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Capital city

Index Capital city

A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational division, usually as its seat of the government. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 508 relations: Abidjan, Abu Dhabi, Abuja, Adelaide, Administration (government), Administrative division, Al Jazeera Arabic, Albany, New York, Amaravati, American Civil War, American Revolutionary War, Amsterdam, Ancient Greece, Ancient Near East, Ancient Rome, Andhra Pradesh, Andreas Daum, Angra do Heroísmo, Ankara, Aracaju, Argentina, Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Astana, Athens, Auckland, Austin, Texas, Australia, Austria, Autonomous communities of Spain, Azores, Babylon, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bank, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Beijing, Belize, Belize City, Belmopan, Belo Horizonte, Benin, Berlin, Bern, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, Bloemfontein, Bolivia, Bonn, Botswana, Brasília, ... Expand index (458 more) »

  2. Capitals

Abidjan

Abidjan (N'ko: ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬) is the largest city and the former capital of Côte d'Ivoire.

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Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi (أَبُو ظَبِي) is the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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Abuja

Abuja is the capital and eighth most populous city of Nigeria.

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Adelaide

Adelaide (Tarntanya) is the capital and most populous city of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide.

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Administration (government)

The term administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to the jurisdiction under which it operates.

See Capital city and Administration (government)

Administrative division

Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, #-level subdivisions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Capital city and administrative division are types of administrative division.

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Al Jazeera Arabic

Al Jazeera Arabic (الجزيرة) is a Qatari state-owned Arabic-language news television network.

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Albany, New York

Albany is the capital and oldest city in the U.S. state of New York, and the seat of and most populous city in Albany County.

See Capital city and Albany, New York

Amaravati

Amaravati is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a military conflict that was part of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam (literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital and most populated city of the Netherlands.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

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Ancient Near East

The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, and northeastern Syria), ancient Egypt, ancient Persia (Elam, Media, Parthia, and Persis), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus) and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh (abbr. AP) is a state in the southern coastal region of India.

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Andreas Daum

Andreas W. Daum is a German-American historian who specializes in modern German and transatlantic history, as well as the history of knowledge and global exploration.

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Angra do Heroísmo

Angra do Heroísmo, or simply Angra, is a city and municipality on Terceira Island, Portugal, and one of the three capital cities of the Azores.

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Ankara

Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2).

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Aracaju

Aracaju is the capital of the state of Sergipe, Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country on the coast, about 350 km (217 mi) north of Salvador.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal.

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Astana

Astana, formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

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Athens

Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Auckland

Auckland (Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. It has an urban population of about It is located in the greater Auckland Region, the area governed by Auckland Council, which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, and which has a total population of as of It is the most populous city of New Zealand and the fifth largest city in Oceania.

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Austin, Texas

Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat and most populous city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

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Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

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Autonomous communities of Spain

In Spain, an autonomous community (comunidad autónoma) is the first sub-national level of political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Spanish Constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy of the nationalities and regions that make up Spain.

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Azores

The Azores (Açores), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira).

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Babylon

Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.

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Bahadur Shah Zafar

Bahadur Shah II (born Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad (24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862), usually referred to by his poetic title Bahadur Shah Zafar (Zafar), was the twentieth and last Mughal emperor and a Hindustani poet. He was the second son and the successor to his father, Akbar II, who died in 1837.

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Bank

A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans.

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Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Baton Rouge (French: Baton Rouge or Bâton-Rouge,; Batonrouj) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Louisiana.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Belize

Belize (Bileez) is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America.

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Belize City

Belize City is the largest city in Belize.

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Belmopan

Belmopan is the capital city of Belize.

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Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, with a population of 6 million.

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Benin

Benin (Bénin, Benɛ, Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (République du Bénin), and also known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Bern

Bern, or Berne,Bärn; Bèrna; Berna; Berna.

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Bhopal

Bhopal (ISO: Bhōpāla) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division.

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Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha, located in the Khordha district.

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Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

Bilaspur, also known as "The City of Festivals", is a city located in Bilaspur District in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

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Bloemfontein

Bloemfontein, also known as Bloem, is the capital and the largest city of the Free State province in South Africa.

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Bolivia

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.

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Bonn

Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.

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Botswana

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

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Brasília

Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District, located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region.

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Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

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Brisbane

Brisbane (Meanjin) is the capital of the state of Queensland and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Honduras

British Honduras was a Crown colony on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, from 1783 to 1964, then a self-governing colony, renamed Belize in June 1973,, Caribbean Community.

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Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bucks County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires, officially the Buenos Aires Province, is the largest and most populous Argentine province.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Cabinet of Israel

The Cabinet of Israel (translit) exercises executive authority in the State of Israel.

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Cabinet of the Netherlands

The cabinet of the Netherlands (Nederlands kabinet) is the main executive body of the Netherlands.

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Cahokia

The Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (11 MS 2) is the site of a pre-Columbian Native American city (which existed 1050–1350 CE) directly across the Mississippi River from present-day St. Louis, Missouri.

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Cairo

Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.

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California

California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.

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Canada

Canada is a country in North America.

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Canadian Confederation

Canadian Confederation (Confédération canadienne) was the process by which three British North American provinces—the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—were united into one federation, called the Dominion of Canada, on July 1, 1867.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Canberra

Canberra is the capital city of Australia.

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Canton of Bern

The canton of Bern, or Berne (Kanton Bern; canton de Berne; Chantun Berna; Canton Berna), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation.

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Canton of Zurich

The canton of Zurich (Kanton Zürich; Canton de Zurich.; Chantun Turitg; Canton Zurigo.) is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country.

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Cantons of Switzerland

The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the Swiss Confederation.

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Cape Town

Cape Town is the legislative capital of South Africa.

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Capital of New Zealand

Wellington has been the capital of New Zealand since 1865.

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Capital of the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, the Constitution refers to Amsterdam as the capital city.

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Capital region

A capital region, also called a capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding the country's capital city. Capital city and capital region are types of administrative division.

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Caput Mundi

Caput Mundi is a Latin phrase which literally means "Head of the world" whereas Roma Caput Mundi means "Rome capital of the world" and is one of the many nicknames given to the city of Rome throughout its history.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Cavite

Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite (Lalawigan ng Kabite; Chavacano: Provincia de Cavite), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon.

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Côte d'Ivoire

Côte d'Ivoire, also known as Ivory Coast and officially known as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.

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Center of population

In demographics, the center of population (or population center) of a region is a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population.

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Central Tibetan Administration

The Central Tibetan Administration.

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Central, Hong Kong

Central (also Central District) is the central business district of Hong Kong.

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Cetinje

Cetinje is a town in Montenegro.

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Chancellor of Germany

The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany, and the commander-in-chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime.

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Chandigarh

Chandigarh is a city and union territory in northern India, serving as the shared capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana.

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Chang'an

Chang'an is the traditional name of Xi'an.

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Chengdu

Chengdu is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan.

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Chester County, Pennsylvania

Chester County (Pennsylvania Dutch: Tscheschter Kaundi), colloquially referred to as Chesco, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh is a landlocked state in Central India.

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Chicago

Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.

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Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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City

A city is a human settlement of a notable size.

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City of London

The City of London, also known as the City, is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the ancient centre, and constitutes, along with Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London and one of the leading financial centres of the world.

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City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.

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Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Colombo

Colombo (translit,; translit) is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population.

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Colombo District

Colombo District (කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය kol̠am̆ba distrikkaya; கொழும்பு மாவட்டம் Koḻumpu Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country.

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Columbia, South Carolina

Columbia is the capital city of the U.S. state of South Carolina.

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Community of Madrid

The Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain.

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Compromise of 1790

The Compromise of 1790 was a compromise among Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, where Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, and Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital, called the District of Columbia, for the South.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or the South, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865.

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Confucianism

Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.

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Conquest

Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

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Constitution

A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed.

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Constitution of Bolivia

The current Constitution of Bolivia (Constitución Política del Estado; literally, the Political Constitution of the State) came into effect on 7 February 2009 when it was promulgated by President Evo Morales, after being approved in a referendum with 90.24% participation.

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Constitution of Malaysia

The Federal Constitution of Malaysia (Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia), which came into force in 1957 as the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya and was amended in 1963 to form the Constitution of Malaysia, is the supreme law of Malaysia and contains a total of 183 articles.

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Constitution of Portugal

The present Constitution of Portugal was adopted in 1976 after the Carnation Revolution.

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Constitutional Court of South Africa

The Constitutional Court of South Africa is a supreme constitutional court established by the Constitution of South Africa, and is the apex court in the South African judicial system, with general jurisdiction.

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Cook Strait

Cook Strait (Te Moana-o-Raukawa) is a strait that separates the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

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Cotonou

Cotonou (Kútɔ̀nú) is the largest city in Benin.

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Council of State (Netherlands)

The Council of State (Raad van State) is a constitutionally established advisory body in the Netherlands to the government and States General that officially consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic or military experience.

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Counties of the United Kingdom

The counties of the United Kingdom are subnational divisions of the United Kingdom, used for the purposes of administrative, geographical and political demarcation.

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Country

A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity.

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County seat

A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish.

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County town

In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is the most important town or city in a county. Capital city and county town are capitals.

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Cusco

Cusco or Cuzco (Qusqu or Qosqo) is a city in southeastern Peru near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river.

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Cuttack

Cuttack (or officially Kataka in Odia), is the former capital and the second largest city in the Indian state of Odisha.

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Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Damascus

Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.

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Danish Realm

The Danish Realm, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, or simply Denmark, is a sovereign state and refers to the area over which the monarch of Denmark is head of state.

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Dar es Salaam

Dar es Salaam (from lit) is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania.

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Darbar Move

Darbar Move was the name given to the bi-annual shift of the secretariat and all other government offices of Jammu and Kashmir from one capital city to another, which operated from 1872 till 2021.

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Darwin, Northern Territory

Darwin (Larrakia) is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia.

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.

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Dehradun

Dehradun, also known as Dehra Doon, is the capital and the most populous city of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

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Delaware County, Pennsylvania

Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Delhi

Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Rājadhānī Kṣētra Dillī), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.

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Delhi Durbar

The Delhi Durbar (lit. "Court of Delhi") was an Indian imperial-style mass assembly organized by the British at Coronation Park, Delhi, India, to mark the succession of an Emperor or Empress of India.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.

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Department (administrative division)

A department is an administrative or political division in several countries. Capital city and department (administrative division) are types of administrative division.

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Dharamshala

Dharamshala (also spelled Dharamsala) is a town in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Dodoma

Dodoma (in Gogo), officially Dodoma City (Jiji Kuu la Dodoma, in Swahili), is the capital of Tanzania and the administrative capital of both Dodoma Municipal Council and the entire Dodoma Region, with a population of 765,179.

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Downtown Core

The Downtown Core is the historical and downtown centre of the city-state of Singapore and the main commercial area in Singapore excluding reclaimed lands with many integrated resorts such as the Marina Bay Sands, one of the most expensive buildings in the world, with a luxurious standalone casino at Bayfront Avenue.

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Dresden

Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.

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Dynasties of China

For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.

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Eastern Wu

Wu (Chinese: 吳; pinyin: Wú; Middle Chinese *ŋuo Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. p. 52), known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period.

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Economic geography

Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it.

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Ecumene

In ancient Greece, the term ecumene (U.S.) or oecumene (UK) denoted the known, inhabited, or habitable world.

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Edinburgh

Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.

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Edwin Lutyens

Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens (29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.

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Emirate of Abu Dhabi

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi (translit) is one of seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates.

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Emperor of India

Emperor or Empress of India was a title used by British monarchs from 1 May 1876 (with the Royal Titles Act 1876) to 22 June 1948 Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the ('Section 7:...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.').

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

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Ernakulam

Ernakulam is the central business district of the city of Kochi, Kerala, India.

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Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.

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Estonian language

Estonian (eesti keel) is a Finnic language of the Uralic family.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Faial Island

Faial Island, also known as Fayal Island, is a Portuguese island of the Central Group or Grupo Central of the Azores, in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Federal cities of Russia

In the Russian Federation, a city of federal importance (gorod federalnogo znacheniya), also known as a federal city, is a city that has a status of both an inhabited locality and a constituent federal subject.

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Federal city

The term federal city is a title for certain cities in Germany, Switzerland and Russia. Capital city and federal city are capitals.

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Federal Constitutional Court

The Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht; abbreviated: BVerfG) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law of Germany.

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Federal states of Austria

Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine federal states.

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Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland

The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland (Bundesgericht, Tribunal fédéral, Tribunale federale, Tribunal federal) is the supreme court of the Swiss Confederation and at the head of the Swiss judiciary.

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Federated state

A federated state (also state, province, region, canton, land, governorate, oblast, emirate, or country) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation. Capital city and federated state are types of administrative division.

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Federation

A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism).

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Feudalism

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Florida

Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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Fourth Crusade

The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Frankfort, Kentucky

Frankfort is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kentucky and the seat of Franklin County.

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Gaborone

Gaborone is the capital and largest city of Botswana with a population of 246,325 based on the 2022 census, about 10% of the total population of Botswana.

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Gairsain

Gairsain is a town in Chamoli district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand near state's summer capital Bhararisain.

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Gandhinagar

Gandhinagar is the capital of the state of Gujarat in India.

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Gaza City

Gaza, also called Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip.

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Geopolitics

Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.

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George V

George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.

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German reunification

German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Ghost town

A ghost town, deserted city, extinct town, or abandoned city is an abandoned settlement, usually one that contains substantial visible remaining buildings and infrastructure such as roads.

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Goiás

Goiás is a Brazilian state located in the Midwest region.

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Goiânia

Goiânia is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás.

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Government

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.

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Government of France

The Government of France (French: Gouvernement français), officially the Government of the French Republic, exercises executive power in France.

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Government of Portugal

The Government of Portugal, also referred to as the Government of the Portuguese Republic, the Portuguese Government or simply the Government, is one of the four of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts.

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Granada, Nicaragua

Granada is a city in western Nicaragua and the capital of the Granada Department.

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Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

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Greater London

Greater London is the administrative area of London, which is coterminous with the London region.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Greek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829.

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Gujarat

Gujarat is a state along the western coast of India.

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Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Harrisburg (Harrisbarrig) is the capital city of the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the seat of Dauphin County.

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Haryana

Haryana (ISO: Hariyāṇā) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country.

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A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste.

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Helsinki

Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland.

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Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh ("Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India.

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History of Athens

Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years.

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History of China

The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area.

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Hobart

Hobart ((palawa kani: nipaluna) is the capital and most populous city of the island state of Tasmania, Australia. Located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, it is the southernmost capital city in Australia. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania's population, Hobart is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by population and area after Darwin if territories are taken into account.

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Holy city

A holy city is a city important to the history or faith of a specific religion.

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Holy See

The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.

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Horta, Azores

Horta is a municipality and city in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores encompassing the island of Faial.

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Huambo

Huambo, formerly Nova Lisboa (English: New Lisbon), is the third-most populous city in Angola, after the capital city Luanda and Lubango, with a population of 595,304 in the city and a population of 713,134 in the municipality of Huambo (Census 2014).

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Hyderabad

Hyderabad (ISO) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana.

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Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (translit), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Imus

Imus, officially the City of Imus (Lungsod ng Imus), is a 1st class component city and de jure capital of the province of Cavite, Philippines.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Indiana

Indiana is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Indianapolis

Indianapolis, colloquially known as Indy, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County.

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Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee (IOC; Comité international olympique, CIO) is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Islamabad

Islamabad (اسلام‌آباد|translit.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Israeli–Palestinian peace process

Intermittent discussions are held by various parties and proposals put forward in an attempt to resolve the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict through a peace process.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Itinerant court

An itinerant court was a migratory form of government shared in European kingdoms during the Early Middle Ages.

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Jabalpur

Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.

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Jaipur

Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the north-western Indian state of Rajasthan.

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Jammu

Jammu is a city in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.

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Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)

Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a union territory and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.

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Jefferson City, Missouri

Jefferson City, informally Jeff City, is the capital of the U.S. state of Missouri.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jerusalem Law

Jerusalem Law (قانون القدس) is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Knesset on 30 July 1980.

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Jianye, Nanjing

Jianye District is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China.

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Jodhpur

Jodhpur is the second-largest city of the north-western Indian state of Rajasthan after its capital Jaipur.

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Johannesburg

Johannesburg (Zulu and Xhosa: eGoli) (colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, Jo'burg or "The City of Gold") is the most populous city in South Africa with 4,803,262 people, and is classified as a megacity; it is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world.

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Journalist

A journalist is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a newsworthy form and disseminates it to the public.

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Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction (from Latin juris 'law' + dictio 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice.

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Kansas City, Missouri

Kansas City, Missouri (KC or KCMO) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area.

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Kargil district

Kargil district is a district in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir-region.

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Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe (South Franconian: Kallsruh) is the third-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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Kerala

Kerala (/), called Keralam in Malayalam, is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.

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King of Malaysia

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, unofficially known as the king of Malaysia, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.

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Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.

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Knesset

The Knesset (translit, translit) is the unicameral legislature of Israel.

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Kolkata

Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta (its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur; 吉隆坡联邦直辖区; கோலாலம்பூர் கூட்டரசு பிரதேசம்) and colloquially referred to as KL, is a federal territory and the capital city of Malaysia.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.

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La Paz

La Paz, officially Nuestra Señora de La Paz, is the seat of government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia.

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La Plata

La Plata is the capital city of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

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Ladakh

Ladakh is a region administered by India as a union territory and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.

See Capital city and Ladakh

Las Palmas

Las Palmas, officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is a Spanish city and capital of Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Lausanne

Lausanne (Losena) is the capital and largest city of the Swiss French-speaking canton of Vaud.

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Lawyer

A lawyer is a person who practices law.

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Lazio

Lazio or Latium (from the original Latin name) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy.

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León, Nicaragua

León is the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua.

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Legislative Assembly of the Azores

The Legislative Assembly of the Azores (Assembleia Legislativa dos Açores) is the regional assembly/legislature of the Azores, an autonomous region of Portugal.

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Leh

Leh is a city in Ladakh in the Himalayan region.

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Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington is a consolidated city coterminous with, and the county seat of, Fayette County, Kentucky, United States.

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Li Zicheng

Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by his nickname, the Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who helped overthrow the Ming dynasty in April 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the Yongchang Emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.

See Capital city and Lisbon

List of capitals in the United States

This is a list of capital cities of the United States, including places that serve or have served as federal, state, insular area, territorial, colonial and Native American capitals.

See Capital city and List of capitals in the United States

List of countries whose capital is not their largest city

The list of countries whose capital is not their largest city refers to the list of sovereign states whose capital is not their most populated city.

See Capital city and List of countries whose capital is not their largest city

List of countries with multiple capitals

Some countries have multiple capitals.

See Capital city and List of countries with multiple capitals

List of diplomatic missions in Israel

Diplomatic missions in Israel are foreign embassies and consulates in Israel.

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List of diplomatic missions in Palestine

This is a list of diplomatic missions in Palestine, covering missions accredited to the State of Palestine or to the Palestinian National Authority (PNA).

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List of diplomatic missions in Portugal

This article lists diplomatic missions resident in Portugal.

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List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands

This article contains a list of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands.

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List of national capital city name etymologies

This list covers English language national capital city names with their etymologies.

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List of purpose-built national capitals

This is a list of capital cities that were specially designed, planned, and built to be a national or regional capital.

See Capital city and List of purpose-built national capitals

Lists of capitals

Below is an index of pages containing lists of capital cities. Capital city and lists of capitals are capitals.

See Capital city and Lists of capitals

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

See Capital city and London

Los Angeles

Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California.

See Capital city and Los Angeles

Louisiana

Louisiana (Louisiane; Luisiana; Lwizyàn) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States.

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Louisiana Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of Louisiana (Cour suprême de Louisiane; Corte Suprema de Luisiana) is the highest court and court of last resort in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

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Louisville, Kentucky

Louisville is the most populous city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, sixth-most populous city in the Southeast, and the 27th-most-populous city in the United States.

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Lower Canada

The Province of Lower Canada (province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791–1841).

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Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh (meaning 'central province') is a state in central India.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

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Mainz

Mainz (see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 35th-largest city.

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Malacañang Palace

Malacañang Palace (Palasyo ng Malakanyang,; Palacio de Malacañán), officially known as Malacañan Palace, is the official residence and principal workplace of the president of the Philippines.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.

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Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Managua

Managua is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America.

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Manchu people

The Manchus are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.

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Mandaluyong

Mandaluyong, officially the City of Mandaluyong (Lungsod ng Mandaluyong), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines.

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Manila

Manila (Maynila), officially the City of Manila (Lungsod ng Maynila), is the capital and second-most-populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Medieval Latin

Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

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Melbourne

Melbourne (Boonwurrung/Narrm or Naarm) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia, after Sydney.

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Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept.

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Metro Manila

Metropolitan Manila (Kalakhang Maynila), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally the National Capital Region (NCR; Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines.

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Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico City

Mexico City (Ciudad de México,; abbr.: CDMX; Central Nahuatl:,; Otomi) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America.

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Microstate

A microstate or ministate is a sovereign state having a very small population or land area, usually both.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Military geography

Military geography is a sub-field of geography that is used by the military, as well as academics and politicians, to understand the geopolitical sphere through the military lens.

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Minas Gerais

Minas Gerais is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 census.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)

The Ministry of Education and Research (Haridus- ja teadusministeerium) is a government ministry of Estonia, responsible for the planning and carrying out education, research, youth, and language policies, developing the national curricula and other educational standards and performing state supervision over the compliance of national curricula and other educational standards and educational institutions.

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Missouri

Missouri is a landlocked state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Monaco

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea.

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Monarch

A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary.

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Mongols

The Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (majority in Inner Mongolia), as well as Buryatia and Kalmykia of Russia.

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Montenegro

Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

Montgomery County, colloquially referred to as Montco, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Montreal

Montreal is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest in Canada, and the tenth-largest in North America.

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Montserrat

Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean.

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Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

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Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

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Municipality

A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. Capital city and municipality are types of administrative division.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.

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Nafplio

Nafplio or Nauplio (Náfplio) is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece.

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Nainital

Nainital (Kumaoni: Naintāl) is a town and headquarters of Nainital district of Kumaon division, Uttarakhand, India.

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Nanjing

Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.

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Nantou County

Nantou County (Hokkien POJ: Lâm-tâu-koān; Hakka PFS: Nàm-thèu-yen) is the second largest county of Taiwan by area, located in the central part of the country.

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Naples

Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.

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Nation state

A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.

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National Assembly (France)

The National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (Sénat).

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National Congress of Chile

The National Congress of Chile (Congreso Nacional de Chile) is the legislative branch of the Republic of Chile.

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Nauru

Nauru (or; Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Micronesia, part of Oceania in the Central Pacific.

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Nava Raipur, officially known as Atal Nagar-Nava Raipur, is a planned city and fully Greenfield city in Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

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Naypyidaw

Naypyidaw (officially romanized Nay Pyi Taw and also spelled as Naypyitaw and Nay Pyi Daw), is the capital and third-largest city of Myanmar.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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New Delhi

New Delhi (ISO: Naī Dillī), is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT).

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New Orleans

New Orleans (commonly known as NOLA or the Big Easy among other nicknames) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana.

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New York (state)

New York, also called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern United States.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nicosia

Nicosia (also known as Lefkosia in Greek and Lefkoşa in Turkish) is the capital and largest city of Cyprus.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.

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Noordeinde Palace

Noordeinde Palace (Paleis Noordeinde) is one of three official palaces of the Dutch royal family.

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North Africa

North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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North Island

The North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui, 'the fish of Māui', officially North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui or historically New Ulster) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but less populous South Island by Cook Strait.

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North Nicosia

North Nicosia or Northern Nicosia (Kuzey Lefkoşa; Βόρεια Λευκωσία) is the capital and largest city of the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.

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Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus.

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Northern Territory

The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an Australian internal territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia.

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Northern United States

The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North, the Northern States, or simply the North, is a geographical and historical region of the United States.

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Nusantara (city)

Nusantara, officially the Capital City of Nusantara (Ibu Kota Nusantara, IKN), is the future capital of Indonesia, scheduled to be inaugurated on 17 August 2024, coinciding with Indonesian Independence Day.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

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Odisha

Odisha (English), formerly Orissa (the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Choctaw: Oklahumma) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City, officially the City of Oklahoma City, and often shortened to OKC, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Ontario

Ontario is the southernmost province of Canada.

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Ottawa

Ottawa (Canadian French) is the capital city of Canada.

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Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

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Palace of Versailles

The Palace of Versailles (château de Versailles) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France.

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Palacio Quemado

The Bolivian Palace of Government, better known as italic (Burnt Palace), was the official residence of the President of Bolivia from 1853 to 2018 and again briefly from 2019 to 2020.

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Palestinian Authority

The Palestinian Authority, officially known as the Palestinian National Authority or the State of Palestine, is the Fatah-controlled government body that exercises partial civil control over the Palestinian enclaves in the Israeli-occupied West Bank as a consequence of the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords.

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Palmas, Tocantins

Palmas (Palm trees; Akwẽ-Xerénte: Akwẽ krikahâzawre wam hã) is the capital and largest city of the state of Tocantins, Brazil.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Parliament of Malaysia

The Parliament of Malaysia (Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States.

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Pensacola, Florida

Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle.

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Perth

Perth (Boorloo) is the capital city of Western Australia.

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Peter the Great

Peter I (–), was Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first Emperor of all Russia, known as Peter the Great, from 1721 until his death in 1725.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the nation, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census.

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Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Piauí

Piauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region.

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Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is a city in and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Planned community

A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land.

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Plurinational Electoral Organ

The Plurinational Electoral Organ (Órgano Electoral Plurinacional) is the independent electoral branch of the government of Bolivia.

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Plurinational Legislative Assembly

The Plurinational Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional) is the national legislature of Bolivia, placed in La Paz, the country's seat of government.

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Plymouth, Montserrat

Plymouth is a ghost town and the de jure capital of the island of Montserrat, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Leeward Island chain of the Lesser Antilles, West Indies.

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Podgorica

Podgorica (Подгорица) is the capital and largest city of Montenegro.

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Political science

Political science is the scientific study of politics.

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Polity

A polity is a group of people with a collective identity, who are organized by some form of political institutionalized social relations, and have a capacity to mobilize resources.

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Ponta Delgada

Ponta Delgada is the largest municipality (concelho) and executive capital of the Autonomous Region of the Azores in Portugal.

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Port of Spain

Port of Spain, officially the City of Port of Spain (also stylized Port-of-Spain), is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago and the third largest municipality, after Chaguanas and San Fernando.

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Porto-Novo

Porto-Novo (Portuguese: "New Port",,; Àjàṣẹ́) (also known as Hogbonu and Ajashe) is the capital and second-largest city of Benin.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Potomac River

The Potomac River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States that flows from the Potomac Highlands in West Virginia to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.

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President of France

The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces.

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President of Germany

The president of Germany, officially titled the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is Bundespräsident, with der Bundesrepublik Deutschland being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the head of state of Germany.

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President of Montenegro

The President of Montenegro is the head of state of Montenegro. The current president is Jakov Milatović since 20 May 2023. The official residence of the president is the Dom Revolucije in Nikšić. The President is constitutionally limited to two five-year terms of office. A candidate must be a citizen of Montenegro and have lived there for at least ten of the prior fifteen years.

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President of Portugal

The president of Portugal, officially the president of the Portuguese Republic (Presidente da República Portuguesa), is the head of state and highest office of Portugal.

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President of the Philippines

The president of the Philippines (pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as presidente ng Pilipinas) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines.

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Presidents of the Regional Government of the Azores

Presidents of the Regional Government of the Azores are heads of government for the autonomous local authority of the Azores, since the Carnation Revolution that installed the democratic Third Portuguese Republic.

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Pretoria

Pretoria, is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.

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Primate city

A primate city is a city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy.

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Prime Minister of Portugal

The prime minister of Portugal (primeiro-ministro) is the head of government of Portugal.

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Province

A province is an administrative division within a country or state. Capital city and province are types of administrative division.

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Province of Canary Islands

The Province of Canary Islands (in Spanish: Provincia de Canarias) is the name of the former province formed by the Canary Islands.

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Provinces and territories of Canada

Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution.

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Public policy doctrine

In private international law, the public policy doctrine or ordre public (French: "public order") concerns the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state.

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Punjab, India

Punjab (Also and other variants) is a state in northwestern India.

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Putrajaya

Putrajaya, officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya; Jawi), is the administrative centre of Malaysia.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.

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Quebec

QuebecAccording to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.

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Quebec City

Quebec City (or; Ville de Québec), officially known as Québec, is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec.

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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901.

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Quezon City

Quezon City (Lungsod Quezon), also known as the City of Quezon and Q.C. (read and pronounced in Filipino as Kyusi), is the most populous city in the Philippines.

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Raipur

Raipur is the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

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Rajasthan

Rajasthan (lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northwestern India.

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Raleigh, North Carolina

Raleigh is the capital city of the U.S. state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County.

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Ramallah

Ramallah (help|God's Height) is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank, that serves as the de facto administrative capital of the State of Palestine.

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Regions of Italy

The regions of Italy (regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Residence Act

The Residence Act of 1790, officially titled An Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States, is a United States federal statute adopted during the second session of the 1st United States Congress and signed into law by President George Washington on July 16, 1790.

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Richmond, Virginia

Richmond is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Angra

The Diocese of Angra (Diocese de Angra, Dioecesis Angrensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.

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Romanticism

Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.

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Sacramento, California

() is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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San Francisco

San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center in Northern California.

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San Salvador

San Salvador is the capital and the largest city of El Salvador and its eponymous department.

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Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Santa Cruz de Tenerife (locally), commonly abbreviated as Santa Cruz, is a city, the capital of the island of Tenerife, Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and one of the capitals of the Canary Islands, along with Las Palmas.

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Santiago

Santiago, also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas.

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São Miguel Island

São Miguel Island (Portuguese for "Saint Michael"), nicknamed "The Green Island" (Ilha Verde), is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of São Paulo.

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Seat of government

The seat of government is (as defined by Brewer's Politics) "the building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". Capital city and seat of government are capitals.

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Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931.

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Sejong City

Sejong or Sejong City, officially the Sejong Special Self-Governing City, is a special self-governing city and the de facto administrative capital of South Korea.

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Senate (France)

The Senate (Sénat) is the upper house of the French Parliament, with the lower house being the National Assembly, the two houses constituting the legislature of France.

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Seoul

Seoul, officially Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest city of South Korea.

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Serbian Despotate

The Serbian Despotate (Српска деспотовина / Srpska despotovina) was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century.

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Serbian Orthodox Church

The Serbian Orthodox Church (Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.

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Sergipe

Sergipe, officially State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil.

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Seville

Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville.

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Shanghai

Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.

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Shimla

Shimla (also known as Simla, the official name until 1972) is the capital and the largest city of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

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Shu Han

Han (漢; 221–263), known in historiography as Shu Han or Ji Han (季漢 "Junior Han"), or often shortened to Shu (p; Sichuanese Pinyin: Su Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. 157), was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia.

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Slave states and free states

In the United States before 1865, a slave state was a state in which slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade were legal, while a free state was one in which they were prohibited.

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Smederevo

Smederevo (Смедерево) is a city and the administrative center of the Podunavlje District in eastern Serbia.

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Societal collapse

Societal collapse (also known as civilizational collapse or systems collapse) is the fall of a complex human society characterized by the loss of cultural identity and of social complexity as an adaptive system, the downfall of government, and the rise of violence.

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Soltaniyeh

Soltaniyeh (سلطانيه) is a city in the Central District of Soltaniyeh County, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Carolina

South Carolina is a state in the coastal Southeastern region of the United States.

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South Island

The South Island (Te Waipounamu, 'the waters of Greenstone', officially South Island or Te Waipounamu or historically New Munster) is the largest of the three major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island and sparsely populated Stewart Island.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States.

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Sovereign state

A sovereign state is a state that has the highest authority over a territory.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Spanish language

Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.

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Springfield, Illinois

Springfield is the capital city of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County.

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Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte

Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, commonly known as Kotte, is the legislative capital of Sri Lanka.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.

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Srinagar

Srinagar (English) is a city in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.

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St. Augustine, Florida

St.

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St. Louis

St.

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St. Louis Post-Dispatch

The St.

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State (polity)

A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory. Capital city and state (polity) are types of administrative division.

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State of Palestine

Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region.

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States General of the Netherlands

The States General of the Netherlands (Staten-Generaal) is the supreme bicameral legislature of the Netherlands consisting of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) and the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer).

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States of Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen states.

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Status of Jerusalem

The status of Jerusalem has been described as "one of the most intractable issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict" due to the long-running territorial dispute between Israel and the Palestinians, both of which claim it as their capital city.

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Stuttgart

Stuttgart (Swabian: italics) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Sucre

Sucre is the de jure capital city of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the sixth most populous city in Bolivia.

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Summit Media

Summit Publishing Co., Inc., trading as Summit Media, is a Filipino digital lifestyle network in the Philippines.

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Supreme Court of California

The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California.

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Supreme Court of Estonia

The Supreme Court of Estonia (Riigikohus) is the court of last resort in Estonia.

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Supreme Court of the Netherlands

The Supreme Court of the Netherlands (Hoge Raad der Nederlanden or simply Hoge Raad), officially the High Council of the Netherlands, is the final court of appeal in civil, criminal and tax cases in the Netherlands, including Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Aruba.

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Supreme Court of the Philippines

The Supreme Court (Kataas-taasang Hukuman; colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11, 1901 through the enactment of its Act No. 136, an Act which abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

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Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Bolivia

The Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia) is the highest court of ordinary jurisdiction in Bolivia, based in Sucre.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Sydney

Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia.

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Symbol

A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship.

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Taiwan Province

Taiwan Province (PFS: Thòi-vàn-sén or Thòi-vân-sén) is a de jure administrative division of the Republic of China (ROC).

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Tallahassee, Florida

Tallahassee is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida.

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Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and most populous city of Estonia.

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

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Tartu

Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after Tallinn.

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Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand

Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand is an online encyclopedia established in 2001 by the New Zealand Government's Ministry for Culture and Heritage.

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo (translit,; translit), usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel.

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Temporary capital

A temporary capital or a provisional capital is a city or town chosen by a government as an interim base of operations due to some difficulty in retaining or establishing control of a different metropolitan area. Capital city and temporary capital are capitals.

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Terceira Island

Terceira is a volcanic island in the Azores archipelago, about a third of the way across the North Atlantic Ocean at a similar latitude to Portugal's capital Lisbon, and the island group is an insular part of Portugal.

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Teresina

Teresina is the capital and most populous municipality in the Brazilian state of Piauí.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.

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The Hague

The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands.

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Thiruvananthapuram

Thiruvananthapuram, commonly shortened to TVM or known by its former name Trivandrum, is the capital city of the Indian state of Kerala.

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Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from 220 to 280 AD following the end of the Han dynasty.

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Tocantins

Tocantins is one of the 26 states of Brazil.

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Tokyo

Tokyo (東京), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (label), is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023 and the second-most-populated capital in the world.

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Toompea Castle

Toompea castle (Toompea loss) is a medieval castle on Toompea hill in the central part of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.

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Trece Martires

Trece Martires, officially the City of Trece Martires (Lungsod ng Trece Martires), is a 1st class component city and de facto capital city of the province of Cavite, Philippines.

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Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean region of North America.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Turku

Turku (Åbo) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland.

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Union of South Africa

The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika; Unie van Suid-Afrika) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.

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Union territory

A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India.

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Unitary state

A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Kingdom–United States relations

Relations between the United Kingdom and the United States have ranged from military opponents to close allies since 1776.

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United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus

The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus is a demilitarized zone, patrolled by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), that was established on 4 March 1964, then extended on 9 August after the Battle of Tillyria and extended again in 1974 after the ceasefire of 16 August 1974, following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and the de facto partition of the island into the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus (excluding the British Sovereign Base Areas) and the largely unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the north.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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Upper Canada

The Province of Upper Canada (province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America, formerly part of the Province of Quebec since 1763.

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Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, formerly known as Uttaranchal (the official name until 2007), is a state in northern India.

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Valletta

Valletta (il-Belt Valletta) is the capital city of Malta and one of its 68 council areas.

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Valparaíso

Valparaíso is a major city, commune, seaport and naval base facility in Valparaíso Region, Chile.

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Vatican City

Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked sovereign country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy.

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Victoria, Hong Kong

The City of Victoria, often called Victoria City or simply Victoria, was the de facto capital of Hong Kong during its time as a British dependent territory.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

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Vijayawada

Vijayawada(), popularly known by its colonial name Bezawada, is the second largest city and commercial hub in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

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Virginia

Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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War of 1812

The War of 1812 was fought by the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in North America.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Wellington

Wellington is the capital city of New Zealand.

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West Asia

West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

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Westminster

Westminster is the main settlement of the City of Westminster in London, England.

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Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.

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Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands

Willem-Alexander (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born 27 April 1967) is King of the Netherlands.

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Yamoussoukro

Yamoussoukro (locally) is the de jure capital of Côte d'Ivoire and an autonomous district.

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Yangon

Yangon (ရန်ကုန်), formerly romanized as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma).

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Zhongxing New Village

Zhongxing New Village, sometimes rendered as Chunghsing New Village is an urban village located in Nantou City, Nantou County, Taiwan (ROC) and was the seat of government of Taiwan Province until the abolition of the Taiwan Provincial Government in 2018.

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Zurich

Zurich (Zürich) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich.

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1st century BC

The 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC and the last century BCE, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC.

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See also

Capitals

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city

Also known as Administrative Capital, Capital (city), Capital (government), Capital (political), Capital (politics), Capital cities, Capital town, Forward capital, Nation's capital, National Capital, Planned capitals, Provincial Capital, Provincial capitals.

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