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268 relations: A. K. Fazlul Huq, Abbasid Caliphate, Abbot, Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Afghanistan, Ain-i-Akbari, Akbar, Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha, Alauddin Husain Shah, All-India Muslim League, Amar Sonar Bangla, Americas, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Anga, Anushilan Samiti, Arabs, Archaeology, Ashoka, Asia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Assam, Atharvaveda, Atheism, Atiśa, Aurangzeb, Austric languages, Azad Hind, Bagha Jatin, Bahá'í Faith, Balochistan, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Liberation War, Bangladeshi Canadians, Bangladeshi diaspora, Bangladeshis in Japan, Bangladeshis in the Middle East, Barak Valley, Battle of Plassey, Begum Rokeya, Bengal, Bengal Army, Bengal famine of 1943, Bengal Presidency, Bengal Subah, Bengal Sultanate, Bengali Americans, Bengali Buddhists, ..., Bengali Christians, Bengali Hindus, Bengali language, Bengali Muslims, Bengali nationalism, Bengali renaissance, Bengali science fiction, Bengalis in Pakistan, Bihar, Biologist, Bose–Einstein condensate, Bose–Einstein statistics, Boson, Botany, Brahmo, Brill Publishers, British Bangladeshi, British Raj, Buddhism, Buddhism in Bangladesh, Cambridge University Press, Cellular Jail, Central Asia, Chalcolithic, Chandragupta Maurya, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Chittaranjan Das, Chola dynasty, Christianity, Common Era, Company rule in India, Deindustrialization, Delhi, Delhi Sultanate, Dhaka, Dhaka Tribune, Dharmapala (emperor), Diaspora, Diwali, Duke University Press, Durga Puja, Dutch East India Company, East Bengal, East India Company, East Pakistan, Eastern Nagari script, Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Encyclopædia Britannica, Ethnic group, Ethnonym, Famine in India, Federal Research Division, Feni District, Freedom of Intellect Movement, Frontline (magazine), Gangaridai, Ganges, Gautama Buddha, Ghosts in Bengali culture, Ghulam Husain Salim, Gopala I, Govinda III, Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty), Great Bengal famine of 1770, Greeks, Gupta Empire, Han Chinese, Hand axe, Harivamsa, Harvard University Press, Hindu, Hindu nationalism, Hinduism, Holi, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, India, Indian Armed Forces, Indian independence movement, Indian National Army, Indian National Congress, Indian Ocean, Indian Rebellion of 1857, Indian subcontinent, Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-European languages, Indonesia, Islam, Islam Khan I, Italy, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Jana Gana Mana, Japan, Jatra (theatre), Jharkhand, John F. Richards, Jugantar, Kabul, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Khudiram Bose, Khwaja Salimullah, Kolkata, Lahore Resolution, Lakshmana Sena, Library of Congress, List of Bangladeshi people, List of Bengalis, List of contemporary ethnic groups, List of languages by number of native speakers, List of people considered father or mother of a field, List of people from West Bengal, List of physicists, Magadha, Mahabharata, Mahajanapada, Malaysia, Mamluk dynasty (Delhi), Man Singh I, Mathematical physics, Maurya Empire, Microwave, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan), Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Mir Mosharraf Hossain, Mughal emperors, Mughal Empire, Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, Muharram, Mukti Bahini, Murshidabad, Muslim, Muslin, Nation, Nawab, Nitish Sengupta, Noah, Northeast India, Om Prakash (historian), Optics, Outlook (magazine), Pakistani Instrument of Surrender, Pala Empire, Paleolithic, Pali, Partition of Bengal (1905), Partition of India, Pearl, Physicist, Polymath, Prafulla Chaki, Prakrit, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Provisional Government of Bangladesh, Pundra Kingdom, Pundravardhana, Puranas, Quantum mechanics, Rabindranath Tagore, Radcliffe Line, Rajendra Chola I, Rajput, Ram Mohan Roy, Rangamati, Rash Behari Bose, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Revolutionary movement for Indian independence, Rice, Routledge, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Sake Dean Mahomed, Sanskrit, Sarojini Naidu, Satyendra Nath Bose, Self-determination, Sena dynasty, Shah Jalal, Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, Shashanka, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Shillong, Shipbuilding, Silk, Singapore, South Asia, South Korea, Sri Aurobindo, Sri Lanka Matha, Srivijaya, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sufism, Suhma Kingdom, Sultan, Surendranath Banerjee, Surya Sen, Swami Vivekananda, Syed Ameer Ali, Sylhet Division, The World Factbook, Tibetan Empire, Tilopa, Titumir, Tripura, Turkic peoples, United Bengal, University of California Press, University of Chicago Press, University of Manchester, University of Michigan, University of Virginia, Vande Mataram, Vanga, Vanga Kingdom, Vedanta, Vedic Sanskrit, Vikramashila, West Bengal, Yoga, 1971 Bangladesh genocide. Expand index (218 more) »
A. K. Fazlul Huq
Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq (26 October 1873—27 April 1962); was a Bengali lawyer, legislator and statesman in the 20th century.
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Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Abbot
Abbot, meaning father, is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity.
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Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (আব্দুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী, 12 December 1880 – 17 November 1976), shortened as Maulana Bhashani was a popular Islamic scholar and political leader in British India (now Bangladesh).
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Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (ابو الفضل) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible.
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
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Ain-i-Akbari
The Ain-i-Akbari (آئینِ اکبری) or the "Constitution of Akbar", is a 16th-century, detailed document recording the administration of emperor Akbar's empire, written by his vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.
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Akbar
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.
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Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
The Akhil Bhāratiya Hindū Mahāsabhā (translation: All-India Hindu Grand-Assembly) is a right wing Hindu nationalist political party in India.
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Alauddin Husain Shah
Ala-ud-din Husain Shah (আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ); reign 1494–1519)Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006).
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All-India Muslim League
The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.
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Amar Sonar Bangla
Amar Sonar Bangla (আমার সোনার বাংলা, "My Golden Bengal") is the national anthem of Bangladesh.
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Americas
The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.
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Andaman and Nicobar Islands
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, one of the seven union territories of India, are a group of islands at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.
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Andaman Islands
The Andaman Islands form an archipelago in the Bay of Bengal between India, to the west, and Myanmar, to the north and east.
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Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India.
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Anga
Anga was an ancient Indian kingdom that flourished on the eastern Indian subcontinent and one of the sixteen mahajanapadas ("large state").
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Anushilan Samiti
Anushilan Samiti (Ōnūshīlōn sōmītī, lit: body-building society) was a Bengali Indian organisation that existed in the first quarter of the twentieth century, and propounded revolutionary violence as the means for ending British rule in India.
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Arabs
Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.
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Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Ashoka
Ashoka (died 232 BCE), or Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from to 232 BCE.
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Asia
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was established as the Asiatic Society of Pakistan in Dhaka in 1952, and renamed in 1972.
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Assam
Assam is a state in Northeast India, situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.
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Atharvaveda
The Atharva Veda (Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद, from and veda, meaning "knowledge") is the "knowledge storehouse of atharvāṇas, the procedures for everyday life".
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Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Atiśa
(অতীশ দীপংকর শ্রীজ্ঞান; ཇོ་བོ་རྗེ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཨ་ཏི་ཤ།) (982 - 1054 CE) was a Buddhist Bengali religious leader and master.
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Aurangzeb
Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad (محي الدين محمد) (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the sobriquet Aurangzeb (اَورنگزیب), (اورنگزیب "Ornament of the Throne") or by his regnal title Alamgir (عالمگِیر), (عالمگير "Conqueror of the World"), was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal emperor.
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Austric languages
Austric is a large hypothetical grouping of languages primarily spoken in Southeast Asia and Pacific.
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Azad Hind
Ārzī Hukūmat-e-Āzād Hind, the Provisional Government of Free India, or, more simply, Free India (Azad Hind), was an Indian provisional government established in occupied Singapore in 1943 and supported by the Empire of Japan, Nazi Germany, the Italian Social Republic, and their allies.
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Bagha Jatin
Bagha Jatin (Bāghā Jatin, lit: Tiger Jatin), born Jatindranath Mukherjee (Jotindrônāth Mukhōpaddhāē; 8 December 1879 – 10 September 1915), was an Indian Bengali revolutionary against British rule.
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Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.
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Balochistan
Balōchistān (بلوچستان; also Balūchistān or Balūchestān, often interpreted as the Land of the Baloch) is an arid desert and mountainous region in south-western Asia.
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Bangladesh
Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.
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Bangladesh Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.
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Bangladeshi Canadians
Bangladeshi Canadians are Canadian citizens of Bangladeshi descent or a Bangladesh-born permanent resident who resides in Canada.
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Bangladeshi diaspora
The Bangladeshi diaspora consists of people of Bangladeshi descent who have immigrated to or were born in another country.
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Bangladeshis in Japan
Bangladeshis in Japan (জাপানি বাংলাদেশি, 在日バングラデシュ人) form one of the smaller populations of foreigners in Japan.
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Bangladeshis in the Middle East
Although Bangladesh only came into existence in 1971, the land which is today Bangladesh has strong ties to the Middle East.
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Barak Valley
The Barak Valley is a valley located in the southern region of the Indian state of Assam.
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Battle of Plassey
The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757.
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Begum Rokeya
Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (বেগম রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন; 9 December 1880 – 9 December 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya, was a Bengali writer, thinker, educationist, social activist, advocate of women's rights, and widely regarded as the pioneer of women's education in the Indian subcontinent during the time of the British rule.
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Bengal
Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
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Bengal Army
The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.
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Bengal famine of 1943
The Bengal famine of 1943 (Bengali: pañcāśēra manvantara) was a major famine in the Bengal province in British India during World War II.
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Bengal Presidency
The Bengal Presidency was once the largest subdivision (presidency) of British India, with its seat in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
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Bengal Subah
The Bengal Subah was a subdivision of the Mughal Empire encompassing modern Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal between the 16th and 18th centuries.
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Bengal Sultanate
The Sultanate of Bengal (also known as the Bengal Sultanate; Bangalah (بنگاله Bangālah, বাঙ্গালা/বঙ্গালা) and Shahi Bangalah (شاهی بنگاله. Shāhī Bangālah, শাহী বাঙ্গলা)) was a Muslim state, established in Bengal during the 14th century, as part of the Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent.
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Bengali Americans
Bengali Americans (মার্কিন বাঙ্গালী) are Americans of Bengali ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage and identity.
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Bengali Buddhists
Bengali Buddhists, (বাঙালি বৌদ্ধ, are Buddhists of Bengali ethnic and linguistic identity. Bengali Buddhists constitute 0.4% of the population in Bangladesh. Buddhism has a rich ancient heritage in the Bengal. The region was a bastion of the ancient Buddhist Mauryan and Palan empires, when the Mahayana and Vajrayana schools flourished. South-eastern Bengal was ruled by the medieval Buddhist Kingdom of Mrauk U during the 16th and 17th centuries. The British Raj influenced the emergence of modern community. Today, Bengali Buddhists are followers of orthodox Therevada Buddhism.
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Bengali Christians
Bengali Christians (বাঙালি খ্রিস্টান) are adherents of Christianity among the Bengali people.
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Bengali Hindus
Bengali Hindus (বাঙালি হিন্দু) are ethnic Bengali adherents of Hinduism, and are native to the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent.
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Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia.
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Bengali Muslims
Bengali Muslims (বাঙালি মুসলমান) are an ethnic, linguistic, and religious population who make up the majority of Bangladesh's citizens and the largest minority in the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam.
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Bengali nationalism
Bengali nationalism is one of the four fundamental principles according to the original Constitution of Bangladesh.
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Bengali renaissance
The Bengali renaissance or simply Bengal renaissance, (বাংলার নবজাগরণ; Bānglār nabajāgaraṇ) was a cultural, social, intellectual and artistic movement in Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent during the period of the British Indian Empire, from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.
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Bengali science fiction
Bengali science fiction (বাংলা বিজ্ঞান কল্পকাহিনী) is a part of Bengali literature containing science fiction elements.
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Bengalis in Pakistan
Pakistani Bengalis (پاکستانی بنگالی) are Pakistani citizens who migrated from East Bengal and live in West Pakistan or East Pakistan prior to 1971, or immigrants who migrated from Bangladesh after 1971; although according to social activists in Pakistan, economic migrants have mostly moved out because it is no longer profitable to work and earn in Pakistan due to the Pakistani rupee being weaker than the Bangladeshi taka.
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Bihar
Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India.
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Biologist
A biologist, is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, the scientific study of life.
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Bose–Einstein condensate
A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.
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Bose–Einstein statistics
In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (or more colloquially B–E statistics) is one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting indistinguishable particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states, at thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Boson
In quantum mechanics, a boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
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Botany
Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
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Brahmo
A Bengali Brahmo or the traditional Bengali elites are Bengal's upper class.
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Brill Publishers
Brill (known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill Academic Publishers) is a Dutch international academic publisher founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands.
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British Bangladeshi
British Bangladeshis (ব্রিটিশ বাংলাদেশি) are people of Bangladeshi origin who have attained citizenship in the United Kingdom, through immigration and historical naturalisation.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Buddhism in Bangladesh
It is said that Buddha once in his life came to this region East Bengal to spread Buddhism and he was successful to convert the local people of East Bengal to Buddhism.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Cellular Jail
The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Hindi for black waters), was a colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998), p. 301: "Chalcolithic /,kælkəl'lɪθɪk/ adjective Archaeology of, relating to, or denoting a period in the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE, chiefly in the Near East and SE Europe, during which some weapons and tools were made of copper. This period was still largely Neolithic in character. Also called Eneolithic... Also called Copper Age - Origin early 20th cent.: from Greek khalkos 'copper' + lithos 'stone' + -ic". χαλκός khalkós, "copper" and λίθος líthos, "stone") period or Copper Age, in particular for eastern Europe often named Eneolithic or Æneolithic (from Latin aeneus "of copper"), was a period in the development of human technology, before it was discovered that adding tin to copper formed the harder bronze, leading to the Bronze Age.
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Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya (reign: 321–297 BCE) was the founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India.
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Chittagong Hill Tracts
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT; Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, Parbotto Choŧŧogram; or the Hill Tracts for short) are an area within the Chattogram Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma).
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Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das (C. R. Das) (চিত্তরঞ্জন দাশ Chittorônjon Dash), popularly called Deshbandhu (Friend of the Nation), (5 November 1869 – 16 June 1925), was a leading Indian politician, a prominent lawyer, an activist of the Indian National Movement and founder-leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal during British occupation in India.
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Chola dynasty
The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.
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Christianity
ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.
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Common Era
Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.
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Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes, Company Raj, "raj, lit. "rule" in Hindi) refers to the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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Deindustrialization
Deindustrialization or deindustrialisation is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry.
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Delhi
Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.
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Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).
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Dhaka
Dhaka (or; ঢাকা); formerly known as Dacca is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.
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Dhaka Tribune
The Dhaka Tribune is a national English-language compact daily newspaper published in Dhaka Bangladesh.
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Dharmapala (emperor)
Dharmapala (ruled 8th century) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent.
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Diaspora
A diaspora (/daɪˈæspərə/) is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.
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Diwali
Diwali or Deepavali is the Hindu festival of lights celebrated every year in autumn in the northern hemisphere (spring in southern hemisphere).
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Duke University Press
Duke University Press is an academic publisher of books and journals, and a unit of Duke University.
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Durga Puja
Durga Puja, also called Durgotsava, is an annual Hindu festival in the Indian subcontinent that reveres the goddess Durga. Durga Puja is believed to be the greatest festival of the Bengali people. It is particularly popular in West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh and the diaspora from this region, and also in Nepal where it is called Dashain. The festival is observed in the Hindu calendar month of Ashvin, typically September or October of the Gregorian calendar, and is a multi-day festival that features elaborate temple and stage decorations (pandals), scripture recitation, performance arts, revelry, and processions. It is a major festival in the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism across India and Shakta Hindu diaspora. Durga Puja festival marks the battle of goddess Durga with the shape-shifting, deceptive and powerful buffalo demon Mahishasura, and her emerging victorious. Thus, the festival epitomises the victory of good over evil, but it also is in part a harvest festival that marks the goddess as the motherly power behind all of life and creation. The Durga Puja festival dates coincide with Vijayadashami (Dussehra) observed by other traditions of Hinduism, where the Ram Lila is enacted — the victory of Rama is marked and effigies of demon Ravana are burnt instead. The primary goddess revered during Durga Puja is Durga, but her stage and celebrations feature other major deities of Hinduism such as goddess Lakshmi (goddess of wealth, prosperity), Saraswati (goddess of knowledge and music), Ganesha (god of good beginnings) and Kartikeya (god of war). The latter two are considered to be children of Durga (Parvati). The Hindu god Shiva, as Durga's husband, is also revered during this festival. The festival begins on the first day with Mahalaya, marking Durga's advent in her battle against evil. Starting with the sixth day (Sasthi), the goddess is welcomed, festive Durga worship and celebrations begin in elaborately decorated temples and pandals hosting the statues. Lakshmi and Saraswati are revered on the following days. The festival ends of the tenth day of Vijaya Dashami, when with drum beats of music and chants, Shakta Hindu communities start a procession carrying the colorful clay statues to a river or ocean and immerse them, as a form of goodbye and her return to divine cosmos and Mount Kailash. The festival is an old tradition of Hinduism, though it is unclear how and in which century the festival began. Surviving manuscripts from the 14th century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga Puja public festivities since at least the 16th century. The prominence of Durga Puja increased during the British Raj in its provinces of Bengal and Assam. Durga Puja is a ten-day festival, of which the last five are typically special and an annual holiday in regions such as West Bengal, Odisha and Tripura where it is particularly popular. In the contemporary era, the importance of Durga Puja is as much as a social festival as a religious one wherever it is observed.
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Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company, sometimes known as the United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; or Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie in modern spelling; abbreviated to VOC), better known to the English-speaking world as the Dutch East India Company or sometimes as the Dutch East Indies Company, was a multinational corporation that was founded in 1602 from a government-backed consolidation of several rival Dutch trading companies.
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East Bengal
East Bengal (পূর্ব বাংলা Purbô Bangla) was a geographically noncontiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan covering Bangladesh.
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East India Company
The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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East Pakistan
East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.
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Eastern Nagari script
Eastern Nagari script, Assamese script, Bengali script, Assamese-Bengali script or Purbi script is the basis of the Assamese alphabet and the Bengali alphabet.
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Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha (lit), also called the "Festival of Sacrifice", is the second of two Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year (the other being Eid al-Fitr), and considered the holier of the two.
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Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr (عيد الفطر) is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm).
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
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Ethnonym
An ethnonym (from the ἔθνος, éthnos, "nation" and ὄνομα, ónoma, "name") is a name applied to a given ethnic group.
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Famine in India
Famine had been a recurrent feature of life the Indian sub-continental countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
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Federal Research Division
The Federal Research Division (FRD) is the research and analysis unit of the United States Library of Congress.
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Feni District
Feni is a district located in the South-Eastern part of Bangladesh Administrative division of Chittagong.
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Freedom of Intellect Movement
The Freedom of Intellect Movement was a Bengal Renaissance movement advocating rationality against religious and social dogma in Bengali Muslim society.
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Frontline (magazine)
Frontline is a fortnightly English language magazine published by The Hindu Group of publications from Chennai, India.
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Gangaridai
Gangaridai (Γανγαρίδαι; Latin: Gangaridae) is a term used by the ancient Greco-Roman writers to describe a people or a geographical region of the ancient Indian subcontinent.
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Ganges
The Ganges, also known as Ganga, is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through the nations of India and Bangladesh.
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Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.
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Ghosts in Bengali culture
Ghosts are an important part of the folklore, and form an integral part of the socio-cultural beliefs of the people living in the geographical and ethno-linguistic region of Bengal, which today consists of the independent nation of Bangladesh, and the Indian states of West Bengal.
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Ghulam Husain Salim
Ğulām Husayn “Salīm” Zaydpūrī was a historian who migrated to Bengal and was employed there as a postmaster to the East India Company serving under George Udny (a Commercial Resident of the East India Company).
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Gopala I
Gopala (ruled c. 750s–770s CE) was the founder of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal region of the Indian Subcontinent.
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Govinda III
Govinda III (793–814 CE) was a famous Rashtrakuta ruler who succeeded his illustrious father Dhruva Dharavarsha.
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Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)
Govindachandra (reigned 1020–1045) was the last known ruler of the Chandra dynasty in the kingdom of Harikela in eastern Bengal.
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Great Bengal famine of 1770
The Great Bengal Famine of 1770 (৭৬-এর মন্বন্তর, Chhiattōrer monnōntór; lit The Famine of '76) was a famine between 1769 and 1773 (1176 to 1180 in the Bengali calendar) that affected the lower Gangetic plain of India from Bihar to the Bengal region.
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Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
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Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 CE.
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Han Chinese
The Han Chinese,.
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Hand axe
A hand axe (or handaxe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history.
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Harivamsa
The Harivamsa (pronounced Harivamsha in Sanskrit (हरिवंश), the lineage of Hari (Vishnu)) is an important work of Sanskrit literature, containing 16,374 shlokas, mostly in Anustubh metre.
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Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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Hindu nationalism
Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expressions of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.
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Holi
Holi (Holī), also known as the "festival of colours", is a spring festival celebrated all across the Indian subcontinent as well as in countries with large Indian subcontinent diaspora populations such as Jamaica, Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, South Africa, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Mauritius, and Fiji.
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Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (English IPA: ɦusæŋ ʃɑid sɦuɾɑwɑɾdɪə; حسین شہید سہروردی; হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্রাওয়ার্দী; 8 September 18925 December 1963) is a Bengali politician and a lawyer who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity on 12 September 1956 until resigning on 17 October 1957.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian Armed Forces
The Indian Armed Forces (Hindi (in IAST): Bhāratīya Saśastra Senāeṃ) are the military forces of the Republic of India.
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Indian independence movement
The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent.
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Indian National Army
The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj; lit.: Free Indian Army) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II.
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Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC, often called Congress Party) is a broadly based political party in India.
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Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).
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Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India between 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.
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Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
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Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse Indo-European-speaking ethnolinguistic group of speakers of Indo-Aryan languages.
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Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Islam Khan I
Shaikh Alauddin Chisti (1570 – 1613; known as Islam Khan Chisti) was a Mughal general and the Subahdar of Bengal.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jagadish Chandra Bose
Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, CSI, CIE, FRS (30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937), also spelled Jagdish and Jagadis, was a polymath, physicist, biologist, biophysicist, botanist and archaeologist, and an early writer of science fiction.
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Jana Gana Mana
"Jana Gana Mana" is the national anthem of India.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Jatra (theatre)
Jatra (যাত্রা, origin: Yatra meaning procession or journey in Sanskrit) is a popular folk-theatre form of Bengali theatre, spread throughout most of Bengali speaking areas of the Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh and Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Tripura As of 2005, there were some 55 troupes based in Calcutta's old jatra district, Chitpur Road, and all together, jatra is a $21m-a-year industry, performed on nearly 4,000 stages in West Bengal alone, where in 2001, over 300 companies employed over 20,000 people, more than the local film industry and urban theatre.
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Jharkhand
Jharkhand (lit. "Bushland" or The land of forest) is a state in eastern India, carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000.
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John F. Richards
John F. Richards (November 3, 1938 - August 23, 2007) was a historian of South Asia and in particular of the Mughal Empire.
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Jugantar
Jugantar or Yugantar (যুগান্তর Jugantor) (English meaning New Era or more literally Transition of an Epoch) was one of the two main secret revolutionary trends operating in Bengal for Indian independence.
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Kabul
Kabul (کابل) is the capital of Afghanistan and its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country.
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Kazi Nazrul Islam
Kazi Nazrul Islam (কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম,; 24 May 189929 August 1976) was a Bengali poet, writer, musician, and revolutionary.
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Khudiram Bose
Khudiram Bose (ক্ষুদিরাম বসু) (aka Khudiram Bosu) (3 December 1889 – 11 August 1908) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary.
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Khwaja Salimullah
Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur (1871–1915) was the fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during the British Raj.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Lahore Resolution
The Lahore Resolution (قرارداد لاہور, Karardad-e-Lahore; Bengali: লাহোর প্রস্তাব, Lahor Prostab),was a declaration written by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and others and presented by A. K. Fazl ul Huq, the Prime Minister of Bengal, was a formal political statement adopted by the All-India Muslim League on the occasion of its three-day general session in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940.
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Lakshmana Sena
Lakshmana Sena (লক্ষ্মণ সেন; reign: 1178–1206), also called Lakshman Sen in modern vernaculars, was the ruler from the Sena dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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List of Bangladeshi people
Listed below are notable people who are either citizens of Bangladesh, born in the region of what is now Bangladesh, or of Bangladeshi origin living abroad.
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List of Bengalis
This article provides lists of famous and notable Bengali people, from India or Bangladesh, or people with Bengali ancestry or people who speak Bengali as their primary language.
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List of contemporary ethnic groups
The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.
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List of languages by number of native speakers
This article ranks human languages by their number of native speakers.
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List of people considered father or mother of a field
The following is a list of significant men and women known for being the father, mother, or considered the founders mostly in Western societies in a field, listed by category.
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List of people from West Bengal
This is a list of notable people from West Bengal, India.
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List of physicists
Following is a list of physicists who are notable for their achievements.
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Magadha
Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar, and was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") of ancient India.
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Mahabharata
The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
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Mahajanapada
Mahājanapada (lit, from maha, "great", and janapada "foothold of a tribe, country") was one of the sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE.
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Malaysia
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.
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Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
The Mamluk Dynasty (sometimes referred as Slave Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty) (سلطنت مملوک), (غلام خاندان) was directed into Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave general from Central Asia.
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Man Singh I
Man Singh (Man Singh I) (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the Rajput Raja of Amer, a state later known as Jaipur in Rajputana.
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Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.
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Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire was a geographically-extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between 322 BCE and 180 BCE.
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Microwave
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between and.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The is a cabinet-level ministry of the Japanese government responsible for the country's foreign relations.
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Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs
Established in 1972, the Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (আইন, বিচার ও সংসদ বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়; Ā'ina, bicāra ō sansada biṣaẏaka mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities, handles affairs relating to the Parliament of Bangladesh and administration of justice in Bangladesh through its two divisions: Law and Justice Division and the Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division respectively.
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Mir Mosharraf Hossain
Mir Mosharraf Hossain (মীর মশাররফ হোসেন; 1847–1911) was a Bengali writer, novelist, playwright and essayist.
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Mughal emperors
The Mughal emperors, from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.
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Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji
Ikhtiyar al-Din Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, also known as Malik Ghazi Ikhtiyar 'l-Din Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji or Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji or simply Bakhtiyar Khilji (died 1206), a military general of Qutb al-Din Aibak, was responsible for the destruction of Nalanda university.
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Muharram
Muḥarram (مُحَرَّم) is the first month of the Islamic calendar.
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Mukti Bahini
The Mukti Bahini (মুক্তি বাহিনী translates as 'Freedom Fighters', or Liberation Forces; also known as the Bangladesh Forces) is a popular Bengali term which refers to the guerrilla resistance movement formed by the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the War of Liberation that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971.
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Murshidabad
Murshidabad (Pron: ˈmʊəʃɪdəˌbɑ:d/bæd or ˈmɜ:ʃɪdəˌ) is a town in Murshidabad district of West Bengal state in India.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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Muslin
Muslin, also mousseline, is a cotton fabric of plain weave.
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Nation
A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.
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Nawab
Nawab (Eastern Nagari: নবাব/নওয়াব, Devanagari: नवाब/नबाब, Perso-Arab: نواب) also spelt Nawaab, Navaab, Navab, Nowab The title nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage, to persons and families who never ruled a princely state.
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Nitish Sengupta
Nitish Kumar Sengupta (23 September 1934 − 3 November 2013) studied at Jhargram Kumud Kumari Institution and graduated with Gold Medal's in his Bachelors and Masters (First class First in History Honors from Presidency College when it was affiliated to the University of Calcutta. He joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1957 and has held positions such as the Revenue Secretary of the Government of India and Member Secretary, the Indian Planning Commission. He represented India in the UN Commission on Transnational Corporations and was elected as Chairman 1981-82. His official biodata is available at the Lok Sabha, Parliament of India website. Academician, administrator, politician and author, Nitish Sengupta studied at Presidency College, Kolkata, winning a gold medal for his master’s in history. He began his career as assistant professor of history and joined the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in 1957. He held key posts in the Union government including revenue secretary and member-secretary, Planning Commission. After completing his doctorate in management from Delhi University, he lectured at several universities and leading management schools in the country. After his retirement, he was director-general of the International Management Institute, New Delhi. Nitish Sengupta has represented India at various UN bodies and was elected chairman of the UN Commission on Transnational Corporations. He joined politics in 1996 and was elected to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha, where he served as member of several key committees, notably the Public Accounts Committee. He was also general secretary, All India Trinamool Congress. Currently, he holds the position of Chairman, Board for Reconstruction of Public Sector Enterprises, New Delhi. He has been a regular columnist in leading dailies and is the author of twelve books, including several related to management. As a historian, his well-known works are History of the Bengali-speaking People, Dr B.C. Roy, Biography and Bengal Divided. He has also authored Unshackling of Indian Industry, Government and Business, Inside the Steel Frame and My Times—A Civil Servant Remembers. Sengupta played a key role in the revitalization of India's capital markets in the 1980s. He had earlier been a diligent builder of the Licence Raj while he was deputy secretary in the Department of Company Affairs from March 1968, just as government policy was changing from what he called 'benign aloofness' to 'massive intervention in corporate business', most notably in the nationalization of major Indian banks in 1969. He wrote 12 books on management and history, including "The Land of Two Rivers", "My Times" and "The History of the Bengali-speaking People". He used to live in Chittaranjan Park, New Delhi, India. He died from a cardiac arrest in New Delhi on 3 November 2013.
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Noah
In Abrahamic religions, Noah was the tenth and last of the pre-Flood Patriarchs.
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Northeast India
Northeast India (officially North Eastern Region, NER) is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country.
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Om Prakash (historian)
Om Prakash (born January 1940, in Delhi) is an Indian economic historian.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Outlook (magazine)
Outlook is a weekly general interest English news magazine published in India.
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Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
The Pakistani Instrument of Surrender (পাকিস্তানের আত্মসমর্পণের দলিল, Pākistānēr Atmasamarpaṇēr Dalil) was a written agreement that enabled the surrender of the Pakistan Armed Forces on 16 December 1971 at the Ramna Race Course garden in Dhaka, thereby ending the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Pala Empire
The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
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Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.
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Pali
Pali, or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Partition of Bengal (1905)
The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal (বঙ্গভঙ্গ.) was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon.
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Partition of India
The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
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Pearl
A pearl is a hard glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as a conulariid.
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Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
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Polymath
A polymath (πολυμαθής,, "having learned much,"The term was first recorded in written English in the early seventeenth century Latin: uomo universalis, "universal man") is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas—such a person is known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
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Prafulla Chaki
Prafulla Chandra Chaki (প্রফুল্ল চাকী Profullo Chaki) (10 December 1888 – 2 May 1908) was a Bengali revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.
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Prakrit
The Prakrits (प्राकृत; pāuda; pāua) are any of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages formerly spoken in India.
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Presidencies and provinces of British India
The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.
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Provisional Government of Bangladesh
The Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was established following the declaration of independence of East Pakistan on 10 April 1971.
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Pundra Kingdom
Pundra (also known as Paundraka, Paundraya) was an ancient kingdom during the Late Vedic period on the Indian Subcontinent, based in modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh.
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Pundravardhana
Pundravardhana (পুন্ড্রবর্ধন Punḍrôbôrdhôn, Punḍravardhana), was an ancient kingdom during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent; the territory located in North Bengal in ancient times, home of the Pundra, a group of people not speaking languages of the Indo-Aryan family.
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Puranas
The Puranas (singular: पुराण), are ancient Hindu texts eulogizing various deities, primarily the divine Trimurti God in Hinduism through divine stories.
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Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.
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Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore FRAS, also written Ravīndranātha Ṭhākura (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali polymath who reshaped Bengali literature and music, as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Radcliffe Line
The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan published on 17 August 1947 upon the Partition of India.
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Rajendra Chola I
Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE.
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Rajput
Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, "son of a king") is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.
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Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (c. 1774 -- 27 September 1833) was a founder of the Brahma Sabha the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in India.
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Rangamati
Rangamati (রাঙামাটি) (Chakma: 𑄢𑄋𑄟𑄖𑄳𑄡) is the administrative headquarters of Rangamati Hill District in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.
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Rash Behari Bose
Rash Behari Bose (রাসবিহারী বসু Rashbihari Boshu; 25 May 188621 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the British Raj and was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and later the Indian National Army.
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Rashtrakuta dynasty
Rashtrakuta (IAST) was a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the sixth and 10th centuries.
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Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
The Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is a part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of the underground revolutionary factions.
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Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Sachindra Nath Sanyal
Sachindra Nath Sanyal was an Indian revolutionary and a founder of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India.
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Sake Dean Mahomed
Sake Dean Mahomed was a Bengali Anglo-Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who was one of the most notable early non-European immigrants to the Western World.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini Naidu; Chattopadhyay, (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was an Indian independence activist and poet.
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Satyendra Nath Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose, (সত্যেন্দ্র নাথ বসু Sôtyendronath Bosu,; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist specialising in theoretical physics.
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Self-determination
The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.
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Sena dynasty
The Sena Empire (সেন সাম্রাজ্য, Shen Shamrajjo) was a Hindu dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries.
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Shah Jalal
Shāh Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mujarrad al-Naqshbandi (شاه جلال الدين المجرد النقشبندي), popularly known as Hazrat Shah Jalal (شاه جلال, শাহ জালাল, ꠡꠣꠢ ꠎꠣꠟꠣꠟ) (1271 CE – 15 March 1346 CE), is a celebrated Sufi Muslim figure in Bengal.
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Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah
Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah (শামসুদ্দীন ইলিয়াস শাহ) was the first Sultan of Bengal and founder of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, which lasted for nearly one hundred and fifty years.
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Shashanka
King Shashanka (Śaśāṃka) created the first separate political entity in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, called the Gauda Kingdom and is a major figure in Bengali history.
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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান);; (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a Bengali politician and statesman.
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Shillong
Shillong (Khasi: Shillong) is a hill station in the northeastern part of India and the capital of Meghalaya, which means "The Abode of Clouds" and is one of the smallest states in India.
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Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels.
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Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.
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Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.
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South Asia
South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.
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Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.
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Sri Lanka Matha
Sri Lanka Matha (ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා Śrī Laṁkā Mātā; translit) is the national anthem of Sri Lanka.
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Srivijaya
Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian/Malay: Sriwijaya, Javanese: ꦯꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪ, Sundanese:, ศรีวิชัย, Sanskrit: श्रीविजय, Śrīvijaya, Khmer: ស្រីវិជ័យ "Srey Vichey", known by the Chinese as Shih-li-fo-shih and San-fo-ch'i t) was a dominant thalassocratic Malay city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.
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Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.
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Sufism
Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.
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Suhma Kingdom
Suhma Kingdom was an ancient state during the Late Vedic period on the eastern part of the Indian Subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
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Sultan
Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.
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Surendranath Banerjee
Sir Surendranath Banerjee (সুরেন্দ্রনাথ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়) (10 November 18486 August 1925) was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during the British Raj.
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Surya Sen
Surya Sen (22 March 189412 January 1934) was a revolutionary who was influential in the Indian independence movement (against British rule) and who is noted for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid In Chittagong of Bengal in British India (now in Bangladesh).
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Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.
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Syed Ameer Ali
Syed Ameer Ali Order of the Star of India (1849 – 1928) was an Indian/British Indian jurist hailing from the state of Oudh from where his father moved and settled down at Orissa.
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Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (সিলেট বিভাগ, ꠍꠤꠟꠐ ꠛꠤꠜꠣꠉ), also known as Greater Sylhet, is the northeastern division of Bangladesh, named after its main city, Sylhet.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Tibetan Empire
The Tibetan Empire ("Great Tibet") existed from the 7th to 9th centuries AD when Tibet was unified as a large and powerful empire, and ruled an area considerably larger than the Tibetan Plateau, stretching to parts of East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.
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Tilopa
Tilopa (Prakrit; Sanskrit: Talika or Tilopada) (988–1069) was born in either Chativavo (Chittagong), Bengal or Jagora, Bengal in India.
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Titumir
Syed Mir Nisar Ali Titumir (সৈয়দ মীর নিসার আলী তিতুমীর; 27 January 1782 – 19 November 1831) was an Islamic preacher who led a peasant uprising against the Hindu zamindars, British India during the 19th century.
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Tripura
Tripura 'ত্রিপুরা (Bengali)' is a state in Northeast India.
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Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.
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United Bengal
United Bengal is a political ideology for a unified Bengali-speaking nation in South Asia.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.
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University of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester.
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University of Michigan
The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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University of Virginia
The University of Virginia (U.Va. or UVA), frequently referred to simply as Virginia, is a public research university and the flagship for the Commonwealth of Virginia.
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Vande Mataram
Vande Mataram (IAST) (English Translation: Mother, I bow to thee) is a Bengali poem written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1870s, which he included in his 1881 novel Anandamath.
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Vanga
The Vangidae family (from vanga, Malagasy for the hook-billed vanga, Vanga curvirostris) comprises a group of often shrike-like medium-sized birds distributed from Australia to Africa, including the vangas of Madagascar to which the family owe its name.
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Vanga Kingdom
The Vanga Kingdom was an ancient seafaring thalassocracy during the Late Vedic period on the Indian Subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
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Vedanta
Vedanta (Sanskrit: वेदान्त, IAST) or Uttara Mīmāṃsā is one of the six orthodox (''āstika'') schools of Hindu philosophy.
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Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo-European language, more specifically one branch of the Indo-Iranian group.
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Vikramashila
Vikramashila (IAST) was one of the two most important centres of learning in India during the Pala Empire, along with Nalanda.
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West Bengal
West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.
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Yoga
Yoga (Sanskrit, योगः) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.
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1971 Bangladesh genocide
The genocide in Bangladesh began on 26 March 1971 with the launch of Operation Searchlight, as West Pakistan began a military crackdown on the Eastern wing of the nation to suppress Bengali calls for self-determination rights.
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Redirects here:
Bangali, Bengali diaspora, Bengali people, Ethnic Bengali, The Bengali people.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalis
