Bank of England

The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. ^[1]

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293 relations: Accoutrements, Acts of Union 1707, Advertising slogan, Alan Walters, Albion Street, Leeds, Alexander Fordyce, Alfred Clayton Cole, Allen & Overy, Allies of World War II, American Revolutionary War, Andrew Bailey (banker), Anne Glover (venture capitalist), Anniversary, Arcade (architecture), Aristocracy, Artisan, Attlee ministry, Augustus Prevost, Bank Charter Act 1844, Bank failure, Bank Junction, Bank of England 10 shilling note, Bank of England Act, Bank of England Act 1694, Bank of England Act 1696, Bank of England Act 1946, Bank of England £50 note, Bank of England Building, Liverpool, Bank of England Museum, Bank rate, Bank reserves, Bank Restriction Act 1797, Banking Act 2009, Banking hall, Banking regulation and supervision, Banknote, Banknotes of the pound sterling, Bankruptcy, Battle of Beachy Head (1690), Battle of Fishguard, Ben Broadbent, Bennetts Hill, Boar Lane, Bombsite, Boris Anrep, Branch (banking), Brien Cokayne, 1st Baron Cullen of Ashbourne, Britannia, British credit crisis of 1772–1773, British Volunteer Corps, ... Expand index (243 more) » « Shrink index
1694 establishments in England
Banknote issuers of the United Kingdom
Banks established in 1694
Georgian architecture in London
Grade I listed banks
Grade I listed buildings in the City of London
John Soane buildings
Public corporations of the United Kingdom with a Royal Charter

Accoutrements

Accoutrements are the personal/individual equipment of service people such as soldiers, sailors, police and firemen and employees of some private organizations such as security guards, other than their basic uniform and weapons.

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Acts of Union 1707

The Acts of Union refer to two Acts of Parliament, one by the Parliament of England in 1706, the other by the Parliament of Scotland in 1707.

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Advertising slogan

Advertising slogans are short phrases used in advertising campaigns to generate publicity and unify a company's marketing strategy.

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Alan Walters

Sir Alan Arthur Walters (17 June 1926 – 3 January 2009) was a British economist who was best known as the Chief Economic Adviser to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher from 1981 to 1983 and (after his return from the United States) again for five months in 1989.

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Albion Street, Leeds

Albion Street is a road in the city centre of Leeds, a city in England.

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Alexander Fordyce

Alexander Fordyce (7 August 1729 – 8 September 1789) was a Scottish banker, centrally involved in the bank run on Neale, James, Fordyce and Down which led to the credit crisis of 1772.

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Alfred Clayton Cole

Alfred Clayton Cole (17 December 18545 June 1920) was a City of London merchant and director of the Bank of England, serving as Governor of the Bank of England from 1911 to 1913.

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Allen & Overy

Allen & Overy LLP (now A&O Shearman) was a British multinational law firm headquartered in London, England.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a military conflict that was part of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.

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Andrew Bailey (banker)

Andrew John Bailey (born 30 March 1959) is a British central banker and Governor of the Bank of England since 16 March 2020.

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Anne Glover (venture capitalist)

Anne Margaret Glover, (born 6 February 1954) is CEO and co-founder of Amadeus Capital Partners, a venture capital firm that invests in European high-technology companies.

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Anniversary

An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year, and may also refer to the commemoration or celebration of that event.

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Arcade (architecture)

An arcade is a succession of contiguous arches, with each arch supported by a colonnade of columns or piers.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

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Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand.

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Attlee ministry

Clement Attlee was invited by King George VI to form the Attlee ministry in the United Kingdom in July 1945, succeeding Winston Churchill as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Augustus Prevost

Sir Augustus Prevost, 1st Baronet (21 May 1837 – 6 December 1913) was Governor of the Bank of England from 1901 to 1903.

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Bank Charter Act 1844

The Bank Charter Act 1844 (7 & 8 Vict. c. 32), sometimes referred to as the Peel Banking Act of 1844, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed under the government of Robert Peel, which restricted the powers of British banks and gave exclusive note-issuing powers to the central Bank of England.

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Bank failure

A bank failure occurs when a bank is unable to meet its obligations to its depositors or other creditors because it has become insolvent or too illiquid to meet its liabilities.

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Bank Junction

Bank Junction is a major road junction in the City of London, the historic and financial centre of London, at (or by) which nine streets converge and where traffic is controlled by traffic lights and give-way lines.

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Bank of England 10 shilling note

The Bank of England 10 shilling note (notation: 10/–), colloquially known as the 10 bob note, was a sterling banknote.

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Bank of England Act

Bank of England Act is a stock short title used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to the Bank of England.

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Bank of England Act 1694

The Bank of England Act 1694 (5 & 6 Will. & Mar. c. 20), sometimes referred to as the Tonnage Act 1694, is an Act of the Parliament of England.

See Bank of England and Bank of England Act 1694

Bank of England Act 1696

The Bank of England Act 1696 (8 & 9 Will. 3. c. 20) was an Act of the Parliament of England.

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Bank of England Act 1946

The Bank of England Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 27) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which came into force on 14 February 1946.

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Bank of England £50 note

The Bank of England £50 note is a sterling banknote circulated in the United Kingdom.

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Bank of England Building, Liverpool

The Bank of England Building is a Grade I listed building located on Castle Street, Liverpool, England. Bank of England and Bank of England Building, Liverpool are Grade I listed banks.

See Bank of England and Bank of England Building, Liverpool

Bank of England Museum

The Bank of England Museum, located within the Bank of England in the City of London, is home to a collection of diverse items relating to the history of the Bank and the UK economy from the Bank’s foundation in 1694 to the present day.

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Bank rate

Bank rate, also known as discount rate in American English, and (familiarly) the base rate in British English, is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank.

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Bank reserves

Bank reserves are a commercial bank's cash holdings physically held by the bank, and deposits held in the bank's account with the central bank.

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Bank Restriction Act 1797

The Bank Restriction Act 1797 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (37 Geo. 3. c. 45) which removed the requirement for the Bank of England to convert banknotes into gold.

See Bank of England and Bank Restriction Act 1797

Banking Act 2009

The Banking Act 2009 (c. 1) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that entered into force in part on the 21 February 2009 in order, amongst other things, to replace the Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008.

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Banking hall

A banking hall is traditionally the centre of banking activity in a bank where staff and customers meet surrounded by offices for managers and clerks.

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Banking regulation and supervision

Banking regulation and supervision refers to a form of financial regulation which subjects banks to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, enforced by a financial regulatory authority generally referred to as banking supervisor, with semantic variations across jurisdictions.

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Banknote

A banknotealso called a bill (North American English), paper money, or simply a noteis a type of negotiable promissory note, made by a bank or other licensed authority, payable to the bearer on demand.

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Banknotes of the pound sterling

The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO 4217 currency code: GBP) is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, British Antarctic Territory, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and Tristan da Cunha.

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Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts.

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Battle of Beachy Head (1690)

The Battle of Beachy Head, also known as the Battle of Bévéziers, was a fleet action fought on 10 July 1690 during the Nine Years' War.

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Battle of Fishguard

The Battle of Fishguard was a military invasion of Great Britain by Revolutionary France during the War of the First Coalition.

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Ben Broadbent

Benjamin Robert Hamond Broadbent (born 1 February 1965) is a British economist and has been Deputy Governor for Monetary Policy at the Bank of England since 1 July 2014.

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Bennetts Hill

Bennetts Hill is a street in the core area of Birmingham City Centre, United Kingdom.

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Boar Lane

Boar Lane is a street in the city centre of Leeds, in England.

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Bombsite

A bombsite is the wreckage that remains after a bomb has destroyed a building or other structure.

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Boris Anrep

Boris Vasilyevich Anrep (Борис Васильевич Анреп; – 7 June 1969) was a Russian artist, active in Britain, who devoted himself to the art of mosaic.

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Branch (banking)

A branch, banking center or financial center is a retail location where a bank, credit union, or other financial institution (including a brokerage firm) offers a wide array of face-to-face and automated services to its customers.

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Brien Cokayne, 1st Baron Cullen of Ashbourne

Brien Ibrican Cokayne, 1st Baron Cullen of Ashbourne (born Brien Ibrican Adams; 12 July 1864 – 3 November 1932) was a British businessman and banker.

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Britannia

Britannia is the national personification of Britain as a helmeted female warrior holding a trident and shield.

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British credit crisis of 1772–1773

The British credit crisis of 1772–1773, also known as the crisis of 1772, or the panic of 1772, was a peacetime financial crisis which originated in London and then spread to Scotland and the Dutch Republic.

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British Volunteer Corps

The Volunteer Corps was a British voluntary part-time organization for the purpose of home defence in the event of invasion, during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

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Broad Street, Bristol

Broad Street, along with High Street, Wine Street and Corn Street, is one of the four original streets that have made up the city of Bristol since Saxon times, when it was the burgh of Brycgstow.

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Bullion

Bullion is non-ferrous metal that has been refined to a high standard of elemental purity.

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Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold

Cameron Fromanteel Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold (14 September 1904 – 1 November 1987) was a British banker.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union. Bank of England and central bank are central banks.

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Chancellor of the Exchequer

The chancellor of the exchequer, often abbreviated to Chancellor, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and head of Treasury. Bank of England and chancellor of the Exchequer are hM Treasury.

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CHAPS

The Clearing House Automated Payment System (CHAPS) is a real-time gross settlement payment system used for sterling transactions in the United Kingdom.

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Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax

Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, (16 April 1661 – 19 May 1715) was an English statesman and poet.

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Charles Robert Cockerell

Charles Robert Cockerell (27 April 1788 – 17 September 1863) was an English architect, archaeologist, and writer.

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Charles Wheeler (sculptor)

Sir Charles Thomas Wheeler (14 March 1892 – 22 August 1974) was a British sculptor who worked in bronze and stone who became the first sculptor to hold the presidency of the Royal Academy, from 1956 until 1966.

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Cheapside

Cheapside is a street in the City of London, the historic and modern financial centre of London, England, which forms part of the A40 London to Fishguard road.

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Chief Cashier of the Bank of England

The Chief Cashier of the Bank of England is the person responsible for issuing banknotes at the Bank of England and is the director of the divisions which provide the Bank of England's banking infrastructure.

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Chief economist

Chief economist is a single-position job class having primary responsibility for the development, coordination, and production of economic and financial analysis.

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Chief operating officer

A chief operating officer (COO) (or chief operations officer) is an executive in charge of the daily operations of an organization (i.e. personnel, resources, and logistics).

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City of London

The City of London, also known as the City, is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the ancient centre, and constitutes, along with Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London and one of the leading financial centres of the world.

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City of London Police Museum

The City of London Police Museum is a museum housed at the Guildhall, City of London.

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Coins of the pound sterling

The standard circulating coinage of the United Kingdom, British Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories is denominated in pennies and pounds sterling (symbol "£", commercial GBP), and ranges in value from one penny sterling to two pounds.

See Bank of England and Coins of the pound sterling

Commercial bank

A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans for the purposes of consumption and investment to make a profit.

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Commonwealth banknote-issuing institutions

Commonwealth banknote-issuing institutions also British Empire Paper Currency Issuers comprises a list of public, private, state-owned banks and other government bodies and Currency Boards who issued legal tender: banknotes. Bank of England and Commonwealth banknote-issuing institutions are central banks.

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Company seal

A company seal (sometimes referred to as the corporate seal or common seal) is an official seal used by a company.

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Computershare

Computershare Limited is an Australian stock transfer company that provides corporate trust, stock transfer, and employee share plan services in many countries.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative and Unionist Party, commonly the Conservative Party and colloquially known as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party.

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Consol (bond)

Consols (originally short for consolidated annuities, but subsequently taken to mean consolidated stock) were government debt issues in the form of perpetual bonds, redeemable at the option of the government.

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Consolidated Fund

In many states with political systems derived from the Westminster system, a consolidated fund or consolidated revenue fund is the main bank account of the government.

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Consumer Price Index (United Kingdom)

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the official measure of inflation in consumer prices in the United Kingdom.

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Country Bankers Act 1826

The Country Bankers Act 1826 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted during the reign of George IV.

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Currency and Bank Notes Act 1928

The Currency and Bank Notes Act 1928 (18 & 19 Geo. 5. c. 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to banknotes.

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Dave Ramsden

Sir David Edward John Ramsden CBE (born 9 February 1964) is a British economist and has been Deputy Governor for Markets and Banking at the Bank of England since 4 September 2017.

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David Kynaston

David Thomas Anthony Kynaston (born 30 July 1951 in Aldershot) is an English historian specialising in the social history of England.

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David Lloyd George

David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922.

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De La Rue

De La Rue plc is a British company headquartered in Basingstoke, England, that produces secure digital and physical protections for goods, trade, and identities in 140 countries.

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Debasement

A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold or silver coins, while continuing to circulate it at face value.

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Debden, Epping Forest

Debden is a suburb in the civil parish of Loughton, in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England.

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Debt Management Office (United Kingdom)

The Debt Management Office (DMO) of the United Kingdom is the executive agency responsible for debt and cash management for the UK Government, lending to local authorities and managing certain public sector funds. Bank of England and debt Management Office (United Kingdom) are hM Treasury and organisations based in the City of London.

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Decimal Day

Decimal Day in the United Kingdom and in Ireland was Monday 15 February 1971, the day on which each country decimalised its respective £sd currency of pounds, shillings, and pence.

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Deposit (finance)

A deposit is the act of placing cash (or cash equivalent) with some entity, most commonly with a financial institution, such as a bank.

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Deposit account

A deposit account is a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money.

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Deputy Governor of the Bank of England

A Deputy Governor of the Bank of England is the holder of one of a small number of senior positions at the Bank of England, reporting directly to the Governor.

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Dividend

A dividend is a distribution of profits by a corporation to its shareholders.

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Dormant company

A dormant company is a company that carries out no business activities in the given period of time.

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Duty (tax)

In economics, a duty is a target-specific form of tax levied by a state or other political entity.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.

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Edmund Dell

Edmund Emanuel Dell (15 August 1921 &ndash) was a British politician and businessman.

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Edward George, Baron George

Edward Alan John George, Baron George (16 September 1938 – 18 April 2009), known as Eddie George, or sometimes as "Steady Eddie", was Governor of the Bank of England from 1993 to 2003 and sat on the board of NM Rothschild and Sons.

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Emmeline Pankhurst

Emmeline Pankhurst (née Goulden; 15 July 1858 – 14 June 1928) was a British political activist who organised the British suffragette movement and helped women to win in 1918 the right to vote in Great Britain and Ireland.

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Esquire

Esquire (abbreviated Esq.) is usually a courtesy title.

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European Exchange Rate Mechanism

The European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) is a system introduced by the European Economic Community on 1 January 1999 alongside the introduction of a single currency, the euro (replacing ERM 1 and the euro's predecessor, the ECU) as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe.

See Bank of England and European Exchange Rate Mechanism

Exchange controls in the United Kingdom

Exchange controls, also known as capital controls and currency controls, limiting the convertibility of Pounds sterling into foreign currencies, operated within the United Kingdom from the outbreak of war in 1939 until they were abolished by the Conservative Government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in October 1979.

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Exchange Equalisation Account

The Exchange Equalisation Account (EEA) is a fund of His Majesty's Treasury in the United Kingdom. Bank of England and Exchange Equalisation Account are hM Treasury.

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Exchequer

In the civil service of the United Kingdom, His Majesty's Exchequer, or just the Exchequer, is the accounting process of central government and the government's current account (i.e., money held from taxation and other government revenues) in the Consolidated Fund.

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Felix Schuster

Sir Felix Schuster, 1st Baronet (21 April 1854 — 13 May 1936) was a British banker, financier and Liberal politician.

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Financial Conduct Authority

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is a financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom. Bank of England and financial Conduct Authority are hM Treasury.

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Financial market

A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs.

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Financial Policy Committee

The Financial Policy Committee (FPC) is an official committee of the Bank of England, modelled on the already well established Monetary Policy Committee.

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Financial regulation

Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or Principal–agent problems.

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Financial Sanctions Unit

The Financial Sanctions Unit of the Bank of England formerly administered financial sanctions in the United Kingdom on behalf of HM Treasury.

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Financial Services Act 2012

The Financial Services Act 2012 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which implements a new regulatory framework for the financial system and financial services in the UK.

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Financial Services Authority

The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was a quasi-judicial body accountable for the regulation of the financial services industry in the United Kingdom between 2001 and 2013. Bank of England and financial Services Authority are hM Treasury.

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Financial stability

Financial stability is the absence of system-wide episodes in which a financial crisis occurs and is characterised as an economy with low volatility.

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Finsbury Circus

Finsbury Circus is a park in the Coleman Street Ward of the City of London, England.

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Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (forex, FX (pronounced "fix"), or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies.

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Former Bank of England, Bristol

The Former Bank of England is a historic building at 13/14 Broad Street in Bristol, England. Bank of England and Former Bank of England, Bristol are Grade I listed banks.

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Former Bank of England, Manchester

The Former Bank of England building at 82 King Street, Manchester, is a historic banking building.

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Fox, Fowler and Company

Fox, Fowler, and Company was a British private bank, based in Wellington, Somerset.

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Frances O'Grady, Baroness O'Grady of Upper Holloway

Frances Lorraine Maria O'Grady, Baroness O'Grady of Upper Holloway (born 9 November 1959), is a British former trade unionist leader, who served as the General Secretary of the British Trades Union Congress (TUC) from 2013 to 2022, being the first woman to hold the position.

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Freedom of Information Act 2000

The Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that creates a public "right of access" to information held by public authorities.

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French Navy

The French Navy (lit), informally La Royale, is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of France.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

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French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars (Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802.

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Galleon

Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships developed in Spain and first used as armed cargo carriers by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries during the Age of Sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-17th century.

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George V

George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.

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George Washington

George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American Founding Father, military officer, and politician who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

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Gilt-edged securities

Gilt-edged securities, also referred to as gilts, are bonds issued by the UK Government.

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Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution is the sequence of events that led to the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688.

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Gold reserve

A gold reserve is the gold held by a national central bank, intended mainly as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay depositors, note holders (e.g. paper money), or trading peers, during the eras of the gold standard, and also as a store of value, or to support the value of the national currency.

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Gold reserves of the United Kingdom

The gold reserve of the United Kingdom is the amount of gold kept by Bank of England as a store of value of part of the United Kingdom's wealth. Bank of England and gold reserves of the United Kingdom are hM Treasury.

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Gold standard

A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Gordon Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne

Gordon William Humphreys Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne (25 November 1915 – 22 January 2010) was a British banker, former lawyer, and former Governor of the Bank of England.

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Gordon Riots

The Gordon Riots of 1780 were several days of rioting in London motivated by anti-Catholic sentiment.

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Government debt

A country's gross government debt (also called public debt or sovereign debt) is the financial liabilities of the government sector.

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Government Legal Department

The Government Legal Department (previously called the Treasury Solicitor's Department) is the largest in-house legal organisation in the United Kingdom's Government Legal Profession.

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Government of the United Kingdom

The Government of the United Kingdom (formally His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government) is the central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Governor of the Bank of England

The governor of the Bank of England is the most senior position in the Bank of England. Bank of England and governor of the Bank of England are 1694 establishments in England.

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Grainger Town

Grainger Town is the historic commercial center of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.

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Great Recoinage of 1696

The Great Recoinage of 1696 was an attempt by the English Government under King William III to replace the hammered silver that made up most of the coinage in circulation, much of it being clipped and badly worn.

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Hansard

Hansard is the transcripts of parliamentary debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries.

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Herbert Baker

Sir Herbert Baker (9 June 1862 – 4 February 1946) was an English architect remembered as the dominant force in South African architecture for two decades, and a major designer of some of New Delhi's most notable government structures. Bank of England and Herbert Baker are Herbert Baker buildings and structures.

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High Street, Bristol

High Street, together with Wine Street, Broad Street and Corn Street, is one of the four cross streets which met at the carfax, later the site of the Bristol High Cross, the heart of Bristol, England when it was a walled medieval town.

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HM Treasury

His Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), occasionally referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Hollow Sword Blade Company

The Hollow Sword Blades Company was a British joint-stock company founded in 1691 by a goldsmith, Sir Stephen Evance, for the manufacture of hollow-ground rapiers.

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Household Division

The Household Division forms a part of the British Army's London District and is made up of five regiments of foot guards and two Household Cavalry regiments.

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Hurstbourne Park

Hurstbourne Park is a country house and 1200-acre estate near Whitchurch, Hampshire, England.

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Huw Pill

Huw Pill is a Welsh economist, and the chief economist of the Bank of England since September 2021, succeeding Andy Haldane.

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Incorporation (business)

Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation.

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Inflation targeting

In macroeconomics, inflation targeting is a monetary policy where a central bank follows an explicit target for the inflation rate for the medium-term and announces this inflation target to the public.

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Intaglio (printmaking)

Intaglio is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink.

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Interest

In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate.

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Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum).

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Ironworks

An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made.

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James Gillray

James Gillray (13 August 1756Gillray, James and Draper Hill (1966). Fashionable contrasts. Phaidon. p. 8.Baptism register for Fetter Lane (Moravian) confirms birth as 13 August 1756, baptism 17 August 1756 1June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker famous for his etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810.

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Jitesh Gadhia, Baron Gadhia

Jitesh Kishorekumar Gadhia, Baron Gadhia is a British investment banker, Conservative Party donor and member of the House of Lords.

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John Asgill

John Asgill (25 March 1659 – 10 November 1738) was an eccentric English writer and politician.

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John Cheere

John Cheere (1709–1787) was an English sculptor, born in London.

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John Houblon

Sir John Houblon (13 March 1632 – 10 January 1712) was an English merchant and banker who served as the first governor of the Bank of England from 1694 to 1697. He also served as the Lord Mayor of London in 1695.

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John Soane

Sir John Soane (né Soan; 10 September 1753 – 20 January 1837) was an English architect who specialised in the Neo-Classical style. Bank of England and John Soane are John Soane buildings.

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Joint-stock company

A joint-stock company (JSC) is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders.

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King Street, Manchester

King Street is one of the most important thoroughfares of Manchester city centre, England.

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King's Guard

The King's Guard (called the Queen's Guard when the reigning monarch is female) are sentry postings at Buckingham Palace and St James's Palace, organised by the British Army's Household Division.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

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Lender of last resort

In public finance, a lender of last resort (LOLR) is the institution in a financial system that acts as the provider of liquidity to a financial institution which finds itself unable to obtain sufficient liquidity in the interbank lending market when other facilities or such sources have been exhausted.

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Leslie O'Brien, Baron O'Brien of Lothbury

Leslie Kenneth O'Brien, Baron O'Brien of Lothbury (8 February 1908 – 24 November 1995) was Governor of the Bank of England.

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Liberal Democrats (UK)

The Liberal Democrats (colloquially known as the Lib Dems) are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom, founded in 1988.

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List of British currencies

A variety of currencies are tender in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and crown dependencies.

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List of central banks

This is a list of central banks. Bank of England and list of central banks are central banks.

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List of directors of the Bank of England

The Court of Directors of the Bank of England originally consisted of 24 shareholders, of which 8 were replaced every year by new members, i.e. shareholders not already directors of the bank at the time.

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List of oldest banks in continuous operation

This list of the oldest banks includes financial institutions in continuous operation, operating with the same legal identity without interruption since their establishment until the present time.

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Listed building

In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural and/or historic interest deserving of special protection.

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London Stock Exchange

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange in the City of London, England. Bank of England and London Stock Exchange are organisations based in the City of London.

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Loughton

Loughton is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest District of Essex, within the metropolitan and urban area of London, England.

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Macroprudential regulation

Macroprudential regulation is the approach to financial regulation that aims to mitigate risk to the financial system as a whole (or "systemic risk").

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Mark Carney

Mark Joseph Carney (born March 16, 1965) is a Canadian economist and banker who was the governor of the Bank of Canada from 2008 to 2013 and the governor of the Bank of England from 2013 to 2020.

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Market intelligence

Market intelligence (MI) is gathering and analyzing information relevant to a company's market - trends, competitor and customer (existing, lost and targeted) monitoring.

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Memorandum of understanding

A memorandum of understanding (MoU) is a type of agreement between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) parties.

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Merchant bank

A merchant bank is historically a bank dealing in commercial loans and investment.

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Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury

Mervyn Allister King, Baron King of Lothbury (born 30 March 1948) is a British economist and public servant who served as the Governor of the Bank of England from 2003 to 2013.

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Michael Godfrey

Michael Godfrey (22 February 1658 – 1695) was an English merchant and financier, who was one of the founders and the first deputy governor of the Bank of England.

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Milk churn

A milk churn is a tall, conical or cylindrical container for the transportation of milk.

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Monetary base

In economics, the monetary base (also base money, money base, high-powered money, reserve money, outside money, central bank money or, in the UK, narrow money) in a country is the total amount of money created by the central bank.

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to affect monetary and other financial conditions to accomplish broader objectives like high employment and price stability (normally interpreted as a low and stable rate of inflation).

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Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a committee of the Bank of England, which meets for three and a half days, eight times a year, to decide the official interest rate in the United Kingdom (the Bank of England Base Rate).

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Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman

Montagu Collet Norman, 1st Baron Norman DSO PC (6 September 1871 – 4 February 1950) was an English banker, best known for his role as the Governor of the Bank of England from 1920 to 1944.

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Mortgage

A mortgage loan or simply mortgage, in civil law jurisdictions known also as a hypothec loan, is a loan used either by purchasers of real property to raise funds to buy real estate, or by existing property owners to raise funds for any purpose while putting a lien on the property being mortgaged.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.

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Nathan Mayer Rothschild

Nathan Mayer Rothschild (16 September 1777 – 28 July 1836, also known as Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was an English-German banker, businessman and financier. Born in Frankfurt am Main, he was the third of the five sons of Mayer Amschel Rothschild and his wife, Guttle (née Schnapper). He was the founder of the English branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

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National Bureau of Economic Research

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

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National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.

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Negotiable instrument

A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named on the document.

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Nicholas Barbon

Nicholas Barbon (1640 – 1698) was an English economist, physician, and financial speculator.

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Nicholas Budgen

Nicholas William Budgen (3 November 1937 – 26 October 1998), often called Nick Budgen, was a British Conservative Party politician.

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Nicholas Kaldor

Nicholas Kaldor, Baron Kaldor (12 May 1908 – 30 September 1986), born Káldor Miklós, was a Hungarian economist.

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Nikolaus Pevsner

Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner (30 January 1902 – 18 August 1983) was a German-British art historian and architectural historian best known for his monumental 46-volume series of county-by-county guides, The Buildings of England (1951–74).

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Nine Years' War

The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between France and the Grand Alliance.

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Northgate Street

Northgate Street is a street in the City of Gloucester, so named because its northern end was originally the location of the north gate in the city's walls.

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Nuestra Señora de la Concepción

Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (Spanish: "Our Lady of the (Immaculate) Conception") was a 120-ton Spanish galleon that sailed the Peru–Panama trading route during the 16th century.

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Nunhead Cemetery

Nunhead Cemetery is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries in London, England.

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Official Secrets Act

An Official Secrets Act (OSA) is legislation that provides for the protection of state secrets and official information, mainly related to national security.

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One New Change

One New Change is a major office and retail development in the City of London.

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Open outcry

Open outcry is a method of communication between professionals on a stock exchange or futures exchange, typically on a trading floor.

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Operation Bernhard

Operation Bernhard was an exercise by Nazi Germany to forge British bank notes.

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Overton, Hampshire

Overton is a large village and parish in Hampshire, England, west of Basingstoke and east of Andover and Whitchurch.

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Panic of 1825

The Panic of 1825 was a stock market crash that started in the Bank of England, arising in part out of speculative investments in Latin America, including the imaginary country of Poyais.

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Panic of 1866

The Panic of 1866 was an international financial downturn that accompanied the failure of Overend, Gurney and Company in London, and the corso forzoso abandonment of the silver standard in Italy.

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Park Row, Leeds

Park Row is a street in Leeds city centre, West Yorkshire, England.

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Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)

Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) is the official name of the transcripts of debates in the New Zealand Parliament.

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Paymaster General

His Majesty's Paymaster General or HM Paymaster General is a ministerial position in the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom. Bank of England and Paymaster General are hM Treasury.

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Payment system

A payment system is any system used to settle financial transactions through the transfer of monetary value.

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Philip Hardwick

Philip Hardwick (15 June 1792 in London – 28 December 1870) was an English architect, particularly associated with railway stations and warehouses in London and elsewhere.

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Portals (paper makers)

Portals is a British papermaking company that has had two distinct existences as an independent business, from 1711 to 1995, and from 2018 onwards.

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Portland Street, Manchester

Portland Street is a street in Manchester, England, which runs from Piccadilly at its junction with Newton Street south-westwards to Oxford Street at its junction with Chepstow Street.

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Poultry, London

Poultry (formerly also Poultrey) is a short street in the City of London, which is the historic nucleus and modern financial centre of London.

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Pound sterling

Sterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories.

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Private member's bill

A private member's bill is a bill (proposed law) introduced into a legislature by a legislator who is not acting on behalf of the executive branch.

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Prudential Regulation Authority (United Kingdom)

The Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) is a United Kingdom financial services regulatory body, formed as one of the successors to the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Bank of England and Prudential Regulation Authority (United Kingdom) are hM Treasury.

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Public trustee

The public trustee is an office established pursuant to national (and, if applicable, state or territory) statute, to act as a trustee, usually when a sum is required to be deposited as security by legislation, if courts remove another trustee, or for estates if either no executor is named by will or the testator elects to name the public trustee.

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Quantitative easing

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action where a central bank purchases predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate economic activity.

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Quarterly Journal of Political Science

Quarterly Journal of Political Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal which began in 2006.

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Rational expectations

Rational expectations is an economic theory that seeks to infer the macroeconomic consequences of individuals' decisions based on all available knowledge.

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Real-time gross settlement

Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) systems are specialist funds transfer systems where the transfer of money or securities takes place from one bank to any other bank on a "real-time" and on a "gross" basis to avoid settlement risk.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Reserve requirement

Reserve requirements are central bank regulations that set the minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold in liquid assets.

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Retail banking

Retail banking, also known as consumer banking or personal banking, is the provision of services by a bank to the general public, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks, which are often described as wholesale banking (corporate banking).

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Retail Price Index

In the United Kingdom, the Retail Prices Index or Retail Price Index (RPI) is a measure of inflation published monthly by the Office for National Statistics. Bank of England and Retail Price Index are economy of the United Kingdom.

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Robert Skidelsky

Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky, (born 25 April 1939) is a British economic historian.

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Robert Taylor (architect)

Sir Robert Taylor (1714–1788) was an English architect and sculptor who worked in London and the south of England.

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Robin Leigh-Pemberton, Baron Kingsdown

Robert "Robin" Leigh-Pemberton, Baron Kingsdown, (5 January 1927 – 24 November 2013) was a British Peer and banker, who served as Governor of the Bank of England from 1983 to 1993.

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Ron Kalifa

Sir Rohinton Minoo "Ron" Kalifa (born April 1961) is a British entrepreneur.

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Rowland Baring, 3rd Earl of Cromer

Lieutenant Colonel George Rowland Stanley Baring, 3rd Earl of Cromer, (28 July 1918 – 16 March 1991), styled Viscount Errington before 1953, was a British banker and diplomat.

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Rowman & Littlefield

Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.

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Royal Bank of Scotland

The Royal Bank of Scotland (Banca Rìoghail na h-Alba) is a major retail and commercial bank in Scotland.

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Royal charter

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Royal Navy Dockyard

Royal Navy Dockyards (more usually termed Royal Dockyards) were state-owned harbour facilities where ships of the Royal Navy were built, based, repaired and refitted.

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Sam Woods (civil servant)

Sam Woods is a New Zealand-born British civil servant.

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Samuel Morley, 1st Baron Hollenden

Samuel Hope Morley, 1st Baron Hollenden DL JP (3 July 1845 – 18 February 1929), was a British businessman.

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Sarah Breeden

Sarah Breeden is the Deputy Governor of the Bank of England for Financial Stability from November 2023, she succeeded Sir Jon Cunliffe.

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Securitas depot robbery

The 2006 Securitas depot robbery in Tonbridge, England, was the UK's largest cash heist.

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Security (finance)

A security is a tradable financial asset.

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Settlement (finance)

Settlement is the "final step in the transfer of ownership involving the physical exchange of securities or payment".

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Shilling

The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currencies formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, other British Commonwealth countries and Ireland, where they were generally equivalent to 12 pence or one-twentieth of a pound before being phased out during the 1960s and 1970s.

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South Sea Company

The South Sea Company (officially: The Governor and Company of the merchants of Great Britain, trading to the South Seas and other parts of America and for the encouragement of the Fishery) was a British joint-stock company founded in January 1711, created as a public-private partnership to consolidate and reduce the cost of the national debt.

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St Christopher le Stocks

St Christopher le Stocks was a parish church on the north side of Threadneedle Street in the Broad Street Ward of the City of London.

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St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics

St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics was founded in London in 1751 for the treatment of incurable pauper lunatics by a group of philanthropic apothecaries and others.

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St Luke's Printing Works

St Luke's Printing Works was the owned by the Bank of England for printing bank notes from 1917 to 1958.

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St Paul's Cathedral

St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London, England, the seat of the Bishop of London.

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Steel frame

Steel frame is a building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame.

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Stock exchange

A stock exchange, securities exchange, or bourse is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds and other financial instruments.

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Stock transfer agent

A stock transfer agent, transfer agent, share registry or transfer agency is an entity, usually a third-party firm unrelated to security transactions, that manages the change in ownership of company stock or investment fund shares, maintains a register of ownership and acts as paying agent for the payment of dividends and other distributions to investors.

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Stockbroker

A stockbroker is an individual or company that buys and sells stocks and other investments for a financial market participant in return for a commission, markup, or fee.

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Stockjobber

Stockjobbers were institutions that acted as market makers in the London Stock Exchange.

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Suffragette bombing and arson campaign

Suffragettes in Great Britain and Ireland orchestrated a bombing and arson campaign between the years 1912 and 1914.

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Systemic risk

In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to the risk associated with any one individual entity, group or component of a system, that can be contained therein without harming the entire system.

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Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.

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The Economic Journal

The Economic Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published on behalf of the Royal Economic Society by Oxford University Press.

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The Economist

The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Mercers' Company

The Mercers' Company, or the Worshipful Company of Mercers, is a livery company of the City of London in the Great Twelve City Livery Companies, and ranks first in the order of precedence of the Companies.

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The Old Bank of England

The Old Bank of England is a public house at 194 Fleet Street, where the City of London meets the City of Westminster.

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Thomas Catto, 1st Baron Catto

Thomas Sivewright Catto, 1st Baron Catto, CBE, PC (15 March 1879 – 23 August 1959) was a Scottish businessman and later Governor of the Bank of England.

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Threadneedle Street

Threadneedle Street is a street in the City of London, England, between Bishopsgate at its northeast end and Bank junction in the southwest.

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Thwaites & Reed

Thwaites & Reed has been in continuous manufacture since its foundation and claims to be the oldest clock manufacturing company in the world.

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Tonbridge

Tonbridge (historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in Kent, England, on the River Medway, north of Royal Tunbridge Wells, south west of Maidstone and south east of London.

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Tone Dale House

Tone Dale House (or Tonedale House) is a Grade II listed country house built in 1801 or 1807 by Thomas Fox in Wellington, Somerset, England.

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Tonnage and poundage

Tonnage and poundage were English duties and taxes first levied in Edward II's reign on every tun (cask) of imported wine, which came mostly from Spain and Portugal, and on every pound weight of merchandise exported or imported.

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Too big to fail

"Too big to fail" (TBTF) is a theory in banking and finance that asserts that certain corporations, particularly financial institutions, are so large and so interconnected that their failure would be disastrous to the greater economic system, and therefore should be supported by government when they face potential failure.

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Trade

Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.

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Tradesperson

A tradesperson or tradesman/woman is a skilled worker that specialises in a particular trade.

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Undercapitalization

Under-capitalization refers to any situation where a business cannot acquire the funds they need.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Kingdom national debt

The United Kingdom national debt is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of the United Kingdom at any time through the issue of securities by the British Treasury and other government agencies.

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Venetian window

A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian window) is a large tripartite window which is a key element in Palladian architecture.

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W. R. Scott (economist)

William Robert Scott (31 August 1868 – 3 April 1940) was a political economist who was Adam Smith Professor of Political Economy at the University of Glasgow from 1915 to 1940.

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Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe

Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe, GBE (3 December 1855 – 6 January 1920) was a British banker who established the merchant banking business of Cunliffe Brothers (after 1920, Goschens & Cunliffe) in London, and who was Governor of the Bank of England from 1913 to 1918, during the critical World War I era.

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Ways and means committee

A ways and means committee is a government body that is charged with reviewing and making recommendations for government budgets.

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Wellington, Somerset

Wellington is a market town in Somerset, England.

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Whitchurch, Hampshire

Whitchurch is a town in the borough of Basingstoke and Deane in Hampshire, England.

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Whitefriargate

Whitefriargate is a pedestrianised street in the Old Town area of Kingston upon Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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Wholesale banking

Wholesale banking is the provision of services by banks to larger customers or organizations such as mortgage brokers, large corporate clients, mid-sized companies, real estate developers and investors, international trade finance businesses, institutional customers (such as pension funds and government entities/agencies), and services offered to other banks or other financial institutions.

See Bank of England and Wholesale banking

William III of England

William III (William Henry;; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.

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William Middleton Campbell

William Middleton Campbell (1849–1919) was Governor of the Bank of England from 1907 to 1909.

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William Paterson (banker)

Sir William Paterson (April 1658 - 22 January 1719) was a Scottish trader and banker.

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William Phips

Sir William Phips (or Phipps; February 2, 1651 – February 18, 1695) was born in Maine in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was of humble origin, uneducated, and fatherless from a young age but rapidly advanced from shepherd boy to shipwright, ship's captain, and treasure hunter, the first New England native to be knighted, and the first royally appointed governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

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Women's Social and Political Union

The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom founded in 1903.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Bank of England and World War II

Worshipful Company of Grocers

The Worshipful Company of Grocers is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London, ranking second in order of precedence.

See Bank of England and Worshipful Company of Grocers

1992 United Kingdom general election

The 1992 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 9 April 1992, to elect 651 members to the House of Commons.

See Bank of England and 1992 United Kingdom general election

1997 United Kingdom general election

The 1997 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 1 May 1997.

See Bank of England and 1997 United Kingdom general election

2007–2008 financial crisis

The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or the global financial crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression. Bank of England and 2007–2008 financial crisis are economy of the United Kingdom.

See Bank of England and 2007–2008 financial crisis

7 Burlington Gardens

7 Burlington Gardens is a Grade II* building in Mayfair, London.

See Bank of England and 7 Burlington Gardens

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_England

Also known as @bankofengland, Asset Purchase Facility, Bank of England Agents, Bankofengland.co.uk, BoE, Central bank of Great Britain, Central bank of the United Kingdom, English bank, Governor and Company of the Bank of England, National bank of England, National bank of Gibraltar, National bank of Guernsey, National bank of Jersey, National bank of Northern Ireland, National bank of Wales, National bank of the Isle of Man, National bank of the United Kingdom, Old Lady of Threadneedle Street, Old Lady of the Threadneedle Street, The Bank of England, The Governor and Company of the Bank of England, The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street, UK Central Bank.

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