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279 relations: African swine fever virus, Agent Orange, Al Hakum (Iraq), Animal-borne bomb attacks, Anthrax, Antibiotic, Antigua, Antimicrobial resistance, Anton Dilger, Area denial weapon, Arthur Galston, Assyrian people, Asymmetric warfare, Bacillus anthracis, Bacteria, Bacteriology, Baker Island, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Berdsk, Bioaerosol, Biodefense, Biohazard (book), Bioherbicide, Biological agent, Biological hazard, Biological Weapons Convention, Biopreparat, Biosecurity, Bioterrorism, Black Death, Bleeding, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Borden Institute, Botulinum toxin, Botulism, British Army, British Malaya, Brucella, Brucellosis, Bubonic plague, Building 470, Bunyavirales, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, California, Cambridge University Press, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chemical warfare, Chemical weapon, Chemical Weapons Convention, ..., Chest radiograph, Chlamydia psittaci, Civilian casualties, Clandestine operation, Coccidioides, Cold War, Conventional weapon, Counter-insurgency, Coxiella burnetii, Crimea, CRISPR, Customary international law, David Willman, Delta G Scientific Company, Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories, Dugway Proving Ground, Eastern equine encephalitis, Ebola virus disease, Economy, Ed Regis (author), Edward Hagerman, ELISA, Elvin A. Kabat, Enterotoxin, Enterotoxin type B, Entomological warfare, Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department, Erich Traub, Ethnic bioweapon, Euphorbia grantii, Explosion, Feodosia, Flaviviridae, Foot-and-mouth disease, Fort Detrick, Fort Terry, Francisella tularensis, Frank Olson, Frontline (U.S. TV series), Fungus, Geneva, Geneva Protocol, George W. Merck, Germ theory of disease, German Empire, Glanders, Golden Horde, Granite Peak Installation, Grosse Isle, Quebec, Gruinard Island, Gulf War, Herbicidal warfare, Herbicide, High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, Horn Island Chemical Warfare Service Quarantine Station, Host (biology), Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash, Human subject research, Imperial Japanese Army, Incendiary device, Infectivity, Influenza, Institute of Virus Preparations, International Committee of the Red Cross, International Health Regulations, International humanitarian law, Ira Baldwin, Jacob M. Appel, Japanese encephalitis, Jeanne Guillemin, Jim Keith, John W. Powell, Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System, Joshua Lederberg, Kaimingjie germ weapon attack, Kazakhstan, Ken Alibek, Khabarovsk War Crime Trials, Kinetic energy, Kirov, Kirov Oblast, Kurt Blome, Latex, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lenape, Leonard A. Cole, List of parties to the Biological Weapons Convention, Los Angeles Times, Magnaporthe grisea, Manchuria, Marburg virus, Mark Wheelis, Mass production, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Matthew Meselson, Mau Mau Uprising, McNeill's law, Mediastinitis, Military animal, Ministry of Supply, Mongol Empire, Mycoherbicide, Mycotoxin, Nassau, Bahamas, Nation state, Native Americans in the United States, Netherlands, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Newsnight, Nicholas Kristof, Ningbo, Non-lethal weapon, Nova (TV series), Nuclear warfare, Obolenskoye, Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, Ohio Country, Omutninsk, One-Million-Liter Test Sphere, Operation Big Buzz, Operation Big Itch, Operation Cauldron, Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night, Operation Drop Kick, Operation Harness, Operation May Day, Operation Vegetarian, Operation Whitecoat, Organism, Pathogen, Paul Fildes, PBS, Pingfang District, Plague (disease), Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Pneumonic plague, Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, Porton Down, Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda, Project 112, Project AGILE, Project Bacchus, Project Clear Vision, Project Coast, Project SHAD, Protechnik, Psittacosis, Psychochemical warfare, Ratification, Rhodesia and weapons of mass destruction, Richard Nixon, Richard Preston, Ricin, Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsiaceae, Rift Valley fever, Rihab Taha, Rinderpest, Roodeplaat Research Laboratories, Royal Marines, RRH Portreath, Saint Petersburg, Salman Pak facility, San Diego, San Francisco Chronicle, Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, Saxitoxin, Second Sino-Japanese War, Select agent, Sergei Popov (bioweaponeer), Sergiyev Posad, Sheldon H. Harris, Shigella, Shirō Ishii, Siege of Fort Pitt, Sino-Soviet relations, Six-legged Soldiers, Smallpox, Social infrastructure, Soviet Union, Spore, Sri Lankan Civil War, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Stepnogorsk, Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology, Stornoway, Suffield Experimental Station, Suffield, Alberta, Sunshine Project, Surrender of Japan, Sverdlovsk anthrax leak, Tactic (method), Task Force Scorpio, The Demon in the Freezer, Theodor Rosebury, Theory of justification, Toxin, Transmission (medicine), Treaty, Trichothecene, Tularemia, Unethical human experimentation in the United States, Unit 731, United Kingdom, United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, United States biological weapons program, Utah, Vaccine, Vaccinia, Vector (epidemiology), Vibrio cholerae, Vigo Ordnance Plant, Virulence, Virus, Vladimir Pasechnik, Vozrozhdeniya Island, War crime, Weapon of mass destruction, William C. Patrick III, Winston Churchill, World War I, World War II, Wouter Basson, Yazid Sufaat, Yekaterinburg, Yellow fever, Yellow rain, Yersinia pestis, Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign, Zhongma Fortress. Expand index (229 more) »
African swine fever virus
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF).
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Agent Orange
Agent Orange is an herbicide and defoliant chemical, one of the tactical use Rainbow Herbicides.
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Al Hakum (Iraq)
Al Hakum — also spelled Al Hakam — was at one time Iraq's most sophisticated and largest biological weapons (BW) production factory.
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Animal-borne bomb attacks
Animal-borne bomb attacks are the use of animals as delivery systems for explosives.
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Anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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Antigua
Antigua, also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population, is an island in the West Indies.
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Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.
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Anton Dilger
Anton Casimir Dilger (13 February 1884 – 17 October 1918) was a German-American medical doctor, and the main proponent of the German biological warfare sabotage program during World War I. His father, Hubert Dilger, was a United States Army captain who had received the Medal of Honor for his work as an artilleryman at the Battle of Chancellorsville (1863) during the American Civil War.
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Area denial weapon
An area denial weapon or Anti Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) is a device or a strategy used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air.
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Arthur Galston
Arthur W. Galston (April 21, 1920 – June 15, 2008) was an American botanist and bioethicist.
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Assyrian people
Assyrian people (ܐܫܘܪܝܐ), or Syriacs (see terms for Syriac Christians), are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East.
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Asymmetric warfare
Asymmetric warfare (or asymmetric engagement) is war between belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly, or whose strategy or tactics differ significantly.
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Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax—a common disease of livestock and, occasionally, of humans—and the only obligate pathogen within the genus Bacillus.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.
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Baker Island
Baker Island is an uninhabited atoll located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean about southwest of Honolulu.
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Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), (אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב, Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev) is a public research university in Beersheba, Israel.
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Berdsk
Berdsk (Бердск) is a town in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, a satellite of Novosibirsk, situated on a bank of the Berd River.
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Bioaerosol
Bioaerosols (short for biological aerosols) are a subcategory of particles released from terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere.
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Biodefense
Biodefense refers to measures to restore biosecurity to a group of organisms who are, or may be, subject to biological threats or infectious diseases.
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Biohazard (book)
Biohazard, subtitled The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World - Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It, is the title of a 1999 book by former Soviet biological warfare researcher Ken Alibek that purports to expose the former Soviet Union's extensive covert biological weapons program.
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Bioherbicide
Bioherbicides consist of phytotoxins, pathogens, and other microbes used as biological weed control.
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Biological agent
A biological agent—also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon—is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, or fungus that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterrorism or biological warfare (BW).
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Biological hazard
Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
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Biological Weapons Convention
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (usually referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BWC, or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BTWC) was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.
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Biopreparat
Biopreparat (p, "Biological substance preparation") was the Soviet Union's major biological warfare agency from the 1970s on.
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Biosecurity
Biosecurity has multiple meanings and is defined differently according to various disciplines.
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Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.
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Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.
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Bleeding
Bleeding, also known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging, is blood escaping from the circulatory system.
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Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), also known as black typhus or Ordog Fever, is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease originating in Bolivia after infection by Machupo virus.
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Borden Institute
The Borden Institute is a U.S. Army “Center of Excellence in Military Medical Research and Education”.
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Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin (BTX) or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.
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Botulism
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
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British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.
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British Malaya
The term British Malaya loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British control between the 18th and the 20th centuries.
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Brucella
Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, named after David Bruce (1855–1931).
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Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Building 470
Building 470 — also called the Pilot Plant, or sometimes “the Tower”, or “Anthrax Tower” — was a seven-story steel and brick building at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland, USA, used in the small-scale production of biological warfare (BW) agents.
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Bunyavirales
Bunyavirales is an order of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses.
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Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia mallei is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic bacterium, a human and animal pathogen of genus Burkholderia causing glanders; the Latin name of this disease (malleus) gave its name to the species causing it.
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Burkholderia pseudomallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei (also known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.
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Chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.
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Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an arms control treaty that outlaws the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons and their precursors.
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Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, colloquially called a chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film, is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures.
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Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydia psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that may cause endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans.
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Civilian casualties
Civilian casualties occurs in a general sense, when civilians are killed or injured by non-civilians, mostly law enforcement officers, military personnel, or criminals such as terrorists and bank robbers.
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Clandestine operation
A clandestine operation is an intelligence or military operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population or specific enemy forces.
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Coccidioides
Coccidioides is a genus of dimorphic ascomycetes in the family Onygenaceae.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Conventional weapon
The terms conventional weapons or conventional arms generally refer to weapons that are in relatively wide use that are not weapons of mass destruction (e.g. nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons).
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Counter-insurgency
A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency (COIN) can be defined as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".
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Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever.
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Crimea
Crimea (Крым, Крим, Krym; Krym; translit;; translit) is a peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast.
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CRISPR
CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences in bacteria and archaea.
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Customary international law
Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom.
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David Willman
David Willman (born October 18, 1956 in Pasadena, California) is a Pulitzer Prize winning investigative journalist.
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Delta G Scientific Company
Delta G Scientific Company was originally a front company established April 1982 in Weldegraan by the South African Defence Force to research and produce chemical weapons within a covert operation known as Project Coast.
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Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
Various fringe theories have arisen to speculate about purported alternative origins for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with claims ranging from it being due to accidental exposure to supposedly purposeful acts.
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Dugway Proving Ground
Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a U.S. Army facility established in 1942 to test biological and chemical weapons, located about 85 miles (140 km) southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah and 13 miles south of the 2,624 sq mi Utah Test and Training Range forming the largest overland special use airspace in the United States.
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Eastern equine encephalitis
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), commonly called Triple E or, sleeping sickness (not to be confused with Trypanosomiasis) is a zoonotic alphavirus and arbovirus present in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean.
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Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.
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Economy
An economy (from Greek οίκος – "household" and νέμoμαι – "manage") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents.
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Ed Regis (author)
Edward Regis, Jr (born 1944) — known as Ed Regis — is an American philosopher, educator and author.
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Edward Hagerman
Edward Hagerman was a Canadian author and professor at York University.
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ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.
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Elvin A. Kabat
Elvin Abraham Kabat (September 1, 1914 – June 16, 2000) was an American biomedical scientist and one of the founding fathers of modern quantitative immunochemistry.
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Enterotoxin
An enterotoxin is a protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines.
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Enterotoxin type B
In the field of molecular biology, enterotoxin type B, also known as Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), is an enterotoxin produced by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
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Entomological warfare
Entomological warfare (EW) is a type of biological warfare that uses insects to attack the enemy.
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Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department
The Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department was a department of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1936 to the dissolution of the Army in 1945.
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Erich Traub
Erich Traub (27 June 1906 – 18 May 1985) was a German veterinarian, scientist and virologist who specialized in foot-and-mouth disease, Rinderpest and Newcastle disease.
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Ethnic bioweapon
An ethnic bioweapon (biogenetic weapon) is a type of theoretical bioweapon that aims to harm only or primarily people of specific ethnicities or genotypes.
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Euphorbia grantii
Euphorbia grantii is a species of succulent plant in the Euphorbiaceae family.
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Explosion
An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases.
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Feodosia
Feodosia (Феодо́сия, Feodosiya; Феодо́сія, Feodosiia; Crimean Tatar and Turkish: Kefe), also called Theodosia (from), is a port and resort, a town of regional significance in Crimea on the Black Sea coast.
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Flaviviridae
Flaviviridae is a family of viruses.
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Foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease (Aphthae epizooticae) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids.
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Fort Detrick
Fort Detrick is a United States Army Medical Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland.
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Fort Terry
Fort Terry was a coastal fortification on Plum Island, a small island just off Orient Point, New York, USA.
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Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped coccobacillus, an aerobe bacterium.
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Frank Olson
Frank Rudolph Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland.
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Frontline (U.S. TV series)
Frontline (styled by the program as FRONTLINE) is the flagship investigative journalism series of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), producing in-depth documentaries on a variety of domestic and international stories and issues, and broadcasting them on air and online.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
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Geneva Protocol
The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, usually called the Geneva Protocol, is a treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts.
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George W. Merck
George Wilhelm Herman Emanuel Merck (March 29, 1894 – November 9, 1957) was the president of Merck & Co. from 1925 to 1950 and member of Merck family.
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Germ theory of disease
The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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Glanders
Glanders (from Middle English glaundres or Old French glandres, both meaning glands; malleus, Rotz; also known as "equinia", "farcy", and "malleus") is an infectious disease that occurs primarily in horses, mules, and donkeys.
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Golden Horde
The Golden Horde (Алтан Орд, Altan Ord; Золотая Орда, Zolotaya Orda; Алтын Урда, Altın Urda) was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.
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Granite Peak Installation
The Granite Peak Installation (GPI) — also known as Granite Peak Range — was a U.S. biological weapons testing facility located on of Dugway Proving Ground in Utah.
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Grosse Isle, Quebec
Grosse Isle (Grosse Île, "big island"), is located in Gulf of St. Lawrence in Quebec, Canada.
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Gruinard Island
Gruinard Island ('Eilean Ghruinneard') is a small, oval-shaped Scottish island approximately long by wide, located in Gruinard Bay, about halfway between Gairloch and Ullapool.
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Gulf War
The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
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Herbicidal warfare
Herbicidal warfare is the use of substances primarily designed to destroy the plant-based ecosystem of an area.
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Herbicide
Herbicides, also commonly known as weedkillers, are chemical substances used to control unwanted plants.
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High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
The United Nations' High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change was created in 2003 to analyse threats and challenges to international peace and security, and to recommend action based on this analysis.
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Horn Island Chemical Warfare Service Quarantine Station
Horn Island Chemical Warfare Service Quarantine Station, also known as the Horn Island Testing Station, was a U.S. biological weapons testing site during World War II.
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Host (biology)
In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.
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Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash (هدى صالح مهدي عماش) is an Iraqi scientist, dubbed Mrs.
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Human subject research
Human subject research is systematic, scientific investigation that can be either interventional (a "trial") or observational (no "test article") and involves human beings as research subjects.
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Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun; "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945.
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Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires or destroy sensitive equipment using fire (and sometimes used as anti-personnel weaponry), that use materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus.
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Infectivity
In epidemiology, infectivity is the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection.
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Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
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Institute of Virus Preparations
The Institute of Virus Preparations was an agency of the former Soviet Union.
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International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.
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International Health Regulations
The International Health Regulations (2005) are a legally binding instrument of international law that aim to a) assist countries to work together to save lives and livelihoods endangered by the international spread of diseases and other health risks, and b) avoid unnecessary interference with international trade and travel. The purpose and scope of IHR 2005 are to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade. (Art. 2, IHR (2005)).
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International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law (IHL) is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).
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Ira Baldwin
Ira L. Baldwin (August 20, 1895 – August 9, 1999) was the founder and director emeritus of the Wisconsin Academy Foundation.
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Jacob M. Appel
Jacob M. Appel (born February 21, 1973) is an American author, poet, bioethicist, physician, lawyer and social critic.
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Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).
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Jeanne Guillemin
Jeanne Harley Guillemin (born 1943) is a medical anthropologist and author, who for 25 years was a Professor of Sociology at Boston College and for the last ten years, a senior fellow in the at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Jim Keith
Jim Keith (September 21, 1949 – September 7, 1999).
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John W. Powell
John William Powell (July 3, 1919 – December 15, 2008) was a journalist and small business proprietor who was most well known for being tried for sedition after publishing an article in 1952 that reported on allegations made by Mainland Chinese officials that the United States and Japan were carrying out germ warfare in the Korean War.
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Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) was the U.S. Army's first chemical munitions disposal facility.
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Joshua Lederberg
Joshua Lederberg, ForMemRS (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program.
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Kaimingjie germ weapon attack
The Kaimingjie germ weapon attack was a Japanese biological warfare bacterial germ strike against Kaimingjie, an area of the port of Ningbo in the Chinese province of Zhejiang in October 1940, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.
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Ken Alibek
Colonel Kanatzhan "Kanat" Alibekov (Қанатжан Әлібеков, Qanatzhan Älibekov; Канатжан Алибеков, Kanatzhan Alibekov; born 1950) – known as Kenneth "Ken" Alibek since 1992 – is a former Soviet physician, microbiologist, and biological warfare (BW) expert.
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Khabarovsk War Crime Trials
The Khabarovsk War Crime Trials were hearings held between 25–31 December 1949, in the Soviet Union's industrial city of Khabarovsk (Хаба́ровск), the largest city within the Russian Far East (Дáльний Востóк) adjacent to Japan.
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Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.
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Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Kirov (p), formerly known as Vyatka (Вя́тка) and Khlynov (Хлы́нов), is a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyatka River.
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Kurt Blome
Kurt Blome (31 January 1894, Bielefeld, Westphalia – 10 October 1969) was a high-ranking Nazi scientist before and during World War II.
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Latex
Latex is a stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium.
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is an American federal research facility in Livermore, California, United States, founded by the University of California, Berkeley in 1952.
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Lenape
The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.
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Leonard A. Cole
Leonard A. Cole (born 1933), an American dentist, political scientist and expert on bioterrorism and terror medicine.
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List of parties to the Biological Weapons Convention
The list of parties to the Biological Weapons Convention encompasses the states who have signed and ratified or acceded to the international agreement outlawing biological weapons.
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Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.
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Magnaporthe grisea
Magnaporthe grisea, also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, and Johnson spot, is a plant-pathogenic fungus that causes a serious disease affecting rice.
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Manchuria
Manchuria is a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia.
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Marburg virus
Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus, genus Marburgvirus.
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Mark Wheelis
Mark L. Wheelis is an American microbiologist.
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Mass production
Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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Matthew Meselson
Matthew Stanley Meselson (born May 24, 1930) is a geneticist and molecular biologist currently at Harvard University, known for his demonstration, with Franklin Stahl, of the semi-conservative DNA replication.
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Mau Mau Uprising
The Mau Mau Uprising (1952–1964), also known as the Mau Mau Rebellion, the Kenya Emergency, and the Mau Mau Revolt, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–63).
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McNeill's law
In human geography, McNeill's law is the process outlined in William H. McNeill's book Plagues and Peoples.
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Mediastinitis
Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum.
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Military animal
Military animals are trained animals that are used in warfare and other combat related activities.
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Ministry of Supply
The Ministry of Supply (MoS) was a department of the UK Government formed in 1939 to co-ordinate the supply of equipment to all three British armed forces, headed by the Minister of Supply.
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Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.
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Mycoherbicide
A mycoherbicide is a herbicide based on a fungus.
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Mycotoxin
A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης mykes, "fungus" and τοξικόν toxikon, "poison") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungus kingdom and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals.
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Nassau, Bahamas
Nassau is the capital and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas.
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Nation state
A nation state (or nation-state), in the most specific sense, is a country where a distinct cultural or ethnic group (a "nation" or "people") inhabits a territory and have formed a state (often a sovereign state) that they predominantly govern.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO; Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) is an independent research organisation in the Netherlands that focuses on applied science.
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Newsnight
Newsnight is a weekday BBC Television current affairs programme which specialises in analysis and often robust cross-examination of senior politicians.
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Nicholas Kristof
Nicholas Donabet Kristof (born April 27, 1959) is an American journalist and political commentator.
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Ningbo
Ningbo, formerly written Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province in China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.
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Non-lethal weapon
Non-lethal weapons, also called less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing weapons are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons such as knives and firearms.
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Nova (TV series)
Nova (stylized NOVΛ) is an American popular science television series produced by WGBH Boston.
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Nuclear warfare
Nuclear warfare (sometimes atomic warfare or thermonuclear warfare) is a military conflict or political strategy in which nuclear weaponry is used to inflict damage on the enemy.
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Obolenskoye, Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast
Obolensk (Оболенск) was a city in Russia, and in the medieval period one of the Upper Oka Principalities, situated at the Protva River (some 80 km south-to-southwest of Moscow, or some 20 km downstream (east) of Obninsk).
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Ohio Country
The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory or Ohio Valley by the French) was a name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake Erie.
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Omutninsk
Omutninsk (Омутни́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Omutninsky District in Kirov Oblast, Russia.
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One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
The One-Million-Liter Test Sphere—also known as the Test Sphere, the Horton Test Sphere, the Cloud Study Chamber, Building 527, and the “Eight Ball” (or “8-ball”)—is a decommissioned biological warfare (BW) chamber and testing facility located on Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
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Operation Big Buzz
Operation Big Buzz was a U.S. military entomological warfare field test conducted in the U.S. state of Georgia in 1955.
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Operation Big Itch
Operation Big Itch was a U.S. entomological warfare field test using uninfected fleas to determine their coverage and survivability as a vector for biological agents.
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Operation Cauldron
Operation Cauldron was a series of secret biological warfare trials undertaken by the British government in 1952.
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Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night
Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night was a 1945 plan developed by Shirō Ishii to wage biological warfare upon civilian population centers in Southern California in the United States during the final months of World War II, using pathogens created by members of Ishii's Unit 731.
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Operation Drop Kick
Between April and November 1956, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted Operation Drop KickRose, William H. "", U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, Dugway Proving Ground, March 1981, via thesmokinggun.com, accessed December 25, 2008 to test the practicality of employing mosquitoes to carry an entomological warfare agent in different ways.
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Operation Harness
Operation Harness was a series of secret biological warfare trials carried out by the government of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean in the 1940s.
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Operation May Day
Operation May Day was a series of entomological warfare (EW) tests conducted by the U.S. military in Savannah, Georgia in 1956.
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Operation Vegetarian
Operation Vegetarian was a British military plan in 1942 to disseminate linseed cakes infected with anthrax spores onto the fields of Germany.
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Operation Whitecoat
Operation Whitecoat was a biodefense medical research program carried out by the United States Army at Fort Detrick, Maryland between 1954 and 1973.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Paul Fildes
Sir Paul Gordon Fildes (10 February 1882 – 5 February 1971) was a British pathologist and microbiologist who worked on the development of chemical-biological weaponry at Porton Down during the Second World War.
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PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.
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Pingfang District
Pingfang District is one of nine districts of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, forming part of the city's urban core.
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Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Plum Island Animal Disease Center
Plum Island Animal Disease Center of New York (PIADCNY) is a United States federal research facility dedicated to the study of animal diseases.
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Pneumonic plague
Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services
Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, alternatively known as Laboratory 1, Laboratory 12, and Kamera which means "The Cell" in Russian, was a covert research and development facility of the Soviet secret police agencies which reportedly reactivated in late '90s.
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Porton Down
Porton Down is a United Kingdom science park, situated just northeast of the village of Porton near Salisbury, in Wiltshire, England.
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Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda
was the second and last heir of the Takeda-no-miya collateral branch of the Japanese Imperial Family.
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Project 112
Project 112 was a biological and chemical weapon experimentation project conducted by the United States Department of Defense from 1962 to 1973.
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Project AGILE
Project AGILE was an Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) project in the 1960s that investigated means for engaging in remote, limited warfare of an asymmetric type.
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Project Bacchus
Project Bacchus was a covert investigation by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency US Defense Department to determine whether it is possible to construct a bioweapons production facility with off-the-shelf equipment.
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Project Clear Vision
Project Clear Vision was a covert examination of Soviet-made biological bomblets conducted by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract with the CIA.
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Project Coast
Project Coast was a top-secret chemical and biological weapons (CBW) program instituted by the South African government during the apartheid era.
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Project SHAD
Project SHAD, an acronym for Shipboard Hazard and Defense, was part of a larger effort called Project 112, which was conducted during the 1960s.
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Protechnik
Protechnik was a front company established on 24 June 1987 by the South African Defence Force to perform quality assurance testing of chemical protective materials and equipment within a covert operation known as Project Coast.
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Psittacosis
Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels and budgerigars, and pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of bird.
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Psychochemical warfare
Psychochemical warfare involves the use of psychopharmacological agents (mind-altering drugs or chemicals) with the intention of incapacitating an adversary through the temporary induction of hallucinations or delirium.
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Ratification
Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally.
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Rhodesia and weapons of mass destruction
Although many other countries have possessed chemical and biological weapons programs, Rhodesia was one of the few countries known to have used chemical and biological agents.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.
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Richard Preston
Richard Preston (born August 5, 1954) is a New Yorker writer and bestselling author who has written books about infectious disease, bioterrorism, redwoods and other subjects, as well as fiction.
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Ricin
Ricin, a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, is a highly potent toxin.
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Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic Bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice.
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Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia rickettsii (abbreviated as R. rickettsii) is a gram-negative, intracellular, coccobacillus bacterium that is around 0.8 to 2.0 micrometers long.
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Rickettsiaceae
The Rickettsiaceae are a family of bacteria.
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Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease that can cause mild to severe symptoms.
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Rihab Taha
Rihab Rashid Taha al-Azawi (born November 12, 1957) is an Iraqi microbiologist, dubbed Dr.
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Rinderpest
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs.
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Roodeplaat Research Laboratories
Roodeplaat Research Laboratories (RRL) (Roodeplaat Navorsings Laboratoriums) was a front company established in 1983 by the South African Defence Force to research, test and produce biological weapons within a covert operation known as Project Coast.
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Royal Marines
The Corps of Royal Marines (RM) is the amphibious light infantry of the Royal Navy.
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RRH Portreath
Remote Radar Head Portreath or RRH Portreath is an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Salman Pak facility
The Salman Pak, or al-Salman, facility is an Iraqi military facility near Baghdad.
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San Diego
San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.
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San Francisco Chronicle
The San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper serving primarily the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California.
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Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, synonym epidemiological reconnaissance is a literal name of a concept and routine of finding out disease potential on a territory of arrival of major contingent.
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Saxitoxin
Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST).
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Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.
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Select agent
Under United States law, "Biological Select Agents or Toxins" (BSATs) — or simply select agents for short — are bio-agents which since 1997 have been declared by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) or by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety".
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Sergei Popov (bioweaponeer)
Sergei Popov is a scientist and bioweaponeer formerly in the Soviet biological weapons program.
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Sergiyev Posad
Sergiyev Posad (p) is a city and the administrative center of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia.
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Sheldon H. Harris
Sheldon Howard Harris (August 22, 1928 – August 31, 2002) was a historian and Professor Emeritus of History at California State University.
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Shigella
Shigella is a genus of gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonspore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria genetically closely related to E. coli.
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Shirō Ishii
Surgeon General was a Japanese army medical officer, microbiologist and the director of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army involved in forced and frequently lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).
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Siege of Fort Pitt
The Siege of Fort Pitt took place during June and July 1763 in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Sino-Soviet relations
Sino-Soviet relations (Советско-китайские отношения, Sovetsko-kitayskiye otnosheniya) refers to the diplomatic relationship between the Chinese Republic and the various forms of Soviet Power which emerged from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to 1991, when the Soviet Union ceased to exist.
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Six-legged Soldiers
Six-Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War is a nonfiction scientific warfare book written by award-winning author and University of Wyoming professor, Jeffrey A. Lockwood.
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Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
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Social infrastructure
Social infrastructure is a general term referring to a class of internet services which allow websites or mobile devices to integrate social functionality into their application user experience.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Sri Lankan Civil War
The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka.
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State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR
The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, also known as the Vector Institute, is a biological research center in Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.
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Stepnogorsk
Stepnogorsk (Kazakh: Степногор/Stepnogor, Russian: Степногорск) is a town in Akmola Region, Kazakhstan.
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Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology
The Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology, also known as the Scientific Experimental and Production Base, was one of the premier biological warfare facilities operated by the Soviet Union.
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Stornoway
Stornoway (Steòrnabhagh) is the main settlement of Western Isles and the capital of Lewis and Harris in Scotland.
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Suffield Experimental Station
The military research facility located north of Suffield, Alberta, operated under the name of the Suffield Experimental Station from 1950 to its renaming to the Defence Research Establishment Suffield in 1967.
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Suffield, Alberta
Suffield is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within Cypress County.
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Sunshine Project
The Sunshine Project was an international NGO dedicated to upholding prohibitions against biological warfare and, particularly, to preventing military abuse of biotechnology.
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Surrender of Japan
The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close.
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Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
The Sverdlovsk anthrax leak was an incident in which spores of anthrax were accidentally released from the Sverdlovsk-19a military research facility on the southern edge of the city of Sverdlovsk (formerly, and now again, Yekaterinburg) on April 2, 1979.
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Tactic (method)
A tactic (from the Ancient Greek τακτική taktike meaning "art of arrangement") is a conceptual action aiming at the achievement of a goal.
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Task Force Scorpio
Task Force Scorpio was a United Nations biological and chemical weapons response team that was activated during the first Gulf War to respond to any reported use of weapons of mass destruction on civilians.
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The Demon in the Freezer
The Demon in the Freezer is a 2002 non-fiction book on the biological weapon agents smallpox and anthrax and how the American government develops defensive measures against them.
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Theodor Rosebury
Theodor Rosebury (London, 10 August 1904—Conway, Massachusetts, 25 November 1976) was a British-born American bacteriologist and author.
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Theory of justification
Theory of justification is a part of epistemology that attempts to understand the justification of propositions and beliefs.
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Toxin
A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.
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Transmission (medicine)
In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.
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Treaty
A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.
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Trichothecene
Trichothecenes are a very large family of chemically related mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, and Stachybotrys.
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Tularemia
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.
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Unethical human experimentation in the United States
Unethical human experimentation in the United States describes numerous experiments performed on human test subjects in the United States that have been considered unethical, and were often performed illegally, without the knowledge, consent, or informed consent of the test subjects.
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Unit 731
was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) of World War II.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
The U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) were a suite of research laboratories and pilot plant centers operating at Camp (later Fort) Detrick, Maryland, United States beginning in 1943 under the control of the U.S. Army Chemical Corps Research and Development Command.
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United States biological weapons program
The United States biological weapons program officially began in spring 1943 on orders from U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt.
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Utah
Utah is a state in the western United States.
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Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.
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Vaccinia
Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family.
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Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism; most agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as intermediate parasites or microbes, but it could be an inanimate medium of infection such as dust particles.
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Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium.
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Vigo Ordnance Plant
The Vigo Ordnance Plant, also known as the Vigo Chemical Plant or simply Vigo Plant, was a United States Army facility built in 1942 to produce conventional weapons.
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Virulence
Virulence is a pathogen's or microbe's ability to infect or damage a host.
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Vladimir Pasechnik
Vladimir Artemovich Pasechnik (12 October 1937 Stalingrad, USSR – 21 November 2001, Wiltshire, England) was a senior Soviet biologist and bioweaponeer who defected to the United Kingdom in 1989, alerting Western intelligence to the vast scope of Moscow's clandestine biological warfare (BW) program, known as Biopreparat.
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Vozrozhdeniya Island
Vozrozhdeniya Island (p) was an island in the Aral Sea.
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War crime
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.
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Weapon of mass destruction
A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere.
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William C. Patrick III
William C. Patrick III (July 24, 1926 – October 1, 2010) was an influential microbiologist and bioweaponeer for the U.S. Army during the Cold War.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wouter Basson
Wouter Basson (born 6 July 1950) is a South African cardiologist and former head of the country's secret chemical and biological warfare project, Project Coast, during the apartheid era.
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Yazid Sufaat
Yazid Sufaat (born 20 January 1964)—also known as Yazud bin Sufaat or Yazid Shufaat—is a Malaysian member of the extremist Islamist terrorist organisation Jemaah Islamiyah from shortly after its foundation in 1993 until his arrest by Malaysian authorities in 2001.
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Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg (p), alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains, in the middle of the Eurasian continent, at the boundary between Asia and Europe.
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Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration.
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Yellow rain
Yellow rain was the subject of a 1981 political incident in which the United States Secretary of State Alexander Haig accused the Soviet Union of supplying T-2 mycotoxin to the Communist states in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia for use in counterinsurgency warfare.
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Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a Gram-negative, non-motile rod-shaped coccobacillus, with no spores.
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Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
The Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign (Japanese: 浙贛作戦), also known as Operation Sei-go, refers to a campaign by the China Expeditionary Army of the Imperial Japanese Army under Shunroku Hata and Chinese 3rd War Area forces under Gu Zhutong in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangxi from mid May to early September 1942.
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Zhongma Fortress
Zhongma Fortress — or Zhong Ma Prison Camp, or Unit Tōgō — was a prison camp where the Japanese Kwantung Army carried out covert biological warfare research on human test subjects.
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Redirects here:
Bacteriologic weapons, Bacteriological Warfare, Bacteriological war, Bacteriological warfare, Bacteriological weapon, Bacteriological weapons, Bio warfare, Bio weapons, Bio-warfare, Bio-weapons, Biological Warfare, Biological attack, Biological war, Biological weaponry, Biological weapons, Biowar, Biowarfare, Bioweaponeer, Bioweapons, Germ Warfare, Germ warfare, Microbes in warfare, Microbiological warfare, Synthetic Biological Warfare, Weaponized virus.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare
