Communication

425 relations: Afton, Wyoming, Alexander von Humboldt, Alkali sink, Allegheny Mountains, Almo, Idaho, Amador County, California, American bison, American Civil War, American Fur Company, American River, Antarctica, Applegate Trail, Arizona, Atchison, Kansas, Auburn, California, Auburn, Wyoming, Bacon, Bartleson–Bidwell Party, Bean, Bear River (Feather River tributary), Bear River (Great Salt Lake), Bear River City, Utah, Beaver, Beckwourth Pass, Benjamin Bonneville, Beowawe, Nevada, Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Big Blue River (Kansas), Big Piney, Wyoming, Big Sandy River (Wyoming), Black pepper, Black Rock Desert, Blacksmith, Bleeding Kansas, Bonneville Salt Flats, Box Elder County, Utah, Bozeman Trail, Bridle, Brigham Young, Brownsville, Pennsylvania, Bureau of Land Management, Butterfield Overland Mail, Cache Valley, Calaveras Big Trees State Park, Caleb Greenwood, California, California Battalion, California Gold Rush, California Road, California State Route 108, ..., California State Route 162, California State Route 178, California State Route 20, California State Route 4, California State Route 44, California State Route 49, California State Route 70, California State Route 88, California State Route 89, Californio, Callao, Utah, Camp Floyd / Stagecoach Inn State Park and Museum, Camptonville, California, Cape Horn, Captain (armed forces), Caribou Mountains (Idaho), Carlin Canyon (Nevada), Carpentry, Carson City, Nevada, Carson Pass, Carson Range, Carson River, Carson River Canyon, Carson Sink, Cartography, Casper, Wyoming, Central Overland Route, Central Pacific Railroad, Central Valley (California), Centrocercus, Chico, California, Chimney Rock National Historic Site, Cholera, Cinnamon, City of Rocks National Reserve, Cokeville, Wyoming, Colorado River, Columbia River, Comstock Lode, Conestoga wagon, Constitution of California, Continental divide, Cornmeal, Corps of Topographical Engineers, Council Bluffs, Iowa, Covered wagon, Cow dung, Dairy cattle, Deer, Devil's Gate (Wyoming), Donner Lake, Donner Party, Donner Pass, Double-barreled shotgun, Dried fruit, Duck, Dutch oven, Eastern California, Ebbetts Pass, Elk, Elkhorn River, Elko, Nevada, Ely, Nevada, Emigrant Gap, Emigrant Pass (Nevada), Emigrant Trail in Wyoming, Emigration Canyon, Utah, Fairfield, Utah, Fallon, Nevada, Fandango Pass, Feather River, Feather River Route, Feces, Felt, First Transcontinental Railroad, First transcontinental telegraph, Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Flint, Folsom, California, Food drying, Fort Astoria, Fort Bridger, Fort Hall, Fort Hall, Idaho, Fort Kearny, Fort Laramie National Historic Site, Fort Laramie, Wyoming, Fort Sumter, Frederick W. Lander, Fur, Genoa, Nevada, Gerlach, Nevada, Germ theory of disease, Gila River, Google Books, Goose, Goose Lake (Oregon–California), Grays Lake (Idaho), Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Great Basin, Great Basin Desert, Great Flood of 1844, Great Platte River Road, Great Salt Lake, Green River (Colorado River tributary), Greys River, Grover Hot Springs State Park, Gunpowder, Gutta-percha, Halfway Wash (Nevada), Hastings Cutoff, Heinrich Lienhard, Henry H. Spalding, Hide (skin), Hobble (device), Hoist (mining), Honey Lake, Horace Greeley, Hudson's Bay Company, Humboldt River, Humboldt Sink, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Ibapah, Utah, Idaho, Independence Day (United States), Independence Rock (Wyoming), Independence, Missouri, Interstate 5, Interstate 80, Interstate 80 in California, Isthmus of Panama, James Beckwourth, James H. Simpson, James K. Polk, Jedediah Smith, Jefferson Hunt, Jerky, Jessie Benton Frémont, Jim Bridger, John Bidwell, John C. Frémont, John Calhoun Johnson, John Jacob Astor, Jordan River, Joseph Chiles, Joseph R. Walker, Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, Kansas River, Kirkwood Mountain Resort, Kit Carson, Kyburz, California, La Barge, Wyoming, Lahontan Valley, Lake Tahoe, Lake Walcott, Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory, Lansford Hastings, Laramie River, Lassen Peak, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Laudanum, Lawrence, Kansas, Leather, Leavenworth, Kansas, Limmat Verlag, Lincoln Highway, Little Blue River (Kansas/Nebraska), Liverpool, London, Los Angeles, Lost River (California), Loup River, Lovelock, Nevada, Luther Pass, Malheur River, Maritime history of California, Mark Twain, Markleeville, California, Martin's Cove, Marysville, California, Mexican–American War, Mexico, Microorganism, Microscope, Mississippi River, Missouri River, Moccasin, Mojave River, Monitor Pass, Monterey, California, Montpelier, Idaho, Mormon Battalion, Mormon handcart pioneers, Mormon Road, Mormon Trail, Mountain man, Mule, Murphys, California, Mustard (condiment), Narcissa Whitman, National Park Service, Natural rubber, Nebraska, Nevada, Nevada City, California, Nevada State Route 207, Nevada State Route 233, Nevada State Route 49, New Mexico Territory, New Orleans, New York City, Nicaragua, North Platte River, Nutmeg, Ogden, Utah, Ohio River, Old Spanish Trail (trade route), Omaha, Nebraska, Oregon Country, Oregon Territory, Oregon Trail, Oregon-California Trails Association, Owens Lake, Ox, Pacific Creek (Sweetwater County, Wyoming), Pacific Squadron, Packhorse, Paddle steamer, Pan amalgamation, Panama, Panama Canal Railway, Pancake, Parowan, Utah, Pathfinder Reservoir, Pemmican, Pequop Mountains, Peter Lassen, Peter Skene Ogden, Pilot Peak (Nevada), Pit River, Pittsburgh, Placerville, California, Platte River, Pollock Pines, California, Pony, Pony Express, Portneuf River (Idaho), Pronghorn, Pyramid Lake (Nevada), Rabbithole Springs, Raft River, Rancho Bosquejo, Randolph B. Marcy, Redding, California, Reese River, Reno, Nevada, Republican River, Resting Springs, Richard Francis Burton, Rifle, Robert Stuart (explorer), Rocky Mountain Fur Company, Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, Roughing It, Ruby Mountains, Rye Patch Reservoir, Sacramento River, Sacramento Valley, Sacramento Valley Railroad (1852–77), Sacramento, California, Saddle, Salmon, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake Cutoff, Salt River (Wyoming), Salt River Range, Santa Fe Trail, Scurvy, Seawater, Shasta, California, Shoshone, Shotgun, Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Smoot, Wyoming, Snake River, Soda Springs, Idaho, Sodium bicarbonate, Sonora Pass, Sonora, California, South Fork American River, South Pass (Wyoming), South Platte River, Southern California, Sparks, Nevada, St. Joseph, Missouri, St. Louis, Stampede, Stanislaus National Forest, Stanislaus River, Star Valley, Stateline, Nevada, Steamboat, Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party, Stockton, California, Strait of Magellan, Susanville, California, Sutter's Fort, Sweetwater River (Wyoming), Tar, Tehachapi Pass, The Plains Across, Thomas Fitzpatrick (trapper), Timeline of microscope technology, Tioga Pass, Tobacco, Toll road, Tonquin (1807), Topaz, California, Topography, Tragedy Spring, California, Trailside Center, Trapping, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Tripoint, Trout, Truckee Meadows, Truckee River, Truckee, California, U.S. Route 30, U.S. Route 395, U.S. Route 395 in California, U.S. Route 40, U.S. Route 50 in California, U.S. Route 50 in Nevada, U.S. Route 93, U.S. Route 95, Union Pacific Railroad, United States Army, United States Army Corps of Engineers, United States Congress, United States Department of War, United States Military Academy, Utah, Utah War, Verdi, Nevada, Vinegar, Virgin River, Virginia and Truckee Railroad, Virginia City, Nevada, Vitamin C, Volcano, California, Wadsworth, Nevada, Wakarusa River, Walker Pass, Walker River, Wasatch Range, Washington Irving, Weber River, Wells, Nevada, West Coast of the United States, Western Nevada, Western Pacific Railroad, Westport, Kansas City, Missouri, Westward Expansion Trails, Westward the Women, Willamette Valley, Wind River Range, Winnemucca, Nevada, Wool, Wyoming, Wyoming Highway 34, Wyoming Range, Yosemite National Park, Yuba River. 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Afton, Wyoming

Afton is a town in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States.

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Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a Prussian polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

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Alkali sink

An alkali sink is a salty basin land form.

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Allegheny Mountains

The Allegheny Mountain Range, informally the Alleghenies and also spelled Alleghany and Allegany, is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States and Canada and posed a significant barrier to land travel in less technologically advanced eras.

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Almo, Idaho

Almo is a very small unincorporated community in Cassia County, Idaho, United States.

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Amador County, California

Amador County, officially the County of Amador, is a county in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada.

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American bison

The American bison or simply bison (Bison bison), also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Fur Company

The American Fur Company (AFC) was founded in 1808, by John Jacob Astor, a German immigrant to the United States.

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American River

The American River (Río de los Americanos during the period before 1847 ruled by Mexico) is a 120-mile-long river in California that runs from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to its confluence with the Sacramento River in the Sacramento Valley.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Applegate Trail

The Applegate Trail was a wilderness trail through today's U.S. states of Idaho, Nevada, California, and Oregon, and was originally intended as a less dangerous route to the Oregon Territory.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Atchison, Kansas

Atchison is a city and county seat of Atchison County, Kansas, United States, and situated along the Missouri River.

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Auburn, California

Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County, California.

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Auburn, Wyoming

Auburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Wyoming, in the United States.

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Bacon

Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.

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Bartleson–Bidwell Party

In 1841, the Bartleson–Bidwell Party, led by Captain John Bartleson and John Bidwell, became the first American emigrants to attempt a wagon crossing from Missouri to California.

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Bean

A bean is a seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used for human or animal food.

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Bear River (Feather River tributary)

The Bear River is a tributary of the Feather River in the Sierra Nevada, winding through four California counties: Yuba, Sutter, Placer, and Nevada.

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Bear River (Great Salt Lake)

The Bear River is the largest tributary of the Great Salt Lake, draining a mountainous area and farming valleys northeast of the lake and southeast of the Snake River Plain.

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Bear River City, Utah

Bear River City is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States.

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Beaver

The beaver (genus Castor) is a large, primarily nocturnal, semiaquatic rodent.

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Beckwourth Pass

Beckwourth Pass is the lowest mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada mountain range at an elevation of.

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Benjamin Bonneville

Benjamin Louis Eulalie de Bonneville (April 14, 1796 – June 12, 1878) was a French-born officer in the United States Army, fur trapper, and explorer in the American West.

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Beowawe, Nevada

Beowawe is a small town, misnomered on the internet as a ghost town, in Eureka County in northeastern Nevada in the western United States.

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Big Basin Redwoods State Park

Big Basin Redwoods State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California, located in Santa Cruz County, about northwest of Santa Cruz.

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Big Blue River (Kansas)

The Big Blue River is the largest tributary of the Kansas River.

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Big Piney, Wyoming

Big Piney is a town in Sublette County, Wyoming, United States.

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Big Sandy River (Wyoming)

Big Sandy Creek, Wyoming The Big Sandy River (also called Big Sandy Creek) is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Black pepper

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn.

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Black Rock Desert

The Black Rock Desert is a semi-arid region (in the Great Basin shrub steppe eco-region), of lava beds and playa, or alkali flats, situated in the Black Rock Desert–High Rock Canyon Emigrant Trails National Conservation Area, a silt playa north of Reno, Nevada that encompasses more than of land and contains more than of historic trails.

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Blacksmith

A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. whitesmith).

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Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in the United States between 1854 and 1861 which emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas.

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Bonneville Salt Flats

The Bonneville Salt Flats is a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah.

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Box Elder County, Utah

Box Elder County is a county on the northwestern edge of Utah, United States.

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Bozeman Trail

The Bozeman Trail was an overland route connecting the gold rush territory of Montana to the Oregon Trail.

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Bridle

A bridle is a piece of equipment used to direct a horse.

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Brigham Young

Brigham Young (June 1, 1801August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader, politician, and settler.

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Brownsville, Pennsylvania

Brownsville is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States, first settled in 1785 as the site of a trading post a few years after the pacification of the Iroquois enabled a post-Revolutionary war resumption of westward migration.

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Bureau of Land Management

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country.

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Butterfield Overland Mail

The Butterfield Overland Mail Trail was a stagecoach service in the United States, operating from 1857 to 1861.

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Cache Valley

Cache Valley is an agricultural valley of northern Utah and southeast Idaho, United States that includes the Logan metropolitan area.

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Calaveras Big Trees State Park

Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees.

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Caleb Greenwood

Caleb Greenwood (c. 1783 – c. 1850) was a Western U.S. fur trapper and trail guide.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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California Battalion

The California Battalion (also called the first California Volunteer Militia and U.S. Mounted Rifles) was formed during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) in present-day California, United States.

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California Gold Rush

The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

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California Road

The California Road followed the route laid out by Captain Randolph B. Marcy escorting gold seekers during the spring of 1849.

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California State Route 108

State Route 108 (SR 108) is a numbered state highway in California.

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California State Route 162

State Route 162 runs roughly west–east from U.S. Route 101 near Longvale, in Mendocino County, to Oroville, in Butte County.

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California State Route 178

State Route 178 (SR 178) is a route that exists in two constructed segments.

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California State Route 20

State Route 20 (SR 20) is a state highway in the northern central region of the U.S. state of California, running east–west across the state north of Sacramento.

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California State Route 4

State Route 4 (SR 4) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California, routed from Interstate 80 in the San Francisco Bay Area to State Route 89 in the Sierra Nevada.

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California State Route 44

State Route 44 (SR 44) is a state highway in the U.S. State of California that travels in an east–west direction from Redding to Lassen Volcanic National Park before ending at Route 36 west of Susanville.

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California State Route 49

State Route 49 (SR 49) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California that passes through many historic mining communities of the 1849 California gold rush.

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California State Route 70

State Route 70 (SR 70) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California.

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California State Route 88

State Route 88 (SR 88), also known as the Carson Pass Highway, is a California State Highway that travels in an east–west direction, from Stockton, crossing the Sierra Nevada at Carson Pass, and ending at the border with Nevada, whereupon it becomes Nevada State Route 88, eventually terminating at U.S. Route 395.

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California State Route 89

State Route 89 (SR 89) is a California State Highway that travels in the north–south direction, and is the major thoroughfare for many mountain communities.

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Californio

Californio (historical and regional Spanish for "Californian") is a Spanish term with widely varying interpretations.

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Callao, Utah

Callao is a small farming community in northern Snake Valley, along the border of Juab County and Tooele County, Utah, United States.

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Camp Floyd / Stagecoach Inn State Park and Museum

Camp Floyd was a short-lived U.S. Army post in the Cedar Valley (and now part of Fairfield), Utah, United States.

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Camptonville, California

Camptonville (formerly, Comptonville and Gold Ridge) is a small town and census-designated place (CDP) located in northeastern Yuba County, California.

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Cape Horn

Cape Horn (Cabo de Hornos) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island.

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Captain (armed forces)

The army rank of captain (from the French capitaine) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers.

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Caribou Mountains (Idaho)

Caribou Mountains are a mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, United States.

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Carlin Canyon (Nevada)

Carlin Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Humboldt River in southwestern Elko County, Nevada, United States.

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Carpentry

Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc.

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Carson City, Nevada

Carson City, officially the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City, is an independent city and the capital of the US state of Nevada, named after the mountain man Kit Carson.

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Carson Pass

Carson Pass is a mountain pass on the crest of the central Sierra Nevada, in the Eldorado National Forest and Alpine County, eastern California.

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Carson Range

The Carson Range is a spur of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California and western Nevada that starts at Carson Pass and stretches north to the Truckee River near Verdi, Nevada.

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Carson River

The Carson River is a northwestern Nevada river that empties into the Carson Sink, an endorheic basin.

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Carson River Canyon

The Carson River Canyon is a scenic canyon in Lyon County, Nevada through which the Carson River flows.

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Carson Sink

Carson Sink is a playa in the northeastern portion of the Carson Desert that was formerly the terminus of the Carson River.

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Cartography

Cartography (from Greek χάρτης chartēs, "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and γράφειν graphein, "write") is the study and practice of making maps.

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Casper, Wyoming

Casper is a city in and the county seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States.

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Central Overland Route

The Central Overland Route (also known as the "Central Overland Trail", "Central Route", "Simpson's Route", or the "Egan Trail") was a transportation route from Salt Lake City, Utah south of the Great Salt Lake through the mountains of central Nevada to Carson City, Nevada.

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Central Pacific Railroad

The Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) was a rail route between California and Utah built eastwards from the West Coast in the 1860s, to complete the western part of the "First Transcontinental Railroad" in North America.

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Central Valley (California)

The Central Valley is a flat valley that dominates the geographical center of the U.S. state of California.

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Centrocercus

The sage-grouse are the two species in the bird genus Centrocercus, C. minimus and Centrocercus urophasianus.

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Chico, California

Chico is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States.

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Chimney Rock National Historic Site

Chimney Rock is a prominent geological rock formation in Morrill County in western Nebraska.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum.

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City of Rocks National Reserve

The City of Rocks National Reserve, also known as the Silent City of Rocks, is a United States National Reserve and state park lying north of the south central Idaho border with Utah.

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Cokeville, Wyoming

Cokeville is a town in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States.

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Colorado River

The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).

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Columbia River

The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

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Comstock Lode

The Comstock Lode is a lode of silver ore located under the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, a peak in the Virginia Range in Nevada (then western Utah Territory).

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Conestoga wagon

The Conestoga wagon is a heavy, covered wagon that was used extensively during the late eighteenth century, and the nineteenth century, in the eastern United States and Canada.

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Constitution of California

The Constitution of the State of California is the constitution of California, describing the duties, powers, structure and function of the government of California.

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Continental divide

A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not connected to the open sea.

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Cornmeal

Cornmeal is a meal (coarse flour) ground from dried maize (corn).

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Corps of Topographical Engineers

The U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, authorized on 4 July 1838, consisted only of officers and was used for mapping and the design and construction of federal civil works such as lighthouses and other coastal fortifications and navigational routes.

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Council Bluffs, Iowa

Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States.

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Covered wagon

The covered wagon was long the dominant form of transport in pre-industrial America.

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Cow dung

Cow dung, also known as cow pats, cow pies or cow manure, is the waste product of bovine animal species.

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Dairy cattle

Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.

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Deer

Deer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae.

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Devil's Gate (Wyoming)

Devil's Gate or Devils GateIndependence Rock, Wyoming, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1981 is a natural rock formation, a gorge on the Sweetwater River in Wyoming, miles southwest of Independence Rock.

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Donner Lake

Donner Lake is a freshwater lake in Northeast California on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and about northwest of the much larger Lake Tahoe.

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Donner Party

The Donner Party, or Donner–Reed Party, was a group of American pioneers who set out for California in a wagon train in May 1846.

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Donner Pass

Donner Pass (el.) is a mountain pass in the northern Sierra Nevada, above Donner Lake about west of Truckee, California.

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Double-barreled shotgun

A double-barreled shotgun is a shotgun with two parallel barrels, allowing two shots to be fired in quick succession.

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Dried fruit

Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators.

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Duck

Duck is the common name for a large number of species in the waterfowl family Anatidae, which also includes swans and geese.

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Dutch oven

A Dutch oven is a thick-walled cooking pot with a tight-fitting lid.

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Eastern California

Eastern California is a region defined as either the strip to the east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada or as the easternmost counties of California in the United States.

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Ebbetts Pass

Ebbetts Pass, named after John Ebbetts, (el.) is a high mountain pass through the Sierra Nevada range in Alpine County, California.

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Elk

The elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and Eastern Asia.

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Elkhorn River

The Elkhorn River originates in the eastern Sandhills of Nebraska and is one of the largest tributaries of the Platte River, flowing and joining the Platte just southwest of Omaha, approximately 1 mile (2 km) south and 3 miles (5 km) west of Gretna.

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Elko, Nevada

Elko (Shoshoni: Natakkoa, "Rocks Piled on One Another") is the largest city and county seat of Elko County, Nevada, United States.

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Ely, Nevada

Ely is the largest city and county seat of White Pine County, Nevada, United States.

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Emigrant Gap

Emigrant Gap is a gap in a ridge on the California Trail as it crosses the Sierra Nevada, to the west of what is now known as Donner Pass.

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Emigrant Pass (Nevada)

Emigrant Pass is a mountain pass in Eureka County, Nevada, United States.

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Emigrant Trail in Wyoming

The path followed by the Oregon Trail, California Trail and Mormon Trail (collectively referred to as the Emigrant Trail) spans through the U.S. state of Wyoming.

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Emigration Canyon, Utah

Emigration Canyon is a CDP, township and canyon in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States, located east of Salt Lake City in the Wasatch Range.

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Fairfield, Utah

Fairfield is a town in Utah County, Utah, United States.

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Fallon, Nevada

Fallon is a city in Churchill County, Nevada, United States.

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Fandango Pass

The Fandango Pass (previously Lassen Pass; variants Lassen Cut-off, Lassen Horn) is a gap in the Warner Mountains of Modoc County, California, USA.

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Feather River

The Feather River is the principal tributary of the Sacramento River, in the Sacramento Valley of Northern California.

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Feather River Route

The Feather River Route is a rail line that was built and operated by the Western Pacific Railroad.

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Feces

Feces (or faeces) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested in the small intestine.

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Felt

Felt is a textile material that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibers together.

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First Transcontinental Railroad

The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the "Overland Route") was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.

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First transcontinental telegraph

The first transcontinental telegraph (completed October 24, 1861) was a line that connected the existing network in the eastern United States to a small network in California, by means of a link between Omaha, Nebraska and Carson City, Nevada, via Salt Lake City.

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Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge

Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge is at the southern end of the Great Salt Lake Desert, part of the Great Basin in Juab County, Utah.

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Flint

Flint is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert.

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Folsom, California

Folsom is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States.

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Food drying

Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated).

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Fort Astoria

Fort Astoria (also named Fort George) was the primary fur trading post of John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company (PFC).

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Fort Bridger

Fort Bridger was originally a 19th-century fur trading outpost established in 1842, on Blacks Fork of the Green River, in what is now Uinta County, Wyoming, United States.

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Fort Hall

Fort Hall was a fort that was built in 1834 as a fur trading post by Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth.

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Fort Hall, Idaho

Fort Hall is a census-designated place (CDP) in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Idaho which is split between Bannock County in the south and Bingham County in the north.

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Fort Kearny

Fort Kearny was a historic outpost of the United States Army founded in 1848 in the western U.S. during the middle and late 19th century.

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Fort Laramie National Historic Site

Fort Laramie (founded as Fort William and then known for a while as Fort John) was a significant 19th century trading post and diplomatic site located at the confluence of the Laramie River and the North Platte River in the upper Platte River Valley in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Wyoming.

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Fort Laramie, Wyoming

Fort Laramie is a town in Goshen County, Wyoming, United States.

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Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter is a sea fort in Charleston, South Carolina, notable for two battles of the American Civil War.

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Frederick W. Lander

Frederick William Lander (December 17, 1821 – March 2, 1862) was a transcontinental United States explorer, general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a prolific poet.

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Fur

Fur is the hair covering of non-human mammals, particularly those mammals with extensive body hair that is soft and thick.

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Genoa, Nevada

Genoa is an unincorporated town in Douglas County, Nevada, United States.

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Gerlach, Nevada

Gerlach, Nevada is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States.

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Germ theory of disease

The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease.

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Gila River

The Gila River (O'odham Pima: Keli Akimel or simply Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siʼil) is a tributary of the Colorado River flowing through New Mexico and Arizona in the United States.

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Google Books

Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search and Google Print and by its codename Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.

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Goose

Geese are waterfowl of the family Anatidae.

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Goose Lake (Oregon–California)

Goose Lake is a large alkaline lake in the Goose Lake Valley on the Oregon–California border in the United States.

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Grays Lake (Idaho)

Grays Lake is a wetland in Idaho, United States.

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Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in southeastern Idaho.

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Great Basin

The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America.

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Great Basin Desert

The Great Basin Desert is part of the Great Basin between the Sierra Nevada and the Wasatch Range.

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Great Flood of 1844

The Great Flood of 1844 is a flood on the Missouri River and Upper Mississippi River, in North America, in terms of discharge.

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Great Platte River Road

The Great Platte River Road was a major overland travel corridor approximately following the course of the Platte River in present-day Nebraska and Wyoming that was shared by several popular emigrant trails during the 19th century, including the Trapper's Trail, the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, the California Trail, the Pony Express route, and the military road connecting Fort Leavenworth and Fort Laramie.

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Great Salt Lake

The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world.

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Green River (Colorado River tributary)

The Green River, located in the western United States, is the chief tributary of the Colorado River.

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Greys River

The Greys River is a tributary of the Snake River, flowing through western Wyoming in the United States.

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Grover Hot Springs State Park

Grover Hot Springs State Park is a state park of California, USA, containing natural hot springs on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada.

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Gunpowder

Gunpowder, also known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.

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Gutta-percha

Gutta-percha refers to trees of the genus Palaquium in the family Sapotaceae and the rigid natural latex produced from the sap of these trees, particularly from Palaquium gutta.

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Halfway Wash (Nevada)

Halfway Wash, is a stream in Clark County and Lincoln County, Nevada.

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Hastings Cutoff

The Hastings Cutoff was an alternative route for westward emigrants to travel to California, as proposed by Lansford Hastings in The Emigrant's Guide to Oregon and California.

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Heinrich Lienhard

Johann Heinrich Lienhard (January 19, 1822, Bilten, Canton Glarus – December 19, 1903, Nauvoo, Illinois) was a Swiss immigrant to the United States.

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Henry H. Spalding

Henry Harmon Spalding (1803–1874), and his wife Eliza Hart Spalding (1807–1851) were prominent Presbyterian missionaries and educators working primarily with the Nez Perce in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.

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Hide (skin)

A hide or skin is an animal skin treated for human use.

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Hobble (device)

A hobble (also, and perhaps earlier, hopple) or spancel is a device which prevents or limits the locomotion of a human or animal, by tethering one or more legs.

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Hoist (mining)

In underground mining a hoist or winder is used to raise and lower conveyances within the mine shaft.

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Honey Lake

Honey Lake is an endorheic sink in the Honey Lake Valley in northeastern California, near the Nevada border.

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Horace Greeley

Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 – November 29, 1872) was an American author, statesman, founder and editor of the New-York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time.

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Hudson's Bay Company

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group.

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Humboldt River

The Humboldt River runs through northern Nevada in the western United States.

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Humboldt Sink

Humboldt Sink is an intermittent dry lake bed, approximately 11 mi (18 km) long, and 4 mi (6 km) across, in northwestern Nevada in the United States.

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Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest

The Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest (HTNF) is the principal U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Nevada, and has a smaller portion in Eastern California.

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Ibapah, Utah

Ibapah is a small unincorporated community in far western Tooele County, Utah, United States, near the Nevada state line.

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Idaho

Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States.

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Independence Day (United States)

Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.

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Independence Rock (Wyoming)

Independence Rock is a large granite rock, approximately high, long and wide, in southwestern Natrona County, Wyoming, along Wyoming Highway 220.

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Independence, Missouri

Independence is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri.

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Interstate 5

Interstate 5 (I-5) is the main Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, running largely parallel to the Pacific coast of the continental U.S. from Mexico to Canada.

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Interstate 80

Interstate 80 (I-80) is an east–west transcontinental limited-access highway in the United States that runs from downtown San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey, in the New York City Metropolitan Area.

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Interstate 80 in California

Interstate 80 (I-80) is a major east–west route of the Interstate Highway System, running between the U.S. states of California and New Jersey.

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Isthmus of Panama

The Isthmus of Panama (Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America.

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James Beckwourth

James Pierson Beckwourth, born James Beckwith and generally known as, Jim Beckwourth (April 26, 1798 or 1800 – October 29, 1866 or 1867) was an American mountain man, fur trader, and explorer.

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James H. Simpson

James Hervey Simpson (1813-1883) was an officer in the U.S. Army and a member of the United States Corps of Topographical Engineers.

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James K. Polk

James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was an American politician who served as the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849).

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Jedediah Smith

Jedediah Strong Smith (January 6, 1799 – May 27, 1831), was a clerk, frontiersman, hunter, trapper, author, cartographer, and explorer of the Rocky Mountains, the North American West, and the Southwest during the early 19th century.

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Jefferson Hunt

Jefferson Hunt (January 20, 1803 – May 11, 1879) was a U.S. western pioneer, soldier, and politician.

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Jerky

Jerky is lean meat that has been trimmed of fat, cut into strips, and then dried to prevent spoilage.

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Jessie Benton Frémont

Jessie Ann Benton Frémont (May 31, 1824 – December 27, 1902) was an American writer and political activist.

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Jim Bridger

James Felix Bridger (March 17, 1804 – July 17, 1881) was an American mountain man, trapper, Army scout and wilderness guide who explored and trapped the Western United States in the first half of the 19th century.

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John Bidwell

John Bidwell (August 5, 1819 – April 4, 1900) was known throughout California and across the nation as an important pioneer, farmer, soldier, statesman, politician, prohibitionist and philanthropist.

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John C. Frémont

John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, politician, and soldier who, in 1856, became the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.

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John Calhoun Johnson

John Calhoun Johnson (died September 13, 1876) was a native of Deersville, Ohio, who practiced law and operated a ranch in California.

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John Jacob Astor

John Jacob Astor (July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848) (born Johann Jakob Astor) was a German–American businessman, merchant, real estate mogul and investor who mainly made his fortune in fur trade and by investing in real estate in or around New York City.

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Jordan River

The Jordan River (also River Jordan; נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן Nahar ha-Yarden, ܢܗܪܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ, نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ Nahr al-Urdunn, Ancient Greek: Ιορδάνης, Iordànes) is a -long river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: כנרת Kinneret, Arabic: Bohayrat Tabaraya, meaning Lake of Tiberias) and on to the Dead Sea.

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Joseph Chiles

Colonel Joseph Ballinger Chiles (July 16, 1810 – June 25, 1885) was an early California pioneer and guide.

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Joseph R. Walker

Joseph R. Walker (December 13, 1798 — October 27, 1876) was a mountain man and experienced scout.

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Kansas

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

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Kansas City, Kansas

Kansas City is the third-largest city in the State of Kansas, the county seat of Wyandotte County, and the third-largest city of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

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Kansas River

The Kansas River, also known as the Kaw, is a river in northeastern Kansas in the United States.

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Kirkwood Mountain Resort

Kirkwood Mountain Resort is a year-round resort in Kirkwood, California south of Lake Tahoe that focuses on skiing and snowboarding in winter and hiking and mountain-biking in summer.

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Kit Carson

Christopher Houston Carson (December 24, 1809 – May 23, 1868), better known as Kit Carson, was an American frontiersman.

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Kyburz, California

Kyburz (formerly, Slippery Ford and Slipperyford) is a small unincorporated community in El Dorado County, California.

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La Barge, Wyoming

La Barge is a town in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States.

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Lahontan Valley

The Lahontan Valley is in Churchill County in the U.S. state of Nevada.

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Lake Tahoe

Lake Tahoe (Washo: dáʔaw) is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the United States.

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Lake Walcott

Lake Walcott is a reservoir in south central Idaho in the northwestern United States, impounded by Minidoka Dam.

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Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory

Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory were important to settlers on the Oregon, California and Mormon trails.

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Lansford Hastings

Lansford Warren Hastings (1819–1870) is best remembered as the developer of Hastings Cutoff, a shortcut across what is now the state of Utah, a factor in the Donner Party disaster of 1846.

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Laramie River

The Laramie River is a tributary of the North Platte River, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Lassen Peak

Lassen Peak, commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range of the Western United States.

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Lassen Volcanic National Park

Lassen Volcanic National Park is a United States National Park in northeastern California.

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Laudanum

Laudanum is a tincture of opium containing approximately 10% powdered opium by weight (the equivalent of 1% morphine).

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Lawrence, Kansas

Lawrence is the county seat of Douglas County and sixth largest city in Kansas.

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Leather

Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhides, mostly cattle hide.

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Leavenworth, Kansas

Leavenworth is the largest city in and the county seat of Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States.

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Limmat Verlag

Limmat Verlag is a Swiss publishing house, headquartered at Quellenstrasse 25, 8003 Zürich, Switzerland.

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Lincoln Highway

The Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States of America.

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Little Blue River (Kansas/Nebraska)

The Little Blue River is a river in southern Nebraska and northern Kansas that was used by Pony Express horseback riders.

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.

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Lost River (California)

Lost River begins and ends in a closed basin in northern California and southern Oregon in the United States.

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Loup River

The Loup River (pronounced /lup/) is a tributary of the Platte River, approximately long, in central Nebraska in the United States.

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Lovelock, Nevada

Lovelock is the county seat of Pershing County, Nevada, United States, in which it is the only incorporated city.

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Luther Pass

Luther Pass (el. 7,740 ft. / 2,359 m) is a mountain pass in California in the Sierra Nevada, between the Carson River basin to the southeast and Lake Tahoe to the northwest.

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Malheur River

The Malheur River (local pronunciation: "MAL-hyure") is a tributary of the Snake River in eastern Oregon in the United States.

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Maritime history of California

In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.

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Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.

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Markleeville, California

Markleeville (formerly, Markleville) is a census-designated place (CDP) and the county seat of Alpine County, California.

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Martin's Cove

Martin's Cove is a historic site in Wyoming.

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Marysville, California

Marysville is the county seat of Yuba County, California, United States.

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Mexican–American War

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Microscope

A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Missouri River

The Missouri River is the longest river in North America.

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Moccasin

A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been "worked") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather).

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Mojave River

The Mojave River is an intermittent river in the eastern San Bernardino Mountains and the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County, California, United States.

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Monitor Pass

Monitor Pass (el. 8,314 ft / 2,534 m) is a high mountain pass in California in the Sierra Nevada southeast of Lake Tahoe.

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Monterey, California

Monterey is a city located in Monterey County in the U.S. state of California, on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on California's Central Coast.

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Montpelier, Idaho

Montpelier is a city in Bear Lake County, Idaho, United States.

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Mormon Battalion

The Mormon Battalion, the only religiously based unit in United States military history, served from July 1846 – July 1847 during the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848.

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Mormon handcart pioneers

The Mormon handcart pioneers were participants in the migration of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as the LDS Church) to Salt Lake City, Utah, who used handcarts to transport their belongings.

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Mormon Road

Mormon Road, also known to the 49ers as the Southern Route, of the California Trail (in what would become the Western United States), was a seasonal wagon road first pioneered by a Mormon party from Salt Lake City, Utah led by Jefferson Hunt, that followed the route of Spanish explorers and the Old Spanish Trail across southwestern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada and the Mojave Desert of California to Los Angeles in 1847. From 1855, it became a military and commercial wagon route between California and Utah, called the Los Angeles - Salt Lake Road. In later decades this route was variously called the "Old Mormon Road", the "Old Southern Road", or the "Immigrant Road" in California. In Utah, Arizona and Nevada it was known as the "California Road".

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Mormon Trail

The Mormon Trail is the 1,300-mile (2,092 km) route that members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints traveled from 1846 to 1868.

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Mountain man

A mountain man is an explorer who lives in the wilderness.

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Mule

A mule is the offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare).

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Murphys, California

Murphys, originally Murphys New Diggings then Murphy's Camp, is an unincorporated village located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains in Calaveras County, California, United States.

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Mustard (condiment)

Mustard is a condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white/ yellow mustard, Sinapis alba; brown/ Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra).

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Narcissa Whitman

Narcissa Prentiss Whitman (March 14, 1808 – November 29, 1847) was an American missionary in the Oregon Country of what would become the state of Washington.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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Natural rubber

Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.

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Nebraska

Nebraska is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States.

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Nevada

Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.

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Nevada City, California

Nevada City (originally, Ustumah, a Nisenan village; later, Nevada, Deer Creek Dry Diggins, and Caldwell's Upper Store) is the county seat of Nevada County, California, United States, located northeast of Sacramento and 28 miles north of Auburn.

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Nevada State Route 207

State Route 207 (SR 207) is a state highway in Douglas County, Nevada.

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Nevada State Route 233

State Route 233 (SR 233) is a state highway in rural Elko County, Nevada, United States.

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Nevada State Route 49

Former State Route 49, also known as Jungo Road, is an unimproved road from State Route 447 (former State Route 34) near Gerlach east to Winnemucca via the ghost towns of Sulphur and Jungo.

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New Mexico Territory

The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest-lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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North Platte River

The North Platte River is a major tributary of the Platte River and is approximately long, counting its many curves.

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Nutmeg

Nutmeg is the seed or ground spice of several species of the genus Myristica.

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Ogden, Utah

Ogden is a city and the county seat of Weber County, Utah, United States, approximately east of the Great Salt Lake and north of Salt Lake City.

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Ohio River

The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States.

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Old Spanish Trail (trade route)

The Old Spanish Trail (Viejo Sendero Español) is a historical trade route that connected the northern New Mexico settlements of (or near) Santa Fe, New Mexico with those of Los Angeles, California and southern California.

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Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County.

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Oregon Country

The Oregon Country was a predominantly American term referring to a disputed region of the Pacific Northwest of North America.

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Oregon Territory

The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon.

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Oregon Trail

The Oregon Trail is a historic East–West, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.

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Oregon-California Trails Association

The Oregon-California Trails Association is an interdisciplinary organization based at Independence, Missouri, United States.

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Owens Lake

Owens Lake is a mostly dry lake in the Owens Valley on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, California.

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Ox

An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal or riding animal.

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Pacific Creek (Sweetwater County, Wyoming)

Pacific Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Wyoming.

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Pacific Squadron

The Pacific Squadron was part of the United States Navy squadron stationed in the Pacific Ocean in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Packhorse

A packhorse or pack horse refers to a horse, mule, donkey, or pony used to carry goods on its back, usually in sidebags or panniers.

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Paddle steamer

A paddle steamer is a steamship or riverboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water.

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Pan amalgamation

The Pan amalgamation process is a method to extract silver from ore, using salt and copper(II) sulfate in addition to mercury.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Panama Canal Railway

The Panama Canal Railway (Ferrocarril de Panamá) is a railway line that runs parallel to the Panama Canal, linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in Central America.

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Pancake

A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.

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Parowan, Utah

Parowan is a city in and the county seat of Iron County, Utah, United States.

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Pathfinder Reservoir

Pathfinder Reservoir is located in the U.S. state of Wyoming on the North Platte River between Casper and Rawlins.

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Pemmican

Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food.

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Pequop Mountains

The Pequop Mountains are a mountain range located in eastern Elko County, in northeastern Nevada in the western United States.

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Peter Lassen

Peter Lassen (October 31, 1800 – April 26, 1859) was a Danish-American rancher and prospector.

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Peter Skene Ogden

Peter Skene Ogden (alternately Skeene, Skein or Skeen), (baptised 12 February 1790 – September 27 1854) was a fur trader and a Canadian explorer of what is now British Columbia and the American West.

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Pilot Peak (Nevada)

Pilot Peak (Shoshoni: Waahkai) is the highest mountain in the Pilot Range in extreme eastern Elko County, Nevada, United States.

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Pit River

The Pit River is a major river draining from northeastern California into the state's Central Valley.

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Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County.

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Placerville, California

Placerville (formerly Old Dry Diggings, Dry Diggings, and Hangtown) is the county seat of El Dorado County, California.

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Platte River

The Platte River is a major river in the state of Nebraska and is about long.

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Pollock Pines, California

Pollock Pines is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Dorado County, California, United States.

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Pony

A pony is a small horse (Equus ferus caballus).

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Pony Express

The Pony Express was a mail service delivering messages, newspapers, and mail.

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Portneuf River (Idaho)

The Portneuf River is a tributary of the Snake River in southeastern Idaho in the United States.

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Pronghorn

The pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is a species of artiodactyl mammal indigenous to interior western and central North America.

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Pyramid Lake (Nevada)

Pyramid Lake is the geographic sink of the Truckee River Basin, northeast of Reno.

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Rabbithole Springs

Rabbithole Springs is a spring in the U.S. state of Nevada.

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Raft River

The Raft River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Rancho Bosquejo

Rancho Bosquejo (also called "Lassen's Rancho") was a Mexican land grant in present-day Tehama County, California given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Peter Lassen.

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Randolph B. Marcy

Randolph Barnes Marcy (April 9, 1812 – November 22, 1887) was an officer in the United States Army, chiefly noted for his frontier guidebook, the Prairie Traveler (1859), based on his own extensive experience of pioneering in the west.

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Redding, California

Redding, officially the City of Redding, is the county seat of Shasta County, California, in the northern part of the state.

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Reese River

The Reese River is a tributary of the Humboldt River, located in central Nevada in the western United States.

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Reno, Nevada

Reno is a city in the U.S. state of Nevada, located in the western part of the state, approximately from Lake Tahoe.

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Republican River

The Republican River is a river in the central Great Plains of North America, rising in the High Plains of eastern Colorado and flowing east U.S. Geological Survey.

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Resting Springs

Resting Springs are historical springs in Inyo County, California.

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Richard Francis Burton

Sir Richard Francis Burton (19 March 1821 – 20 October 1890) was a British explorer, geographer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnologist, spy, linguist, poet, fencer, and diplomat.

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Rifle

A rifle is a portable long-barrelled firearm designed for precision shooting, to be held with both hands and braced against the shoulder for stability during firing, and with a barrel that has a helical pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the bore walls.

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Robert Stuart (explorer)

Robert Stuart (February 19, 1785 – October 28, 1848) was a Scottish-born American fur trader best known as a member of the first European-American party to cross South Pass during an overland expedition from Fort Astoria to Saint Louis in 1811.

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Rocky Mountain Fur Company

The enterprise that eventually came to be known as the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, was established in St. Louis, Missouri in 1822 by William Henry Ashley and Andrew Henry.

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Rocky Mountain Rendezvous

Rocky Mountain Rendezvous (in trapper jargon) was an annual gathering (1825–1840) at various locations held by a fur trading company at which trappers and mountain men sold their furs and hides and replenished their supplies.

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Roughing It

Roughing It is a book of semi-autobiographical travel literature by Mark Twain.

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Ruby Mountains

The Ruby Mountains are a mountain range, primarily located within Elko County with a small extension into White Pine County, in Nevada, United States.

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Rye Patch Reservoir

The Rye Patch Reservoir is a reservoir on the Humboldt River in the U.S. State of Nevada.

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Sacramento River

The Sacramento River is the principal river of Northern California in the United States, and is the largest river in California.

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Sacramento Valley

The Sacramento Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies north of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the Sacramento River.

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Sacramento Valley Railroad (1852–77)

The Sacramento Valley Railroad was the first transit railroad company in California to file papers of incorporation on August 4, 1852 although it was not the first to become operational.

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Sacramento, California

Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County.

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Saddle

The saddle is a supportive structure for a rider or other load, fastened to an animal's back by a girth.

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Salmon

Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.

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Salt Lake City

Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah.

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Salt Lake Cutoff

The Salt Lake Cutoff is one of the many shortcuts (or cutoffs) that branched from the California, Mormon and Oregon Trails in the United States.

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Salt River (Wyoming)

The Salt River is an U.S. Geological Survey.

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Salt River Range

The Salt River Range is a mountain range in western Wyoming.

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Santa Fe Trail

The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.

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Scurvy

Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

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Seawater

Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.

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Shasta, California

Shasta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States.

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Shoshone

The Shoshone or Shoshoni are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions.

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Shotgun

A shotgun (also known as a scattergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder, which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number of small spherical pellets called shot, or a solid projectile called a slug.

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Sierra Nevada (U.S.)

The Sierra Nevada (snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin.

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Smoot, Wyoming

Smoot is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States.

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Snake River

The Snake River is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest region in the United States.

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Soda Springs, Idaho

Soda Springs is a city in Caribou County, Idaho, United States.

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Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.

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Sonora Pass

Sonora Pass (el. 9,624 ft. / 2,933 m.) is the second-highest highway pass in the Sierra Nevada, lower by 321 ft.

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Sonora, California

Sonora is the county seat of Tuolumne County, California.

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South Fork American River

The South Fork American River is a major tributary of the American River in El Dorado County, California, draining a watershed on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada east of Sacramento.

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South Pass (Wyoming)

South Pass (elevation and) is the collective term for two mountain passes on the Continental Divide, in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Wyoming.

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South Platte River

The South Platte River is one of the two principal tributaries of the Platte River.

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Southern California

Southern California (colloquially known as SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost counties.

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Sparks, Nevada

Sparks is a city in Washoe County, Nevada, United States.

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St. Joseph, Missouri

St.

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St. Louis

St.

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Stampede

A stampede is uncontrolled concerted running as an act of mass impulse among herd animals or a crowd of people in which the group collectively begins running, often in an attempt to escape a perceived threat.

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Stanislaus National Forest

Stanislaus National Forest is a United States national forest which manages of land in four counties in the Sierra Nevada in Northern California.

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Stanislaus River

The Stanislaus River is a tributary of the San Joaquin River in north-central California in the United States.

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Star Valley

Star Valley is located in the United States between the Salt River Range in western Wyoming and the Webster Range of eastern Idaho.

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Stateline, Nevada

Stateline is a census-designated place (CDP) on the east shore of Lake Tahoe in Douglas County, Nevada, United States.

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Steamboat

A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels.

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Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party

The Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party consisted of ten families who migrated from Iowa to California prior to the Mexican–American War or the California Gold Rush.

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Stockton, California

Stockton is a city in and the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California.

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Strait of Magellan

The Strait of Magellan, also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south.

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Susanville, California

Susanville (formerly known as Rooptown) is the county seat of Lassen County, California, United States.

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Sutter's Fort

Sutter's Fort was a 19th-century agricultural and trade colony in the Mexican Alta California province.

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Sweetwater River (Wyoming)

The Sweetwater River is a long tributary of the North Platte River,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Tar

Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.

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Tehachapi Pass

Tehachapi Pass is a mountain pass crossing the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, California in the United States.

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The Plains Across

The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants on the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840–60 is a book on overland travel across the Great Plains prior to the Civil War.

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Thomas Fitzpatrick (trapper)

South Pass, or the Continental Divide Thomas Fitzpatrick (1799-7 February 1854), known as "Broken Hand" (reportedly because his left hand had been mangled in a firearms accident), was a famous "mountain man", "friend of the Indians", trailblazer and trapper with the Rocky Mountain Fur Company.

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Timeline of microscope technology

Timeline of microscope technology.

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Tioga Pass

Tioga Pass (el. 9,943 ft. / 3,031 m.) is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.

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Toll road

A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage.

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Tonquin (1807)

The Tonquin was a 290-ton American merchant ship initially operated by Fanning & Coles and later by the Pacific Fur Company (PFC), a subsidiary of the American Fur Company (AFC).

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Topaz, California

Topaz (also, Topaz Post Office) is a census-designated place in Mono County, California.

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Topography

Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.

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Tragedy Spring, California

Tragedy Spring is a small alpine freshwater spring and a former settlement in eastern Amador County, California adjacent to Highway 88 approximately two miles west of Silver Lake.

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Trailside Center

The Trailside Center is a tourist center, museum, and community facility in Kansas City, Missouri.

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Trapping

Animal trapping, or simply trapping, is the use of a device to remotely catch an animal.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

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Tripoint

A tripoint, trijunction, triple point or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet.

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Trout

Trout is the common name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae.

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Truckee Meadows

The Truckee Meadows is a valley in Northern Nevada, named for the Truckee River, which collects and drains all water in the valley.

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Truckee River

The Truckee River is a river in the U.S. states of California and Nevada.

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Truckee, California

Truckee (originally, Coburn Station) is an incorporated town in Nevada County, California, United States.

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U.S. Route 30

U.S. Route 30 (US 30) is an east–west main route of the system of United States Numbered Highways, with the highway traveling across the northern tier of the country.

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U.S. Route 395

U.S. Route 395 (US 395) is a U.S. Route in the western United States.

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U.S. Route 395 in California

In the U.S. state of California, U.S. Route 395 (US 395) is a route which traverses from Interstate 15 near the southern city limits of Hesperia, north to the Oregon state line in Modoc County near Goose Lake.

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U.S. Route 40

U.S. Route 40 (US 40), also known as the Main Street of America, is an east–west United States Highway.

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U.S. Route 50 in California

U.S. Route 50 (US 50) in the state of California runs east from Interstate 80 (I-80) in West Sacramento to the Nevada state line in South Lake Tahoe.

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U.S. Route 50 in Nevada

U.S. Route 50 (US 50) is a transcontinental highway in the United States, stretching from West Sacramento, California, in the west to Ocean City, Maryland, on the east coast.

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U.S. Route 93

U.S. Route 93 (US 93) is a major north–south United States highway in the western United States.

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U.S. Route 95

U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a north–south U.S. highway in the western United States.

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Union Pacific Railroad

The Union Pacific Railroad (or Union Pacific Railroad Company and simply Union Pacific) is a freight hauling railroad that operates 8,500 locomotives over 32,100 route-miles in 23 states west of Chicago and New Orleans.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Army Corps of Engineers

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel, making it one of the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Department of War

The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for most land-based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force on September 18, 1947.

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United States Military Academy

The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known as West Point, Army, Army West Point, The Academy or simply The Point, is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located in West Point, New York, in Orange County.

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Utah

Utah is a state in the western United States.

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Utah War

The Utah War (1857–1858), also known as the Utah Expedition, Utah Campaign, Buchanan's Blunder,Poll, Richard D., and Ralph W. Hansen.

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Verdi, Nevada

Verdi is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States on the western side of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area, near Interstate 80.

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Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5–20% acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O), and trace chemicals that may include flavorings.

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Virgin River

The Virgin River is a tributary of the Colorado River in the U.S. states of Utah, Nevada, and Arizona.

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Virginia and Truckee Railroad

The Virginia and Truckee Railroad is a privately owned historical heritage railroad, headquartered in Virginia City, Nevada in the United States.

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Virginia City, Nevada

Virginia City is a census-designated place (CDP) that is the county seat of Storey County, Nevada.

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Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Volcano, California

Volcano (formerly Soldier's Gulch and The Volcano) is a census-designated place in Amador County, California.

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Wadsworth, Nevada

Wadsworth is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States.

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Wakarusa River

The Wakarusa River is a tributary of the Kansas River, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Walker Pass

Walker Pass (el.) is a mountain pass by Lake Isabella in the southern Sierra Nevada.

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Walker River

The Walker River is a river in west-central Nevada in the United States, approximately long.

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Wasatch Range

The Wasatch Range is a mountain range that stretches approximately from the Utah-Idaho border, south through central Utah in the western United States.

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Washington Irving

Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American short story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century.

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Weber River

The Weber River is a ''c''. long river of northern Utah, USA.

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Wells, Nevada

Wells is a small city in Elko County, in northeast Nevada in the western United States.

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West Coast of the United States

The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean.

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Western Nevada

Western Nevada is a region that includes Reno, Carson City and the Carson Valley.

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Western Pacific Railroad

The Western Pacific Railroad was a Class I railroad in the United States.

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Westport, Kansas City, Missouri

Westport is a historic neighborhood in Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

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Westward Expansion Trails

In the American Old West, overland trails were popular means of travel used by pioneers and immigrants throughout the 19th century and especially between 1830 and 1870 as an alternative to sea and railroad transport.

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Westward the Women

Westward the Women is a 1951 western film directed by William A. Wellman and starring Robert Taylor, Denise Darcel and John McIntire.

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Willamette Valley

The Willamette Valley is a long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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Wind River Range

The Wind River Range (or "Winds" for short), is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in western Wyoming in the United States.

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Winnemucca, Nevada

Winnemucca is the only incorporated city in and is the county seat of Humboldt County, Nevada, United States.

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Wool

Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.

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Wyoming Highway 34

Wyoming Highway 34 (WYO 34) is a long Wyoming state highway known as Laramie-Wheatland Road.

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Wyoming Range

The Wyoming Range is a mountain range located in west-central Wyoming.

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Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park is an American national park lying in the western Sierra Nevada of California.

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Yuba River

The Yuba River is a tributary of the Feather River in the Sierra Nevada and eastern Sacramento Valley, in the U.S. state of California.

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Redirects here:

California National Historic Trail, California trail, Central Route.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Trail

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