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76 relations: Acid mine drainage, Anhydrite, Brackish water, Brine, Brine mining, Brine pool, Brinicle, Brining, Calcium, Calcium chloride, Carbonate, Cheese, Chloralkali process, Cooling tower, Deicing, Desalination, Diffuser (sewage), Diol, Dishwasher, Dishwasher salt, Electrodialysis, Electrolysis, Eutectic system, Evaporation, Evaporation pond, Evaporite, Fish, Flavor, Fluoride, Food preservation, Food processing, Fresh water, Fruit, Groundwater, Gypsum, Halite, Halocarbon, Hydraulic fracturing, Hydrogen, Industrial processes, Ion exchange, Ion-exchange resin, Magnesium, Marination, Meat, Meat tenderness, Mechanical vapor recompression, Natural gas, Oregon State University, Pickling, ..., Polyethylene glycol, Produced water, Refrigerant, Reverse osmosis, Saline water, Salt, Salt lake, Saturation (chemistry), Seasoning, Seawater, Sewage treatment, Sewerage, Snow removal, Sodium, Sodium chloride, Sodium hydroxide, Solution, Steeping, Sulfate, Thermal energy, Total dissolved solids, Vegetable, Wastewater treatment, Water, Water purification, Water softening. Expand index (26 more) »
Acid mine drainage
Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD), or acid rock drainage (ARD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines.
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Anhydrite
Anhydrite is a mineral—anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4.
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Brackish water
Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater.
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Brine
Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.
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Brine mining
Brine mining is the extraction of useful materials (elements or compounds) which are naturally dissolved in brine.
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Brine pool
A brine pool is a large area of brine on the ocean basin.
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Brinicle
A brinicle (brine icicle, also known as ice stalactite) is a downward growing hollow tube of ice enclosing a plume of descending brine that is formed beneath developing sea ice.
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Brining
In food processing, brining is treating food with brine or coarse salt which preserves and seasons the food while enhancing tenderness and flavor with additions such as herbs, spices, sugar, caramel and/or vinegar.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
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Carbonate
In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula of.
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Cheese
Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.
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Chloralkali process
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride.
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Cooling tower
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
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Deicing
De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface.
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Desalination
Desalination is a process that extracts mineral components from saline water.
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Diffuser (sewage)
An air diffuser or membrane diffuser is an aeration device typically in the shape of a disc, tube or plate, which is used to transfer air and with that oxygen into sewage or industrial wastewater.
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Diol
A diol or glycol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).
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Dishwasher
A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishware and cutlery.
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Dishwasher salt
Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers.
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Electrodialysis
Electrodialysis (ED) is used to transport salt ions from one solution through ion-exchange membranes to another solution under the influence of an applied electric potential difference.
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Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
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Eutectic system
A eutectic system from the Greek "ευ" (eu.
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Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gaseous phase before reaching its boiling point.
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Evaporation pond
Evaporation ponds are artificial ponds with very large surface areas that are designed to efficiently evaporate water by sunlight and exposure to the ambient temperatures.
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Evaporite
Evaporite is the term for a water-soluble mineral sediment that results from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Flavor
Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.
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Fluoride
Fluoride.
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Food preservation
Food preservation prevents the growth of microorganisms (such as yeasts), or other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.
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Food processing
Food processing is the transformation of cooked ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms.
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.
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Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
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Gypsum
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O.
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Halite
Halite, commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl).
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Halocarbon
Halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine –) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds.
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Hydraulic fracturing
Hydraulic fracturing (also fracking, fraccing, frac'ing, hydrofracturing or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Industrial processes
Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale.
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Ion exchange
Ion exchange is an exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex.
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Ion-exchange resin
An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Marination
Marination is the process of soaking foods in a seasoned, often acidic, liquid before cooking.
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Meat
Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.
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Meat tenderness
Tenderness is a quality of meat gauging how easily it is chewed or cut.
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Mechanical vapor recompression
Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) is an energy recovery process.
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Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
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Oregon State University
Oregon State University (OSU) is an international, public research university in the northwest United States, located in Corvallis, Oregon.
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Pickling
Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.
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Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
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Produced water
Produced water is a term used in the oil industry to describe water that is produced as a byproduct along with the oil and gas.
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Refrigerant
A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle.
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Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water.
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Saline water
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl).
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Salt
Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.
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Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per litre).
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Saturation (chemistry)
In chemistry, saturation (from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill') has diverse meanings, all based on the idea of reaching a maximum capacity.
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Seasoning
Seasoning is the process of adding salt, herbs, or spices to food to enhance the flavour.
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Seawater
Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.
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Sewerage
Sewerage is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers.
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Snow removal
Snow removal or snow clearing is the job of removing snow after a snowfall to make travel easier and safer.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.
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Solution
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
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Steeping
Steeping is the soaking in liquid (usually water) of a solid so as to extract flavours or to soften it.
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Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.
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Thermal energy
Thermal energy is a term used loosely as a synonym for more rigorously-defined thermodynamic quantities such as the internal energy of a system; heat or sensible heat, which are defined as types of transfer of energy (as is work); or for the characteristic energy of a degree of freedom in a thermal system kT, where T is temperature and k is the Boltzmann constant.
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Total dissolved solids
Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.
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Vegetable
Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans as food as part of a meal.
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Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment is a process used to convert wastewater into an effluent (outflowing of water to a receiving body of water) that can be returned to the water cycle with minimal impact on the environment or directly reused.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Water purification
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.
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Water softening
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine
