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California Gold Rush

Index California Gold Rush

The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. [1]

277 relations: Act for the Government and Protection of Indians, Aerospace manufacturer, African Americans, Alta California, Amalgam (chemistry), American River, Anacapa Island, Angels Camp, California, Appalachian Mountains, Arbitral tribunal, Auburn, California, Australian gold rushes, Avoirdupois system, Bakersfield, California, Barbary Coast, San Francisco, Basques, Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad), Bloody Island massacre, Bodie, California, Boomtown, Brazil, Bret Harte, Bridge Gulch massacre, Brigham Young University, Business cycle, California, California Constitutional Conventions, California Genocide, California gold coinage, California Republic, California State Legislature, California State Mining and Mineral Museum, California State Route 49, California State University, Long Beach, California State University, Stanislaus, California Trail, Californio, Caribbean, Central Valley (California), Charles Crocker, Chile, Chilean wheat cycle, China, Chinese people, Cholera, Coin, Collis Potter Huntington, Coloma, California, Columbia Pictures, Columbia State Historic Park, ..., Columbia, California, Compromise of 1850, Constitution of California, Constitutional convention (political meeting), Contra Costa County, California, Cornwall, Currency, Death squad, Dolaucothi Gold Mines, Dot-com bubble, Douglas Aircraft Company, Dredging, Drytown, California, East Coast of the United States, Ecology of the Sierra Nevada, Economy of California, Editorial Universitaria, Edmond Edward Wysinger, Edward Hargraves, Entrepreneurship, Erosion, Eureka (word), Federal Highway Administration, Filipinos, Film studio, First Transcontinental Railroad, French people, Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, General Mining Act of 1872, Germans, Ghost town, Gila River, Gold, Gold as an investment, Gold Country, Gold in California, Gold mining, Gold Mountain (toponym), Gold panning, Gold rush, Grass Valley, California, Gravel, Great Britain, Great Seal of California, H. W. Brands, Han Chinese, Happy Camp, California, Harold B. Lee Library, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, Heavy metals, Heinrich Lienhard, Heyday Books, Hispanic, History of Chinese Americans, History of Los Angeles, History of Oregon, History of rail transportation in California, History of San Francisco, Hughes Aircraft Company, Hundredweight, Hushing, Hydraulic mining, Immigration, Indigenous peoples of California, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Isthmus of Panama, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Italy, Jackson, California, James K. Polk, James Lick, James W. Marshall, Joaquin Miller, Joaquin Murrieta, John C. Frémont, John Sutter, Keelboat, Kevin Starr, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Library, Land claim, Las Médulas, Latin America, Lava, Lawyers Bar, California, Leland Stanford, Leland Yee, Levi Strauss, Levi Strauss & Co., Lick Observatory, Limmat Verlag, List of California State Historic Parks, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, Lockheed Martin, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Times, Louise Clappe, Mark Hopkins Jr., Mark Twain, McGraw-Hill Education, Merchant, Mercury (element), Mercury contamination in California waterways, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Mexican–American War, Mexico, Miner, Mining, Mining accident, Mining in Roman Britain, Missouri River, Modern Library, Moses Rodgers, National Football League, Native Americans in the United States, Nevada City, California, New Helvetia, New York Herald, Newhall, Santa Clarita, California, Nicaragua, North American Aviation, Northern California, Northrop Corporation, Oakland Museum of California, Oregon, Oregon Territory, Ottoman Empire, Outlaw, Oxford University Press, Pacific Mail Steamship Company, Panama, Panama Canal Railway, Paramount Pictures, Pennsylvania, Peru, Peter Hardeman Burnett, Placer County, California, Placer deposit, Placer mining, Placerville, California, Plate tectonics, Portuguese Flat, California, Preemption Act of 1841, Prospecting, Prostitution, Quartz, Rancho San Francisco, Republican Party (United States), Revolutions of 1848, Riverboat, RKO Pictures, Rocker box, Roman Empire, Rough and Ready, California, Russell Thornton, Sacramento River, Sacramento, California, Samuel Brannan, San Francisco, San Francisco 49ers, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco Mint, Santa Clara County, California, Scott Valley, Secretary of State of California, Sergio Villalobos, Shasta County, California, Shasta, California, Shock (economics), Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Signal Hill, California, Silt, Siskiyou County, California, Siskiyou Trail, Sluice, Sonora, Sonora, California, Southern California, Southern United States, Spanish language, Squatting, SS Central America, State highways in California, Steamship, Susan Armitage, Sutter's Mill, Taoism, Taxation in the United States, Territories of the United States, The Carolinas, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, Tonne, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Trinity County, California, Trinity River (California), Tropical cyclone, Troy weight, Typhoid fever, U.S. state, United Artists, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United States Congress, United States dollar, United States Geological Survey, Universal Pictures, University of California Press, University of Nebraska Press, University of New Mexico Press, University of North Carolina Press, University of Oklahoma Press, Ventura County, California, Veracruz (city), Vigilante, Volcano, W. W. Norton & Company, Wagon train, Wales, Warner Bros., Washington, D.C., Water wheel, Weaverville, California, Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area, Winfield Scott (ship), Wintu, Women in the California Gold Rush, Yreka, California, 20th Century Fox. Expand index (227 more) »

Act for the Government and Protection of Indians

The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (Chapter 133, Cal. Stats., April 22, 1850) was enacted by the first session of the California State Legislature.

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Aerospace manufacturer

An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft.

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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Alta California

Alta California (Upper California), founded in 1769 by Gaspar de Portolà, was a polity of New Spain, and, after the Mexican War of Independence in 1822, a territory of Mexico.

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Amalgam (chemistry)

An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal, which may be a liquid, a soft paste or a solid, depending upon the proportion of mercury.

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American River

The American River (Río de los Americanos during the period before 1847 ruled by Mexico) is a 120-mile-long river in California that runs from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to its confluence with the Sacramento River in the Sacramento Valley.

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Anacapa Island

Anacapa Island (Chumash: 'Anyapakh) is a small volcanic island located about off the coast of Port Hueneme, California, in Ventura County.

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Angels Camp, California

Angels Camp, also known as City of Angels and formerly Angel's Camp, Angels, Angels City, Carson's Creek and Clearlake, is the only incorporated city in Calaveras County, California, United States.

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Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains (les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.

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Arbitral tribunal

An arbitral tribunal (or arbitration tribunal) is a panel of one or more adjudicators which is convened and sits to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration.

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Auburn, California

Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County, California.

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Australian gold rushes

During the Australian gold rushes, significant numbers of workers (both from other areas within Australia and from overseas) relocated to areas in which gold had been discovered.

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Avoirdupois system

The avoirdupois system (abbreviated avdp) is a measurement system of weights which uses pounds and ounces as units.

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Bakersfield, California

Bakersfield is a city in and the county seat of Kern County, California, United States.

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Barbary Coast, San Francisco

The Barbary Coast was a red-light district during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in San Francisco which featured dance halls, concert saloons, bars, jazz clubs, variety shows, and brothels.

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Basques

No description.

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Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)

"The Big Four" was the name popularly given to the famous and influential businessmen, philanthropists and railroad tycoons who built the Central Pacific Railroad, (C.P.R.R.), which formed the western portion through the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States, built from the mid-continent at the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean during the middle and late 1860s.

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Bloody Island massacre

The Bloody Island massacre (also called the Clear Lake massacre) occurred on an island called in the Pomo language, Bo-no-po-ti or Badon-napo-ti (Island Village), at the north end of Clear Lake, Lake County, California, on May 15, 1850.

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Bodie, California

Bodie is a ghost town in the Bodie Hills east of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Mono County, California, United States, about southeast of Lake Tahoe.

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Boomtown

A boomtown is a community that undergoes sudden and rapid population and economic growth, or that is started from scratch.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Bret Harte

Francis Bret Harte (August 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902) was an American short story writer and poet, best remembered for his short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush.

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Bridge Gulch massacre

The Bridge Gulch massacre, also known as the Hayfork massacre or Natural Bridge massacre, occurred on April 23, 1852, when more than 150 Wintu people were killed by about 70 American men led by William H. Dixon, the sheriff of Trinity County in northern California.

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Brigham Young University

Brigham Young University (BYU, sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y) is a private, non-profit research university in Provo, Utah, United States completely owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon Church) and run under the auspices of its Church Educational System.

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Business cycle

The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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California Constitutional Conventions

The California Constitutional Conventions were two separate constitutional conventions that took place in California during the nineteenth century which led to the creation of the modern Constitution of California.

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California Genocide

The California Genocide refers to the violence, relocation, and starvation that led to a decrease in the indigenous population of California as a result of the US occupation of California.

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California gold coinage

California gold coinage is a broad category of privately-issued coin-like items that were used in place of official currency in the United States territory (later state) of California during the gold rush of 1849.

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California Republic

The California Republic was an unrecognized breakaway state that, for 25 days in 1846, militarily controlled an area north of San Francisco, in and around what is now Sonoma County in California.

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California State Legislature

The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of California.

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California State Mining and Mineral Museum

The California State Mining and Mineral Museum is a museum in the state park system of California, USA, interpreting the state's mineral resources and mining heritage.

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California State Route 49

State Route 49 (SR 49) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California that passes through many historic mining communities of the 1849 California gold rush.

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California State University, Long Beach

California State University, Long Beach (CSULB; also known as Long Beach State, Cal State Long Beach, LBSU, or The Beach) is the third largest campus of the 23-school California State University system (CSU) and one of the largest universities in the state of California by enrollment, its student body numbering 37,776 for the Fall 2016 semester.

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California State University, Stanislaus

California State University, Stanislaus (also known as Stanislaus State or simply Stan State and formerly known as CSU Stanislaus) is a campus in the 23-school California State University system which was established in 1957 in Turlock, California, United States.

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California Trail

The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.

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Californio

Californio (historical and regional Spanish for "Californian") is a Spanish term with widely varying interpretations.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Central Valley (California)

The Central Valley is a flat valley that dominates the geographical center of the U.S. state of California.

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Charles Crocker

Charles Crocker (September 16, 1822 – August 14, 1888) was an American railroad executive who founded the Central Pacific Railroad, which constructed the westernmost portion of the first transcontinental railroad, and took control with partners of the Southern Pacific Railroad.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Chilean wheat cycle

In Chilean historiography, the wheat cycle (Spanish: ciclo triguero) refers to two episodes of booming wheat exports and related changes in society and agriculture.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese people

Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship or other affiliation.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Coin

A coin is a small, flat, (usually) round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender.

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Collis Potter Huntington

Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 – August 13, 1900) was one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who built the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad.

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Coloma, California

Coloma (formerly, Colluma and Culloma) is a census-designated place in El Dorado County, California, USA.

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Columbia Pictures

Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese multinational conglomerate Sony Corporation.

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Columbia State Historic Park

Columbia State Historic Park, also known as Columbia Historic District, is a state park unit and National Historic Landmark District preserving historic downtown Columbia, California, USA.

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Columbia, California

Columbia is a town located in the Sierra Nevada foothills, in Tuolumne County, California, United States.

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Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

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Constitution of California

The Constitution of the State of California is the constitution of California, describing the duties, powers, structure and function of the government of California.

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Constitutional convention (political meeting)

A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution.

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Contra Costa County, California

Contra Costa County is a county in the state of California in the United States.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Currency

A currency (from curraunt, "in circulation", from currens, -entis), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins.

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Death squad

A death squad is an armed group that conducts extrajudicial killings or forced disappearances of persons for the purposes of political repression, genocide, or revolutionary terror.

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Dolaucothi Gold Mines

The Dolaucothi Gold Mines (Mwynfeydd Aur Dolaucothi), also known as the Ogofau Gold Mine, are ancient Roman surface and underground mines located in the valley of the River Cothi, near Pumsaint, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

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Dot-com bubble

The dot-com bubble (also known as the dot-com boom, the dot-com crash, the Y2K crash, the Y2K bubble, the tech bubble, the Internet bubble, the dot-com collapse, and the information technology bubble) was a historic economic bubble and period of excessive speculation that occurred roughly from 1997 to 2001, a period of extreme growth in the usage and adaptation of the Internet.

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Douglas Aircraft Company

The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace manufacturer based in Southern California.

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Dredging

Dredging is an excavation activity usually carried out underwater, in harbours, shallow seas or freshwater areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments to deepen or widen the sea bottom / channel.

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Drytown, California

Drytown (formerly, Dry Town) is a census-designated place in Amador County, California.

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East Coast of the United States

The East Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Ecology of the Sierra Nevada

The ecology of the Sierra Nevada, located in the U.S. state of California, is diverse and complex: the plants and animals are a significant part of the scenic beauty of the mountain range.

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Economy of California

The economy of California is dominated by farming, science and technology, trade, media and tourism.

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Editorial Universitaria

Editorial Universitaria is Chilean university press based in Santiago.

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Edmond Edward Wysinger

Edmond Edward Wysinger (1816–1891) was an African American pioneer in California, arriving around October 1849 at the beginning of the California Gold Rush.

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Edward Hargraves

Edward Hammond Hargraves (7 October 1816 – 29 October 1891) was a gold prospector who claimed to have found gold in Australia in 1851, starting an Australian gold rush.

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Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business.

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Erosion

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).

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Eureka (word)

Eureka (Εύρηκα) is an interjection used to celebrate a discovery or invention.

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Federal Highway Administration

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation.

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Filipinos

Filipinos (Mga Pilipino) are the people who are native to, or identified with the country of the Philippines.

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Film studio

title.

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First Transcontinental Railroad

The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the "Overland Route") was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.

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French people

The French (Français) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France.

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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

The Fugitive Slave Law or Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers.

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General Mining Act of 1872

The General Mining Act of 1872 is a United States federal law that authorizes and governs prospecting and mining for economic minerals, such as gold, platinum, and silver, on federal public lands.

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Germans

Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.

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Ghost town

A ghost town is an abandoned village, town, or city, usually one that contains substantial visible remains.

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Gila River

The Gila River (O'odham Pima: Keli Akimel or simply Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siʼil) is a tributary of the Colorado River flowing through New Mexico and Arizona in the United States.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Gold as an investment

Of all the precious metals, gold is the most popular as an investment.

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Gold Country

The Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a historic region in the northern portion of the U.S. State of California, that is primarily on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada.

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Gold in California

Gold became highly concentrated in California, United States as the result of global forces operating over hundreds of millions of years.

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Gold mining

Gold mining is the resource extraction of gold by mining.

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Gold Mountain (toponym)

Gold Mountain ("Gam Saan" in Cantonese, often rendered in English as Gum Shan or Gumshan) is a commonly used nickname for San Francisco, California, and historically used broadly by Chinese to refer to western regions of North America, including British Columbia, Canada.

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Gold panning

Gold panning, or simply panning, is a form of placer mining and traditional mining that extracts gold from a placer deposit using a pan.

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Gold rush

A gold rush is a new discovery of gold—sometimes accompanied by other precious metals and rare earth minerals—that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune.

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Grass Valley, California

The city of Grass Valley is the largest city in the western region of Nevada County, California, United States.

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Gravel

Gravel is a loose aggregation of rock fragments.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Great Seal of California

The Great Seal of the State of California was adopted at the California state Constitutional Convention of 1849 and has undergone minor design changes since then, the last being the standardization of the seal in 1937.

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H. W. Brands

Henry William Brands Jr. (born August 7, 1953 in Portland, Oregon) is an American educator, author and historian.

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese,.

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Happy Camp, California

Happy Camp (Karuk: athithúf-vuunupma) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Siskiyou County, California in the United States.

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Harold B. Lee Library

The Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL) is the main academic library of Brigham Young University (BYU) located in Provo, Utah.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hawaiian Islands

The Hawaiian Islands (Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaiokinai in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll.

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Heavy metals

Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers.

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Heinrich Lienhard

Johann Heinrich Lienhard (January 19, 1822, Bilten, Canton Glarus – December 19, 1903, Nauvoo, Illinois) was a Swiss immigrant to the United States.

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Heyday Books

Heyday is an independent nonprofit publisher based in Berkeley, California.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.

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History of Chinese Americans

The history of Chinese Americans or the history of ethnic Chinese in the United States relates to the three major waves of Chinese immigration to the United States with the first beginning in the 19th century.

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History of Los Angeles

The written history of Los Angeles city and county began with a Colonial Mexican town that was founded by 11 Mexican families which were known as "Los Pobladores" that established a settlement in Southern California that changed little in the three decades after 1848, when California became part of the United States.

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History of Oregon

The history of Oregon, a U.S. state, may be considered in five eras: geologic history, inhabitation by native peoples, early exploration by Europeans (primarily fur traders), settlement by pioneers, and modern development.

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History of rail transportation in California

The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines securely linked California to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed to the state’s social, political, and economic development.

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History of San Francisco

The history of the city of San Francisco, California, and its development as a center of maritime trade, were shaped by its location at the entrance to a large natural harbor.

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Hughes Aircraft Company

The Hughes Aircraft Company was a major American aerospace and defense contractor founded in 1932 by Howard Hughes in Glendale, California as a division of Hughes Tool Company.

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Hundredweight

The hundredweight (abbreviation: cwt), formerly also known as the centum weight or quintal, is an English, imperial, and US customary unit of weight or mass of various values.

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Hushing

Hushing is an ancient and historic mining method using a flood or torrent of water to reveal mineral veins.

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Hydraulic mining

Hydraulic mining, or hydraulicking, is a form of mining that uses high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment.

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Immigration

Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

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Indigenous peoples of California

The Indigenous peoples of California (known as Native Californians) are the indigenous inhabitants who have lived or currently live in the geographic area within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Isthmus of Panama

The Isthmus of Panama (Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America.

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Isthmus of Tehuantepec

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec is an isthmus in Mexico.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Jackson, California

Jackson (formerly, Botilleas, Botilleas Spring, Bottileas, Bottle Spring, and Botellas) is the county seat of Amador County, California.

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James K. Polk

James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was an American politician who served as the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849).

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James Lick

James Lick (August 25, 1796 – October 1, 1876) was an American carpenter, piano builder, land baron, and patron of the sciences.

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James W. Marshall

James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 – August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush.

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Joaquin Miller

Cincinnatus Heine Miller (September 8, 1837 – February 17, 1913), better known by his pen name Joaquin Miller, was an American poet and frontiersman.

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Joaquin Murrieta

Joaquin Murrieta Carrillo (sometimes spelled Murieta or Murietta) (1829 – July 25, 1853), also called The Robin Hood of the West or the Robin Hood of El Dorado, was a famous vaquero, and gold miner in California during the California Gold Rush of the 1850s.

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John C. Frémont

John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, politician, and soldier who, in 1856, became the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.

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John Sutter

John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880), born Johann August Suter, was a German-born Swiss pioneer of California known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital.

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Keelboat

A keelboat is a riverine cargo-capable working boat, or a small- to mid-sized recreational sailing yacht.

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Kevin Starr

Kevin Owen Starr (September 3, 1940 – January 14, 2017) was an American historian and California's State Librarian, best known for his multi-volume series on the history of California, collectively called "Americans and the California Dream." After an impoverished childhood, he received degrees from various universities where he studied history and literature.

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L. Tom Perry Special Collections Library

The L. Tom Perry Special Collections Library is the rare book and manuscript library at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah.

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Land claim

Land claim(s) are a legal declaration of desired control over areas of property including bodies of water.

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Las Médulas

Las Médulas is a historic gold-mining site near the town of Ponferrada in the comarca of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain).

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Lava

Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.

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Lawyers Bar, California

Lawyers Bar (also, Sawyers Bar) was a settlement in Klamath County now Del Norte County, California, United States.

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Leland Stanford

Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824June 21, 1893) was an American tycoon, industrialist, politician, and the founder (with his wife, Jane) of Stanford University.

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Leland Yee

Leland Yin Yee (born November 20, 1948) is a former Democratic California State Senator for District 8, which when he was elected, covered parts of San Francisco and the Peninsula.

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Levi Strauss

Levi Strauss (born Löb Strauß,; February 26, 1829 – September 26, 1902) was a German-American businessman who founded the first company to manufacture blue jeans.

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Levi Strauss & Co.

Levi Strauss & Co. is a privately held American clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's brand of denim jeans.

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Lick Observatory

The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory, owned and operated by the University of California.

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Limmat Verlag

Limmat Verlag is a Swiss publishing house, headquartered at Quellenstrasse 25, 8003 Zürich, Switzerland.

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List of California State Historic Parks

List of California State Historic Parks — a division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation, for historic sites in California.

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List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

A state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government.

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Lockheed Martin

Lockheed Martin is an American global aerospace, defense, security and advanced technologies company with worldwide interests.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Louise Clappe

Louise Amelia Knapp Clappe (née Smith; July 28, 1819 – 1906) was born in New Jersey, spent most of her youth and young adult life in Massachusetts, and later moved out West to Quincy, California in Plumas County with her husband Fayette Clapp.

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Mark Hopkins Jr.

Mark Hopkins (September 1, 1813 – March 29, 1878) was one of four principal investors who formed the Central Pacific Railroad along with Leland Stanford, Charles Crocker, and Collis Huntington in 1861.

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Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.

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McGraw-Hill Education

McGraw-Hill Education (MHE) is a learning science company and one of the "big three" educational publishers that provides customized educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Merchant

A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Mercury contamination in California waterways

Mercury contamination in California waterways posed a threat to both the environment and human health.

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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (initialized as MGM or hyphenated as M-G-M, also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or simply Metro, and for a former interval known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, or MGM/UA) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs.

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Mexican–American War

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Miner

A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, or other mineral from the earth through mining.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.

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Mining accident

A mining accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining minerals.

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Mining in Roman Britain

Mining was one of the most prosperous activities in Roman Britain.

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Missouri River

The Missouri River is the longest river in North America.

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Modern Library

The Modern Library is an American publishing company.

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Moses Rodgers

Moses Logan Rodgers (1835 - October 22, 1900) African American pioneer of California, arriving in 1849—the beginning of the California Gold Rush.

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National Football League

The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC).

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Nevada City, California

Nevada City (originally, Ustumah, a Nisenan village; later, Nevada, Deer Creek Dry Diggins, and Caldwell's Upper Store) is the county seat of Nevada County, California, United States, located northeast of Sacramento and 28 miles north of Auburn.

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New Helvetia

New Helvetia (Spanish: Nueva Helvetia), meaning "New Switzerland", was a 19th-century Mexican-era Alta California settlement and rancho, centered in present-day Sacramento, California.

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New York Herald

The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between May 6, 1835, and 1924 when it merged with the New-York Tribune.

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Newhall, Santa Clarita, California

Newhall is the southernmost and oldest community of Santa Clarita, California.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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North American Aviation

North American Aviation (NAA) was a major American aerospace manufacturer, responsible for a number of historic aircraft, including the T-6 Texan trainer, the P-51 Mustang fighter, the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the F-86 Sabre jet fighter, the X-15 rocket plane, and the XB-70, as well as Apollo Command and Service Module, the second stage of the Saturn V rocket, the Space Shuttle orbiter and the B-1 Lancer.

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Northern California

Northern California (colloquially known as NorCal or "The Northstate" for the northern interior counties north of Sacramento to the Oregon stateline) is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California.

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Northrop Corporation

Northrop Corporation was a leading United States aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1939 until its 1994 merger with Grumman to form Northrop Grumman.

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Oakland Museum of California

The Oakland Museum of California or OMCA (formerly the Oakland Museum) is an interdisciplinary museum dedicated to the art, history, and natural science of California, located in Oakland, California.

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Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.

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Oregon Territory

The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Outlaw

In historical legal systems, an outlaw is declared as outside the protection of the law.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pacific Mail Steamship Company

The Pacific Mail Steamship Company was founded April 18, 1848, as a joint stock company under the laws of the State of New York by a group of New York City merchants, William H. Aspinwall, Edwin Bartlett, Henry Chauncey, Mr.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Panama Canal Railway

The Panama Canal Railway (Ferrocarril de Panamá) is a railway line that runs parallel to the Panama Canal, linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in Central America.

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Paramount Pictures

Paramount Pictures Corporation (also known simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Peter Hardeman Burnett

Peter Hardeman Burnett (November 15, 1807May 17, 1895) was an American politician and the first Governor of California as a state in the U.S., serving from December 20, 1849, to January 9, 1851, and the first to resign from office.

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Placer County, California

Placer County, officially the County of Placer, is a county in the U.S. state of California.

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Placer deposit

In geology, a placer deposit or placer is an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation from a specific source rock during sedimentary processes.

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Placer mining

Placer mining is the mining of stream bed (alluvial) deposits for minerals.

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Placerville, California

Placerville (formerly Old Dry Diggings, Dry Diggings, and Hangtown) is the county seat of El Dorado County, California.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

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Portuguese Flat, California

Portuguese Flat was a California mining camp of the early 1850s during the California Gold Rush, consisting largely of Portuguese miners.

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Preemption Act of 1841

The Preemption Act of 1841, also known as the Distributive Preemption Act (27 Cong., Ch. 16), was a federal law approved on September 4, 1841 during the early presidency of John Tyler.

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Prospecting

Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (second – exploration) of a territory.

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Prostitution

Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.

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Quartz

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.

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Rancho San Francisco

Rancho San Francisco was a land grant in present-day northwestern Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County, California.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Revolutions of 1848

The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, People's Spring, Springtime of the Peoples, or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848.

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Riverboat

A riverboat is a watercraft designed for inland navigation on lakes, rivers, and artificial waterways.

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RKO Pictures

RKO Pictures was an American film production and distribution company.

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Rocker box

A rocker box (also known as a cradle) is a gold mining implement for separating alluvial placer gold from sand and gravel which was used in placer mining in the 19th century.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Rough and Ready, California

Rough and Ready is a census-designated place in Nevada County, California, United States.

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Russell Thornton

Russell Thornton (born 20 February 1942) is a Cherokee-American anthropologist and professor of anthropology at the University of California at Los Angeles, who is known for his studies of Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas.

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Sacramento River

The Sacramento River is the principal river of Northern California in the United States, and is the largest river in California.

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Sacramento, California

Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County.

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Samuel Brannan

Samuel Brannan (March 2, 1819 – May 5, 1889) was an American settler, businessman, journalist, and prominent Mormon who founded the California Star, the first newspaper in San Francisco, California.

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San Francisco

San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.

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San Francisco 49ers

The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team located in the San Francisco Bay Area.

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San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Bay is a shallow estuary in the US state of California.

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San Francisco Mint

The San Francisco Mint is a branch of the United States Mint and was opened in 1854 to serve the gold mines of the California Gold Rush.

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Santa Clara County, California

Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara, is California's 6th most populous county, with a population was 1,781,642, as of the 2010 census.

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Scott Valley

Scott Valley is a large, scenic rural area of western Siskiyou County, California, known for its vistas of the Marble Mountains, cattle and dairy ranches, and its historic background as a gold mining area, dating back to the days of the California Gold Rush.

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Secretary of State of California

The Secretary of State of California is the chief clerk of the U.S. State of California, overseeing a department of 500 people.

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Sergio Villalobos

Sergio Villalobos Rivera (born 1930) is a Chilean historian, and Chilean National History Award in 1992.

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Shasta County, California

Shasta County, officially the County of Shasta, is a county in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California.

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Shasta, California

Shasta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States.

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Shock (economics)

In economics, a shock is an unexpected or unpredictable event that affects an economy, either positively or negatively.

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Sierra Nevada (U.S.)

The Sierra Nevada (snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin.

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Signal Hill, California

Signal Hill is a city (2.2 mi², 5.7 km²) in Los Angeles County, California located in the Greater Los Angeles area.

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Silt

Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.

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Siskiyou County, California

Siskiyou County is a county in the northernmost part of the U.S. state of California.

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Siskiyou Trail

The Siskiyou Trail stretched from California's Central Valley to Oregon's Willamette Valley; modern-day Interstate 5 follows this pioneer path.

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Sluice

A sluice (from the Dutch "sluis") is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate.

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Sonora

Sonora, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Sonora (Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora), is one of 31 states that, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of United Mexican States.

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Sonora, California

Sonora is the county seat of Tuolumne County, California.

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Southern California

Southern California (colloquially known as SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost counties.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Squatting

Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use.

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SS Central America

SS Central America, known as the Ship of Gold, was a sidewheel steamer that operated between Central America and the eastern coast of the United States during the 1850s.

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State highways in California

The state highway system of the U.S. state of California is a network of highways that are owned and maintained by the Highway Division of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans).

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Steamship

A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically drive (turn) propellers or paddlewheels.

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Susan Armitage

Susan Armitage is an American historian.

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Sutter's Mill

Sutter's Mill was a sawmill, owned by 19th-century pioneer John Sutter, where gold was found, setting off the California Gold Rush, a major event of the history of the United States.

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Taoism

Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as ''Dao'').

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Taxation in the United States

The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local government(s) with taxes imposed at each of these levels.

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Territories of the United States

Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States (U.S.) federal government.

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The Carolinas

The Carolinas are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina, considered collectively.

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The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County

"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is an 1865 short story by Mark Twain.

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Tonne

The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

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Trinity County, California

Trinity County is a county in the northwestern part of the state of California.

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Trinity River (California)

The Trinity River (originally called the Hoopa or Hupa by the Yurok, and hun' by the Natinixwe/Hupa people) is a major river in northwestern California in the United States, and is the principal tributary of the Klamath River.

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Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

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Troy weight

Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones.

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Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to ''Salmonella'' typhi that causes symptoms.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United Artists

United Artists (UA) is an American film and television entertainment studio.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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Universal Pictures

Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal.

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University of California Press

University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

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University of Nebraska Press

The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.

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University of New Mexico Press

The University of New Mexico Press, founded in 1929, is a university press that is part of the University of New Mexico.

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University of North Carolina Press

The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a university press that is part of the University of North Carolina.

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University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.

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Ventura County, California

Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of California.

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Veracruz (city)

Veracruz, officially known as Heroica Veracruz, is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz.

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Vigilante

A vigilante is a civilian or organization acting in a law enforcement capacity (or in the pursuit of self-perceived justice) without legal authority.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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W. W. Norton & Company

W.

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Wagon train

A wagon train is a group of wagons traveling together.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Warner Bros.

Warner Bros.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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Water wheel

A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.

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Weaverville, California

Weaverville is a census designated place and the county seat of Trinity County, California in the United States.

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Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area

The Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area is a United States National Recreation Area in northern California.

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Winfield Scott (ship)

Ships named Winfield Scott have been.

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Wintu

The Wintu (also Northern Wintun) are Native Americans who live in what is now Northern California.

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Women in the California Gold Rush

Women in the California Gold Rush, which began in Northern California in 1848, initially included Spanish descendants, or Californios, who already lived in California, Native American women, and rapidly arriving immigrant women from all over the world.

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Yreka, California

Yreka is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States, located near the Shasta River at 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level and covering about 10.1 sq mi (26 km2) area, of which most is land.

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20th Century Fox

Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, doing business as 20th Century Fox, is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush

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