Table of Contents
767 relations: Academic Press, Accipitriformes, Accipitrimorphae, Accommodation (vertebrate eye), Actophilornis, Adaptation, Aequornithes, Afroaves, Agriculture, Airfoil, Alaska, Albatross, Albatross (metaphor), Alloparenting, Altitudinal migration, Alula, Alvarezsauridae, Ambush predator, American flamingo, Ammonia, Amniote, Anatidae, Anatinae, Anchiornis, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient murrelet, Ancient Rome, Animal communication, Animal lead poisoning, Anna's hummingbird, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Anseriformes, Anserinae, Antarctica, Antimicrobial, Anting (behavior), Antonio Vivaldi, Aorta, Aortic arches, Aphrodite, Apodiformes, Apodimorphae, Apsaravis, Arboreal locomotion, Archaeopteryx, Archaeorhynchus, Archosaur, Arctic, Arctic tern, ... Expand index (717 more) »
- Animal classes
- Birds
- Dinosaurs
- Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances
- Santonian first appearances
Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.
Accipitriformes
The Accipitriformes are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey, including hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites, but not falcons.
Accipitrimorphae
Accipitrimorphae is a clade of birds of prey that include the orders Cathartiformes (New World vultures) and Accipitriformes (diurnal birds of prey such as eagles, hawks, osprey and secretarybird).
Accommodation (vertebrate eye)
Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.
See Bird and Accommodation (vertebrate eye)
Actophilornis
Actophilornis is a genus of jacana.
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.
Aequornithes
Aequornithes (from Latin aequor, expanse of water + Greek ornithes, birds), or core water birds, are defined as "the least inclusive clade containing Gaviidae and Phalacrocoracidae".
Afroaves
Afroaves is a clade of birds, consisting of the kingfishers and kin (Coraciiformes), woodpeckers and kin (Piciformes), hornbills and kin (Bucerotiformes), trogons (Trogoniformes), cuckoo roller (Leptosomiformes), mousebirds (Coliiformes), owls (Strigiformes), raptors (Accipitriformes) and New World vultures (Cathartiformes).
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Airfoil
An airfoil (American English) or aerofoil (British English) is a streamlined body that is capable of generating significantly more lift than drag.
See Bird and Airfoil
Alaska
Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America.
See Bird and Alaska
Albatross
Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariids, storm petrels, and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses).
Albatross (metaphor)
The word albatross is sometimes used metaphorically to mean a psychological burden (most often associated with guilt or shame) that feels like a curse.
See Bird and Albatross (metaphor)
Alloparenting
Alloparenting (also referred to as alloparental care) is a term used to classify any form of parental care provided by an individual towards young that are not its own direct offspring.
Altitudinal migration
Altitudinal migration is a short-distance animal migration from lower altitudes to higher altitudes and back.
See Bird and Altitudinal migration
Alula
The alula, or bastard wing, (plural alulae) is a small projection on the anterior edge of the wing of modern birds and a few non-avian dinosaurs.
See Bird and Alula
Alvarezsauridae
Alvarezsauridae is a family of small, long-legged dinosaurs. Bird and Alvarezsauridae are Santonian first appearances.
Ambush predator
Ambush predators or sit-and-wait predators are carnivorous animals that capture their prey via stealth, luring or by (typically instinctive) strategies utilizing an element of surprise.
American flamingo
The American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is a large species of flamingo native to the West Indies, northern South America (including the Galápagos Islands) and the Yucatán Peninsula.
See Bird and American flamingo
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
See Bird and Ammonia
Amniote
Amniotes are tetrapod vertebrate animals belonging to the clade Amniota, a large group that comprises the vast majority of living terrestrial and semiaquatic vertebrates.
See Bird and Amniote
Anatidae
The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans.
Anatinae
The Anatinae are a subfamily of the family Anatidae (swans, geese and ducks).
Anchiornis
Anchiornis is a genus of small, four-winged paravian dinosaurs, with only one known species, the type species Anchiornis huxleyi, named for its similarity to modern birds. Bird and Anchiornis are feathered dinosaurs.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient murrelet
The ancient murrelet (Synthliboramphus antiquus) is a bird in the auk family.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Animal communication
Animal communication is the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (sender or senders) to one or more other animals (receiver or receivers) that affects the current or future behavior of the receivers.
See Bird and Animal communication
Animal lead poisoning
Animal lead poisoning (also known as avian plumbism, or avian saturnism for birds) is a veterinary condition and pathology caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in an animal's body.
See Bird and Animal lead poisoning
Anna's hummingbird
Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) is a North American species of hummingbird.
See Bird and Anna's hummingbird
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is an annual scientific journal published by Annual Reviews.
See Bird and Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans.
Anserinae
The Anserinae are a subfamily in the waterfowl family Anatidae.
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent).
Anting (behavior)
Anting is a maintenance behavior during which birds rub insects, usually ants, on their feathers and skin.
See Bird and Anting (behavior)
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music.
Aorta
The aorta (aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
See Bird and Aorta
Aortic arches
The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (previously referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized Roman goddess counterpart Venus, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory.
Apodiformes
The Apodiformes is an order, or taxonomic grouping, of birds which traditionally contained three living families—the '''Apodidae''' (swifts), the '''Hemiprocnidae''' (treeswifts), and the '''Trochilidae''' (hummingbirds); however, in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, this order is elevated to the superorder Apodimorphae, in which hummingbirds are separated into a new order, the Trochiliformes.
Apodimorphae
Apodimorphae is a clade of strisorean birds that include the extant families Trochilidae (hummingbirds), Hemiprocnidae (treeswifts), Apodidae (swifts), and Aegothelidae (owlet-nightjars), as well as many fossil families.
Apsaravis
Apsaravis is a Mesozoic avialan genus from the Late Cretaceous.
Arboreal locomotion
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees.
See Bird and Arboreal locomotion
Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx, sometimes referred to by its German name, "Urvogel" (Primeval Bird) is a genus of bird-like dinosaurs. Bird and Archaeopteryx are feathered dinosaurs.
Archaeorhynchus
Archaeorhynchus (meaning "ancient snout") is a genus of beaked avialan stem-birds from the early Cretaceous period.
Archosaur
Archosauria or archosaurs is a clade of diapsid sauropsid tetrapods, with birds and crocodilians being the only extant representatives.
Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
See Bird and Arctic
Arctic tern
The Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a tern in the family Laridae.
Asherah
Asherah (translit; translit; translit; Qatabanian: 𐩱𐩻𐩧𐩩) was a goddess in ancient Semitic religions.
See Bird and Asherah
Asian woolly-necked stork
The Asian woolly-necked stork or Asian woollyneck (Ciconia episcopus) is a species of large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.
See Bird and Asian woolly-necked stork
Asio
Asio is a genus of typical owls, or true owls, in the family Strigidae.
See Bird and Asio
Asteriornis
Asteriornis ("Asteria's bird") is an extinct genus of bird from the Late Cretaceous of Belgium which is known from a single species, Asteriornis maastrichtensis.
Athena
Athena or Athene, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.
See Bird and Athena
Athens
Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.
See Bird and Athens
Atlantic puffin
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family.
Atrium (heart)
The atrium (entry hall;: atria) is one of the two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood from the circulatory system.
Audubon
The National Audubon Society (Audubon) is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation of birds and their habitats.
See Bird and Audubon
Augur
An augur was a priest and official in the classical Roman world.
See Bird and Augur
Auk
Auks or alcids are a group of birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes.
See Bird and Auk
Auricle (anatomy)
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head.
See Bird and Auricle (anatomy)
Aurornis
Aurornis is an extinct genus of anchiornithid theropod dinosaurs from the Jurassic period of China. Bird and Aurornis are feathered dinosaurs.
Austinornis
Austinornis is an extinct genus of prehistoric bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement from the Late Cretaceous of Texas.
Austral snipe
The austral snipes, also known as the New Zealand snipes or tutukiwi, are a genus, Coenocorypha, of tiny birds in the sandpiper family, which are now only found on New Zealand's outlying islands.
Australasian wren
The Australasian wrens are a family, Maluridae, of small, insectivorous passerine birds endemic to Australia and New Guinea.
See Bird and Australasian wren
Australaves
Australaves is a recently defined clade of birds, consisting of the Eufalconimorphae (passerines, parrots and falcons) as well as the Cariamiformes (including seriemas and the extinct "terror birds").
Australian brushturkey
The Australian brushturkey, Australian brush-turkey, or gweela (Alectura lathami), also frequently called the scrub turkey or bush turkey, is a common, widespread species of mound-building bird from the family Megapodiidae found in eastern Australia from Far North Queensland to Eurobodalla on the South Coast of New South Wales.
See Bird and Australian brushturkey
Australian magpie
The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is a black and white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea, and introduced to New Zealand, and the Fijian island of Taveuni.
See Bird and Australian magpie
Austrodyptornithes
Austrodyptornithes is a clade of birds that include the orders Sphenisciformes (penguins) and Procellariiformes (tube-nosed seabirds).
See Bird and Austrodyptornithes
Automixis
Automixis is the fusion of (typically haploid) nuclei or gametes derived from the same individual.
Avemetatarsalia
Avemetatarsalia (meaning "bird metatarsals") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all archosaurs more closely related to birds than to crocodilians.
Avialae
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade containing the only living dinosaurs, the birds, and their closest relatives.
See Bird and Avialae
Avian brain
The avian brain is the central organ of the nervous system in birds.
Avian ecology field methods
There are many field methods available for conducting avian ecological research.
See Bird and Avian ecology field methods
Avian foraging
Avian foraging refers to the range of activities and behaviours exhibited by birds in their quest for food.
Avian influenza
Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans.
Avian range expansion
Avian range expansion describes how birds expand their habitat.
See Bird and Avian range expansion
Avian sleep
In birds, sleep consists of "periods of eye closure interrupted by short periods of eye-opening." During the short periods of eye-opening, electroencephalographic (EEG) studies indicate that the birds are still sleeping; the voltage level in the brain is identical. Bird and Avian sleep are birds.
Aviculture
Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds, especially of wild birds in captivity.
Avifilopluma
Avifilopluma ("bird filoplumes") is a clade containing all animals with feathers.
Avivore
American kestrel eating bird. An avivore is a specialized predator of birds, with birds making up a large proportion of its diet.
See Bird and Avivore
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Balaur bondoc
Balaur is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period, in what is now Romania.
Bar-tailed godwit
The bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) is a large and strongly migratory wader in the family Scolopacidae, which feeds on bristle-worms and shellfish on coastal mudflats and estuaries.
See Bird and Bar-tailed godwit
Bar-throated minla
The bar-throated minla or chestnut-tailed minla (Actinodura strigula), or even bar-throated siva, is a species of bird in the laughingthrush and babbler family Leiothrichidae.
See Bird and Bar-throated minla
Barn swallow
The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is the most widespread species of swallow in the world, occurring on all continents, with vagrants reported even in Antarctica.
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
See Bird and Basal (phylogenetics)
Beak
The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals.
See Bird and Beak
Beatrice Harrison
Beatrice Harrison (9 December 1892 – 10 March 1965) was a British cellist active in the first half of the 20th century.
See Bird and Beatrice Harrison
Bee hummingbird
The bee hummingbird, zunzuncito or Helena hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) is a species of hummingbird, native to the island of Cuba in the Caribbean.
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering quantitative, empirical, and theoretical studies in the field of analysis of animal behavior at the levels of the individual, population, and community.
See Bird and Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey is an American multi-mission, tiltrotor military aircraft with both vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities.
See Bird and Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
Binocular vision
In biology, binocular vision is a type of vision in which an animal has two eyes capable of facing the same direction to perceive a single three-dimensional image of its surroundings.
Biochemical Journal
The Biochemical Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of biochemistry, as well as cell and molecular biology.
See Bird and Biochemical Journal
Biodiversity
Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
Biodiversity loss
Biodiversity loss happens when plant or animal species disappear completely from Earth (extinction) or when there is a decrease or disappearance of species in a specific area.
See Bird and Biodiversity loss
Biological pest control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms.
See Bird and Biological pest control
Biological specificity
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.
See Bird and Biological specificity
Biology Letters
Biology Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society, established in 2005.
Bird anatomy
Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight. Bird and bird anatomy are birds.
Bird colony
A bird colony is a large congregation of individuals of one or more species of bird that nest or roost in proximity at a particular location.
Bird extinction
Bird extinction is the complete elimination of all species members under the taxonomic class, Aves.
Bird feeder
A birdfeeder, bird table, or tray feeder is a device placed outdoors to supply bird food to birds (bird feeding).
Bird feeding
Bird feeding is the activity of feeding wild birds, often by means of bird feeders.
Bird flight
Bird flight is the primary mode of locomotion used by most bird species in which birds take off and fly.
Bird louse
A bird louse is any chewing louse (small, biting insects) of order Phthiraptera which parasitizes warm-blooded animals, especially birds.
Bird migration
Bird migration is a seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds that occurs twice a year. Bird and bird migration are birds.
Bird nest
A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young.
Bird of prey
Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and other smaller birds).
Bird strike
A bird strike (sometimes called birdstrike, bird ingestion (for an engine), bird hit, or bird aircraft strike hazard (BASH)) is a collision between an airborne animal (usually a bird or bat) and a moving vehicle (usually an aircraft).
Bird vision
Vision is the most important sense for birds, since good eyesight is essential for safe flight.
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs.
See Bird and Bird vocalization
Bird–window collisions
Bird–window collisions (also known as bird strikes after the aviation term or as window strikes) are a problem in both low- and high-density areas worldwide.
See Bird and Bird–window collisions
BirdLife International
BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds and their habitats.
See Bird and BirdLife International
Birdsong in music
Birdsong has played a role in Western classical music since at least the 14th century, when composers such as Jean Vaillant quoted birdsong in some of their compositions.
See Bird and Birdsong in music
Birdwatching
Birdwatching, or birding, is the observing of birds, either as a recreational activity or as a form of citizen science.
Black-headed duck
The black-headed duck (Heteronetta atricapilla) is a South American duck in subfamily Oxyurinae of family Anatidae.
See Bird and Black-headed duck
Bladder
The bladder is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
See Bird and Bladder
Blue-footed booby
The blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) is a marine bird native to subtropical and tropical regions of the eastern Pacific Ocean.
See Bird and Blue-footed booby
Body plan
A body plan, Bauplan, or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals.
Booby
A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula, part of the family Sulidae.
See Bird and Booby
Boorana
The Boorana (also known as Borana) are one of the two major subgroups of the Oromo people.
See Bird and Boorana
Boston
Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
See Bird and Boston
Breeding pair
Breeding pair is a pair of animals which cooperate over time to produce offspring with some form of a bond between the individuals.
Brood parasitism
Brood parasitism is a subclass of parasitism and phenomenon and behavioural pattern of certain animals, brood parasites, that rely on others to raise their young.
Brood patch
A brood patch, also known as an incubation patch, is a patch of featherless skin on the underside of birds during the nesting season.
Bucerotiformes
Bucerotiformes is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes.
Burhinus
Burhinus is a genus of birds in the family Burhinidae.
Bustard
Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and in steppe regions.
See Bird and Bustard
Buttonquail
Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are not closely related to, the quails of Phasianidae.
Bycatch
Bycatch (or by-catch), in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while fishing for specific species or sizes of wildlife.
See Bird and Bycatch
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Bird and Calcium carbonate
California
California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.
California condor
The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is a New World vulture and the largest North American land bird.
See Bird and California condor
Camouflage
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else.
Campylobacteriosis
Campylobacteriosis is among the most common infections caused by a bacterium in humans, often as a foodborne illness.
See Bird and Campylobacteriosis
Canaanite religion
The Canaanite religion was the group of ancient Semitic religions practiced by the Canaanites living in the ancient Levant from at least the early Bronze Age to the first centuries CE.
See Bird and Canaanite religion
Canopy (biology)
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns.
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, with the other two being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.
Cariamiformes
Cariamiformes (or Cariamae) is an order of primarily flightless birds that has existed for over 50 million years.
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Carrion
Carrion, also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals.
See Bird and Carrion
Cassowary
Cassowaries (muruk, kasuari, Biak: man suar, Papuan: kasu weri) are flightless birds of the genus Casuarius in the order Casuariiformes.
Casuariiformes
The Casuariiformes is an order of large flightless birds that has four surviving members: the three species of cassowary, and the only remaining species of emu.
Cat
The cat (Felis catus), commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat, is a small domesticated carnivorous mammal.
See Bird and Cat
Cathartiformes
The Cathartiformes order of scavenging birds includes the New World vultures and the now-extinct Teratornithidae.
Cattle egret
The cattle egret (Bubulcus) is a cosmopolitan genus of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics, and warm-temperate zones.
Catullus
Gaius Valerius Catullus (84 – 54 BC), known as Catullus, was a Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic.
Catullus 2
Catullus 2 is a poem by Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84 – c. 54 BCE) that describes the affectionate relationship between an unnamed puella ('girl', possibly Catullus' lover, Lesbia), and her pet sparrow.
Cave painting
In archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves.
Cavitaves
Cavitaves is a clade that contains the order Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller) and the clade Eucavitaves (a large assemblage of birds that includes woodpeckers, kingfishers and trogons).
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.
Cerebral hemisphere
The vertebrate cerebrum (brain) is formed by two cerebral hemispheres that are separated by a groove, the longitudinal fissure.
See Bird and Cerebral hemisphere
Cerebrum
The cerebrum (cerebra), telencephalon or endbrain is the largest part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.
Charadriiformes
Charadriiformes (from Charadrius, the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds.
Charles Sibley
Charles Gald Sibley (August 7, 1917 – April 12, 1998) was an American ornithologist and molecular biologist.
Chicken
The chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a large and round short-winged bird, domesticated from the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia around 8,000 years ago. Most chickens are raised for food, providing meat and eggs; others are kept as pets or for cockfighting. Chickens are common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion, and an annual production of more than 50 billion birds.
See Bird and Chicken
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.
See Bird and Chile
Chronobiology
Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms.
Clade
In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.
See Bird and Clade
Cladistics
Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.
Climate change and birds
Significant work has gone into analyzing the effects of climate change on birds. Bird and climate change and birds are birds.
See Bird and Climate change and birds
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments).
Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing.
See Bird and Cochlea
Coelurosauria
Coelurosauria (from Greek, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the clade containing all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to carnosaurs.
Coelurus
Coelurus is a genus of coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period (mid-late Kimmeridgian faunal stage, 155–152 million years ago).
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.
Columbaves
Columbaves is a clade that contains Columbimorphae (pigeons, mesites, and sandgrouse) and Otidimorphae (bustards, cuckoos, and turacos) discovered by genomic analysis by Prum et al.
Columbidae
Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons.
Columbimorphae
Columbimorphae is a clade discovered by genome analysis that includes birds of the orders Columbiformes (pigeons and doves), Pterocliformes (sandgrouse), and Mesitornithiformes (mesites).
Comb-crested jacana
The comb-crested jacana (Irediparra gallinacea), also known as the lotusbird or lilytrotter (though these names are sometimes used to describe Jacanidae as a whole), is the only species of jacana in the genus Irediparra.
See Bird and Comb-crested jacana
Commensalism
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.
Common dwarf mongoose
The common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) is a mongoose species native to Angola, northern Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, Zambia and East Africa.
See Bird and Common dwarf mongoose
Common murre
The common murre, also called the common guillemot or foolish guillemot, (Uria aalge) is a large auk.
Common nightingale
The common nightingale, rufous nightingale or simply nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), is a small passerine bird which is best known for its powerful and beautiful song.
See Bird and Common nightingale
Common ostrich
The common ostrich (Struthio camelus), or simply ostrich, is a species of flightless bird native to certain large areas of Africa.
Common pheasant
The common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae).
Common poorwill
The common poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) is a nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae, the nightjars.
Common raven
The common raven (Corvus corax) is a large all-black passerine bird.
Common starling
The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris), also known as the European starling in North America and simply as the starling in Great Britain and Ireland, is a medium-sized passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae.
Communal roosting
Communal roosting is an animal behavior where a group of individuals, typically of the same species, congregate in an area for a few hours based on an external signal and will return to the same site with the reappearance of the signal.
See Bird and Communal roosting
Cone cell
Cone cells or cones are photoreceptor cells in the retinas of vertebrates' eyes.
Confuciusornithidae
Confuciusornithidae is an extinct family of pygostylian avialans known from the Early Cretaceous, found in northern China.
See Bird and Confuciusornithidae
Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.
See Bird and Conservation biology
Constellation
A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object.
Contact lens
Contact lenses, or simply contacts, are thin lenses placed directly on the surface of the eyes.
Cooperative breeding
Cooperative breeding is a social system characterized by alloparental care: offspring receive care not only from their parents, but also from additional group members, often called helpers.
See Bird and Cooperative breeding
Coraciiformes
The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies.
Coraciimorphae
Coraciimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the order Coliiformes (mousebirds) and the clade Cavitaves (a large assemblage of birds that includes woodpeckers, kingfishers and trogons).
Cormorant
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags.
Cormorant fishing
Cormorant fishing is a traditional fishing technique in which fishermen use trained cormorants to catch fish in rivers.
See Bird and Cormorant fishing
Corvida
The "Corvida" were one of two "parvorders" contained within the suborder Passeri, as proposed in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, the other being Passerida.
See Bird and Corvida
Corvidae
Corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, rooks, magpies, jackdaws, jays, treepies, choughs, and nutcrackers.
Courtship display
A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal, usually a male, attempts to attract a mate; the mate exercises choice, so sexual selection acts on the display.
See Bird and Courtship display
Cracidae
The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae.
Crane (bird)
Cranes are a type of large bird with long legs and necks in the biological family Gruidae of the order Gruiformes.
Crax
Crax is a genus of curassows in the order Galliformes, a clade of large, heavy-bodied, ground-feeding birds.
See Bird and Crax
Creatine
Creatine is an organic compound with the nominal formula.
Creatinine
Creatinine (from Ancient Greek: κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism.
Crepuscular animal
In zoology, a crepuscular animal is one that is active primarily during the twilight period, being matutinal, vespertine/vespertinal, or both.
See Bird and Crepuscular animal
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction, was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth approximately 66 million years ago. Bird and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event are dinosaurs.
See Bird and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Crocodile
Crocodiles (family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.
Crocodilia
Crocodilia (or Crocodylia, both) is an order of semiaquatic, predatory reptiles known as crocodilians.
Crop (anatomy)
The crop (also the croup, the craw, the ingluvies, and the sublingual pouch) is a thin-walled, expanded portion of the alimentary tract, which is used for the storage of food before digestion.
Crop milk
Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds in some species that is regurgitated to young birds.
Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor.
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis, sometimes informally called crypto, is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
See Bird and Cryptosporidiosis
Cuckoo
Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes.
See Bird and Cuckoo
Cuckoo-roller
The cuckoo-roller or courol (Leptosomus discolor)del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (2001) is the only bird in the family Leptosomidae, which was previously often placed in the order Coraciiformes but is now placed in its own order Leptosomiformes.
Darwin's finches
Darwin's finches (also known as the Galápagos finches) are a group of about 18 species of passerine birds.
David Rothenberg
David Rothenberg (born 1962) is a professor of philosophy and music at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, with a special interest in animal sounds as music.
Deinonychosauria
Deinonychosauria is a clade of paravian dinosaurs which lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous periods.
Deinonychus
Deinonychus is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur with one described species, Deinonychus antirrhopus.
Deity
A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over the universe, nature or human life.
See Bird and Deity
Depolarization
In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside.
Depth of field
The depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. Bird and Dinosaur are dinosaurs.
Dipper
Dippers are members of the genus Cinclus in the bird family Cinclidae, so-called because of their bobbing or dipping movements.
See Bird and Dipper
Disassortative mating
Disassortative mating (also known as negative assortative mating or heterogamy) is a mating pattern in which individuals with dissimilar phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under random mating.
See Bird and Disassortative mating
Diurnality
Diurnality is a form of plant and animal behavior characterized by activity during daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night.
Diving duck
The diving ducks, commonly called pochards or scaups, are a category of duck which feed by diving beneath the surface of the water.
Division of labour
The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation).
See Bird and Division of labour
Dog
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf.
See Bird and Dog
Dolphin
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale).
See Bird and Dolphin
Domestic duck
Domestic ducks (mainly mallard, Anas platyrhynchos domesticus, with some Muscovy ducks, Cairina moschata domestica) are ducks that have been domesticated and raised for meat and eggs.
Domestic goose
A domestic goose is a goose that humans have domesticated and kept for their meat, eggs, or down feathers, or as companion animals.
Domestic turkey
The domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) is a large fowl, one of the two species in the genus Meleagris and the same species as the wild turkey.
Double cone (biology)
Double cones (DCs), known as twin cones when the two members are the same, are two cone cells (colour detecting photoreceptors) joined together that may also be coupled optically/electrically.
See Bird and Double cone (biology)
Down feather
The down of birds is a layer of fine feathers found under the tougher exterior feathers.
Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae is a family of feathered coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs.
Duck
Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae.
See Bird and Duck
Eagle (heraldry)
The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest.
Ear
An ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system.
See Bird and Ear
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous.
Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards.
See Bird and Early warning system
Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
See Bird and Earth's magnetic field
Easter Island
Easter Island (Isla de Pascua; Rapa Nui) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.
Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.
Ecological restoration
Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed.
See Bird and Ecological restoration
Ecosystem engineer
An ecosystem engineer is any species that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat.
See Bird and Ecosystem engineer
Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a form of tourism marketed as "responsible" travel (using what proponents say is sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people.
Egg incubation
Egg incubation is the process by which an egg, of oviparous (egg-laying) animals, develops an embryo within the egg, after the egg's formation and ovipositional release.
Eggshell
An eggshell is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft outer coats.
Elementaves
Elementaves is a proposed clade of birds, comprising a diverse group of birds who occupy various different ecological niches.
Elephant bird
Elephant birds are extinct flightless birds belonging to the order Aepyornithiformes that were native to the island of Madagascar.
Emperor penguin
The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica.
Emu
The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a species of flightless bird endemic to Australia, where it is the tallest native bird.
See Bird and Emu
Emu (journal)
Emu, subtitled Austral Ornithology, is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of BirdLife Australia (formerly the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union).
Enantiornithes
The Enantiornithes, also known as enantiornithines or enantiornitheans in literature, are a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense), the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era.
Endangered species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction.
See Bird and Endangered species
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species only being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
Endocardium
The endocardium (endocardia) is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart.
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
Eosinopteryx
Eosinopteryx is an extinct genus of theropod dinosaurs known to the Late Jurassic epoch of China. Bird and Eosinopteryx are feathered dinosaurs.
Estrildidae
Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia.
Etruscan religion
Etruscan religion comprises a set of stories, beliefs, and religious practices of the Etruscan civilization, heavily influenced by the mythology of ancient Greece, and sharing similarities with concurrent Roman mythology and religion.
See Bird and Etruscan religion
Eufalconimorphae
Eufalconimorphae is a proposed clade of birds, consisting of passerines, parrots, falcons, caracaras, and forest falcons (but not other raptors).
Euornithes
Euornithes (from Greek ευόρνιθες meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to Sinornis.
Eurasian blue tit
The Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is a small passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae.
See Bird and Eurasian blue tit
Eurasian eagle-owl
The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is a species of eagle-owl, a type of bird that resides in much of Eurasia.
See Bird and Eurasian eagle-owl
Eurasian golden oriole
The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), also called the common golden oriole, is the only member of the Old World oriole family of passerine birds breeding in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions.
See Bird and Eurasian golden oriole
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygiformes is an order formed by the kagus, comprising two species in the family Rhynochetidae endemic to New Caledonia, and the sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) from the tropical regions of the Americas.
Eurypygimorphae
Eurypygimorphae or Phaethontimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds) and Eurypygiformes (kagu and sunbittern) recovered by genome analysis.
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Evolution (journal)
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, is a monthly scientific journal that publishes significant new results of empirical or theoretical investigations concerning facts, processes, mechanics, or concepts of evolutionary phenomena and events.
See Bird and Evolution (journal)
Evolution of birds
The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period, with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropod dinosaurs named Paraves. Bird and evolution of birds are birds.
See Bird and Evolution of birds
Evolutionary radiation
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity that is caused by elevated rates of speciation, that may or may not be associated with an increase in morphological disparity.
See Bird and Evolutionary radiation
Ex situ conservation
Svalbard Global Seed Bank, an ''ex situ'' conservation. Ex situ conservation is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety, or breed of plant or animal outside its natural habitat.
See Bird and Ex situ conservation
Extinction
Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.
Extra-pair copulation
Extra-pair copulation (EPC) is a mating behaviour in monogamous species.
See Bird and Extra-pair copulation
Falcon
Falcons are birds of prey in the genus Falco, which includes about 40 species. Some small species of falcons with long, narrow wings are called hobbies, and some that hover while hunting are called kestrels. Falcons are widely distributed on all continents of the world except Antarctica, though closely related raptors did occur there in the Eocene.
See Bird and Falcon
Falconiformes
The order Falconiformes is represented by the extant family Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species.
Falconry
Falconry is the hunting of wild animals in their natural state and habitat by means of a trained bird of prey.
Family (biology)
Family (familia,: familiae) is one of the nine major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
Feather
Feathers are epidermal growths that form a distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on both avian (bird) and some non-avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs.
See Bird and Feather
Feathered dinosaur
A feathered dinosaur is any species of dinosaur possessing feathers. Bird and feathered dinosaur are feathered dinosaurs.
See Bird and Feathered dinosaur
Fecal sac
A fecal sac (also spelled faecal sac) is a mucous membrane, generally white or clear with a dark end, that surrounds the feces of some species of nestling birds. Bird and fecal sac are birds.
Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.
See Bird and Female
Female sperm storage
Female sperm storage is a biological process and often a type of sexual selection in which sperm cells transferred to a female during mating are temporarily retained within a specific part of the reproductive tract before the oocyte, or egg, is fertilized.
See Bird and Female sperm storage
Fibrous joint
In anatomy, fibrous joints are joints connected by fibrous tissue, consisting mainly of collagen.
Filter feeder
Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and zooplanktons) suspended in water, typically by having the water pass over or through a specialized filtering organ.
Finch
The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae.
See Bird and Finch
Fisherian runaway
Fisherian runaway or runaway selection is a sexual selection mechanism proposed by the mathematical biologist Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century, to account for the evolution of ostentatious male ornamentation by persistent, directional female choice.
See Bird and Fisherian runaway
Flamingo
Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes.
Fledge
Fledging is the stage in a flying animal's life between hatching or birth and becoming capable of flight.
See Bird and Fledge
Flight feather
Flight feathers (Pennae volatus) are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired pennaceous feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges, singular remex, while those on the tail are called rectrices, singular rectrix. Bird and Flight feather are birds.
Flightless bird
Flightless birds have, through evolution, lost the ability to fly.
Flock (birds)
A flock is a gathering of individual birds to forage or travel collectively. Bird and flock (birds) are birds.
Flocking
Flocking is the behavior exhibited when a group of birds, called a flock, are foraging or in flight.
Flying and gliding animals
A number of animals are capable of aerial locomotion, either by powered flight or by gliding.
See Bird and Flying and gliding animals
Forelimb
A forelimb or front limb is one of the paired articulated appendages (limbs) attached on the cranial (anterior) end of a terrestrial tetrapod vertebrate's torso.
Formic acid
Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure.
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
See Bird and Fossil
Fovea centralis
The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye.
Fowl
Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes).
See Bird and Fowl
Francis Willughby
Francis Willughby (sometimes spelt Willoughby, Franciscus Willughbeius) FRS (22 November 1635 – 3 July 1672) was an English ornithologist, ichthyologist, mathematician and an early student of linguistics and games.
See Bird and Francis Willughby
Frigatebird
Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans.
Frogmouth
The frogmouths (Podargidae) are a group of nocturnal birds related to owlet-nightjars, swifts, and hummingbirds.
Frugivore
A frugivore is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds.
Galah
The galah (Eolophus roseicapilla), less commonly known as the pink and grey cockatoo or rose-breasted cockatoo, is an Australian species of cockatoo and the only member of the genus Eolophus.
See Bird and Galah
Gallbladder
In vertebrates, the gallbladder, also known as the cholecyst, is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine.
Galliformes
Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl.
Game (hunting)
Game or quarry is any wild animal hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies.
Gansus
Gansus is a genus of aquatic birds that lived during the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) period in what are now Gansu and Liaoning provinces, western China.
See Bird and Gansus
Gas exchange
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.
Gaviiformes
Gaviiformes is an order of aquatic birds containing the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives.
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF).
See Bird and General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
See Bird and Genome
Gentoo penguin
The gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a penguin species (or possibly a species complex) in the genus Pygoscelis, most closely related to the Adélie penguin (P. adeliae) and the chinstrap penguin (P. antarcticus).
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
See Bird and Germany
Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis).
Gizzard
The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (birds and other dinosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, pterosaurs), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans.
See Bird and Gizzard
Gleaning (birds)
Gleaning is a feeding strategy by birds in which they catch invertebrate prey, mainly arthropods, by plucking them from foliage or the ground, from crevices such as rock faces and under the eaves of houses, or even, as in the case of ticks and lice, from living animals.
Glossary of bird terms
The following is a glossary of common English language terms used in the description of birds—warm-blooded vertebrates of the class Aves and the only living dinosaurs. Bird and glossary of bird terms are birds.
See Bird and Glossary of bird terms
Golden eagle
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere.
Gondwana
Gondwana was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent.
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female.
Goose
A goose (geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae.
See Bird and Goose
Great frigatebird
The great frigatebird (Fregata minor) is a large seabird in the frigatebird family.
See Bird and Great frigatebird
Great tit
The great tit (Parus major) is a small passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.
Greater roadrunner
The greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) is a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from the Aridoamerica region in the Southwestern United States and Mexico.
See Bird and Greater roadrunner
Grebe
Grebes are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes.
See Bird and Grebe
Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is a North American island autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Grey crowned crane
The grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum), also known as the African crowned crane, golden crested crane, golden crowned crane, East African crane, East African crowned crane, African crane, Eastern crowned crane, Kavirondo crane, South African crane, and crested crane, is a bird in the crane family, Gruidae.
See Bird and Grey crowned crane
Grey heron
The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a long-legged wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae, native throughout temperate Europe and Asia, and also parts of Africa.
Grouse
Grouse are a group of birds from the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae.
See Bird and Grouse
Gruiformes
The Gruiformes are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity.
Gruimorphae
Gruimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Charadriiformes (plovers, gulls, and allies) and Gruiformes (cranes and rails) identified by molecular analysis.
Grumman HU-16 Albatross
The Grumman HU-16 Albatross is a large, twin–radial engined amphibious seaplane that was used by the United States Air Force (USAF), the U.S. Navy (USN), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the Royal Canadian Air Force primarily as a search and rescue (SAR) aircraft.
See Bird and Grumman HU-16 Albatross
Guano
Guano (Spanish from wanu) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats.
See Bird and Guano
Gull
Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari.
See Bird and Gull
Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species.
See Bird and Habitat destruction
Hanging parrot
Hanging parrots are birds in the genus Loriculus, a group of small parrots from tropical southern Asia.
Hans Friedrich Gadow
Hans Friedrich Gadow (8 March 1855 – 16 May 1928) was a German-born ornithologist who worked in Britain.
See Bird and Hans Friedrich Gadow
Harrier jump jet
The Harrier, informally referred to as the Harrier jump jet, is a family of jet-powered attack aircraft capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing operations (V/STOL).
Hawk
Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae.
See Bird and Hawk
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ found in most animals.
See Bird and Heart
Heart valve
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart.
Helm Identification Guides
The Helm Identification Guides are a series of books that identify groups of birds.
See Bird and Helm Identification Guides
Helpers at the nest
Helpers at the nest is a term used in behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology to describe a social structure in which juveniles and sexually mature adolescents of either one or both sexes remain in association with their parents and help them raise subsequent broods or litters, instead of dispersing and beginning to reproduce themselves. Bird and Helpers at the nest are birds.
See Bird and Helpers at the nest
Heraldry
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree.
Heron
Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons.
See Bird and Heron
Hesperornithes
Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized group of aquatic avialans closely related to the ancestors of modern birds.
Hibernation
Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species.
History of Iran
The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was commonly known in the Western world) is intertwined with that of Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning the area between Anatolia in the west and the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east, and between the Caucasus and Eurasian Steppe in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
History of Italy
The European country of Italy has been inhabited by humans since at least 850,000 years ago.
Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere.
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.
Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
See Bird and Homer
Homing pigeon
The homing pigeon is a variety of domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), selectively bred for its ability to find its way home over extremely long distances.
Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.
See Bird and Homology (biology)
Honeyguide
Honeyguides (family Indicatoridae) are a family birds in the order Piciformes.
Hongshanornithidae
Hongshanornithidae is an extinct group of early ornithuromorph birds from the early Cretaceous period of China.
See Bird and Hongshanornithidae
Hook-billed vanga
The hook-billed vanga (Vanga curvirostris) is a species of bird in the family Vangidae.
See Bird and Hook-billed vanga
Hoopoe
Hoopoes are colourful birds found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, notable for their distinctive "crown" of feathers which can be raised or lowered at will.
See Bird and Hoopoe
Hornbill
Hornbills are birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia of the family Bucerotidae.
Horned owl
The American (North and South America) horned owls and the Old World eagle-owls make up the genus Bubo, at least as traditionally described.
House sparrow
The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world.
House wren
The house wren (Troglodytes aedon) is a very small bird of the wren family, Troglodytidae.
Huginn and Muninn
In Norse mythology, Huginn (Old Norse "thought".) and Muninn (Old Norse "memory". or "mind"Lindow (2001:186).) are a pair of ravens that fly all over the world, Midgard, and bring information to the god Odin.
See Bird and Huginn and Muninn
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae.
Humphrey–Parkes terminology
Humphrey–Parkes terminology is a system of nomenclature for the plumage of birds. Bird and Humphrey–Parkes terminology are birds.
See Bird and Humphrey–Parkes terminology
Hunting
Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, and killing wildlife or feral animals.
See Bird and Hunting
Hypercarnivore
A hypercarnivore is an animal which has a diet that is more than 70% meat, either via active predation or by scavenging.
Ibis
The ibis (collective plural ibises; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains.
See Bird and Ibis
Ibis (journal)
Ibis (formerly The Ibis), subtitled the International Journal of Avian Science, is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the British Ornithologists' Union.
Iceland
Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe.
See Bird and Iceland
Ichthyornis
Ichthyornis (meaning "fish bird", after its fish-like vertebrae) is an extinct genus of toothy seabird-like ornithuran from the late Cretaceous period of North America.
Icterid
Icterids or New World blackbirds make up a family, the Icteridae, of small to medium-sized, often colorful, New World passerine birds.
See Bird and Icterid
In-situ conservation
In situ conservation is the on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species.
See Bird and In-situ conservation
Inanna
Inanna is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility.
See Bird and Inanna
Inbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness that has the potential to result from inbreeding (the breeding of related individuals).
See Bird and Inbreeding depression
Indian peafowl
The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), also known as the common peafowl or blue peafowl, is a peafowl species native to the Indian subcontinent.
Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.
Insect
Insects (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta.
See Bird and Insect
Insectivore
robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects.
Integrative and Comparative Biology
Integrative and Comparative Biology is the scientific journal for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Society of Zoologists).
See Bird and Integrative and Comparative Biology
Integument
In biology, an integument is the tissue surrounding an organism's body or an organ within, such as skin, a husk, shell, germ or rind.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
See Bird and International Union for Conservation of Nature
Introduced species
An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, directly or indirectly, and either deliberately or accidentally.
See Bird and Introduced species
Intromittent organ
An intromittent organ is any external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation.
See Bird and Intromittent organ
Invasive species
An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Bird and Iran
Island gigantism
Island gigantism, or insular gigantism, is a biological phenomenon in which the size of an animal species isolated on an island increases dramatically in comparison to its mainland relatives.
Jacana (genus)
Jacana is the genus comprising the two jacanas of the Americas: the northern jacana (Jacana spinosa), and the wattled jacana (Jacana jacana).
Jacques Gauthier
Jacques Armand Gauthier (born June 7, 1948, in New York City) is an American vertebrate paleontologist, comparative morphologist, and systematist, and one of the founders of the use of cladistics in biology.
Jamaican ibis
The Jamaican ibis, Jamaican flightless ibis or clubbed-wing ibis (Xenicibis xympithecus) is an extinct bird species of the ibis subfamily uniquely characterized by its club-like wings.
Jeholornis
Jeholornis (meaning "Jehol bird") is a genus of avialan dinosaurs that lived between approximately 122 and 120 million years ago during the early Cretaceous Period in China.
Jianchangornis
Jianchangornis a genus of basal ornithuromorph dinosaurs.
Jinfengopteryx
Jinfengopteryx (from Jinfeng, 'golden phoenix', the queen of birds in Chinese folklore, and πτερυξ pteryx, meaning 'feather') is a genus of maniraptoran dinosaur. Bird and Jinfengopteryx are feathered dinosaurs.
Jixiangornis
Jixiangornis is a genus of basal avialan dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous.
John James Audubon
John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin, April 26, 1785 – January 27, 1851) was a French-American self-trained artist, naturalist, and ornithologist.
See Bird and John James Audubon
John Ray
John Ray FRS (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was a Christian English naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists.
Jon E. Ahlquist
Jon Edward Ahlquist (27 July 1944 –7 May 2020) was an American molecular biologist and ornithologist who has specialized in molecular phylogenetics.
Jonah
Jonah or Jonas is a Jewish prophet in the Hebrew Bible hailing from Gath-hepher in the Northern Kingdom of Israel around the 8th century BCE.
See Bird and Jonah
Journal of Animal Ecology
The Journal of Animal Ecology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research in all areas of animal ecology.
See Bird and Journal of Animal Ecology
Journal of Avian Biology
The Journal of Avian Biology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of ornithology published by Wiley on behalf of the Nordic Society Oikos (NSO) in collaboration with Oikos, Nordic Journal of Botany, Wildlife Biology, Lindbergia and Ecography.
See Bird and Journal of Avian Biology
Journal of Zoology
The Journal of Zoology is a scientific journal concerning zoology, the study of animals.
See Bird and Journal of Zoology
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.
Kagu
The kagu or cagou (Rhynochetos jubatus) is a crested, long-legged, and bluish-grey bird endemic to the dense mountain forests of New Caledonia.
See Bird and Kagu
Kōkako
Kōkako are two species of forest bird in the genus Callaeas which are endemic to New Zealand, the endangered North Island kōkako (Callaeas wilsoni) and the presumed extinct South Island kōkako (Callaeas cinereus).
See Bird and Kōkako
Keel (bird anatomy)
A keel or carina (carinae) in bird anatomy is an extension of the sternum (breastbone) which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs.
See Bird and Keel (bird anatomy)
Keel-billed toucan
The keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus), also known as sulfur-breasted toucan, keel toucan, or rainbow-billed toucan, is a colorful Latin American member of the toucan family.
See Bird and Keel-billed toucan
Kererū
The kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) or New Zealand pigeon is a species of pigeon native to New Zealand.
See Bird and Kererū
Kestrel
The term kestrel (from crécerelle, derivative from crécelle, i.e. ratchet) is the common name given to several species of predatory birds from the falcon genus Falco.
See Bird and Kestrel
Kidney
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.
See Bird and Kidney
Kingfisher
Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes.
Kiwi (bird)
Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand of the order Apterygiformes.
Kleptoparasitism
Kleptoparasitism (originally spelt clepto-parasitism, meaning "parasitism by theft") is a form of feeding in which one animal deliberately takes food from another.
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale.
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.
Laysan albatross
The Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) is a large seabird that ranges across the North Pacific.
Lek mating
A lek is an aggregation of male animals gathered to engage in competitive displays and courtship rituals, known as lekking, to entice visiting females which are surveying prospective partners with which to mate.
Liaoning
Liaoning is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region.
Linnaean taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts.
See Bird and Linnaean taxonomy
List of bird genera
List of bird genera concerns the chordata class of aves or birds, characterised by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, and a high metabolic rate.
See Bird and List of bird genera
List of birds of North America
The lists of birds in the light blue box below are divided by biological family.
See Bird and List of birds of North America
List of Germanic deities
In Germanic paganism, the indigenous religion of the ancient Germanic peoples who inhabit Germanic Europe, there were a number of different gods and goddesses.
See Bird and List of Germanic deities
List of individual birds
This is a list of well-known real birds.
See Bird and List of individual birds
List of Mesopotamian deities
Deities in ancient Mesopotamia were almost exclusively anthropomorphic.
See Bird and List of Mesopotamian deities
List of national birds
This is a list of national birds, including official birds of overseas territories and other states described as nations.
See Bird and List of national birds
Little owl
The little owl (Athene noctua), also known as the owl of Athena or owl of Minerva, is a bird that inhabits much of the temperate and warmer parts of Europe, the Palearctic east to Korea, and North Africa.
Lizard
Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
See Bird and Lizard
Longline fishing
Longline fishing, or longlining, is a commercial fishing angling technique that uses a long main line with baited hooks attached at intervals via short branch lines called snoods or gangions.
Loon
Loons (North American English) or divers (British / Irish English) are a group of aquatic birds found in much of North America and northern Eurasia.
See Bird and Loon
Loriini
Loriini is a tribe of small to medium-sized arboreal parrots characterized by their specialized brush-tipped tongues for feeding on nectar of various blossoms and soft fruits, preferably berries.
See Bird and Loriini
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
See Bird and Ludwig van Beethoven
Lynx Nature Books
Lynx Nature Books is a Spanish publishing company specializing in ornithology and natural history.
See Bird and Lynx Nature Books
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem.
Magellanic penguin
The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Patagonia, including Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil and Uruguay, where they are occasionally seen as far north as Espírito Santo.
See Bird and Magellanic penguin
Makemake (deity)
Makemake (also written as Make-make; pronounced in Rapa Nui) in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island is the creator of humanity, the god of fertility and the chief god of the "Tangata manu" or bird-man sect (this sect succeeded the island's more famous Moai era).
Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation.
See Bird and Male
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
See Bird and Mammal
Maniraptora
Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes the birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox.
Manx shearwater
The Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.
Marine mammal
Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence.
Masked booby
The masked booby (Sula dactylatra), also called the masked gannet or the blue-faced booby, is a large seabird of the booby and gannet family, Sulidae.
Mating
In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction.
See Bird and Mating
Māori people
Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand (Aotearoa).
Megapode
The megapodes, also known as incubator birds or mound-builders, are stocky, medium-large, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet in the family Megapodiidae.
Melanesia
Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Mesite
The mesites (Mesitornithidae) are a family of birds that are part of a clade (Columbimorphae) that include Columbiformes and Pterocliformes.
See Bird and Mesite
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
Metabolic waste
Metabolic wastes or excrements are substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration) which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted.
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes).
Micronesia
Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of approximately 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Microraptor
Microraptor (Greek, μικρός, mīkros: "small"; Latin, raptor: "one who seizes") is a genus of small, four-winged dromaeosaurid dinosaurs. Bird and Microraptor are feathered dinosaurs.
Mirandornithes
Mirandornithes is a clade that consists of flamingos and grebes.
Mixed-species foraging flock
A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. Bird and mixed-species foraging flock are birds.
See Bird and Mixed-species foraging flock
Moa
Moa (order Dinornithiformes) are an extinct group of flightless birds formerly endemic to New Zealand.
See Bird and Moa
Mobbing (animal behavior)
Mobbing in animals is an antipredator adaptation in which individuals of prey species cooperatively attack or harass a predator, usually to protect their offspring.
See Bird and Mobbing (animal behavior)
Molecular clock
The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.
Monk parakeet
The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus), also known as the monk parrot or Quaker parrot, is a species of true parrot in the family Psittacidae.
Monochromacy
Monochromacy (from Greek mono, meaning "one" and chromo, meaning "color") is the ability of organisms to perceive only light intensity without respect to spectral composition.
Monogamy in animals
Monogamous pairing in animals refers to the natural history of mating systems in which species pair bond to raise offspring.
See Bird and Monogamy in animals
Mosaic evolution
Mosaic evolution (or modular evolution) is the concept, mainly from palaeontology, that evolutionary change takes place in some body parts or systems without simultaneous changes in other parts.
Most recent common ancestor
In biology and genetic genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA), also known as the last common ancestor (LCA), of a set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms of the set are descended.
See Bird and Most recent common ancestor
Moulting
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.
Mousebird
The mousebirds are birds in the order Coliiformes.
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.
Mute swan
The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae.
Muttonbirding
Muttonbirding is the seasonal harvesting of the chicks of petrels, especially shearwater species, for food, oil and feathers by recreational or commercial hunters.
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.
See Bird and Mutualism (biology)
Myna
The mynas (also spelled mynah) are a group of birds in the starling family (Sturnidae).
See Bird and Myna
Natufian culture
Natufian culture is a Late Epipaleolithic archaeological culture of the Neolithic prehistoric Levant in Western Asia, dating to around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago.
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection.
See Bird and Nectar
Nectarivore
In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants.
Neoaves
Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Palaeognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin).
See Bird and Neoaves
Neognathae
Neognathae is an infraclass of birds, called neognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria.
Neoteny
Neoteny, also called juvenilization,Montagu, A. (1989).
See Bird and Neoteny
Nervous system
In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity).
New Guinea
New Guinea (Hiri Motu: Niu Gini; Papua, fossilized Nugini, or historically Irian) is the world's second-largest island, with an area of.
New World vulture
Cathartidae, known commonly as New World vultures or condors, are a family of birds of prey consisting of seven extant species in five genera.
See Bird and New World vulture
New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Nictitating membrane
The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus to protect and moisten it while maintaining vision.
See Bird and Nictitating membrane
Nidifugous and nidicolous organisms
In biology, nidifugous organisms are those that leave the nest shortly after hatching or birth.
See Bird and Nidifugous and nidicolous organisms
Nightjar
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills.
Nocturnality
Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.
Norfolk parakeet
The Norfolk parakeet (Cyanoramphus cookii), also called Tasman parakeet, Norfolk Island green parrot or Norfolk Island red-crowned parakeet, is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae.
Notopalaeognathae
Notopalaeognathae is a clade that contains the order Rheiformes (rheas), the clade Novaeratitae (which includes the cassowaries and emus, the kiwis, and the extinct elephant birds), and the clade Dinocrypturi (comprising the tinamous and the extinct moas).
See Bird and Notopalaeognathae
Nuptial gift
Formally, a nuptial gift is a material presentation to a recipient by a donor during or in relation to sexual intercourse that is not simply gametes in order to improve the reproductive fitness of the donor.
Odin
Odin (from Óðinn) is a widely revered god in Germanic paganism.
See Bird and Odin
Odyssey
The Odyssey (Odýsseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
See Bird and Odyssey
Oecologia
Oecologia is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976).
Oikos (journal)
Oikos is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of ecology.
Oil spill
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.
Oilbird
The oilbird (Steatornis caripensis), locally known as the, is a bird species found in the northern areas of South America including the Caribbean island of Trinidad.
See Bird and Oilbird
Old World sparrow
Old World sparrows are a group of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae.
See Bird and Old World sparrow
Olivier Messiaen
Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (10 December 1908 – 27 April 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist.
Omnivore
An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.
Opisthocomidae
Opisthocomidae is a family of birds, the only named family within the order Opisthocomiformes.
Orbit (anatomy)
In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.
Order (biology)
Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
Origin of birds
The scientific question of within which larger group of animals birds evolved has traditionally been called the "origin of birds". Bird and Origin of birds are dinosaurs.
Ornitholestes
Ornitholestes (meaning "bird robber") is a small theropod dinosaur of the late Jurassic (Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, middle Kimmeridgian age, about 154 million years agoTurner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999). "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp.
Ornithological Applications
Ornithological Applications, formerly The Condor and The Condor: Ornithological Applications, is a peer-reviewed quarterly scientific journal covering ornithology.
See Bird and Ornithological Applications
Ornithology
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.
Ornithology (journal)
Ornithology, formerly The Auk and The Auk: Ornithological Advances, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official publication of the American Ornithological Society (AOS).
See Bird and Ornithology (journal)
Ornithomimosauria
Ornithomimosauria ("bird-mimic lizards") are theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to the modern-day ostrich.
See Bird and Ornithomimosauria
Ornithothoraces
Ornithothoraces is a group of avialan dinosaurs that includes all enantiornithes ("opposite birds") and the euornithes ("true birds"), which includes modern birds and their closest ancestors.
Ornithurae
Ornithurae (meaning "bird tails" in Greek) is a natural group which includes the common ancestor of Ichthyornis, Hesperornis, and all modern birds as well as all other descendants of that common ancestor.
Ostrich
Ostriches are large flightless birds.
See Bird and Ostrich
Otidimorphae
Otidimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Cuculiformes (cuckoos), Musophagiformes (turacos), and Otidiformes (bustards) identified in 2014 by genome analysis.
Ottorino Respighi
Ottorino Respighi (9 July 187918 April 1936) was an Italian composer, violinist, teacher, and musicologist and one of the leading Italian composers of the early 20th century.
See Bird and Ottorino Respighi
Outcrossing
Out-crossing or out-breeding is the technique of crossing between different breeds.
Ovary
The ovary is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova.
See Bird and Ovary
Oviduct
The oviduct in vertebrates is the passageway from an ovary.
See Bird and Oviduct
Oviparity
Oviparous animals are animals that reproduce by depositing fertilized zygotes outside the body (known as laying or spawning) in metabolically independent incubation organs known as eggs, which nurture the embryo into moving offsprings known as hatchlings with little or no embryonic development within the mother.
Oviraptorosauria
Oviraptorosaurs ("egg thief lizards") are a group of feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period of what are now Asia and North America.
Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes, which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight.
See Bird and Owl
Owl of Athena
In Greek mythology, a little owl (Athene noctua) traditionally represents or accompanies Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom, or Minerva, her syncretic incarnation in Roman mythology.
Owlet-nightjar
Owlet-nightjars are small crepuscular birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Bird and Oxford University Press
Oxfordian (stage)
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series.
See Bird and Oxfordian (stage)
Oxpecker
The oxpeckers are two species of bird which make up the genus Buphagus, and family Buphagidae.
Palaeognathae
Palaeognathae is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or palaeognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria.
Paleontology
Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
Paleotropical Kingdom
The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom composed of the tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan.
See Bird and Paleotropical Kingdom
Palm cockatoo
The palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), also known as the goliath cockatoo or great black cockatoo, is a large, smoky-grey/black parrot of the cockatoo family native to New Guinea, the Aru Islands and the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia.
Pangalloanserae
Pangalloanserae is a clade of birds defined in a 2001 study by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz as "most inclusive clade containing Galloanserae but not Neoaves".
Pantestudines
Pantestudines or Pan-Testudines is the proposed group of all reptiles more closely related to turtles than to any other living animal.
Parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
Paraves
Paraves are a widespread group of theropod dinosaurs that originated in the Middle Jurassic period.
See Bird and Paraves
Parental investment
Parental investment, in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure (e.g. time, energy, resources) that benefits offspring.
See Bird and Parental investment
Parrot
Parrots (Psittaciformes), also known as psittacines, are birds with a strong curved beak, upright stance, and clawed feet.
See Bird and Parrot
Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis (from the Greek παρθένος|translit.
Partridge
A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa.
Passerine
A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes (from Latin passer 'sparrow' and formis '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species.
Patagopteryx
Patagopteryx is an extinct monotypic genus of euornithean dinosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous, around 80 mya, in what is now the Sierra Barrosa in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina.
Paternal care
In biology, paternal care is parental investment provided by a male to his own offspring.
Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a Nobel Prize-winning German physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology and antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Peacock Throne
The Peacock Throne (Hindustani: Mayūrāsana, Sanskrit: मयूरासन, Urdu: تخت طاؤس, تخت طاووس, Takht-i Tāvūs) was the imperial throne of Hindustan.
Peafowl
Peafowl is a common name for two bird species of the genus Pavo and one species of the closely related genus Afropavo within the tribe Pavonini of the family Phasianidae (the pheasants and their allies).
See Bird and Peafowl
Pecten oculi
The pecten or pecten oculi is a comb-like structure of blood vessels belonging to the choroid in the eye of a bird. Bird and pecten oculi are birds.
Pelecaniformes
The Pelecaniformes are an order of medium-sized and large waterbirds found worldwide.
Pelican
Pelicans (genus Pelecanus) are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae.
See Bird and Pelican
Pellet (ornithology)
A pellet, in ornithology, is the mass of undigested parts of a bird's food that some bird species occasionally regurgitate.
See Bird and Pellet (ornithology)
Pelvis
The pelvis (pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton).
See Bird and Pelvis
Pengornis
Pengornis is the largest known enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northeast China.
Penguin
Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds from the family Spheniscidae of the order Sphenisciformes.
See Bird and Penguin
Penis
A penis (penises or penes) is a male sex organ that is used to inseminate female or hermaphrodite animals during copulation.
See Bird and Penis
Pennaceous feather
The pennaceous feather is a type of feather present in most modern birds and in some other species of maniraptoriform dinosaurs.
See Bird and Pennaceous feather
Pericardium
The pericardium (pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
Pest (organism)
A pest is any organism harmful to humans or human concerns.
Pesticide
Pesticides are substances that are used to control pests.
Petrel
Petrels are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes.
See Bird and Petrel
Phaethontiformes
The Phaethontiformes are an order of birds.
Phaethoquornithes
Phaethoquornithes is a clade of birds that contains Eurypygimorphae and Aequornithes, which was first recovered by genome analysis in 2014.
See Bird and Phaethoquornithes
Phalarope
A phalarope is any of three living species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus Phalaropus of the bird family Scolopacidae.
Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl.
Pheasant
Pheasants are birds of several genera within the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes.
Pheasant-tailed jacana
The pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) is a jacana in the monotypic genus Hydrophasianus.
See Bird and Pheasant-tailed jacana
Philip J. Currie
Philip John Currie (born March 13, 1949) is a Canadian palaeontologist and museum curator who helped found the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta and is now a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.
Phoenicopteriformes
Phoenicopteriformes is a group of water birds which comprises flamingos and their extinct relatives.
See Bird and Phoenicopteriformes
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.
See Bird and Photoreceptor cell
PhyloCode
The International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, known as the PhyloCode for short, is a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature.
Phylogenetic nomenclature
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below.
See Bird and Phylogenetic nomenclature
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.
Piciformes
Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes, the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives.
Picocoraciae
Picocoraciae is a clade that contains the order Bucerotiformes (hornbills and hoopoes) and the clade Picodynastornithes (containing birds like kingfishers and rollers, and woodpeckers and toucans) supported by various genetic analysisNaish, D. (2012).
Picodynastornithes
Picodynastornithes is a clade that contains the orders Coraciiformes (rollers and kingfishers) and Piciformes (woodpeckers and toucans).
See Bird and Picodynastornithes
Pitohui
The pitohuis are bird species endemic to New Guinea.
See Bird and Pitohui
Platypus
The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania.
Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.
See Bird and Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy
Plumage
Plumage is a layer of feathers that covers a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers.
See Bird and Plumage
Polar regions of Earth
The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles.
See Bird and Polar regions of Earth
Polaris
Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor.
See Bird and Polaris
Polyandry in animals
In behavioral ecology, polyandry is a class of mating system where one female mates with several males in a breeding season.
See Bird and Polyandry in animals
Polygynandry
Polygynandry is a mating system in which both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season.
Polygyny in animals
Polygyny (from Neo-Greek) is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a few males.
See Bird and Polygyny in animals
Polynesia
Polynesia is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean.
Potoo
Potoos (family Nyctibiidae) are a group of birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths.
See Bird and Potoo
Pouākai
The pouākai (also spelled poukai) is a monstrous bird in Māori mythology.
See Bird and Pouākai
Poultry
Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of harvesting animal products such as meat, eggs or feathers.
See Bird and Poultry
Precociality and altriciality
Precocial species in birds and mammals are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching.
See Bird and Precociality and altriciality
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
Prion (bird)
The prions or whalebirds are small petrels in the genera Pachyptila and Halobaena.
Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society.
See Bird and Proceedings of the Royal Society
Procellariiformes
Procellariiformes is an order of seabirds that comprises four families: the albatrosses, the petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels.
See Bird and Procellariiformes
Proctodeum
A proctodeum is the back ectodermal part of an alimentary canal.
Protopteryx
Protopteryx is an extinct bird and possibly the basalmost enantiornithean, from the Cretaceous period.
Psittacopasseres
Psittacopasseres is a taxon of birds consisting of the Passeriformes (passerines, a large group of perching birds) and Psittaciformes (parrots).
Psittacosis
Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease in humans caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels, and budgerigars, and from pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of birds.
Pterosaur
Pterosaurs (from Greek pteron and sauros, meaning "wing lizard") are an extinct clade of flying reptiles in the order Pterosauria.
Purple-crowned fairywren
The purple-crowned fairywren (Malurus coronatus) is a species of bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae.
See Bird and Purple-crowned fairywren
Pygostyle
Pygostyle describes a skeletal condition in which the final few caudal vertebrae are fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature.
Pygostylia
Pygostylia is a group of avialans which includes the Confuciusornithidae and all of the more advanced species, the Ornithothoraces.
Rahonavis
Rahonavis is a genus of bird-like theropod from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, from about 72.1 to 66 mya) of what is now northwestern Madagascar. Bird and Rahonavis are feathered dinosaurs.
Rail (bird)
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds.
Rainbow lorikeet
The rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) is a species of parrot found in Australia.
Ratite
A ratite is any of a group of mostly flightless birds within the infraclass Palaeognathae.
See Bird and Ratite
Red blood cell
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
Red kite
The red kite (Milvus milvus) is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers.
Red-crested turaco
The red-crested turaco (Tauraco erythrolophus) is a turaco, a group of African otidimorph birds.
See Bird and Red-crested turaco
Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome consisted of varying imperial and provincial religious practices, which were followed both by the people of Rome as well as those who were brought under its rule.
See Bird and Religion in ancient Rome
Religious symbol
A religious symbol is an iconic representation intended to represent a specific religion, or a specific concept within a given religion.
Reptile
Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development.
See Bird and Reptile
Respiratory system
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
See Bird and Respiratory system
Retina
The retina (or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
See Bird and Retina
Rheiformes
Rheiformes is an order that contains the family Rheidae (rheas).
Rifleman (bird)
The rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris) (titipounamu) is a small insectivorous passerine bird that is endemic to New Zealand.
Roadkill
Roadkill is a wild animal that has been killed by collision with motor vehicles.
Roc (mythology)
The roc is an enormous legendary bird of prey in the popular mythology of the Middle East.
Rock dove
The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon (also; Columba livia) is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons).
Rodrigues solitaire
The Rodrigues solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria) is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Rodrigues, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
See Bird and Rodrigues solitaire
Ruby-throated hummingbird
The ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is a species of hummingbird that generally spends the winter in Central America, Mexico, and Florida, and migrates to Canada and other parts of Eastern North America for the summer to breed.
See Bird and Ruby-throated hummingbird
Safety in numbers
Safety in numbers is the hypothesis that, by being part of a large physical group or mass, an individual is less likely to be the victim of a mishap, accident, attack, or other bad event.
See Bird and Safety in numbers
Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type.
Salt gland
The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets with his friend William Wordsworth.
See Bird and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Sandgrouse
Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae, a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes.
Sapeornis
Sapeornis is a monotypic genus of avialan dinosaurs which lived during the early Cretaceous period (late Barremian to early Aptian, roughly 125-120 mya).
Sarus crane
The sarus crane (Antigone antigone) is a large nonmigratory crane found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.
Scansoriopterygidae
Scansoriopterygidae (meaning "climbing wings") is an extinct family of climbing and gliding maniraptoran dinosaurs.
See Bird and Scansoriopterygidae
Scavenger
Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators.
Schizooura
Schizooura is a genus of basal ornithuromorph dinosaurs known from the Early Cretaceous of Jianchang, western Liaoning, China.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Bird and Science (journal)
Scops owl
Scops owls are typical owls in family Strigidae belonging to the genus Otus and are restricted to the Old World.
Screamer
The screamers are three South American bird species placed in family Anhimidae.
Seabird
Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.
See Bird and Seabird
Season
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region.
See Bird and Season
Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived.
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for something that encloses;: septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
See Bird and Septum
Serous fluid
In physiology, serous fluid or serosal fluid (originating from the Medieval Latin word serosus, from Latin serum) is any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow or transparent and of a benign nature.
Sex ratio
A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.
Sexual coercion among animals
Sexual coercion among animals is the use of violence, threats, harassment, and other tactics to help them forcefully copulate.
See Bird and Sexual coercion among animals
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.
See Bird and Sexual dimorphism
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
See Bird and Sexual reproduction
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
Shearwater
Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds in the petrel family Procellariidae.
Sheathbill
The sheathbills are a family of birds, Chionidae.
Shoebill
The shoebill (Balaeniceps rex), also known as the whalebill, whale-headed stork, and shoe-billed stork, is a large long-legged wading bird.
Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds
The Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy is a bird taxonomy proposed by Charles Sibley and Jon E. Ahlquist.
See Bird and Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds
Sibling
A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person.
See Bird and Sibling
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.
See Bird and Signal transduction
Sinoatrial node
The sinoatrial node (also known as the sinuatrial node, SA node or sinus node) is an oval shaped region of special cardiac muscle in the upper back wall of the right atrium made up of cells known as pacemaker cells.
Skomer
Skomer or Skomer Island is an island off the coast of Pembrokeshire, in the community of Marloes and St Brides in west Wales.
See Bird and Skomer
Skua
The skuas are a group of predatory seabirds with seven species forming the genus Stercorarius, the only genus in the family Stercorariidae.
See Bird and Skua
Slow-wave sleep
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, is the third stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), where electroencephalography activity is characterised by slow delta waves.
Snake
Snakes are elongated, limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.
See Bird and Snake
Snipe
A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae.
See Bird and Snipe
Snow petrel
The snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) is the only member of the genus Pagodroma. It is one of only three birds that have been seen at the Geographic South Pole, along with the Antarctic petrel and the south polar skua, which has the most southerly breeding sites of any bird, inland in Antarctica.
Social status
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.
Sociality
Sociality is the degree to which individuals in an animal population tend to associate in social groups (gregariousness) and form cooperative societies.
Songbird
A songbird is a bird belonging to the suborder Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes).
Songlingornithidae
Songlingornithidae is a family of basal euornithean dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of China.
See Bird and Songlingornithidae
Sooty shearwater
The sooty shearwater (Ardenna grisea), or tītī, or muttonbird, is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.
Sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
See Bird and Sound
Southern cassowary
The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius), also known as double-wattled cassowary, Australian cassowary, or two-wattled cassowary, is a large flightless black bird, found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and northeastern Australia.
See Bird and Southern cassowary
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.
Southern pied babbler
The southern pied babbler (Turdoides bicolor) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae, found in dry savannah of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
See Bird and Southern pied babbler
Spangled drongo
The spangled drongo (Dicrurus bracteatus) is a bird of the family Dicruridae.
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
Sperm competition
Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction.
See Bird and Sperm competition
Spur-winged goose
The spur-winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis) is a large, Sub-Saharan African waterbird in the family Anatidae, which includes geese and shelducks.
See Bird and Spur-winged goose
Squamata
Squamata (Latin squamatus, 'scaly, having scales') is the largest order of reptiles, comprising lizards and snakes.
Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
See Bird and Stanford University
Steamer duck
The steamer ducks are a genus (Tachyeres) of ducks in the family Anatidae.
Steller's sea eagle
Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus), also known as Pacific sea eagle or white-shouldered eagle, is a very large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.
See Bird and Steller's sea eagle
Sternum
The sternum (sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.
See Bird and Sternum
Stomach oil
Stomach oil is the light oil composed of neutral dietary lipids found in the proventriculus (fore-gut) of birds in the order Procellariiformes.
Stork
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills.
See Bird and Stork
Strisores
Strisores, sometimes called nightbirds, is a clade of birds that includes the living families and orders Caprimulgidae (nightjars, nighthawks and allies), Nyctibiidae (potoos), Steatornithidae (oilbirds), Podargidae (frogmouths), Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds), as well as the Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars) whose distinctness was only recently realized.
Struthioniformes
Struthioniformes is an order of birds with only a single extant family, Struthionidae, containing the ostriches.
Sulidae
The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies.
See Bird and Sulidae
Suliformes
The order Suliformes (dubbed "Phalacrocoraciformes" by Christidis & Boles 2008) is an order recognised by the International Ornithologist's Union.
Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
See Bird and Sun
Sunbird
Sunbirds and spiderhunters make up the family Nectariniidae of passerine birds.
See Bird and Sunbird
Sunbittern
The sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas, and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.
Sweat gland
Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands,, are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
Swift (bird)
The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds.
Synsacrum
The synsacrum is a skeletal structure of birds and other dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae.
Synthliboramphus
Synthliboramphus is a small genus of seabirds in the auk family from the North Pacific.
Syrinx (bird anatomy)
The syrinx (from the Greek word "σύριγξ" for ''pan pipes'') is the vocal organ of birds.
See Bird and Syrinx (bird anatomy)
T. & A. D. Poyser
T.
See Bird and T. & A. D. Poyser
Tangata manu
The Tangata manu ("bird-man," from "human beings" + "bird") was the winner of a traditional ritual competition on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) to collect the first sooty tern egg of the season from the nearby islet of Motu Nui, swim back to Rapa Nui, and climb the sea cliffs of Rano Kau to the clifftop village of Orongo.
Taxonomic rank
In biology, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy.
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
See Bird and Taxonomy (biology)
Telluraves
Telluraves (also called land birds or core landbirds) is a recently defined clade of birds defined by their arboreality. Bird and Telluraves are birds.
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Bird and Temperate climate
Temperature-dependent sex determination
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is a type of environmental sex determination in which the temperatures experienced during embryonic/larval development determine the sex of the offspring.
See Bird and Temperature-dependent sex determination
Tern
Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae, subfamily Sterninae, that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands.
See Bird and Tern
Territory (animal)
In ethology, territory is the sociographical area that an animal consistently defends against conspecific competition (or, occasionally, against animals of other species) using agonistic behaviors or (less commonly) real physical aggression.
See Bird and Territory (animal)
Tetrachromacy
Tetrachromacy (from Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye.
The American Naturalist
The American Naturalist is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the American Society of Naturalists, whose purpose is "to advance and to diffuse knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles so as to enhance the conceptual unification of the biological sciences." It was established in 1867 and is published by the University of Chicago Press.
See Bird and The American Naturalist
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads.
See Bird and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
The Science of Nature
The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance.
See Bird and The Science of Nature
The Stationery Office
The Stationery Office (TSO) is a British publishing company created in 1996 when the publishing arm of His Majesty's Stationery Office was privatised.
See Bird and The Stationery Office
The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
The Wilson Journal of Ornithology (until 2006 The Wilson Bulletin) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Wilson Ornithological Society.
See Bird and The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.
Theropoda
Theropoda (from ancient Greek whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores.
Thoracic vertebrae
In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae.
See Bird and Thoracic vertebrae
Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future.
See Bird and Threatened species
Tiaojishan Formation
The Tiaojishan Formation is a geological formation in Hebei and Liaoning, People's Republic of China, dating to the middle-late Jurassic period (Bathonian-Oxfordian stages).
See Bird and Tiaojishan Formation
Tinamou
Tinamous are members of the order Tinamiformes, and family Tinamidae, divided into two distinct subfamilies, containing 46 species found in Mexico, Central America, and South America.
See Bird and Tinamou
Tooth-billed bowerbird
The tooth-billed bowerbird (Scenopoeetes dentirostris), also known as the stagemaker bowerbird or tooth-billed catbird, is a medium-sized (approximately long) bowerbird.
See Bird and Tooth-billed bowerbird
Torpor
Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually marked by a reduced body temperature and metabolic rate.
See Bird and Torpor
Torrent duck
The torrent duck (Merganetta armata) is a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae.
Transitional fossil
A transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group.
See Bird and Transitional fossil
Treecreeper
The treecreepers are a family, Certhiidae, of small passerine birds, widespread in wooded regions of the Northern Hemisphere and sub-Saharan Africa.
Treeswift
Treeswifts or crested swifts are a family, the Hemiprocnidae, of aerial near passerine birds, closely related to the true swifts.
Trogon
The trogons and quetzals are birds in the order Trogoniformes which contains only one family, the Trogonidae.
See Bird and Trogon
Troodon
Troodon (Troödon in older sources) is a former wastebasket taxon and a potentially dubious genus of relatively small, bird-like theropod dinosaurs definitively known from the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period (about 77 mya).
See Bird and Troodon
Troodontidae
Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous.
Tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator.
See Bird and Tropics
True parrot
The true parrots are about 350 species of hook-billed, mostly herbivorous birds forming the superfamily Psittacoidea, one of the three superfamilies in the biological order Psittaciformes (parrots).
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
Tuna
A tuna (tunas or tuna) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family.
See Bird and Tuna
Turaco
The turacos make up the bird family Musophagidae ("banana-eaters"), which includes plantain-eaters and go-away-birds.
See Bird and Turaco
Turkey vulture
The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) is the most widespread of the New World vultures.
Turtle
Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs.
See Bird and Turtle
Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus is a genus of large theropod dinosaur.
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
Urea
Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula.
See Bird and Urea
Uric acid
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.
Urohidrosis
Urohidrosis (sometimes misspelled "urohydrosis") is the habit in some birds of defecating onto the scaly portions of the legs as a cooling mechanism, using evaporative cooling of the fluids.
Uropygial gland
The uropygial gland, informally known as the preen gland or the oil gland, is a bilobed sebaceous gland possessed by the majority of birds used to distribute the gland's oil through the plumage by means of preening.
Vanellus
Vanellus is the genus of waders which provisionally contains all lapwings except red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus.
Vanescaves
Vanescaves is a probable clade of strisorean birds that include the clades Steatornithiformes (the oilbird), Nyctibiiformes (the potoos), Podargiformes (frogmouths), and Apodimorphae (owlet-nightjars, swifts, and hummingbirds).
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
Vasodilation
Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels.
Vegavis
Vegavis is a genus of extinct bird that lived in Antarctica during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous.
See Bird and Vegavis
Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.
See Bird and Ventricle (heart)
Vertebral column
The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Vexillology
Vexillology is the study of the history, symbolism and usage of flags or, by extension, any interest in flags in general.
Visual field
The visual field is "that portion of space in which objects are visible at the same moment during steady fixation of the gaze in one direction"; in ophthalmology and neurology the emphasis is mostly on the structure inside the visual field and it is then considered “the field of functional capacity obtained and recorded by means of perimetry”.
Visual impairment
Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.
See Bird and Visual impairment
Visual system
The visual system is the physiological basis of visual perception (the ability to detect and process light).
Vorona
Vorona (Malagasy for "bird", V. berivotrensis, "from Berivotra") is a monotypic genus of prehistoric birds.
See Bird and Vorona
Vulture
A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion.
See Bird and Vulture
Vulture fund
A vulture fund is a hedge fund, private-equity fund or distressed debt fund, that invests in debt considered to be very weak or in default, known as distressed securities.
Wader
A flock of Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wading along shorelines and mudflats in order to forage for food crawling or burrowing in the mud and sand, usually small arthropods such as aquatic insects or crustaceans.
See Bird and Wader
War of the Pacific
The War of the Pacific (Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Nitrate War (Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884.
See Bird and War of the Pacific
Warm-blooded
Warm-blooded is an informal term referring to animal species whose bodies maintain a temperature higher than that of their environment.
Water bird
A water bird, alternatively waterbird or aquatic bird, is a bird that lives on or around water. Bird and water bird are birds.
Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.
See Bird and Wax
White-tailed tropicbird
The white-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus) or yellow-billed tropicbird is a tropicbird.
See Bird and White-tailed tropicbird
White-throated sparrow
The white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) is a passerine bird of the New World sparrow family Passerellidae.
See Bird and White-throated sparrow
Wild turkey
The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is an upland game bird native to North America, one of two extant species of turkey and the heaviest member of the order Galliformes.
Wind turbine
A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.
Wing
A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid.
See Bird and Wing
Witchcraft
Witchcraft, as most commonly understood in both historical and present-day communities, is the use of alleged supernatural powers of magic.
Woodcock
The woodcocks are a group of seven or eight very similar living species of sandpipers in the genus Scolopax.
Woodpecker
Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks and sapsuckers.
Woodswallow
Woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds in the genus Artamus.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Xiaotingia
Xiaotingia is a genus of anchiornithid theropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic or early Late Jurassic deposits of western Liaoning, China, containing a single species, Xiaotingia zhengi. Bird and Xiaotingia are feathered dinosaurs.
XY sex-determination system
The XY sex-determination system is a sex-determination system used to classify many mammals, including humans, some insects (Drosophila), some snakes, some fish (guppies), and some plants (Ginkgo tree).
See Bird and XY sex-determination system
Yellow-headed caracara
The yellow-headed caracara (Daptrius chimachima) is new-world bird of prey in the family Falconidae, of the Falconiformes order (true falcons, caracaras and their kin).
See Bird and Yellow-headed caracara
Zebra finch
The zebra finches are two species of estrildid finch in the genus Taeniopygia found in Australia and Indonesia.
Zhongjianornis
Zhongjianornis is a genus of beaked, pigeon-sized birds from the early Cretaceous period of China.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society.
See Bird and Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Zoonosis
A zoonosis (plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human (usually a vertebrate) to a human and vice versa.
ZW sex-determination system
The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), the schistosome family of flatworms, and some reptiles, e.g. majority of snakes, lacertid lizards and monitors, including Komodo dragons.
See Bird and ZW sex-determination system
10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature.
See Bird and 10th edition of Systema Naturae
See also
Animal classes
- Anthozoa
- Beroidae
- Bird
- Hexacorallia
- Inarticulata
- Myxozoa
- Nemertodermatida
- Octocorallia
- Polyplacotomia
- Tentaculata
- Tube-dwelling anemone
- Uniplacotomia
- Vermes
Birds
- Avian sleep
- Bird
- Bird anatomy
- Bird behavior
- Bird conservation
- Bird migration
- Birdcage
- Birds and humans
- Birds of the Amazon
- Chorioallantoic membrane
- Climate change and birds
- Clutch (eggs)
- Evolution of birds
- Fecal sac
- Flight feather
- Flightless birds
- Flock (birds)
- Glossary of bird terms
- Helpers at the nest
- Hieraves
- Hoarding (animal behavior)
- Humphrey–Parkes terminology
- Hybridisation in birds
- Individual birds
- Introduced birds
- Kakyen
- List of terms used in bird topography
- Lists of birds
- Litusilvanae
- Mixed-species foraging flock
- National Geographic Field Guide to Birds of North America
- New World warbler
- Odontoanserae
- Outline of birds
- Pecten (biology)
- Pecten oculi
- Plucking post
- Prehistoric birds
- Rhea fossilis
- Rookery
- Skylarking (birds)
- Sort sol
- Telluraves
- Toxic bird
- Vinkensport
- Water bird
- Wattle (anatomy)
- Wingspan
Dinosaurs
- Attenborough and the Giant Dinosaur
- Bird
- Chicxulub crater
- Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
- Dinosaur
- Dinosaur classification
- Dinosaur taxonomy
- Dinosaurs in popular culture
- Glossary of dinosaur anatomy
- List of non-avian dinosaur species preserved with evidence of feathers
- Opisthotonic death pose
- Origin of birds
- Ornithischians
- Ornithoscelida
- Outline of dinosaurs
- Physiology of dinosaurs
- Phytodinosauria
- Protobird
- Saurischians
Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances
- Abalone
- Arowana
- Asparagales
- Bird
- Catenicellidae
- Catfish
- Cercidiphyllum
- Charonia
- Cribrilinidae
- Dermatemydidae
- Dorippoidea
- Echinoida
- Gibbula
- Haliotis
- Hornwort
- Iguanidae
- Isurus
- Lamnidae
- Metanephrops
- Newt
- Notacanthiformes
- Perciformes
- Phasmatodea
- Pomacanthus
- Potamonautes
- Salmonidae
- Sand shark
- Sicyonia
- Skate (fish)
- Squalidae
- Taxodium
- Temnopleuridea
- Volutomitra
Santonian first appearances
- Alvarezsauridae
- Bird
- Burmanniaceae
- Cretatriacanthidae
- Cunoniaceae
- Dakoticancroidea
- Dermochelyidae
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Hadrosauridae
- Nyctosauridae
- Pissarrachampsinae
References
Also known as Avafauna, Aves, Avian dinosaur, Avian dinosaurs, Avian proteins, Avian reproduction, Avians, Avifauna, Baby birds, Behavior of birds, Bird behaviour, Bird breeding, Bird reproduction, Birdness, Birds, Birds in folklore, Birds mating, Chick (bird), Chick (young bird), Chick guard stage, Chicks (young bird), Circulatory systems of birds, Class aves, Excretory systems of birds, Mantle (bird anatomy), Mating systems of birds, Modern bird, Modern birds, Neornithes, Neornithine, Neornithines, Nesting season, Nestling, Nestlings, Pet bird, Phylogeny of Aves, Roost site, Roosting, Sexual behavior of birds, Volucrine, .
, Asherah, Asian woolly-necked stork, Asio, Asteriornis, Athena, Athens, Atlantic puffin, Atrium (heart), Audubon, Augur, Auk, Auricle (anatomy), Aurornis, Austinornis, Austral snipe, Australasian wren, Australaves, Australian brushturkey, Australian magpie, Austrodyptornithes, Automixis, Avemetatarsalia, Avialae, Avian brain, Avian ecology field methods, Avian foraging, Avian influenza, Avian range expansion, Avian sleep, Aviculture, Avifilopluma, Avivore, Bacteria, Balaur bondoc, Bar-tailed godwit, Bar-throated minla, Barn swallow, Basal (phylogenetics), Beak, Beatrice Harrison, Bee hummingbird, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey, Binocular vision, Biochemical Journal, Biodiversity, Biodiversity loss, Biological pest control, Biological specificity, Biology Letters, Bird anatomy, Bird colony, Bird extinction, Bird feeder, Bird feeding, Bird flight, Bird louse, Bird migration, Bird nest, Bird of prey, Bird strike, Bird vision, Bird vocalization, Bird–window collisions, BirdLife International, Birdsong in music, Birdwatching, Black-headed duck, Bladder, Blue-footed booby, Body plan, Booby, Boorana, Boston, Breeding pair, Brood parasitism, Brood patch, Bucerotiformes, Burhinus, Bustard, Buttonquail, Bycatch, Calcium carbonate, California, California condor, Camouflage, Campylobacteriosis, Canaanite religion, Canopy (biology), Cardiac muscle, Cariamiformes, Carl Linnaeus, Carrion, Cassowary, Casuariiformes, Cat, Cathartiformes, Cattle egret, Catullus, Catullus 2, Cave painting, Cavitaves, Cell nucleus, Cenozoic, Cerebellum, Cerebral hemisphere, Cerebrum, Charadriiformes, Charles Sibley, Chicken, Chile, Chronobiology, Clade, Cladistics, Cladogram, Class (biology), Climate change and birds, Coat of arms, Cochlea, Coelurosauria, Coelurus, Coevolution, Columbaves, Columbidae, Columbimorphae, Comb-crested jacana, Commensalism, Common dwarf mongoose, Common murre, Common nightingale, Common ostrich, Common pheasant, Common poorwill, Common raven, Common starling, Communal roosting, Cone cell, Confuciusornithidae, Conservation biology, Constellation, Contact lens, Cooperative breeding, Coraciiformes, Coraciimorphae, Cormorant, Cormorant fishing, Corvida, Corvidae, Courtship display, Cracidae, Crane (bird), Crax, Creatine, Creatinine, Crepuscular animal, Cretaceous, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crocodile, Crocodilia, Crop (anatomy), Crop milk, Crown group, Cryptosporidiosis, Cuckoo, Cuckoo-roller, Darwin's finches, David Rothenberg, Deinonychosauria, Deinonychus, Deity, Depolarization, Depth of field, Diffusion, Dinosaur, Dipper, Disassortative mating, Diurnality, Diving duck, Division of labour, Dog, Dolphin, Domestic duck, Domestic goose, Domestic turkey, Double cone (biology), Down feather, Dromaeosauridae, Duck, Eagle (heraldry), Ear, Early Cretaceous, Early warning system, Earth's magnetic field, Easter Island, Ecological niche, Ecological restoration, Ecosystem engineer, Ecotourism, Egg incubation, Eggshell, Elementaves, Elephant bird, Emperor penguin, Emu, Emu (journal), Enantiornithes, Endangered species, Endemism, Endocardium, English language, Eosinopteryx, Estrildidae, Etruscan religion, Eufalconimorphae, Euornithes, Eurasian blue tit, Eurasian eagle-owl, Eurasian golden oriole, Eurypygiformes, Eurypygimorphae, Evolution, Evolution (journal), Evolution of birds, Evolutionary radiation, Ex situ conservation, Extinction, Extra-pair copulation, Falcon, Falconiformes, Falconry, Family (biology), Feather, Feathered dinosaur, Fecal sac, Female, Female sperm storage, Fibrous joint, Filter feeder, Finch, Fisherian runaway, Flamingo, Fledge, Flight feather, Flightless bird, Flock (birds), Flocking, Flying and gliding animals, Forelimb, Formic acid, Fossil, Fovea centralis, Fowl, Francis Willughby, Frigatebird, Frogmouth, Frugivore, Galah, Gallbladder, Galliformes, Game (hunting), Gansus, Gas exchange, Gaviiformes, General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, Genome, Gentoo penguin, Germany, Giardiasis, Gizzard, Gleaning (birds), Glossary of bird terms, Golden eagle, Gondwana, Gonochorism, Goose, Great frigatebird, Great tit, Greater roadrunner, Grebe, Greenland, Grey crowned crane, Grey heron, Grouse, Gruiformes, Gruimorphae, Grumman HU-16 Albatross, Guano, Gull, Habitat destruction, Hanging parrot, Hans Friedrich Gadow, Harrier jump jet, Hawk, Heart, Heart valve, Helm Identification Guides, Helpers at the nest, Heraldry, Heron, Hesperornithes, Hibernation, History of Iran, History of Italy, Holarctic realm, Holocene, Homer, Homing pigeon, Homology (biology), Honeyguide, Hongshanornithidae, Hook-billed vanga, Hoopoe, Hornbill, Horned owl, House sparrow, House wren, Huginn and Muninn, Hummingbird, Humphrey–Parkes terminology, Hunting, Hypercarnivore, Ibis, Ibis (journal), Iceland, Ichthyornis, Icterid, In-situ conservation, Inanna, Inbreeding depression, Indian peafowl, Inner ear, Insect, Insectivore, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integument, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Introduced species, Intromittent organ, Invasive species, Iran, Island gigantism, Jacana (genus), Jacques Gauthier, Jamaican ibis, Jeholornis, Jianchangornis, Jinfengopteryx, Jixiangornis, John James Audubon, John Ray, Jon E. Ahlquist, Jonah, Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal of Avian Biology, Journal of Zoology, Jurassic, Kagu, Kōkako, Keel (bird anatomy), Keel-billed toucan, Kererū, Kestrel, Kidney, Kingfisher, Kiwi (bird), Kleptoparasitism, Late Cretaceous, Late Jurassic, Laysan albatross, Lek mating, Liaoning, Linnaean taxonomy, List of bird genera, List of birds of North America, List of Germanic deities, List of individual birds, List of Mesopotamian deities, List of national birds, Little owl, Lizard, Longline fishing, Loon, Loriini, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lynx Nature Books, Maastrichtian, Magellanic penguin, Makemake (deity), Male, Mammal, Maniraptora, Manx shearwater, Marine mammal, Masked booby, Mating, Māori people, Megapode, Melanesia, Mesite, Mesozoic, Metabolic waste, Metabolism, Metatarsal bones, Micronesia, Microraptor, Mirandornithes, Mixed-species foraging flock, Moa, Mobbing (animal behavior), Molecular clock, Monk parakeet, Monochromacy, Monogamy in animals, Mosaic evolution, Most recent common ancestor, Moulting, Mousebird, Mughal Empire, Mute swan, Muttonbirding, Mutualism (biology), Myna, Natufian culture, Nature (journal), Nectar, Nectarivore, Neoaves, Neognathae, Neoteny, Nervous system, Neurotoxin, New Guinea, New World vulture, New Zealand, Nictitating membrane, Nidifugous and nidicolous organisms, Nightjar, Nocturnality, Norfolk parakeet, Notopalaeognathae, Nuptial gift, Odin, Odyssey, Oecologia, Oikos (journal), Oil spill, Oilbird, Old World sparrow, Olivier Messiaen, Omnivore, Opisthocomidae, Orbit (anatomy), Order (biology), Origin of birds, Ornitholestes, Ornithological Applications, Ornithology, Ornithology (journal), Ornithomimosauria, Ornithothoraces, Ornithurae, Ostrich, Otidimorphae, Ottorino Respighi, Outcrossing, Ovary, Oviduct, Oviparity, Oviraptorosauria, Owl, Owl of Athena, Owlet-nightjar, Oxford University Press, Oxfordian (stage), Oxpecker, Palaeognathae, Paleontology, Paleotropical Kingdom, Palm cockatoo, Pangalloanserae, Pantestudines, Parasitism, Paraves, Parental investment, Parrot, Parthenogenesis, Partridge, Passerine, Patagopteryx, Paternal care, Paul Ehrlich, Peacock Throne, Peafowl, Pecten oculi, Pelecaniformes, Pelican, Pellet (ornithology), Pelvis, Pengornis, Penguin, Penis, Pennaceous feather, Pericardium, Pest (organism), Pesticide, Petrel, Phaethontiformes, Phaethoquornithes, Phalarope, Phasianidae, Pheasant, Pheasant-tailed jacana, Philip J. Currie, Phoenicopteriformes, Photoreceptor cell, PhyloCode, Phylogenetic nomenclature, Phylogenetics, Piciformes, Picocoraciae, Picodynastornithes, Pitohui, Platypus, Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy, Plumage, Polar regions of Earth, Polaris, Polyandry in animals, Polygynandry, Polygyny in animals, Polynesia, Potoo, Pouākai, Poultry, Precociality and altriciality, Predation, Prion (bird), Proceedings of the Royal Society, Procellariiformes, Proctodeum, Protopteryx, Psittacopasseres, Psittacosis, Pterosaur, Purple-crowned fairywren, Pygostyle, Pygostylia, Rahonavis, Rail (bird), Rainbow lorikeet, Ratite, Red blood cell, Red kite, Red-crested turaco, Religion in ancient Rome, Religious symbol, Reptile, Respiratory system, Retina, Rheiformes, Rifleman (bird), Roadkill, Roc (mythology), Rock dove, Rodrigues solitaire, Ruby-throated hummingbird, Safety in numbers, Salmonellosis, Salt gland, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sandgrouse, Sapeornis, Sarus crane, Scandinavia, Scansoriopterygidae, Scavenger, Schizooura, Science (journal), Scops owl, Screamer, Seabird, Season, Sense of smell, Septum, Serous fluid, Sex ratio, Sexual coercion among animals, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual reproduction, Sexual selection, Shearwater, Sheathbill, Shoebill, Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds, Sibling, Signal transduction, Sinoatrial node, Skomer, Skua, Slow-wave sleep, Snake, Snipe, Snow petrel, Social status, Sociality, Songbird, Songlingornithidae, Sooty shearwater, Sound, Southern cassowary, Southern Ocean, Southern pied babbler, Spangled drongo, Speciation, Sperm competition, Spur-winged goose, Squamata, Stanford University, Steamer duck, Steller's sea eagle, Sternum, Stomach oil, Stork, Strisores, Struthioniformes, Sulidae, Suliformes, Sun, Sunbird, Sunbittern, Sweat gland, Swift (bird), Synsacrum, Synthliboramphus, Syrinx (bird anatomy), T. & A. D. Poyser, Tangata manu, Taxonomic rank, Taxonomy (biology), Telluraves, Temperate climate, Temperature-dependent sex determination, Tern, Territory (animal), Tetrachromacy, The American Naturalist, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, The Science of Nature, The Stationery Office, The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, Thermoregulation, Theropoda, Thoracic vertebrae, Threatened species, Tiaojishan Formation, Tinamou, Tooth-billed bowerbird, Torpor, Torrent duck, Transitional fossil, Treecreeper, Treeswift, Trogon, Troodon, Troodontidae, Tropics, True parrot, Tuberculosis, Tuna, Turaco, Turkey vulture, Turtle, Tyrannosaurus, Ultraviolet, Urea, Uric acid, Urohidrosis, Uropygial gland, Vanellus, Vanescaves, Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation, Vegavis, Ventricle (heart), Vertebral column, Vertebrate, Vexillology, Visual field, Visual impairment, Visual system, Vorona, Vulture, Vulture fund, Wader, War of the Pacific, Warm-blooded, Water bird, Wax, White-tailed tropicbird, White-throated sparrow, Wild turkey, Wind turbine, Wing, Witchcraft, Woodcock, Woodpecker, Woodswallow, World War II, Xiaotingia, XY sex-determination system, Yellow-headed caracara, Zebra finch, Zhongjianornis, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoonosis, ZW sex-determination system, 10th edition of Systema Naturae.