (in Mongolian script: Moŋɣol kele; in Mongolian Cyrillic: монгол хэл, mongol khel.) is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely-spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family.
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Mongolic languages
The Mongolic languages are a group of languages spoken in East-Central Asia, mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas plus in Kalmykia.
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Mongols
The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
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Mounted archery
A horse archer is a cavalryman armed with a bow, able to shoot while riding from horseback.
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Mundzuk
Mundzuk was a Hunnic chieftain, brother of the Hunnic rulers Octar and Rugila, and father of Bleda and Atilla.
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Nestorius
Nestorius (in Νεστόριος; 386 – 450) was Archbishop of Constantinople (now Istanbul) from 10 April 428 to August 431, when Emperor Theodosius II confirmed his condemnation by the Council of Ephesus on 22 June.
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Niš
Niš (Ниш) is the third-largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Nišava District.
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Nišava
The Nišava or Nishava (Bulgarian and Нишава) is a river in Bulgaria and Serbia, a right tributary, and with a length of 218 km also the longest one, of the South Morava.
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Nibelungenlied
The Nibelungenlied (Middle High German: Der Nibelunge liet or Der Nibelunge nôt), translated as The Song of the Nibelungs, is an epic poem from around 1200 written in Middle High German.
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Nicasius of Rheims
Saint Nicasius or Nicaise of Rheims (Saint-Nicaise; d. 407 or 451) was a bishop of Rheims.
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Nimrod
Nimrod (ܢܡܪܘܕ, النمرود an-Namrūd), a biblical figure described as a king in the land of Shinar (Assyria/Mesopotamia), was, according to the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles, the son of Cush, therefore the great-grandson of Noah.
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Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans
The Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans (Именник на българските ханове) is a short manuscript containing the names of some early Bulgar rulers, their clans, the year of their ascending to the throne according to the cyclic Bulgar calendar and the length of their rule, including the times of joint rule and civil war.
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Nosebleed
A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.
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Octar
Octar or Ouptaros was a Hunnic ruler.
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Old English
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Old Norse
Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements from about the 9th to the 13th century.
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Omeljan Pritsak
Omeljan Pritsak (Омеля́н Пріца́к; 7 April 1919, Luka, Sambir County, West Ukrainian People's Republic – 29 May 2006, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.) was the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University and the founder and first director (1973–1989) of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
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Onegesius
Onegesius (Priscus: Όνηγήσιος, "Onegesios") was a powerful Hunnic logades (minister) who held power second only to Attila.
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Oral history
Oral history is the collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews.
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Orléans
Orléans is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris.
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Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were the eastern branch of the later Goths (the other major branch being the Visigoths).
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Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen
Otto John Maenchen-Helfen (in German: Otto Mänchen-Helfen) (July 26, 1894 in Vienna, Austria – January 29, 1969 in Berkeley, California) was an Austrian academic, sinologist, historian, author, and traveler.
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Otto of Freising
Otto of Freising (Otto Frisingensis; c. 1114 – 22 September 1158) was a German churchman and chronicler.
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Otto of Nordheim
Otto of Nordheim (c. 1020 – 11 January 1083) was Duke of Bavaria (as Otto II) from 1061 until 1070.
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Oxford
Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Paul the Apostle
Paul the Apostle (Paulus; translit, ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (translit; Saũlos Tarseús), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of the Christ to the first century world.
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Peter Benjamin Golden
Peter Benjamin Golden (born 1941) is Professor Emeritus of History, Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies at Rutgers University.
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Peter Heather
Peter Heather (born 8 June 1960) is a historian of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, currently Professor of Medieval History at King's College London.
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Philology
Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is a combination of literary criticism, history, and linguistics.
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Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Пловдив) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, with a city population of 341,000 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area.
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Po (river)
The Po (Padus and Eridanus; Po; ancient Ligurian: Bodincus or Bodencus; Πάδος, Ἠριδανός) is a river that flows eastward across northern Italy.
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Požarevac
Požarevac (Пожаревац) is a city and the administrative center of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia.
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Poetic Edda
Poetic Edda is the modern attribution for an unnamed collection of Old Norse anonymous poems, which is different from the Edda written by Snorri Sturluson.
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Pope Leo I
Pope Saint Leo I (400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Pope from 29 September 440 and died in 461.
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Princeton University
Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, that was established in its current form on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township.
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Priscus
Priscus of Panium (Greek: Πρίσκος) was a 5th-century Roman diplomat and Greek historian and rhetorician (or sophist).
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Procopius
Procopius of Caesarea (Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς Prokopios ho Kaisareus, Procopius Caesariensis; 500 – 554 AD) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar from Palaestina Prima.
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Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks".
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Prosper of Aquitaine
Saint Prosper of Aquitaine (Prosper Aquitanus; – AD), a Christian writer and disciple of Saint Augustine of Hippo, was the first continuator of Jerome's Universal Chronicle.
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Ragnaris
Ragnaris (Greek spelling p died 555) was a Hunnic warlord who fought for the Ostrogoths in the final stages of the Gothic War against the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
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Ravenna
Ravenna (also locally; Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.
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Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Rhine
--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
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Roman Gaul
Roman Gaul refers to Gaul under provincial rule in the Roman Empire from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD.
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Roman Senate
The Roman Senate (Senatus Romanus; Senato Romano) was a political institution in ancient Rome.
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Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Rugii
The Rugii, also Rugians, Rygir, Ulmerugi, or Holmrygir (Rugiere, Rugier) were an East Germanic tribe who migrated from southwest Norway to Pomerania around 100 AD, and from there to the Danube River valley.
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Rugila
Rugila or Ruga (also Ruas; died second half of the 430s AD),Lee, A.D. (2013) From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565: The Transformation of Ancient Rome.
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Sabre
The sabre (British English) or saber (American English) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods.
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Sack of Aquileia
The Sack of Aquileia occurred in 452, and was carried out by the Huns under the leadership of Attila.
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Saga
Sagas are stories mostly about ancient Nordic and Germanic history, early Viking voyages, the battles that took place during the voyages, and migration to Iceland and of feuds between Icelandic families.
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Saint Peter
Saint Peter (Syriac/Aramaic: ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ, Shemayon Keppa; שמעון בר יונה; Petros; Petros; Petrus; r. AD 30; died between AD 64 and 68), also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon, according to the New Testament, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Great Church.
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Salzburg
Salzburg, literally "salt fortress", is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of Salzburg state.
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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.
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Scirii
The Scirii (also Sciri, Scirians, Skirii, Skiri or Skirians) were an East Germanic tribe of Eastern Europe, attested in historical works between the 2nd century BC and 5th century AD.
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Scythians
or Scyths (from Greek Σκύθαι, in Indo-Persian context also Saka), were a group of Iranian people, known as the Eurasian nomads, who inhabited the western and central Eurasian steppes from about the 9th century BC until about the 1st century BC.
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Seawall
A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defence constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast.
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Sedentism
In cultural anthropology, sedentism (sometimes called sedentariness; compare sedentarism) is the practice of living in one place for a long time.
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Servatius of Tongeren
Saint Servatius (Sint Servaas; Saint Servais, Սուրբ Սերվատիոս) (born in Armenia, died in Maastricht, traditionally in 384) was bishop of Tongeren —Latin: Atuatuca Tungrorum, the capital of the Tungri—.
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Shah
Shah (Šāh, pronounced, "king") is a title given to the emperors, kings, princes and lords of Iran (historically also known as Persia).
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Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Sign of the Pagan
Sign of the Pagan is a 1954 American CinemaScope Technicolor historical drama directed by Douglas Sirk and starring Jeff Chandler, Jack Palance, Ludmilla Tchérina and Rita Gam.
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Singidunum
Singidunum (Сингидунум/Singidunum, from Celtic *Sindi-dūn-) is the name for the ancient city which evolved into Belgrade, the capital of Serbia.
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Sirmium
Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia.
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Sofia
Sofia (Со́фия, tr.) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.
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Solidus (coin)
The solidus (Latin for "solid"; solidi), nomisma (νόμισμα, nómisma, "coin"), or bezant was originally a relatively pure gold coin issued in the Late Roman Empire.
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Spiegel Online
Spiegel Online (SPON) is one of the most widely read German-language news websites.
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St. Martin's Press
St.
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Suebi
The Suebi (or Suevi, Suavi, or Suevians) were a large group of Germanic tribes, which included the Marcomanni, Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, Lombards and others, sometimes including sub-groups simply referred to as Suebi.
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Suzerainty
Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).
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Sword of Attila
The Sword of Attila, also called the Sword of Mars or Sword of God (Hungarian: Isten kardja), was the legendary weapon carried by Attila the Hun.
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The Heritage Press
The Heritage Press was an imprint of George Macy Companies, Ltd., from 1937 to 1982.
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Theoderic the Great
Theoderic the Great (454 – 30 August 526), often referred to as Theodoric (*𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃,, Flāvius Theodericus, Teodorico, Θευδέριχος,, Þēodrīc, Þjōðrēkr, Theoderich), was king of the Ostrogoths (475–526), ruler of Italy (493–526), regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a patricius of the Roman Empire.
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Theodoric I
Theodoric I (390 or 393 – 20 or 24 June 451) was the King of the Visigoths from 418 to 451.
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Theodosian dynasty
The Theodosian dynasty was a Roman family that rose to eminence in the waning days of the Roman Empire.
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Theodosius II
Theodosius II (Flavius Theodosius Junior Augustus; Θεοδόσιος Βʹ; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450),"Theodosius II" in The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, 1991, p. 2051.
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Thermopylae
Thermopylae (Ancient and Katharevousa Greek: Θερμοπύλαι, Demotic: Θερμοπύλες: "hot gates") is a place in Greece where a narrow coastal passage existed in antiquity.
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Thomas Dunne Books
Thomas Dunne Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press, a division of Macmillan Publishers, publishes popular trade fiction and nonfiction.
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Thrace
Thrace (Modern Θράκη, Thráki; Тракия, Trakiya; Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east.
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Thuringii
The Thuringii or Toringi, were a Germanic tribe that appeared late during the Migration Period in the Harz Mountains of central Germania, still called Thuringia.
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Tom Shippey
Thomas Alan Shippey (born 9 September 1943) is a British scholar and retired professor of Middle and Old English literature, as well as medievalism and modern fantasy and science fiction.
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Tongeren
Tongeren (Tongres, Tongern) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg, in the southeastern corner of the Flemish region of Belgium.
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Toulouse
Toulouse (Tolosa, Tolosa) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie.
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Treaty of Margus
The Treaty of Margus was a treaty between the Huns and the Roman Empire, signed in Margus, Moesia Superior (modern day Požarevac, Serbia).
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Tribute
A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/) (from Latin tributum, contribution) is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance.
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Troyes
Troyes is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in north-central France.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and West Asia all the way to North Asia (particularly in Siberia) and East Asia (including the Far East).
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Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.
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Turkish Armed Forces
The Turkish Armed Forces (TAF; Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, TSK) are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey.
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Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
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Ugric peoples
The Ugric peoples are ethnic groups that speak a Ugric language.
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Universal Pictures
Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University Press of America
University Press of America is an academic publisher based in the United States.
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Valamir
Valamir (c. 420 – 469) was an Ostrogothic king in the ancient country of Pannonia from AD 447 until his death.
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Valens
Valens (Flavius Julius Valens Augustus; Οὐάλης; 328 – 9 August 378) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 364 to 378. He was given the eastern half of the empire by his brother Valentinian I after the latter's accession to the throne. Valens, sometimes known as the Last True Roman, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the collapse of the decaying Western Roman Empire.
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Valentinian III
Valentinian III (Flavius Placidius Valentinianus Augustus; 2 July 41916 March 455) was Western Roman Emperor from 425 to 455.
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Vandals
The Vandals were a large East Germanic tribe or group of tribes that first appear in history inhabiting present-day southern Poland.
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Vassal
A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
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Völsunga saga
The Völsunga saga (often referred to in English as the Volsunga Saga or Saga of the Völsungs) is a legendary saga, a late 13th century Icelandic prose rendition of the origin and decline of the Völsung clan (including the story of Sigurd and Brynhild and destruction of the Burgundians).
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Venetian Lagoon
The Venetian Lagoon (Laguna di Venezia; Łaguna de Venesia) is an enclosed bay of the Adriatic Sea, in northern Italy, in which the city of Venice is situated.
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Villanova University
Villanova University is a private research university located in Radnor Township, a suburb northwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, within the Archdiocese of Philadelphia in the United States.
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Viminacium
Viminacium (VIMINACIUM) or Viminatium was a major city (provincial capital) and military camp of the Roman province of Moesia (today's Serbia), and the capital of Moesia Superior (hence once Metropolitan archbishopric, now a Latin titular see).
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Visigoths
The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi; Visigoti) were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths.
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Volga River
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe.
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Walls of Constantinople
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great.
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Western Roman Empire
In historiography, the Western Roman Empire refers to the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with that administering the eastern half, then referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse.
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Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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Wilhelm Grimm
Wilhelm Carl Grimm (also Karl; 24 February 1786 – 16 December 1859) was a German author and anthropologist, and the younger brother of Jacob Grimm, of the library duo the Brothers Grimm.
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Wilhelm II, German Emperor
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
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William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
Wm.
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William Morris
William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896) was an English textile designer, poet, novelist, translator, and socialist activist.
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William Woodville Rockhill
William Woodville Rockhill (May 1, 1854 – December 8, 1914) was a United States diplomat, best known as the author of the U.S.'s Open Door Policy for China and as the first American to learn to speak Tibetan.
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Woodbridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Woodbridge was a county constituency centred on the town of Woodbridge in Suffolk.
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Xiongnu
The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD.
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Yazdegerd II
Yazdegerd II (𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 Yazdākird, meaning "made by God"; یزدگرد), was the sixteenth Sasanian emperor of Iran.
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Yeniseian languages
The Yeniseian languages (sometimes known as Yeniseic or Yenisei-Ostyak;"Ostyak" is a concept of areal rather than genetic linguistics. In addition to the Yeniseian languages it also includes the Uralic languages Khanty and Selkup. occasionally spelled with -ss-) are a family of languages that were spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia.
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Zeno (consul 448)
Flavius Zeno (floruit 447-451) was an influential general and politician of the Eastern Roman Empire, of Isaurian origin, who served as magister militum per Orientem, and became consul and patricius.
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Redirects here:
Atila the hun, Atilla, Atilla The Hun, Atilla the Hun, Attila The Hun, Attila the Hun, Attila the hun, Attila, the Hun, Attilla, Attilla the Hun, Attilla the hun, Avitokhol, Flagellum Dei, Scource of God, Scourge of Europe.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attila
