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45 relations: A, Ç, Ñ, B, Basque language, C, D, Digraph (orthography), E, Euskaltzaindia, F, French language, G, Gero (book), H, I, International Phonetic Alphabet, ISO basic Latin alphabet, J, K, L, Latin script, List of Latin-script digraphs, M, Mojibake, N, O, P, Palatal lateral approximant, Pedro Agerre, Phoneme, Q, R, Romance languages, S, Sabino Arana, Spanish language, Standard Basque, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
A
A (named, plural As, A's, as, a's or aes) is the first letter and the first vowel of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Ç
Ç or ç (c-cedilla) is a Latin script letter, used in the Albanian, Azerbaijani, Manx, Portuguese, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Kurdish and Zazaki alphabets.
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Ñ
Ñ (lower case ñ, eñe, Phonetic Alphabet: "énye") is a letter of the modern Latin alphabet, formed by placing a tilde (called a virgulilla in Spanish) on top of an upper- or lowercase N. It became part of the Spanish alphabet in the eighteenth century when it was first formally defined, but it is also used in other languages such as Galician, Asturian, the Aragonese Grafía de Uesca, Basque, Chavacano, Filipino, Chamorro, Guarani, Quechua, Mapudungun, Mandinka, and Tetum alphabets, as well as in Latin transliteration of Tocharian and Sanskrit, where it represents.
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B
B or b (pronounced) is the second letter of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Basque language
Basque (euskara) is a language spoken in the Basque country and Navarre. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and, as a language isolate, to any other known living language. The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% of Basques in all territories (751,500). Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities of Álava, and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen the language. By contrast, most of Álava, the western part of Biscay and central and southern areas of Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries, in some areas (most of Álava and central Navarre), or because it was possibly never spoken there, in other areas (Enkarterri and southeastern Navarre). Under Restorationist and Francoist Spain, public use of Basque was frowned upon, often regarded as a sign of separatism; this applied especially to those regions that did not support Franco's uprising (such as Biscay or Gipuzkoa). However, in those Basque-speaking regions that supported the uprising (such as Navarre or Álava) the Basque language was more than merely tolerated. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s. Besides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese–Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used—and easily understood by all Basque speakers—in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school. A language isolate, Basque is believed to be one of the few surviving pre-Indo-European languages in Europe, and the only one in Western Europe. The origin of the Basques and of their languages is not conclusively known, though the most accepted current theory is that early forms of Basque developed prior to the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, including the Romance languages that geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Basque has adopted a good deal of its vocabulary from the Romance languages, and Basque speakers have in turn lent their own words to Romance speakers. The Basque alphabet uses the Latin script.
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C
C is the third letter in the English alphabet and a letter of the alphabets of many other writing systems which inherited it from the Latin alphabet.
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D
D (named dee) is the fourth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram (from the δίς dís, "double" and γράφω gráphō, "to write") is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
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E
E (named e, plural ees) is the fifth letter and the second vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Euskaltzaindia
Euskaltzaindia (literally, "group of keepers of the Basque language"; often translated Royal Academy of the Basque Language) is the official academic language regulatory institution which watches over the Basque language.
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F
F (named ef) is the sixth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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G
G (named gee) is the 7th letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Gero (book)
Gero (meaning 'later', Guero in contemporary spelling) is a 16th-century ascetic book in Basque composed by Pedro Agerre (also spelled Pedro D'Aguerre), better known as Axular.
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H
H (named aitch or, regionally, haitch, plural aitches)"H" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "aitch" or "haitch", op.
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I
I (named i, plural ies) is the ninth letter and the third vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
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ISO basic Latin alphabet
The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in various national and international standards and used widely in international communication.
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J
J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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K
K (named kay) is the eleventh letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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L
L (named el) is the twelfth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet, used in words such as lagoon, lantern, and less.
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Latin script
Latin or Roman script is a set of graphic signs (script) based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, which is derived from a form of the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, used by the Etruscans.
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List of Latin-script digraphs
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets.
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M
M (named em) is the thirteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Mojibake
Mojibake (文字化け) is the garbled text that is the result of text being decoded using an unintended character encoding.
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N
N (named en) is the fourteenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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O
O (named o, plural oes) is the 15th letter and the fourth vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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P
P (named pee) is the 16th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Palatal lateral approximant
The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Pedro Agerre
Pedro Agerre, best known as Axular, was one of the main Basque writers of the 17th century.
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Phoneme
A phoneme is one of the units of sound (or gesture in the case of sign languages, see chereme) that distinguish one word from another in a particular language.
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Q
Q (named cue) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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R
R (named ar/or) is the 18th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Romance languages
The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.
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S
S (named ess, plural esses) is the 19th letter in the Modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Sabino Arana
Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri, self-styled as Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin (26 January 1865 – 25 November 1903), was a Spanish writer.
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Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
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Standard Basque
Standard Basque (euskara batua or simply batua) is a standardised version of the Basque language, developed by the Basque Language Academy in the late 1960s, which nowadays is the most widely and commonly spoken Basque-language version throughout the Basque Country.
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T
T (named tee) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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U
U (named u, plural ues) is the 21st letter and the fifth vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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V
V (named vee) is the 22nd letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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W
W (named double-u,Pronounced plural double-ues) is the 23rd letter of the modern English and ISO basic Latin alphabets.
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X
X (named ex, plural exes) is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Y
Y (named wye, plural wyes) is the 25th and penultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Z
Z (named zed or zee "Z", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "zee", op. cit.) is the 26th and final letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_alphabet
