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236 relations: Abdomen, Aerodynamics, Afrotropical realm, Agathymus, Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Ant, Ant colony, Antenna (biology), Anthocharis cardamines, Apolysis, Aposematism, Archaeolepis, Aztecs, Bacillus thuringiensis, Batesian mimicry, Beauveria bassiana, Bee, Boambee, New South Wales, Braconidae, Brassica, Butterfly Alphabet, Calpodes, Camouflage, Carl Michael Bellman, Caterpillar, Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), Censer, Chitin, CITES, Clade, Colias, Coremata, Courtship, Crypsis, Cuticle, Dave Goulson, Dazzled and Deceived, Deimatic behaviour, Devon, Diapause, Diurnal cycle, Doleschallia bisaltide, Ecdysis, Ecdysone, Egg, Encyclopédie, Entomopathogenic fungus, ..., Eocene, Epidermis, Epithelium, Erebia, Eric Carle, Euchloe, External morphology of Lepidoptera, Eyespot (mimicry), Fjäriln vingad syns på Haga, Flavones, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Flower constancy, Fly, Frederick William Frohawk, Fredmans sånger, Fur Formation, Geometer moth, Giacomo Puccini, Gonad, Gonepteryx rhamni, Great spangled fritillary, Grizzled skipper, Hedylidae, Heliconius, Hemolymph, Hill-topping (biology), Holocene, Honeydew (secretion), Hookah, Hummingbird hawk-moth, Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry, Iberian Peninsula, Imago, Insect, Insect migration, Insect mouthparts, Insect wing, Instar, Iridescence, Jaguar, John Luther Long, John Tenniel, Jurassic, Kjell Bloch Sandved, Kyoto, Lafcadio Hearn, Large blue, Larva, Lepidoptera, Lewis Carroll, Lift (force), Light-emitting diode, Liphyra brassolis, List of butterflies of Australia, List of butterflies of Great Britain, List of butterflies of India, List of butterflies of Menorca, List of butterflies of North America, List of butterflies of Taiwan, List of butterflies of Tasmania, List of butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago, List of butterflies of Victoria, List of U.S. state butterflies, Lycaenidae, Macrolepidoptera, Madama Butterfly, Mandible, Manipur, Mating plug, Maya civilization, Müllerian mimicry, Melanin, Mesoamerica, Metamorphosis, Miletinae, Milkweed butterfly, Mimicry, Mircea Eliade, MoClay, Monarch butterfly, Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Monophyly, Monsoon, Moth, Mud-puddling, Mutualism (biology), Myrmecophily, Myrmica, Naga people, Nanotechnology, Natural history, Nearctic realm, Nectar, Neotropical realm, Neurohormone, New South Wales, Norwegians, Nuptial gift, Nymphalidae, Nymphalis antiopa, Oceania, Ocybadistes knightorum, Oeneis melissa, Old Dutch, Old English, Old High German, Omen, Opera, Order (biology), Osmeterium, Oxford English Dictionary, Pachliopta aristolochiae, Pachliopta hector, Palearctic realm, Paleocene, Papilio cresphontes, Papilio machaon, Papilio polytes, Papilionoidea, Paraphyly, Parasitism, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Parnassius, Parthenogenesis, Pheromone, Phylogenetic tree, Pieridae, Pieris brassicae, Pieris rapae, Plant defense against herbivory, Pollen, Pollination, Polymorphism (biology), Polyphenism, Predation, Proboscis, Prodryas, Proleg, Protein, Prothoracicotropic hormone, Protozoa, Pupa, Queen Alexandra's birdwing, Reincarnation, Riodinidae, Scale insect, Sclerotin, Sensillum, Seta, Sex-determination system, Sexual dimorphism, Simple eye in invertebrates, Skipper (butterfly), Sodium, Spalgis epius, Spermatophore, Spiracle, Stridulation, Structural coloration, Substrate (biology), Swallowtail butterfly, Sweden, Symbiosis, Taira no Masakado, Taxonomic rank, Taylor & Francis, Temperate climate, Teotihuacan, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Thorax (insect anatomy), Torkel Weis-Fogh, Transgender, Tropics, Turbulence, Uric acid, Vanessa atalanta, Vanessa cardui, Viola (plant), Voltinism, Vortex, Wasp, Wind tunnel, Wing coupling, Zapotec peoples, ZW sex-determination system. Expand index (186 more) »
Abdomen
The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.
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Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics, from Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing.
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Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms.
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Agathymus
Agathymus is a genus of butterflies in the skipper family, Hesperiidae.
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Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
Alice is a fictional character and protagonist of Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass (1871).
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Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.
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Ant colony
An ant colony is the basic unit around which ants organize their lifecycle.
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Antenna (biology)
Antennae (singular: antenna), sometimes referred to as "feelers," are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods.
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Anthocharis cardamines
Anthocharis cardamines, the orange tip, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae, which contains 1100 species of butterfly.
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Apolysis
Apolysis (ἀπόλυσις "discharge, lit. absolution") is the separation of the cuticle from the epidermis in arthropods and related groups (Ecdysozoa).
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Aposematism
Aposematism (from Greek ἀπό apo away, σῆμα sema sign) is a term coined by Edward Bagnall PoultonPoulton, 1890.
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Archaeolepis
Archaeolepis mane is the earliest known Lepidopteran fossil.
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Aztecs
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
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Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide.
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Batesian mimicry
Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both.
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Beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassiana is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and acts as a parasite on various arthropod species, causing white muscardine disease; it thus belongs to the entomopathogenic fungi.
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Bee
Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.
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Boambee, New South Wales
Boambee is a suburb in the city of Coffs Harbour on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia.
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Braconidae
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps.
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Brassica
Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae).
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Butterfly Alphabet
The Butterfly Alphabet is a photographic artwork by the Norwegian naturalist Kjell Bloch Sandved.
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Calpodes
Calpodes is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae.
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Camouflage
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).
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Carl Michael Bellman
Carl Michael Bellman (4 February 1740 – 11 February 1795) was a Swedish songwriter, composer, musician, poet and entertainer.
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Caterpillar
Caterpillars are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths).
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Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
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Censer
A censer, incense burner or perfume burner (these may be hyphenated) is a vessel made for burning incense or perfume in some solid form.
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Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n, a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of glucose.
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CITES
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Colias
Colias is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae.
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Coremata
Coremata is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956.
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Courtship
Courtship is the period of development towards an intimate relationship wherein people (usually a couple) get to know each other and decide if there will be an engagement or other romantic arrangement.
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Crypsis
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal to avoid observation or detection by other animals.
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Cuticle
A cuticle, or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection.
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Dave Goulson
Dave Goulson (born 1965) FRSE FRES University of Sussex, 2014.
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Dazzled and Deceived
Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage is a 2009 book on camouflage and mimicry, in nature and military usage, by the science writer and journalist Peter Forbes.
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Deimatic behaviour
Deimatic behaviour, threat display, or startle display in animals means any pattern of behaviour, such as suddenly displaying conspicuous eyespots, to scare off or momentarily distract a predator, thus giving the prey animal an opportunity to escape.
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Devon
Devon, also known as Devonshire, which was formerly its common and official name, is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south.
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Diapause
Diapause, when referencing animal dormancy, is the delay in development in response to regularly and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.
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Diurnal cycle
A diurnal cycle is any pattern that recurs every 24 hours as a result of one full rotation of the Earth around its own axis.
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Doleschallia bisaltide
Doleschallia bisaltide, the autumn leaf, is a nymphalid butterfly found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australasia.
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Ecdysis
Ecdysis is the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa.
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Ecdysone
Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands.
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Egg
An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.
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Encyclopédie
Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (English: Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts), better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations.
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Entomopathogenic fungus
An entomopathogenic fungus is a fungus that can act as a parasite of insects and kills or seriously disables them.
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Eocene
The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.
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Epidermis
The epidermis is the outer layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Erebia
Erebia is a Holarctic genus of brush-footed butterflies, family Nymphalidae.
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Eric Carle
Eric Carle (born June 25, 1929) is an American designer, illustrator, and writer of children's books.
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Euchloe
Euchloe is a genus of pierid butterflies from the orangetip tribe (Anthocharini). They are Holarctic in distribution, with most species in Europe, Central Asia, and North America. Like other Anthocharini, the American species are usually called marbles; the Old World species are known as dappled whites.
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External morphology of Lepidoptera
The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterflies and moths.
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Eyespot (mimicry)
An eyespot (sometimes ocellus) is an eye-like marking.
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Fjäriln vingad syns på Haga
Fjäril'n vingad syns på Haga (The butterfly wingèd is seen in Haga) is one of the most popular of Carl Michael Bellman's collection of songs called Fredmans sånger, published in 1791, where it is No.
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Flavones
Flavones (flavus.
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Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument
The Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument is a national monument located in Teller County, Colorado.
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Flower constancy
Flower constancy or pollinator constancy is defined as the tendency of individual pollinators to exclusively visit certain flower species or morphs within a species, bypassing other available flower species that could potentially be more rewarding (i.e. contain more nectar).
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Fly
True flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- "two", and πτερόν pteron "wings".
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Frederick William Frohawk
Frederick William Frohawk (16 July 1861 – 10 December 1946) was an English zoological artist and lepidopterist.
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Fredmans sånger
Fredmans sånger (in English, Fredman's Songs or Songs of Fredman) is a collection of 65 poems and songs published in 1791 by the Swedish poet Carl Michael Bellman.
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Fur Formation
The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries in the area.
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Geometer moth
The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
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Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called "the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi".
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Gonad
A gonad or sex gland or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones of an organism.
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Gonepteryx rhamni
Gonepteryx rhamni (known as the common brimstone) is a butterfly of the family Pieridae.
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Great spangled fritillary
The great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele) is a North American butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
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Grizzled skipper
The grizzled skipper (Pyrgus malvae) is a common butterfly from the family Hesperiidae that is widespread throughout Europe.
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Hedylidae
Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera, representing the superfamily Hedyloidea.
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Heliconius
Heliconius comprises a colorful and widespread genus of brush-footed butterflies commonly known as the longwings or heliconians.
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Hemolymph
Hemolymph, or haemolymph, is a fluid, analogous to the blood in vertebrates, that circulates in the interior of the arthropod body remaining in direct contact with the animal's tissues.
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Hill-topping (biology)
Hill-topping (more often spelt hilltopping) is a mate-location behaviour seen in many insects including butterflies, dragonflies, bumblebees, wasps, beetles and flies.
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Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch.
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Honeydew (secretion)
Honeydew is a sugar-rich sticky liquid, secreted by aphids and some scale insects as they feed on plant sap.
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Hookah
A hookah (from Hindustani: हुक़्क़ा (Devanagari), (Nastaleeq), IPA:; also see other names), also known as the ḡalyān (Persian: قلیان), is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for vaporizing and smoking flavored tobacco (often Mu‘assel), or sometimes cannabis or opium, whose vapor or smoke is passed through a water basin—often glass-based—before inhalation.
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Hummingbird hawk-moth
The hummingbird hawk-moth (Macroglossum stellatarum) is a species of moth.
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Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry is the scientific study of biological, geological, and chemical processes in the environment using the distribution and relative abundance of hydrogen isotopes.
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Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.
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Imago
In biology, the imago is the last stage an insect attains during its metamorphosis, its process of growth and development; it also is called the imaginal stage, the stage in which the insect attains maturity.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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Insect migration
Insect migration is the seasonal movement of insects, particularly those by species of dragonflies, beetles, butterflies and moths.
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Insect mouthparts
Insects have a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding.
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Insect wing
Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly.
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Instar
An instar (from the Latin "form", "likeness") is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each moult (ecdysis), until sexual maturity is reached.
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Iridescence
Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear to gradually change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes.
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Jaguar
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a wild cat species and the only extant member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.
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John Luther Long
John Luther Long (January 1, 1861 – October 31, 1927) was an American lawyer and writer best known for his short story "Madame Butterfly", which was based on the recollections of his sister, Jennie Correll, who had been to Japan with her husband—a Methodist missionary.
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John Tenniel
Sir John Tenniel (28 February 1820 – 25 February 1914)Johnson, Lewis (2003).
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Jurassic
The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.
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Kjell Bloch Sandved
Kjell Bloch Sandved (October 20, 1922 – December 20, 2015) was a Norwegian born publisher, author, lecturer and nature photographer, most known for his Butterfly Alphabet which contains pictures of Butterfly Wings resembling all the 26 letters in the latin alphabet and the arabic numerals 0 to 9.
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Kyoto
, officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, located in the Kansai region of Japan.
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Lafcadio Hearn
Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χερν; 27 June 1850 – 26 September 1904), known also by the Japanese name, was a writer, known best for his books about Japan, especially his collections of Japanese legends and ghost stories, such as Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.
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Large blue
The large blue (Phengaris arion) is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
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Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
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Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans).
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Lewis Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon, and photographer.
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Lift (force)
A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it.
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Light-emitting diode
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.
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Liphyra brassolis
Liphyra brassolis, the moth butterfly, is a butterfly found in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia that belongs to the lycaenid family.
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List of butterflies of Australia
Australia has more than 400 species of butterfly, the majority of which are continental species, and more than a dozen endemic species from remote islands administered by various Australian territorial governments.
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List of butterflies of Great Britain
This is a list of butterflies of Great Britain, including extinct, naturalised species and those of dubious origin.
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List of butterflies of India
India has extremely diverse terrain, climate and vegetation, which comprises extremes of heat cold, desert and jungle, of low-lying plains and the highest mountains, of dryness and dampness, islands and continental areas, widely varying flora, and sharply marked seasons.
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List of butterflies of Menorca
Menorca is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain, with a population of approximately 88,000.
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List of butterflies of North America
This list contains links to lists with the common and scientific names of butterflies of North America north of Mexico.
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List of butterflies of Taiwan
At least 377 species of butterfly have been recorded in Taiwan, with some reports putting the number at over 400.
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List of butterflies of Tasmania
Tasmania is located south of the mainland of Australia, separated from the state of Victoria by the 240 km wide Bass Strait.
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List of butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago
List of the butterfly species of Trinidad and Tobago, an islands nation located in the Caribbean region off the northeast coast of South America.
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List of butterflies of Victoria
Victoria is a south-eastern Australian state.
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List of U.S. state butterflies
This is a list of official U.S. state butterflies.
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Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies.
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Macrolepidoptera
Macrolepidoptera is a group within the insect order Lepidoptera.
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Madama Butterfly
Madama Butterfly (Madam Butterfly) is an opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa.
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Mandible
The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.
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Manipur
Manipur is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.
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Mating plug
A mating plug in a female Richardson's ground squirrel (''Spermophilus richardsonii'') A mating plug, also known as a copulation plug, sperm plug, vaginal plug, sement or sphragis (Latin, from Greek σφραγίδα 'sfragida' a seal), is gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species.
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Maya civilization
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
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Müllerian mimicry
Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more unprofitable (often, distasteful) species, that may or may not be closely related and share one or more common predators, have come to mimic each other's honest warning signals, to their mutual benefit, since predators can learn to avoid all of them with fewer experiences.
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Melanin
Melanin (from μέλας melas, "black, dark") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.
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Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
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Miletinae
Miletinae is a subfamily of the family Lycaenidae of butterflies, commonly called harvesters and woolly legs, and virtually unique among butterflies in having predatory larvae.
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Milkweed butterfly
Milkweed butterflies are a subfamily, Danainae, in the family Nymphalidae, or brush-footed butterflies.
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Mimicry
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.
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Mircea Eliade
Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.
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MoClay
The Moclay (Moclay.
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Monarch butterfly
The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.
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Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (Reserva de Biosfera de la Mariposa Monarca) is a World Heritage Site containing most of the over-wintering sites of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly.
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Monophyly
In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
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Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.
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Moth
Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera.
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Mud-puddling
Mud-puddling, or simply puddling, is a behaviour most conspicuous in butterflies, but occurs in other animals as well, mainly insects; they seek out certain moist substances such as rotting plant matter, mud and carrion and they suck up the fluid.
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Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism or interspecific cooperation is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.
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Myrmecophily
Myrmecophily (literally "ant-love") is the term applied to positive interspecies associations between ants and a variety of other organisms such as plants, other arthropods, and fungi.
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Myrmica
Myrmica is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae.
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Naga people
The Naga people are an ethnic group conglomerating of several tribes native to the North Eastern part of India and north-western Myanmar (Burma).
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Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.
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Natural history
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.
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Nearctic realm
The Nearctic is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
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Nectar
Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide antiherbivore protection.
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Neotropical realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
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Neurohormone
A neurohormone is any hormone produced and released by neuroendocrine cells (also called neurosecretory cells) into the blood.
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New South Wales
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.
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Norwegians
Norwegians (nordmenn) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Norway.
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Nuptial gift
Nuptial gifts are food items or inedible tokens that are transferred to females by males during courtship or copulation.
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Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world, belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea.
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Nymphalis antiopa
Nymphalis antiopa, known as the mourning cloak in North America and the Camberwell beauty in Britain, is a large butterfly native to Eurasia and North America.
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Oceania
Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.
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Ocybadistes knightorum
Ocybadistes knightorum is a butterfly of the Hesperiidae family.
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Oeneis melissa
No description.
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Old Dutch
In linguistics, Old Dutch or Old Low Franconian is the set of Franconian dialects (i.e. dialects that evolved from Frankish) spoken in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages, from around the 5th to the 12th century.
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Old English
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Old High German
Old High German (OHG, Althochdeutsch, German abbr. Ahd.) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 700 to 1050.
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Omen
An omen (also called portent or presage) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change.
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Opera
Opera (English plural: operas; Italian plural: opere) is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers.
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Order (biology)
In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.
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Osmeterium
The osmeterium is a defensive organ found in all papilionid larvae, in all stages.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.
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Pachliopta aristolochiae
Pachliopta aristolochiae, the common rose, is a swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus Pachliopta, the roses, or red-bodied swallowtails.
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Pachliopta hector
Pachliopta hector, the crimson rose, is a large swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus Pachliopta (roses) of the red-bodied swallowtails.
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Palearctic realm
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight biogeographic realms on the Earth's surface, first identified in the 19th century, and still in use today as the basis for zoogeographic classification.
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Paleocene
The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "old recent", is a geological epoch that lasted from about.
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Papilio cresphontes
The giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) is the largest butterfly in North America.
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Papilio machaon
Papilio machaon, the Old World swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae.
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Papilio polytes
Papilio polytes, the common Mormon, is a common species of swallowtail butterfly widely distributed across Asia.
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Papilionoidea
The superfamily Papilionoidea (from the genus Papilio, meaning "butterfly") contains all the butterflies except for the moth-like Hedyloidea.
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Paraphyly
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host and at the host's expense, and which sooner or later kills it.
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Parasitoid wasp
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita.
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Parnassius
Parnassius is a genus of northern circumpolar and montane (alpine and Himalayan) butterflies usually known as Apollos or snow Apollos.
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Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis (from the Greek label + label) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.
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Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
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Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
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Pieridae
The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America.
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Pieris brassicae
Pieris brassicae, the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.
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Pieris rapae
Pieris rapae, the small white, is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae.
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Plant defense against herbivory
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
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Pollen
Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).
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Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Polyphenism
A polyphenic trait is a trait for which multiple, discrete phenotypes can arise from a single genotype as a result of differing environmental conditions.
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Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).
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Proboscis
A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate.
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Prodryas
Prodryas persephone is an extinct butterfly, known from a single specimen from the Chadronian-aged Florissant Shale Lagerstatte of Late Eocene Colorado.
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Proleg
A proleg is a small, fleshy, stub structure found on the ventral surface of the abdomen of most larval forms of insects of the order Lepidoptera, though they can also be found on other larval insects such as sawflies and a few types of flies.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Prothoracicotropic hormone
Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) was the first insect hormone to be discovered.
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Protozoa
Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.
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Pupa
A pupa (pūpa, "doll"; plural: pūpae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages.
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Queen Alexandra's birdwing
Ornithoptera alexandrae, the Queen Alexandra's birdwing, is the largest butterfly in the world, with females reaching wingspans slightly in excess of 25 cm (9.8 inches).
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Reincarnation
Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death.
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Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies.
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Scale insect
The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha.
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Sclerotin
Sclerotin is a component of the cuticles of various Arthropoda, most familiarly insects.
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Sensillum
A sensillum (pl.
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Seta
In biology, setae (singular seta; from the Latin word for "bristle") are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms.
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Sex-determination system
A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.
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Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.
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Simple eye in invertebrates
A simple eye (sometimes called a pigment pit) refers to a type of eye form or optical arrangement that contains a single lens.
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Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a family, Hesperiidae, of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies).
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Spalgis epius
Spalgis epius, the apefly, is a small butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family, found in Indomalayan realm.
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Spermatophore
A spermatophore or sperm ampulla is a capsule or mass containing spermatozoa created by males of various animal species, especially salamanders and arthropods, and transferred in entirety to the female's ovipore during reproduction.
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Spiracle
Spiracles are openings on the surface of some animals, which usually lead to respiratory systems.
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Stridulation
Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts.
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Structural coloration
Structural coloration is the production of colour by microscopically structured surfaces fine enough to interfere with visible light, sometimes in combination with pigments.
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Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives.
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Swallowtail butterfly
Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Taira no Masakado
was a samurai in the Heian period of Japan, who led one of the largest insurgent forces in the period against the central government of Kyoto.
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Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.
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Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
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Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
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Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan, (in Spanish: Teotihuacán), is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas.
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The Very Hungry Caterpillar
The Very Hungry Caterpillar is a children's picture book designed, illustrated, and written by Eric Carle, first published by the World Publishing Company in 1969, later published by Penguin Putnam.
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Thorax (insect anatomy)
The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the insect body.
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Torkel Weis-Fogh
Torkel Weis-Fogh (25 March 1922 – 13 November 1975) was a Danish zoologist and Professor at the University of Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen.
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Transgender
Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.
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Tropics
The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.
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Turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.
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Uric acid
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.
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Vanessa atalanta
Vanessa atalanta, the red admiral or previously, the red admirable, is a well-characterized, medium-sized butterfly with black wings, orange bands, and white spots.
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Vanessa cardui
Vanessa cardui is a well-known colorful butterfly, known as the painted lady, or in North America as the cosmopolitan.
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Viola (plant)
Viola (and) is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae.
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Voltinism
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year.
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Vortex
In fluid dynamics, a vortex (plural vortices/vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved.
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Wasp
A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.
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Wind tunnel
A wind tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past solid objects.
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Wing coupling
Some four-winged insect orders, such as the Lepidoptera, have developed a wide variety of morphological wing coupling mechanisms in the imago which render these taxa as "functionally dipterous" (effectively two-winged) for efficient insect flight.
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Zapotec peoples
The Zapotecs (Zoogocho Zapotec: Didxažoŋ) are an indigenous people of Mexico.
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ZW sex-determination system
The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), and some reptiles, including Komodo dragons.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly
