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143 relations: Anatoli Levchenko, Angara (rocket family), Antonov An-225 Mriya, Astronaut, Bahrain, Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 110, BOR-4, BOR-5, Boris Chertok, Boris Yeltsin, British Interplanetary Society, Buran, Buran (spacecraft), Burya, Cathode ray tube, Central Committee, Central Intelligence Agency, Classified information, Cold War, Concorde, Coordinated Universal Time, Crawler-transporter, Diesel Power (magazine), Dinitrogen tetroxide, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Ustinov, DRAKON, Earth, Encyclopedia Astronautica, Energia, Energia (corporation), Engineer, EnglishRussia.com, Espionage, Extravehicular activity, Federation (spacecraft), Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy, GRAU, Gromov Flight Research Institute, Guidance, navigation, and control, Hangar, Heavy-lift launch vehicle, Helicopter, Human spaceflight, Igor Volk, Intercontinental ballistic missile, International Space Station, Kazakhstan, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, ..., Kennedy Space Center, Kerosene, Kliper, Kristall, Launch vehicle, Lift-to-drag ratio, Liquid rocket propellant, List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents, Low Earth orbit, MAKS (spacecraft), Mate-Demate Device, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105, Mil Mi-26, Mir, Mockup, Monomethylhydrazine, Moscow, Myasishchev M-4, Myasishchev VM-T, N1 (rocket), NASA, New Scientist, NPO Molniya, OK-GLI, Oleg Kotov, Oleg Ostapenko, Open-source intelligence, Orbiter Processing Facility, Oxygen, Progress (spacecraft), Prolog, Ptichka, RD-0120, RD-170, Rimantas Stankevičius, Robotic spacecraft, Roscosmos, RT (TV network), Russia, Salyut 7, Saturn AL-31, Shuttle Landing Facility, Shuttle–Mir Program, Sochi, Soviet crewed lunar programs, Soviet ruble, Soviet space program, Soviet Union, Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz 25, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-4, Soyuz-TM, Space exploration, Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, Space Shuttle main engine, Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System, Space Shuttle orbiter, Space Shuttle program, Space Shuttle retirement, Space Shuttle thermal protection system, Spacecraft, Spaceflight (magazine), Spaceplane, Specific impulse, Structural integrity and failure, STS-121, STS-3xx, STS-71, Sub-orbital spaceflight, Technik Museum Speyer, Test pilot, The Baltimore Sun, The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, TsAGI, TsNIIMash, Tupolev Tu-144, Turbofan, Turbopump, Valentin Glushko, VDNKh (Russia), Vehicle Assembly Building, Vostok (spacecraft), Wind tunnel, Zhukovsky International Airport, Zvezda (ISS module), 2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft), 2.02 (Buran-class spacecraft), 2.03 (Buran-class spacecraft). Expand index (93 more) »
Anatoli Levchenko
Anatoli Semyonovich Levchenko (Анатолий Семёнович Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut.
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Angara (rocket family)
The Angara rocket family is a family of space-launch vehicles being developed by the Moscow-based Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center.
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Antonov An-225 Mriya
The Antonov An-225 Mriya (Антонов Ан-225, lit, NATO reporting name: "Cossack") is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft that was designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union during the 1980s.
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Astronaut
An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.
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Bahrain
Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.
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Baikonur Cosmodrome
Baikonur Cosmodrome (translit; translit) is a spaceport located in an area of southern Kazakhstan leased to Russia.
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Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 110
Site 110 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome is a launch facility which was used by the N1 rocket during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and by the Energia rocket during the 1980s.
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BOR-4
The BOR-4 (БОР-4 Беспилотный Орбитальный Ракетоплан 4, Bespilotnyi Orbital'nyi Raketoplan 4, "Unpiloted Orbital Rocketplane 4") flight vehicle is a scaled (1:2) prototype of the Soviet Spiral VTHL (vertical takeoff, horizontal landing) spaceplane.
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BOR-5
The BOR-5 (БОР-5 Беспилотный Орбитальный Ракетоплан 5, Bespilotnyi Orbital'nyi Raketoplan 5, "Unpiloted Orbital Rocketplane 5") is a 1:8 sized test flight vehicle, used to study the main aerodynamic, thermal, acoustic and stability characteristics of the Buran.
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Boris Chertok
Boris Evseyevich Chertok (Бори́с Евсе́евич Черто́к; 1 March 1912 – 14 December 2011) was a Russian electrical engineer and the control systems designer in the Soviet Union's space program, and later the Roscosmos.
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Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.
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British Interplanetary Society
The British Interplanetary Society (BIS), founded in Liverpool in 1933 by Philip E. Cleator, is the oldest space advocacy organisation in the world.
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Buran
Buran may refer to.
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Buran (spacecraft)
Buran (Бура́н,, meaning "Snowstorm" or "Blizzard"; GRAU index serial number: "11F35 K1") was the first spaceplane to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme.
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Burya
The Burya ("Storm" in Russian; Буря) was a supersonic, intercontinental cruise missile, developed by the Lavochkin design bureau under designation La-350 from 1954 until the program cancellation in February 1960.
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Cathode ray tube
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.
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Central Committee
Central Committee was the common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, whether ruling or non-ruling in the 20th century and of the surviving communist states in the 21st century.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).
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Classified information
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Concorde
The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde is a British-French turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner that was operated from 1976 until 2003.
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Coordinated Universal Time
No description.
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Crawler-transporter
The crawler-transporters, formally known as the Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities, are a pair of tracked vehicles used to transport spacecraft from NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) along the Crawlerway to Launch Complex 39.
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Diesel Power (magazine)
Diesel Power is an American automotive magazine that focuses on interests in heavily modifying trucks, SUVs, and cars powered by diesel engines.
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Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide, is the chemical compound N2O4.
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.
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Dmitry Ustinov
Dmitriy Fyodorovich Ustinov (Дмитрий Фёдорович Устинов; 30 October 1908 – 20 December 1984) was Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union from 1976 until his death.
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DRAKON
DRAKON is an algorithmic visual programming language developed within the Buran space project following ergonomic design principles.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Encyclopedia Astronautica
The Encyclopedia Astronautica is a reference web site on space travel.
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Energia
Energia (Энергия, Energiya, "Energy") (GRAU 11K25) was a Soviet rocket that was designed by NPO Energia to serve as a heavy-lift partially recoverable launch system for a variety of payloads including the Buran spacecraft.
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Energia (corporation)
PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya “Energiya” im.), also known as RSC Energia (РКК «Энергия», RKK “Energiya”), is a Russian manufacturer of ballistic missile, spacecraft and space station components.
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Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.
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EnglishRussia.com
EnglishRussia is a popular photoblog focusing on unusual aspects of Russian or former-Soviet culture.
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Espionage
Espionage or spying, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of the information.
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Extravehicular activity
Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut or cosmonaut outside a spacecraft beyond the Earth's appreciable atmosphere.
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Federation (spacecraft)
Federation (Федерация, Federatsiya), formerly called PPTS (Prospective Piloted Transport System, Перспективная Пилотируемая Транспортная Система, Perspektivnaya Pilotiruemaya Transportnaya Sistema) is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially reusable piloted spacecraft.
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Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy
Gleb Evgeniyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy (Глеб Евгеньевич Лозино-Лозинский), (Kiev, Russian Empire (now Ukraine since 1991), December 25, 1909 – Moscow, November 28, 2001) was a Russian and Ukrainian engineer, General Director and General Designer of the JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Science, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize (1962) and State Prizes (1950, 1952).
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GRAU
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (GRAU) (translit) is a department of the Russian (ex-Soviet) Ministry of Defense.
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Gromov Flight Research Institute
The Gromov Flight Research Institute or GFRI for short (Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова, ЛИИ) is an important Russian State Research Center which operates aircraft test base located in Zhukovsky, 40 km south-east of Moscow.
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Guidance, navigation, and control
Guidance, navigation and control (abbreviated GNC, GN&C, or G&C) is a branch of engineering dealing with the design of systems to control the movement of vehicles, especially, automobiles, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.
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Hangar
A hangar is a closed building structure to hold aircraft, or spacecraft.
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Heavy-lift launch vehicle
A heavy-lift launch vehicle, HLV or HLLV, is an orbital launch vehicle capable of lifting between 20,000 to 50,000 kg to low Earth orbit (LEO).
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Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors.
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Human spaceflight
Human spaceflight (also referred to as crewed spaceflight or manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.
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Igor Volk
Igor Petrovich Volk (Игорь Петрович Волк;; 12 April 1937 – 3 January 2017) was a cosmonaut and test pilot in the Soviet Union.
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Intercontinental ballistic missile
An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a guided ballistic missile with a minimum range of primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).
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International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.
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Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Институт прикладной математики им.) is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics.
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Kennedy Space Center
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers.
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Kerosene
Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.
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Kliper
Kliper (Клипер, English: Clipper) was an early-2000s proposed partly- reusable manned spacecraft concept by RSC Energia.
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Kristall
The Kristall (Кристалл; Crystal) (77KST, TsM-T, 11F77T) module was the fourth module and the third major addition to the Mir space station.
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Launch vehicle
A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a payload from Earth's surface through outer space, either to another surface point (suborbital), or into space (Earth orbit or beyond).
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Lift-to-drag ratio
In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio, or L/D ratio, is the amount of lift generated by a wing or vehicle, divided by the aerodynamic drag it creates by moving through the air.
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Liquid rocket propellant
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets).
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List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents
This article lists verifiable spaceflight-related accidents and incidents resulting in fatality or near-fatality during flight or training for manned space missions, and testing, assembly, preparation or flight of manned and unmanned spacecraft.
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Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes.
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MAKS (spacecraft)
The MAKS (Multipurpose aerospace system) (Russian: МАКС (Многоцелевая авиационно-космическая система)) is a cancelled Soviet air-launched with orbiter reusable launch system project that was proposed in 1988, but cancelled in 1991.
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Mate-Demate Device
A Mate-Demate Device (MDD) is a specialized crane designed to lift a Space Shuttle orbiter onto and off the back of a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 part of a programme known as the Spiral (aerospace system), was a manned test vehicle to explore low-speed handling and landing.
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Mil Mi-26
The Mil Mi-26 (Миль Ми-26, NATO reporting name: Halo) is a Soviet/Russian heavy transport helicopter.
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Mir
Mir (Мир,; lit. peace or world) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.
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Mockup
In manufacturing and design, a mockup, or mock-up, is a scale or full-size model of a design or device, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, and other purposes.
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Monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH3(NH)NH2.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Myasishchev M-4
The Myasishchev M-4 Molot (Молот (Hammer), USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 37", NATO reporting name Bison) is a four-engined strategic bomber designed by Myasishchev and manufactured by the Soviet Union in the 1950s to provide a Long Range Aviation bomber capable of attacking targets in North America.
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Myasishchev VM-T
The Myasishchev VM-T Atlant (Russian: Мясищев ВМ-Т «Атлант», with the "VM-T" ("BM-T") standing for Vladimir MyasishchevTransport) was a variant of Myasishchev's M-4 ''Molot'' bomber (the "3M"), re-purposed as a strategic-airlift airplane.
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N1 (rocket)
The N1 (Russian: Н1, from Ракета-носитель, Raketa-Nositel, carrier) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit, acting as the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V. It was designed with crewed extra-orbital travel in mind.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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New Scientist
New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.
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NPO Molniya
NPO Molniya (lightning) (Научно-производственное объединение «Молния») is a Russian scientific and production enterprise, founded on February 26, 1976.
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OK-GLI
The OK-GLI (lit), also known as Buran Analog BST-02, was a test vehicle ("Buran aerodynamic analogue") in the Buran programme.
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Oleg Kotov
Oleg Valeriyevich Kotov (Олег Валериевич Котов) was born on October 27, 1965, in Simferopol, Crimean oblast in the Ukrainian SSR.
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Oleg Ostapenko
Oleg Nikolayevich Ostapenko (Олег Николаевич Остапенко, Олег Миколайович Остапенко, born 3 May 1957) is the former director of Roscosmos, the federal space agency, retired Colonel General in the Russian Military, former Deputy Minister of Defence, and former commander of the Aerospace Defence Forces, a position he held from their foundation on 1 December 2011 until his promotion in November 2012.
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Open-source intelligence
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is data collected from publicly available sources to be used in an intelligence context.
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Orbiter Processing Facility
An Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) was one of three hangars where U.S. space shuttle orbiters underwent maintenance between flights.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Progress (spacecraft)
The Progress (Прогресс) is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft.
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Prolog
Prolog is a general-purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.
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Ptichka
"Buria" ("Буря", "Storm" or "Tempest"), or "Ptichka" ("Птичка"), is an official nickname for the second Buran-class spaceplane, produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme, and inscripted on the ship's hull.
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RD-0120
The Soviet RD-0120 (also designated 11D122) was the Energia core rocket engine, fueled by LH2/LOX, roughly equivalent to the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME).
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RD-170
The RD-170 (РД-170, Ракетный Двигатель-170, Rocket Engine-170) is the world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine, designed and produced in the Soviet Union by NPO Energomash for use with the Energia launch vehicle.
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Rimantas Stankevičius
Rimantas Antanas Stankevičius (26 July 1944 in Marijampolė, Lithuania – 9 September 1990 in Salgareda, Italy) was a Lithuanian cosmonaut who test flew Soviet space shuttle Buran and its test vehicles.
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Robotic spacecraft
A robotic spacecraft is an uncrewed spacecraft, usually under telerobotic control.
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Roscosmos
The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»), commonly known as Roscosmos (Роскосмос), is a state corporation responsible for the space flight and cosmonautics program for the Russian Federation.
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RT (TV network)
RT (formerly Russia Today) is a Russian international television network funded by the Russian government.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Salyut 7
Salyut 7 (Салют-7; Salute 7) (a.k.a. DOS-6) was a space station in low Earth orbit from April 1982 to February 1991.
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Saturn AL-31
The Saturn AL-31 is a family of military turbofan engines.
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Shuttle Landing Facility
The Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) is an airport located on Merritt Island in Brevard County, Florida, USA.
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Shuttle–Mir Program
The Shuttle–Mir Program was a collaborative space program between Russia and the United States, which involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard Mir.
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Sochi
Sochi (a) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia.
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Soviet crewed lunar programs
The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of unsuccessful programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land a man on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program to achieve the same goal set publicly by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961.
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Soviet ruble
The Soviet ruble (рубль; see below for other languages of the USSR) was the currency of the Soviet Union.
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Soviet space program
The Soviet space program (Russian: Космическая программа СССР, Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR) comprised several of the rocket and space exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union (USSR) from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Soyuz (spacecraft)
Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today.
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Soyuz 25
Soyuz 25 (Союз 25, Union 25) was a 1977 Soviet manned space flight, the first to the new Salyut 6 space station, which had been launched 10 days earlier. However, the mission was aborted when cosmonauts Vladimir Kovalyonok and Valery Ryumin failed to engage the docking latches of the station despite five attempts. Lacking sufficient fuel to attempt a dock at the other end of the station and with battery power for only two days, they returned to Earth. The failure led to a new rule whereby every crew had to have at least one person aboard who had previously flown in space.
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Soyuz T-12
Soyuz T-12 (also known as Salyut 7 EP-4) was the seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7.
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Soyuz TM-3
Soyuz TM-3 was the third manned spacecraft to visit the Soviet space station Mir, following Soyuz-T15 and Soyuz-TM2.
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Soyuz TM-4
Soyuz TM-4 was the fourth manned spacecraft to dock with the space station Mir.
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Soyuz-TM
The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations.
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Space exploration
Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of evolving and growing space technology.
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Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.
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Space Shuttle Atlantis
Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV‑104) is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle belonging to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States.
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Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disintegrated upon reentering Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven crew members.
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Space Shuttle main engine
The Aerojet Rocketdyne RS-25, otherwise known as the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME), is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine that was used on NASA's Space Shuttle and is planned to be used on its successor, the Space Launch System.
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Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System
The Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS), is a system of hypergolic liquid-propellant rocket engines used on the Space Shuttle.
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Space Shuttle orbiter
The Space Shuttle orbiter was the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the Space Shuttle program.
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Space Shuttle program
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.
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Space Shuttle retirement
The retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet took place from March to July 2011.
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Space Shuttle thermal protection system
The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the searing heat of atmospheric reentry.
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Spacecraft
A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space.
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Spaceflight (magazine)
Spaceflight is the monthly magazine of the British Interplanetary Society (BIS), reporting on space exploration topics.
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Spaceplane
A spaceplane is an aerospace vehicle that operates as an aircraft in Earth's atmosphere, as well as a spacecraft when it is in space.
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Specific impulse
Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a measure of how effectively a rocket uses propellant or jet engine uses fuel.
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Structural integrity and failure
Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering which deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed load (weight, force, etc...) without breaking, and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs.
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STS-121
STS-121 was a 2006 NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle '' Discovery''.
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STS-3xx
No description.
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STS-71
STS-71 was the third mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program and the first Space Shuttle docking to Russian space station Mir.
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Sub-orbital spaceflight
A sub-orbital spaceflight is a spaceflight in which the spacecraft reaches space, but its trajectory intersects the atmosphere or surface of the gravitating body from which it was launched, so that it will not complete one orbital revolution.
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Technik Museum Speyer
The Technik Museum Speyer is a technology museum in Speyer (Rhineland-Palatinate), Germany.
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Test pilot
A test pilot is an aviator who flies new and modified aircraft in specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques or FTTs, allowing the results to be measured and the design to be evaluated.
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The Baltimore Sun
The Baltimore Sun is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the American state of Maryland and provides coverage of local and regional news, events, issues, people, and industries.
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The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles in electronic format as well as a weekly print edition.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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TsAGI
The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, TsAGI) was founded in Moscow by the pioneer of Russian aviation, Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on December 1, 1918.
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TsNIIMash
TsNIIMash (ЦНИИмаш) is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center, dealing with all phases of development from conceptual design to flight test.
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Tupolev Tu-144
The Tupolev Tu-144 (Tyполев Ту-144; NATO reporting name: Charger) is a retired jet airliner and commercial supersonic transport aircraft (SST).
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Turbofan
The turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion.
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Turbopump
A turbopump is a propellant pump with two main components: a rotodynamic pump and a driving gas turbine, usually both mounted on the same shaft, or sometimes geared together.
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Valentin Glushko
Valentin Petrovich Glushko (Валенти́н Петро́вич Глушко́, Valentin Petrovich Glushko; Валентин Петрович Глушко, Valentyn Petrovych Hlushko; born 2 September 1908 – 10 January 1989), was a Soviet engineer, and designer of rocket engines during the Soviet/American Space Race.
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VDNKh (Russia)
Vystavka Dostizheniy Narodnogo Khozyaystva (VDNKh) (Выставка достижений народного хозяйства, ВДНХ,, lit. Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy) is a permanent general purpose trade show and amusement park in Moscow, Russia.
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Vehicle Assembly Building
The Vehicle (originally Vertical) Assembly Building, or VAB, at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is a building designed to assemble large space vehicles, such as the massive Saturn V and the Space Shuttle.
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Vostok (spacecraft)
The Vostok (Восток, translated as "East") was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union.
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Wind tunnel
A wind tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past solid objects.
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Zhukovsky International Airport
Zhukovsky International Airport, formerly known as Ramenskoye Airport or Zhukovsky Airfield (Аэропорт Раменское, Аэропорт Жуковский), is Moscow's fourth international airport.
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Zvezda (ISS module)
Zvezda (Звезда́, meaning "star"), DOS-8, also known as the Zvezda Service Module, is a component of the International Space Station (ISS).
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2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft)
2.01 is the designation of the third space shuttle to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran program.
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2.02 (Buran-class spacecraft)
2.02 is the designation of the fourth built Soviet/Russian space shuttle orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran program.
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2.03 (Buran-class spacecraft)
2.03 is the designation of the fifth Soviet/Russian space shuttle orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme.
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Redirects here:
Buran hangar collapse, Buran program, Mir LII-1, Shuttle Buran program, Soviet space shuttle.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buran_programme
