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Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics

Index Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics

Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles and their components, due to the forces acting on them. [1]

220 relations: Acceleration, Aerodynamic force, Aerodynamics, Aeroelasticity, American Motorcyclist, American Motorcyclist Association, Amplitude, Angular momentum, ASME, Asphalt, Bad science, Balance shaft, Bendix Corporation, Bicycle, Bicycle and motorcycle geometry, Bicycle brake, Bicycle fork, Bicycle frame, Bicycle handlebar, Bicycle performance, Bicycle rollers, Bicycle suspension, Bicycle tire, Bicycle touring, Bicycle wheel, Bicycling (magazine), Bowden cable, Brake, Calspan, Camber angle, Camber thrust, Car, Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, Caster angle, Center of mass, Center of pressure (fluid mechanics), Centrifugal force, Centripetal force, Characteristic polynomial, Chopper bicycle, Circular motion, Classical mechanics, Contact patch, Control theory, Controllability, Cornering force, Countersteering, Crosswind, Cruiser bicycle, Curb, ..., Damping ratio, Dandy horse, Dashpot, David E. H. Jones, David Gordon Wilson, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), Delft, Delft University of Technology, Dicycle, Discover (magazine), Double inverted pendulum, Drag (physics), Draisine, Eddy Merckx, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Emmanuel Carvallo, Engine balance, Equations of motion, Euler angles, European Journal of Physics, Experiment, Fatigue (material), Fictitious force, Fixed-gear bicycle, Force, Frame of reference, Francis John Welsh Whipple, French Academy of Sciences, Friction, Front-wheel drive, Fundamental frequency, Generalized coordinates, Ghent University, Gravity, Gyroscope, Headset (bicycle part), Highsider, Hopf bifurcation, Imaginary number, Inertia, Inertial frame of reference, Inverted pendulum, Jobst Brandt, John Forester (cyclist), Karl Drais, Kinematics, Kinetics (physics), LeMond Racing Cycles, Lever, Lift (force), Linearity, Linearization, Linkage (mechanical), Lowsider, Luggage carrier, Mass, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mathematical model, Mechanical equilibrium, Mechanical resonance, MIT Press, Moment (physics), Moment of inertia, Motion (physics), Motor learning, Motorcycle, Motorcycle fairing, Motorcycle fork, Motorcycle frame, Motorcycle handlebar, Motorcycle racing, Motorcycle tyre, Multibody system, Natural rubber, Nihon University, Nonholonomic system, Nonlinear system, Normal (geometry), Normal mode, Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations, Order of approximation, Ordinary differential equation, Oscillation, Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling, Parallel parking problem, Path (topology), Paul Émile Appell, Penny-farthing, Physics, Physics Today, Pitchfork bifurcation, Pneumatic trail, Popular Mechanics, Powertrain, Precession, Procedural memory, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Propulsion, Quadracycle, Racing bicycle, Radius, Raynaud syndrome, Reaction (physics), Real number, Recumbent bicycle, Rigid body dynamics, Rolling resistance, Rudra Pratap, SAE International, Safety bicycle, Science, Science (journal), Science Friday, Scientific modelling, Scooter (motorcycle), Seatpost, Self aligning torque, Shaft effect, Sideways bike, Single-track vehicle, Skidpad, Slip angle, Small-angle approximation, Smith's Prize, Specialized Bicycle Components, Speed, Speed wobble, Sport bike, State variable, Steering damper, Stiffness, Stoppie, Suspension (motorcycle), Suspension (vehicle), Swing (seat), Swing Bike, Tandem bicycle, Three-dimensional space, Tiller, Tire, Tire balance, Torque, Torsion (mechanics), Touring bicycle, Touring motorcycle, Track bicycle, Track stand, Trail braking, Treadmill, Trek Bicycle Corporation, Tricycle, Two-mass-skate bicycle, Understeer and oversteer, Uneven bars, Unicycle, University of Cambridge, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Unsprung mass, Velocipede, Vibration, Vibration white finger, Weight transfer, Wheelie, Wheelie bike, Whole body vibration, William John Macquorn Rankine, Windshield, Yaw (rotation), Zero of a function. Expand index (170 more) »

Acceleration

In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

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Aerodynamic force

The aerodynamic force is the force exerted on a body by the air (or some other gas) in which the body is immersed, and is due to the relative motion between the body and the gas.

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Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics, from Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing.

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Aeroelasticity

Aeroelasticity is the branch of physics and engineering that studies the interactions between the inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces that occur when an elastic body is exposed to a fluid flow.

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American Motorcyclist

American Motorcyclist is an American magazine published monthly by the American Motorcyclist Association, covering issues of importance to its members, including legislation and regulations, touring, trail riding, motocross, enduros, road racing, cruisers and dirt track.

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American Motorcyclist Association

The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights.

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Amplitude

The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period (such as time or spatial period).

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Angular momentum

In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum.

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ASME

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms of outreach." ASME is thus an engineering society, a standards organization, a research and development organization, a lobbying organization, a provider of training and education, and a nonprofit organization.

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Asphalt

Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.

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Bad science

Bad science may refer to.

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Balance shaft

In piston engine engineering, a balance shaft is an eccentric weighted shaft that offsets vibrations in engine designs that are not inherently balanced.

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Bendix Corporation

The Bendix Corporation was an American manufacturing and engineering company which during various times in its 60-year existence (1924–1983) made automotive brake shoes and systems, vacuum tubes, aircraft brakes, aeronautical hydraulics and electric power systems, avionics, aircraft and automobile fuel control systems, radios, televisions and computers.

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Bicycle

A bicycle, also called a cycle or bike, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other.

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Bicycle and motorcycle geometry

Bicycle and motorcycle geometry is the collection of key measurements (lengths and angles) that define a particular bike configuration.

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Bicycle brake

A bicycle brake reduces the speed of a bicycle or prevents it from moving.

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Bicycle fork

A bicycle fork is the part of a bicycle that holds the front wheel.

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Bicycle frame

A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted.

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Bicycle handlebar

A bicycle handlebar or bicycle handlebars is the steering control for bicycles; it is the equivalent of a steering wheel for vehicles and vessels.

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Bicycle performance

A bicycle's performance, in both biological and mechanical terms, is extraordinarily efficient.

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Bicycle rollers

Bicycle rollers are a type of bicycle trainer that make it possible to ride a bicycle indoors without moving forward.

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Bicycle suspension

Bicycle suspension is the system, or systems, used to suspend the rider and bicycle in order to insulate them from the roughness of the terrain.

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Bicycle tire

A bicycle tire is a tire that fits on the wheel of a bicycle, unicycle, tricycle, quadracycle, bicycle trailer, or trailer bike.

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Bicycle touring

Bicycle touring means self-contained cycling trips for pleasure, adventure, and autonomy rather than sport, commuting, or exercise.

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Bicycle wheel

A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle.

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Bicycling (magazine)

Bicycling is a cycling brand published by Hearst in Emmaus, Pennsylvania.

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Bowden cable

A Bowden cable is a type of flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force or energy by the movement of an inner cable relative to a hollow outer cable housing.

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Brake

A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system.

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Calspan

Calspan Corporation is a science and technology company founded in 1943 as part of the Research Laboratory of the Curtiss-Wright Airplane Division at Buffalo, New York.

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Camber angle

From the front of the car, a right wheel with a negative camber angle Camber angle is the angle made by the wheels of a vehicle; specifically, it is the angle between the vertical axis of the wheels used for steering and the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from the front or rear.

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Camber thrust

Camber thrust and camber force are terms used to describe the force generated perpendicular to the direction of travel of a rolling tire due to its camber angle and finite contact patch.

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Car

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, carbon fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP or often simply carbon fiber, carbon composite or even carbon), is an extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastic which contains carbon fibers.

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Caster angle

θ is the caster angle, the red line is the pivot line, and the grey area is the tire. The caster angle or castor angle is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car, motorcycle, bicycle or other vehicle, measured in the longitudinal direction.

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Center of mass

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating.

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Center of pressure (fluid mechanics)

The center of pressure is the point where the total sum of a pressure field acts on a body, causing a force to act through that point.

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Centrifugal force

In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force (also called a "fictitious" or "pseudo" force) directed away from the axis of rotation that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference.

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Centripetal force

A centripetal force (from Latin centrum, "center" and petere, "to seek") is a force that makes a body follow a curved path.

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Characteristic polynomial

In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots.

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Chopper bicycle

A chopper bicycle is a highly customized bicycle whose design, construction and style is similar to that of a chopper-style motorcycle.

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Circular motion

In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path.

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Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, and astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars and galaxies.

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Contact patch

Contact patch is the portion of a vehicle's tire that is in actual contact with the road surface.

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Control theory

Control theory in control systems engineering deals with the control of continuously operating dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines.

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Controllability

Controllability is an important property of a control system, and the controllability property plays a crucial role in many control problems, such as stabilization of unstable systems by feedback, or optimal control.

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Cornering force

Cornering force or side force is the lateral (i.e., parallel to the road surface) force produced by a vehicle tire during cornering.

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Countersteering

Countersteering is used by single-track vehicle operators, such as cyclists and motorcyclists, to initiate a turn toward a given direction by momentarily steering counter to the desired direction ("steer left to turn right").

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Crosswind

A crosswind is any wind that has a perpendicular component to the line or direction of travel.

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Cruiser bicycle

A cruiser bicycle, also known as a beach cruiser or (formerly) motobike, is a bicycle that usually combines balloon tires, an upright seating posture, a single-speed drivetrain, and straightforward steel construction with expressive styling.

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Curb

A curb (American English), or kerb (Australian English, British English; see spelling differences), is the edge where a raised sidewalk (pavement in British English; pavement or footpath in Australian English) or road median/central reservation meets a street or other roadway.

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Damping ratio

Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.

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Dandy horse

The dandy horse is a human-powered vehicle that, being the first means of transport to make use of the two-wheeler principle, is regarded as the forerunner of the bicycle.

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Dashpot

A dashpot is a mechanical device, a damper which resists motion via viscous friction.

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David E. H. Jones

David Edward Hugh Jones (20 April 1938 – 19 July 2017) was a British chemist and author, under the pen name Daedalus, the fictional inventor for DREADCO.

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David Gordon Wilson

David Gordon Wilson (born 1928) is emeritus professor of engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

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Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

In physics, the degree of freedom (DOF) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration.

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Delft

Delft is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.

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Delft University of Technology

Delft University of Technology (Technische Universiteit Delft) also known as TU Delft, is the largest and oldest Dutch public technological university, located in Delft, Netherlands.

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Dicycle

A dicycle (also known as a diwheel) is a vehicle with two parallel wheels, side by side, unlike single-track vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles, which have inline wheels.

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Discover (magazine)

Discover is an American general audience science magazine launched in October 1980 by Time Inc.

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Double inverted pendulum

A double inverted pendulum is the combination of the inverted pendulum and the double pendulum.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Draisine

A draisine is a light auxiliary rail vehicle, driven by service personnel, equipped to transport crew and material necessary for the maintenance of railway infrastructure.

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Eddy Merckx

Édouard Louis Joseph, baron Merckx (born 17 June 1945), better known as Eddy Merckx, is a Belgian former professional road and track bicycle racer who is widely seen as the most successful rider in the history of competitive cycling.

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Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

In linear algebra, an eigenvector or characteristic vector of a linear transformation is a non-zero vector that changes by only a scalar factor when that linear transformation is applied to it.

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Emmanuel Carvallo

Emmanuel Carvallo was a French mathematician.

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Engine balance

Engine balance refers to those factors in the design, production, engine tuning, maintenance and the operation of an engine that benefit from being balanced.

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Equations of motion

In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time.

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Euler angles

The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.

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European Journal of Physics

The European Journal of Physics is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal dedicated to maintaining and improving the standard of physics education in higher education.

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Experiment

An experiment is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.

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Fatigue (material)

In materials science, fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads.

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Fictitious force

A fictitious force (also called a pseudo force, d'Alembert force, or inertial force) is an apparent force that acts on all masses whose motion is described using a non-inertial frame of reference, such as a rotating reference frame.

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Fixed-gear bicycle

A fixed-gear bicycle (or fixed-wheel bicycle, commonly known in some places as a fixie) is a bicycle that has a drivetrain with no freewheel mechanism.

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Force

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

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Frame of reference

In physics, a frame of reference (or reference frame) consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix (locate and orient) the coordinate system and standardize measurements.

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Francis John Welsh Whipple

Francis John Welsh Whipple (17 March 1876 – 25 September 1943) was an English mathematician and meteorologist.

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French Academy of Sciences

The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.

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Friction

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

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Front-wheel drive

Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only.

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Fundamental frequency

The fundamental frequency, often referred to simply as the fundamental, is defined as the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.

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Generalized coordinates

In analytical mechanics, specifically the study of the rigid body dynamics of multibody systems, the term generalized coordinates refers to the parameters that describe the configuration of the system relative to some reference configuration.

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Ghent University

Ghent University (Universiteit Gent, abbreviated as UGent) is a public research university located in Ghent, Belgium.

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Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

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Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gûros, "circle" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

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Headset (bicycle part)

The headset is the set of components on a bicycle that provides a rotatable interface between the bicycle fork and the head tube of the bicycle frame.

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Highsider

A highsider or highside is a type of motorcycle accident characterized by sudden and violent rotation of the bike around its long axis.

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Hopf bifurcation

In the mathematical theory of bifurcations, a Hopf bifurcation is a critical point where a system's stability switches and a periodic solution arises.

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Imaginary number

An imaginary number is a complex number that can be written as a real number multiplied by the imaginary unit,j is usually used in Engineering contexts where i has other meanings (such as electrical current) which is defined by its property.

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Inertia

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its position and state of motion.

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Inertial frame of reference

An inertial frame of reference in classical physics and special relativity is a frame of reference in which a body with zero net force acting upon it is not accelerating; that is, such a body is at rest or it is moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

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Inverted pendulum

An inverted pendulum is a pendulum that has its center of mass above its pivot point.

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Jobst Brandt

Jobst Brandt (January 14, 1935 – May 5, 2015) was an American mechanical engineer, inventor, bicycle enthusiast, educator, and author.

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John Forester (cyclist)

John Forester (born 1929) is an American industrial engineer specializing in bicycle transportation engineering.

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Karl Drais

Karl Freiherr von Drais (full name: Karl Friedrich Christian Ludwig Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn) (29 April 1785 in Karlsruhe – 10 December 1851 in Karlsruhe) was a German forest official and significant inventor in the Biedermeier period.

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Kinematics

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that caused the motion.

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Kinetics (physics)

In physics and engineering, kinetics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the relationship between motion and its causes, specifically, forces and torques.

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LeMond Racing Cycles

LeMond Racing Cycles was a bicycle manufacturer founded by Greg LeMond, an American winner of the Tour de France.

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Lever

A lever is a simple machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum.

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Lift (force)

A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it.

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Linearity

Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship or function which means that it can be graphically represented as a straight line.

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Linearization

In mathematics, linearization is finding the linear approximation to a function at a given point.

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Linkage (mechanical)

A mechanical linkage is an assembly of bodies connected to manage forces and movement.

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Lowsider

The lowsider or lowside is a type of motorcycle or bicycle crash usually occurring in a turn.

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Luggage carrier

A luggage carrier, also commonly called a rack, is a device attached to a bicycle to which cargo or panniers can be attached.

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Mass

Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Mathematical model

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.

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Mechanical equilibrium

In classical mechanics, a particle is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on that particle is zero.

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Mechanical resonance

Mechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to respond at greater amplitude when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration (its resonance frequency or resonant frequency) than it does at other frequencies.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States).

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Moment (physics)

In physics, a moment is an expression involving the product of a distance and a physical quantity, and in this way it accounts for how the physical quantity is located or arranged.

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Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a tensor that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis; similar to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.

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Motion (physics)

In physics, motion is a change in position of an object over time.

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Motor learning

Motor learning is a change, resulting from practice or a novel experience, in the capability for responding.

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Motorcycle

A motorcycle, often called a bike, motorbike, or cycle, is a two-> or three-wheeled motor vehicle.

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Motorcycle fairing

A motorcycle fairing is a shell placed over the frame of some motorcycles, especially racing motorcycles and sport bikes, with the primary purpose to reduce air drag.

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Motorcycle fork

A motorcycle fork connects a motorcycle's front wheel and axle to its frame, typically via a triple tree, which consists of an upper triple clamp joined to a lower triple clamp via a steering stem, a shaft that runs through the steering head, creating the steering axis.

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Motorcycle frame

A motorcycle frame is a motorcycle's core structure.

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Motorcycle handlebar

A Motorcycle handlebar is a tubular component of a motorcycle's steering mechanism.

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Motorcycle racing

Motorcycle racing (also called moto racing and motorbike racing) is the motorcycle sport of racing motorcycles.

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Motorcycle tyre

Motorcycle tyres (tires in American English) are the outer part of motorcycle wheels, attached to the rims, providing traction, resisting wear, absorbing surface irregularities, and allowing the motorcycle to turn via countersteering.

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Multibody system

Multibody system is the study of the dynamic behavior of interconnected rigid or flexible bodies, each of which may undergo large translational and rotational displacements.

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Natural rubber

Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.

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Nihon University

, abbreviated as, is a private research university in Japan.

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Nonholonomic system

A nonholonomic system in physics and mathematics is a system whose state depends on the path taken in order to achieve it.

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Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

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Normal (geometry)

In geometry, a normal is an object such as a line or vector that is perpendicular to a given object.

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Normal mode

A normal mode of an oscillating system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.

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Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations

Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs).

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Order of approximation

In science, engineering, and other quantitative disciplines, orders of approximation refer to formal or informal terms for how precise an approximation is, and to indicate progressively more refined approximations: in increasing order of precision, a zeroth-order approximation, a first-order approximation, a second-order approximation, and so forth.

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Ordinary differential equation

In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation containing one or more functions of one independent variable and its derivatives.

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Oscillation

Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.

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Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling

The following outline is provided as an overview of motorcycles and motorcycling: Motorcycle — two-wheeled, single-track motor vehicle.

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Parallel parking problem

The parallel parking problem is a motion planning problem in control theory and mechanics to determine the path a car must take in order to parallel park into a parking space.

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Path (topology)

In mathematics, a path in a topological space X is a continuous function f from the unit interval I.

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Paul Émile Appell

Paul Appell (27 September 1855 in Strasbourg – 24 October 1930 in Paris), also known as Paul Émile Appel, was a French mathematician and Rector of the University of Paris.

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Penny-farthing

The penny-farthing, also known as a high wheel, high wheeler and ordinary, was the first machine to be called a "bicycle".

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Physics Today

Physics Today is the membership magazine of the American Institute of Physics that was established in 1948.

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Pitchfork bifurcation

In bifurcation theory, a field within mathematics, a pitchfork bifurcation is a particular type of local bifurcation where the system transitions from one fixed point to three fixed points.

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Pneumatic trail

Pneumatic trail or trail of the tire is a trail-like effect generated by compliant tires rolling on a hard surface and subject to side loads, as in a turn.

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Popular Mechanics

Popular Mechanics is a classic magazine of popular science and technology.

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Powertrain

In a motor vehicle, the term powertrain or powerplant describes the main components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air.

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Precession

Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.

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Procedural memory

Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory (unconscious memory) and long-term memory which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.

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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D

The Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering automobile engineering.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two scientific journals published by the Royal Society.

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Propulsion

Propulsion means to push forward or drive an object forward.

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Quadracycle

A quadracycle is a four-wheeled human-powered land vehicle.

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Racing bicycle

A racing bicycle, also known as a road bike, and once popularly known as a ten speed, is a bicycle designed for competitive road cycling, a sport governed by according to the rules of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

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Radius

In classical geometry, a radius of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length.

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Raynaud syndrome

Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which spasm of arteries cause episodes of reduced blood flow.

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Reaction (physics)

As described by the third of Newton's laws of motion of classical mechanics, all forces occur in pairs such that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the first.

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Real number

In mathematics, a real number is a value of a continuous quantity that can represent a distance along a line.

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Recumbent bicycle

A recumbent bicycle is a bicycle that places the rider in a laid-back reclining position.

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Rigid body dynamics

Rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces.

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Rolling resistance

Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.

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Rudra Pratap

Rudra Pratap is an Indian Engineer and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore.

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SAE International

SAE International, initially established as the Society of Automotive Engineers, is a U.S.-based, globally active professional association and standards developing organization for engineering professionals in various industries.

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Safety bicycle

A safety bicycle (or simply a safety) is a type of bicycle that became very popular beginning in the late 1880s as an alternative to the penny-farthing ("ordinary") and is now the most common type of bicycle.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Science Friday

Science Friday (known as SciFri for short) is a weekly call-in talk show that broadcasts each Friday on public radio stations, distributed by WNYC Studios.

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Scientific modelling

Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge.

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Scooter (motorcycle)

A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter, but not to be confused with a motorized scooter) is a type of motorcycle with a step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.

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Seatpost

A bicycle seatpost, seatpin, saddlepole, saddle pillar, or saddle pin is a tube that extends upwards from the bicycle frame to the saddle.

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Self aligning torque

Self aligning torque, also known as aligning torque, aligning moment, SAT, or Mz, is the torque that a tire creates as it rolls along, which tends to steer it, i.e. rotate it around its vertical axis.

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Shaft effect

The shaft effect, also known as elevator effect or shaft jacking, is a phenomenon occurring in shaft-drive motorcycles.

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Sideways bike

The sideways bike is an invention, patented in 2005, by Michael Killian, a software engineer from Dublin.

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Single-track vehicle

A single-track vehicle is a vehicle that leaves a single ground track as it moves forward.

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Skidpad

A skidpad or skidpan is a circular area of flat pavement used for various tests of a car's handling.

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Slip angle

In vehicle dynamics, slip angle or sideslip angle is the angle between a rolling wheel's actual direction of travel and the direction towards which it is pointing (i.e., the angle of the vector sum of wheel forward velocity v_x and lateral velocity v_y).

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Small-angle approximation

The small-angle approximation is a useful simplification of the basic trigonometric functions which is approximately true in the limit where the angle approaches zero.

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Smith's Prize

The Smith's Prize was the name of each of two prizes awarded annually to two research students in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1769.

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Specialized Bicycle Components

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., commonly called Specialized, is a United States-based company that designs, manufactures and markets bicycles, bicycle components and related products under the brand name "Specialized".

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Speed

In everyday use and in kinematics, the speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity (the rate of change of its position); it is thus a scalar quantity.

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Speed wobble

Wobble, shimmy, tank-slapper, speed wobble, and even death wobble are all words and phrases used to describe a quick (4–10 Hz) oscillation of primarily just the steerable wheel(s) of a vehicle.

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Sport bike

A sportbike, or sports bike, is a motorcycle optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on paved roads, typically at the expense of comfort and fuel economy by comparison with other motorcycles.

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State variable

A state variable is one of the set of variables that are used to describe the mathematical "state" of a dynamical system.

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Steering damper

A steering damper, or steering stabiliser is a damping device designed to inhibit an undesirable, uncontrolled movement or oscillation of a vehicle steering mechanism, a phenomenon known in motorcycling as wobble.

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Stiffness

Stiffness is the rigidity of an object — the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force.

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Stoppie

The stoppie is a motorcycle and bicycle trick in which the back wheel is lifted and the bike is ridden on the front wheel by carefully applying brake pressure.

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Suspension (motorcycle)

A motorcycle's suspension serves a dual purpose: contributing to the vehicle's handling and braking, and providing safety and comfort by keeping the vehicle's passengers comfortably isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations.

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Suspension (vehicle)

Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two.

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Swing (seat)

A swing is a hanging seat, often found at playgrounds for children, at a circus for acrobats, or on a porch for relaxing, although they may also be items of indoor furniture, such as Latin American hammock or the Indian oonjal.

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Swing Bike

A Swing Bike is a brand of bicycle which allowed for steering at both the front wheel and the rear wheel.

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Tandem bicycle

The tandem bicycle or twin is a form of bicycle (occasionally a tricycle) designed to be ridden by more than one person.

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Three-dimensional space

Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point).

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Tiller

A tiller or till is a lever used to steer a vehicle.

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Tire

A tire (American English) or tyre (British English; see spelling differences) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.

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Tire balance

Tire balance, also referred to as tire unbalance or imbalance, describes the distribution of mass within an automobile tire or the entire wheel (including the rim) to which it is attached.

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Torque

Torque, moment, or moment of force is rotational force.

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Torsion (mechanics)

In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque.

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Touring bicycle

A touring bicycle is a bicycle designed or modified to handle bicycle touring.

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Touring motorcycle

A touring motorcycle is a type of motorcycle designed for touring.

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Track bicycle

A track bicycle or track bike is a bicycle optimized for racing at a velodrome or outdoor track.

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Track stand

The track stand or standstill is a technique that bicycle riders can use to maintain balance while their bicycle remains stationary or moves only minimal distances.

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Trail braking

Trail braking is a driving and motorcycle riding technique where the brakes are used beyond the entrance to a turn, and then gradually released up to, or before, the apex of the turn.

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Treadmill

A treadmill is a device generally for walking or running or climbing while staying in the same place.

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Trek Bicycle Corporation

Trek Bicycle Corporation is a bicycle and cycling product manufacturer and distributor under brand names Trek, Electra Bicycle Company, Gary Fisher, Bontrager, Diamant Bikes, Villiger Bikes and, until 2008, LeMond Racing Cycles and Klein.

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Tricycle

A tricycle, often abbreviated to trike, is a human-powered (or gravity-powered) three-wheeled vehicle.

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Two-mass-skate bicycle

A two-mass-skate bicycle (TMS) is a theoretical model created by a team of researchers at Cornell University, University of Wisconsin-Stout, and Delft University of Technology to show that it is neither sufficient nor necessary for a bike to have gyroscopic effects or positive trail to be self-stable.

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Understeer and oversteer

Understeer and oversteer are vehicle dynamics terms used to describe the sensitivity of a vehicle to steering.

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Uneven bars

The uneven bars or asymmetric bars is an artistic gymnastics apparatus, used only by female gymnasts.

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Unicycle

A unicycle is a vehicle that touches the ground with only one wheel.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (also known as UW–Milwaukee, UWM or Milwaukee) is a public urban research university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.

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Unsprung mass

In a ground vehicle with a suspension, the unsprung mass (or the unsprung weight) is the mass of the suspension, wheels or tracks (as applicable), and other components directly connected to them, rather than supported by the suspension (the mass of the body and other components supported by the suspension is the sprung mass).

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Velocipede

A velocipede is a human-powered land vehicle with one or more wheels.

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Vibration

Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point.

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Vibration white finger

Vibration white finger (VWF), also known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) or dead finger, is a secondary form of Raynaud's syndrome, an industrial injury triggered by continuous use of vibrating hand-held machinery.

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Weight transfer

Weight transfer and load transfer are two expressions used somewhat confusingly to describe two distinct effects: the change in load borne by different wheels of even perfectly rigid vehicles during acceleration, and the change in center of mass (CoM) location relative to the wheels because of suspension compliance or cargo shifting or sloshing.

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Wheelie

In vehicle acrobatics, a wheelie, or wheelstand, is a vehicle maneuver in which the front wheel or wheels come off the ground due to sufficient torque being applied to the rear wheel or wheels, or rider motion relative to the vehicle.

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Wheelie bike

A wheelie bike, also called a muscle bike, high-riser, spyder bike or banana bike, is a type of stylized children's bicycle designed in the 1960s to resemble a chopper motorcycle and characterized by ape hanger handlebars, a banana seat with sissy bar, and small wheels.

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Whole body vibration

Whole body vibration (WBV) is a generic term used when vibrations (mechanical oscillations) of any frequency are transferred to the human body.

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William John Macquorn Rankine

Prof William John Macquorn Rankine LLD (5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics.

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Windshield

The windshield (North America) or windscreen (Commonwealth English) of an aircraft, car, bus, motorbike or tram is the front window.

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Yaw (rotation)

A yaw rotation is a movement around the yaw axis of a rigid body that changes the direction it is pointing, to the left or right of its direction of motion.

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Zero of a function

In mathematics, a zero, also sometimes called a root, of a real-, complex- or generally vector-valued function f is a member x of the domain of f such that f(x) vanishes at x; that is, x is a solution of the equation f(x).

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Bicycle Physics, Bicycle and motorcycle physics, Bicycle dynamics, Bicycle physics, Bike dynamics, Bike physics, Double-wheel steering bicycle, Lean angle, Motorcycle and bicycle dynamics, Motorcycle dynamics, Motorcycle physics, Tank slapper, Tank-slapper, Tankslapper, Two-wheel steering bicycle.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics

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