Table of Contents
101 relations: Ammonia, Atmosphere, Atomic nucleus, Avogadro constant, Barn (unit), Becquerel, Berkeley, California, Beta decay, Bicarbonate, Biological carbon fixation, Boiling water reactor, Bomb pulse, Borexino, Carbon, Carbon budget, Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Carbon label, Carbon monoxide, Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, Cluster decay, Coal, Cosmic ray, Cosmogenic nuclide, Curie (unit), Dendrochronology, Diamond battery, Earth's magnetic field, Electron, Equivalent dose, Fossil fuel, Franz N. D. Kurie, Geiger–Müller tube, Geomagnetic latitude, Half-life, Helicobacter pylori, Ionizing radiation, Isotope, Isotopes of boron, Isotopes of carbon, Isotopes of nitrogen, Isotopic labeling, Isotopic signature, Jan-Olov Liljenzin, Julian year (astronomy), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Liquid scintillation counting, List of nuclear weapons tests, ... Expand index (51 more) »
- Environmental isotopes
- Isotopes of carbon
- Radionuclides used in radiometric dating
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer of gasses that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object.
Atomic nucleus
The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.
See Carbon-14 and Atomic nucleus
Avogadro constant
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted or, is an SI defining constant with an exact value of (reciprocal moles).
See Carbon-14 and Avogadro constant
Barn (unit)
A barn (symbol: b) is a metric unit of area equal to (100 fm2).
Becquerel
The becquerel (symbol: Bq) is the unit of radioactivity in the International System of Units (SI).
Berkeley, California
Berkeley is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States.
See Carbon-14 and Berkeley, California
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide.
Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
Biological carbon fixation
Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide) to organic compounds.
See Carbon-14 and Biological carbon fixation
Boiling water reactor
A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power.
See Carbon-14 and Boiling water reactor
Bomb pulse
The bomb pulse is the sudden increase of carbon-14 (14C) in the Earth's atmosphere due to the hundreds of aboveground nuclear bombs tests that started in 1945 and intensified after 1950 until 1963, when the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom.
Borexino
Borexino is a deep underground particle physics experiment to study low energy (sub-MeV) solar neutrinos.
Carbon
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.
Carbon budget
A carbon budget is a concept used in climate policy to help set emissions reduction targets in a fair and effective way.
See Carbon-14 and Carbon budget
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.
See Carbon-14 and Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Carbon-14 and Carbon dioxide
Carbon label
Carbon label is a form of isotopic labeling where a carbon-12 atom is replaced with either a stable carbon-13 atom or radioactive carbon-11 or carbon-14 atoms in a chemical compound so as to 'tag' (i.e. label) that position of the compound to assist in determining the way a chemical reaction proceeds i.e.
See Carbon-14 and Carbon label
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air.
See Carbon-14 and Carbon monoxide
Carbon-12
Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars. Carbon-14 and carbon-12 are isotopes of carbon.
Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons. Carbon-14 and carbon-13 are Environmental isotopes and isotopes of carbon.
Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
A carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio or C:N ratio) is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in organic residues.
See Carbon-14 and Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
Cluster decay
Cluster decay, also named heavy particle radioactivity, heavy ion radioactivity or heavy cluster decay," is a rare type of nuclear decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a small "cluster" of neutrons and protons, more than in an alpha particle, but less than a typical binary fission fragment.
See Carbon-14 and Cluster decay
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.
Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays or astroparticles are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light.
Cosmogenic nuclide
Cosmogenic nuclides (or cosmogenic isotopes) are rare nuclides (isotopes) created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ Solar System atom, causing nucleons (protons and neutrons) to be expelled from the atom (see cosmic ray spallation). Carbon-14 and cosmogenic nuclide are Environmental isotopes.
See Carbon-14 and Cosmogenic nuclide
Curie (unit)
The curie (symbol Ci) is a non-SI unit of radioactivity originally defined in 1910.
See Carbon-14 and Curie (unit)
Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in a tree.
See Carbon-14 and Dendrochronology
Diamond battery
Diamond battery is the name of a nuclear battery concept proposed by the University of Bristol Cabot Institute during its annual lecture held on 25 November 2016 at the Wills Memorial Building.
See Carbon-14 and Diamond battery
Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
See Carbon-14 and Earth's magnetic field
Electron
The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.
Equivalent dose
Equivalent dose is a dose quantity H representing the stochastic health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body which represents the probability of radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage.
See Carbon-14 and Equivalent dose
Fossil fuel
A fossil fuel is a carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and planktons), a process that occurs within geological formations.
Franz N. D. Kurie
Franz Newell Devereux Kurie (February 6, 1907 in Victor, Colorado – June 12, 1972) was an American physicist who, while working at Yale in 1933, showed that the neutron was neither a dumbbell-shaped combination of proton and electron, nor an onion-shaped combination of an electron embracing the proton.
See Carbon-14 and Franz N. D. Kurie
Geiger–Müller tube
The Geiger–Müller tube or G–M tube is the sensing element of the Geiger counter instrument used for the detection of ionizing radiation.
See Carbon-14 and Geiger–Müller tube
Geomagnetic latitude
Geomagnetic latitude, or magnetic latitude (MLAT), is a parameter analogous to geographic latitude, except that, instead of being defined relative to the geographic poles, it is defined by the axis of the geomagnetic dipole, which can be accurately extracted from the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF).
See Carbon-14 and Geomagnetic latitude
Half-life
Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium.
See Carbon-14 and Helicobacter pylori
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (US, ionising radiation in the UK), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them.
See Carbon-14 and Ionizing radiation
Isotope
Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or nuclides) of the same chemical element.
Isotopes of boron
Boron (5B) naturally occurs as isotopes and, the latter of which makes up about 80% of natural boron.
See Carbon-14 and Isotopes of boron
Isotopes of carbon
Carbon (6C) has 14 known isotopes, from to as well as, of which and are stable.
See Carbon-14 and Isotopes of carbon
Isotopes of nitrogen
Natural nitrogen (7N) consists of two stable isotopes: the vast majority (99.6%) of naturally occurring nitrogen is nitrogen-14, with the remainder being nitrogen-15.
See Carbon-14 and Isotopes of nitrogen
Isotopic labeling
Isotopic labeling (or isotopic labelling) is a technique used to track the passage of an isotope (an atom with a detectable variation in neutron count) through chemical reaction, metabolic pathway, or a biological cell.
See Carbon-14 and Isotopic labeling
Isotopic signature
An isotopic signature (also isotopic fingerprint) is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material.
See Carbon-14 and Isotopic signature
Jan-Olov Liljenzin
Jan-Olov Liljenzin (1936-2019) was a Swedish chemist and professor in nuclear chemistry.
See Carbon-14 and Jan-Olov Liljenzin
Julian year (astronomy)
In astronomy, a Julian year (symbol: a or aj) is a unit of measurement of time defined as exactly 365.25 days of SI seconds each.
See Carbon-14 and Julian year (astronomy)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States.
See Carbon-14 and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Liquid scintillation counting
Liquid scintillation counting is the measurement of radioactive activity of a sample material which uses the technique of mixing the active material with a liquid scintillator (e.g. zinc sulfide), and counting the resultant photon emissions.
See Carbon-14 and Liquid scintillation counting
List of nuclear weapons tests
Nuclear weapons testing is the act of experimentally and deliberately firing one or more nuclear devices in a controlled manner pursuant to a military, scientific or technological goal.
See Carbon-14 and List of nuclear weapons tests
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench is an oceanic trench located in the western Pacific Ocean, about east of the Mariana Islands; it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth.
See Carbon-14 and Mariana Trench
Martin Kamen
Martin David Kamen (August 27, 1913, Toronto – August 31, 2002, Montecito, California) was an American chemist who, together with Sam Ruben, co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 on February 27, 1940, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley.
See Carbon-14 and Martin Kamen
Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).
Metric prefix
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit.
See Carbon-14 and Metric prefix
Mixing ratio
In chemistry and physics, the dimensionless mixing ratio is the abundance of one component of a mixture relative to that of all other components.
See Carbon-14 and Mixing ratio
Natural logarithm of 2
The decimal value of the natural logarithm of 2 is approximately The logarithm of 2 in other bases is obtained with the formula The common logarithm in particular is The inverse of this number is the binary logarithm of 10: By the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem, the natural logarithm of any natural number other than 0 and 1 (more generally, of any positive algebraic number other than 1) is a transcendental number.
See Carbon-14 and Natural logarithm of 2
Neutron
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Neutron cross section
In nuclear physics, the concept of a neutron cross section is used to express the likelihood of interaction between an incident neutron and a target nucleus.
See Carbon-14 and Neutron cross section
Neutron temperature
The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts.
See Carbon-14 and Neutron temperature
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.
See Carbon-14 and Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nuclear reprocessing
Nuclear reprocessing is the chemical separation of fission products and actinides from spent nuclear fuel.
See Carbon-14 and Nuclear reprocessing
Nuclear weapons testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance, yield, and effects of nuclear weapons and have resulted until 2020 in up to 2.4 million people dying from its global fallout.
See Carbon-14 and Nuclear weapons testing
Ocean
The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.
Oxygen-16
Oxygen-16 (symbol: 16O or) is a nuclide.
Oxygen-17
Oxygen-17 (17O) is a low-abundance, natural, stable isotope of oxygen (0.0373% in seawater; approximately twice as abundant as deuterium). Carbon-14 and oxygen-17 are Environmental isotopes.
Peatland
A peatland is a type of wetland whose soils consist of organic matter from decaying plants, forming layers of peat.
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.
See Carbon-14 and Petroleum reservoir
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Carbon-14 and Photosynthesis
Potassium-40
Potassium-40 (40K) is a radioactive isotope of potassium which has a long half-life of 1.25 billion years. Carbon-14 and potassium-40 are radionuclides used in radiometric dating.
See Carbon-14 and Potassium-40
Pressurized water reactor
A pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a type of light-water nuclear reactor.
See Carbon-14 and Pressurized water reactor
Proton
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).
Proxy (statistics)
In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable.
See Carbon-14 and Proxy (statistics)
PUREX
PUREX (plutonium uranium reduction extraction) is a chemical method used to purify fuel for nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons.
Radioactive tracer
A radioactive tracer, radiotracer, or radioactive label is a synthetic derivative of a natural compound in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a radionuclide (a radioactive atom).
See Carbon-14 and Radioactive tracer
Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. Carbon-14 and radiocarbon dating are isotopes of carbon.
See Carbon-14 and Radiocarbon dating
Radiogenic nuclide
A radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is produced by a process of radioactive decay.
See Carbon-14 and Radiogenic nuclide
Radiometric dating
Radiometric dating, radioactive dating or radioisotope dating is a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
See Carbon-14 and Radiometric dating
Radionuclide
A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable.
See Carbon-14 and Radionuclide
Radon
Radon is a chemical element; it has symbol Rn and atomic number 86.
Sam Ruben
Samuel Ruben (born Charles Rubenstein; November 5, 1913 – September 28, 1943) was an American chemist who with Martin Kamen co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 in 1940.
Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
See Carbon-14 and Scientific American
Sievert
The sievert (symbol: SvPlease note there are two non-SI units that use the same Sv abbreviation: the sverdrup and svedberg.) is a unit in the International System of Units (SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage.
Speleothem
A speleothem is a geological formation by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves.
Stratosphere
The stratosphere is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.
See Carbon-14 and Stratosphere
Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum (Latin, 'clear layer') is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope.
See Carbon-14 and Stratum lucidum
Suess effect
The Suess effect is a change in the ratio of the atmospheric concentrations of heavy isotopes of carbon (13C and 14C) by the admixture of large amounts of fossil-fuel derived CO2, which contains no 14CO2 and is depleted in 13CO2 relative to CO2 in the atmosphere and carbon in the upper ocean and the terrestrial biosphere.
See Carbon-14 and Suess effect
Tonne
The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.
Tooth enamel
Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish.
See Carbon-14 and Tooth enamel
Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth.
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Carbon-14 and University of Chicago
Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element; it has symbol U and atomic number 92.
Uranium oxide
Uranium oxide is an oxide of the element uranium.
See Carbon-14 and Uranium oxide
Urea
Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula.
Urea breath test
The urea breath test is a rapid diagnostic procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium implicated in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and peptic ulcer disease.
See Carbon-14 and Urea breath test
Urease
Ureases, functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases.
Willard Libby
Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American physical chemist noted for his role in the 1949 development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology and palaeontology.
See Carbon-14 and Willard Libby
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced) is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of marine science and engineering.
See Carbon-14 and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
(n-p) reaction
The (n-p) reaction, or (n,p) reaction, is an example of a nuclear reaction.
See Carbon-14 and (n-p) reaction
774–775 carbon-14 spike
The 774–775 carbon-14 spike is an observed increase of around 1.2% in the concentration of the radioactive carbon-14 isotope in tree rings dated to 774 or 775 CE, which is about 20 times higher than the normal year-to-year variation of radiocarbon in the atmosphere.
See Carbon-14 and 774–775 carbon-14 spike
See also
Environmental isotopes
- Δ13C
- Δ15N
- Δ18O
- Δ34S
- Carbon-13
- Carbon-14
- Chlorine-36
- Cosmogenic nuclide
- Deuterium
- Environmental isotopes
- Environmental radioactivity
- Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements
- Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
- Kinetic fractionation
- Oxygen-17
- Oxygen-18
- Per meg
- Radioanalytical chemistry
- Tritium
- Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water
Isotopes of carbon
- Δ13C
- Carbon-12
- Carbon-13
- Carbon-14
- Clumped isotopes
- Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis
- Isotopes of carbon
- Isotopically pure diamond
- Radiocarbon dating
Radionuclides used in radiometric dating
- Aluminium-26
- Beryllium-10
- Carbon-14
- Chlorine-36
- Iodine-129
- Potassium-40
- Samarium-147
- Thorium-232
- Tritium
- Uranium-235
- Uranium-238
References
Also known as 14C, Carbon 14, Carbon14, Radiocarbon.