Faster access than browser!
181 relations: ABL (gene), Adult stem cell, Alcohol, Alfred G. Knudson, Allele, Aneuploidy, Angiogenesis, Animal, Antimicrobial resistance, Apoptosis, Astrobiology, Atavism, Backup, BCR (gene), Biochemistry, Bird, Bladder cancer, BRCA1, BRCA2, Breast cancer, Cancer, Cancer research, Cancer stem cell, Carcinogen, Carcinoma, Carcinoma in situ, Cell (biology), Cell cycle, Cell division, Cell nucleus, Cellular differentiation, Cervical cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, Chromosomal translocation, Chromosome, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Clonorchiasis, Clonorchis sinensis, Coding region, Colorectal cancer, CpG site, Deletion (genetics), Developmental biology, DNA, DNA damage (naturally occurring), DNA methylation, DNA methylation in cancer, DNA methyltransferase, DNA mismatch repair, DNA repair, ..., DNA repair-deficiency disorder, DNA replication, DNA virus, Dominance (genetics), Drug resistance, Dysplasia, Enzyme, Epidemiology of cancer, Epigenetics, Epstein–Barr virus, ERCC1, Estrogen, Evolution, Exogeny, Exome, Familial adenomatous polyposis, Feedback, Fusion protein, Gene, Gene duplication, Gene expression, Genetics, Genome, Genome instability, Genotoxicity, Germline, Growth factor, Haploinsufficiency, Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, Histone, Histone code, Histone deacetylase inhibitor, HIV, HMGA2, Homeostasis, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Homologous recombination, Hormone, Host (biology), Human, Human papillomavirus infection, Hyperplasia, Hypothesis, Hypoxia (medical), Infection, Insertion (genetics), Intestinal gland, Kaposi's sarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Knudson hypothesis, Leukemia, Li–Fraumeni syndrome, Liver cancer, Lung cancer, Lymphoma, Malignant transformation, MALT lymphoma, Melanoma, Metastasis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MicroRNA, Microscope, Missense mutation, Mitogen, Mitosis, Molecular biology, Multicellular organism, Mutagen, Mutation, Natural selection, Neoplasm, Non-coding DNA, Nucleotide, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, Offspring, Oncogene, Oncology, Oncovirus, Opisthorchiasis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Organ (anatomy), Oxidative phosphorylation, Oxidative stress, P53, Pancreatic cancer, Pesticide resistance, Phenotype, Philadelphia chromosome, PMS2, Point mutation, Prognosis, Programmed cell death, Promoter (genetics), Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Provirus, Radiation therapy, Radon, Ras subfamily, Reactive oxygen species, Receptor (biochemistry), Relapse, Retinoblastoma, Retinoblastoma protein, Retrovirus, Robert Weinberg, Schistosoma, Schistosomiasis, Senescence, Signal transduction, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Somatic evolution in cancer, Stem cell, Stress (biology), Telomerase, Tissue (biology), Transcription (biology), Transcription factor, Tumor suppressor, Tumour heterogeneity, Tyrosine kinase, Ultraviolet, Viral transformation, Virtuous circle and vicious circle, Virus, Warburg effect, Warburg hypothesis, White blood cell, Wild type, Zygosity. Expand index (131 more) »
ABL (gene)
Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL) located on chromosome 9.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and ABL (gene) · See more »
Adult stem cell
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Adult stem cell · See more »
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Alcohol · See more »
Alfred G. Knudson
Alfred George Knudson, Jr. (August 9, 1922 – July 10, 2016) was an American physician and geneticist specializing in cancer genetics.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Alfred G. Knudson · See more »
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Allele · See more »
Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Aneuploidy · See more »
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Angiogenesis · See more »
Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Animal · See more »
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Antimicrobial resistance · See more »
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Apoptosis · See more »
Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Astrobiology · See more »
Atavism
In biology, an atavism is a modification of a biological structure whereby an ancestral trait reappears after having been lost through evolutionary change in previous generations.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Atavism · See more »
Backup
In information technology, a backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying into an archive file of computer data so it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Backup · See more »
BCR (gene)
The breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR) also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCR gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and BCR (gene) · See more »
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Biochemistry · See more »
Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Bird · See more »
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Bladder cancer · See more »
BRCA1
BRCA1 and BRCA1 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and BRCA1 · See more »
BRCA2
BRCA2 and BRCA2 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and BRCA2 · See more »
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Breast cancer · See more »
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cancer · See more »
Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cancer research · See more »
Cancer stem cell
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cancer stem cell · See more »
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Carcinogen · See more »
Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Carcinoma · See more »
Carcinoma in situ
Carcinoma in situ (CIS), also known as in situ neoplasm, is a group of abnormal cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Carcinoma in situ · See more »
Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cell (biology) · See more »
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cell cycle · See more »
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cell division · See more »
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cell nucleus · See more »
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cellular differentiation · See more »
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cervical cancer · See more »
Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer or "sneaky Pete", is a form of cancer that is composed of mutated epithelial cells (or cells showing characteristics of epithelial differentiation) that originate in the bile ducts which drain bile from the liver into the small intestine.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Cholangiocarcinoma · See more »
Chromosomal translocation
In genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Chromosomal translocation · See more »
Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Chromosome · See more »
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the white blood cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Chronic myelogenous leukemia · See more »
Clonorchiasis
Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, and two related species.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Clonorchiasis · See more »
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, is a human liver fluke belonging to the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Clonorchis sinensis · See more »
Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the CDS (from CoDing Sequence), is that portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for protein.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Coding region · See more »
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Colorectal cancer · See more »
CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and CpG site · See more »
Deletion (genetics)
In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Deletion (genetics) · See more »
Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Developmental biology · See more »
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA · See more »
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is distinctly different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA damage (naturally occurring) · See more »
DNA methylation
DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA methylation · See more »
DNA methylation in cancer
DNA methylation in cancer plays a variety of roles, helping to change the healthy regulation of gene expression to a disease pattern.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA methylation in cancer · See more »
DNA methyltransferase
In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA methyltransferase · See more »
DNA mismatch repair
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, as well as repairing some forms of DNA damage.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA mismatch repair · See more »
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA repair · See more »
DNA repair-deficiency disorder
A DNA repair-deficiency disorder is a medical condition due to reduced functionality of DNA repair.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA repair-deficiency disorder · See more »
DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA replication · See more »
DNA virus
A DNA virus is a virus that has DNA as its genetic material and replicates using a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and DNA virus · See more »
Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Dominance (genetics) · See more »
Drug resistance
Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in curing a disease or condition.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Drug resistance · See more »
Dysplasia
Dysplasia (from Ancient Greek δυσ- dys-, "bad" or "difficult" and πλάσις plasis, "formation") is a term used in pathology to refer to an abnormality of development or an epithelial anomaly of growth and differentiation (epithelial dysplasia).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Dysplasia · See more »
Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Enzyme · See more »
Epidemiology of cancer
The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Epidemiology of cancer · See more »
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Epigenetics · See more »
Epstein–Barr virus
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of eight known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Epstein–Barr virus · See more »
ERCC1
DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC1 gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and ERCC1 · See more »
Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Estrogen · See more »
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Evolution · See more »
Exogeny
In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity is the fact of an action or object originating externally.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Exogeny · See more »
Exome
The exome is the part of the genome composed of exons, the sequences which, when transcribed, remain within the mature RNA after introns are removed by RNA splicing and contribute to the final protein product encoded by that gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Exome · See more »
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which numerous adenomatous polyps form mainly in the epithelium of the large intestine.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Familial adenomatous polyposis · See more »
Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Feedback · See more »
Fusion protein
Fusion proteins or chimeric (\kī-ˈmir-ik) proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Fusion protein · See more »
Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Gene · See more »
Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Gene duplication · See more »
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Gene expression · See more »
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Genetics · See more »
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Genome · See more »
Genome instability
Genome instability (also genetic instability or genomic instability) refers to a high frequency of mutations within the genome of a cellular lineage.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Genome instability · See more »
Genotoxicity
In genetics, genotoxicity describes the property of chemical agents that damages the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Genotoxicity · See more »
Germline
In biology and genetics, the germline in a multicellular organism is the population of its bodily cells that are so differentiated or segregated that in the usual processes of reproduction they may pass on their genetic material to the progeny.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Germline · See more »
Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Growth factor · See more »
Haploinsufficiency
Haploinsufficiency is a mechanism of action to explain a phenotype when a diploid organism has lost one copy of a gene and is left with a single functional copy of that gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Haploinsufficiency · See more »
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Helicobacter pylori · See more »
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Hepatitis B · See more »
Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Histone · See more »
Histone code
The histone code is a hypothesis that the transcription of genetic information encoded in DNA is in part regulated by chemical modifications to histone proteins, primarily on their unstructured ends.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Histone code · See more »
Histone deacetylase inhibitor
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Histone deacetylase inhibitor · See more »
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and HIV · See more »
HMGA2
High-mobility group AT-hook 2, also known as HMGA2, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the HMGA2 gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and HMGA2 · See more »
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Homeostasis · See more »
Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Homogeneity and heterogeneity · See more »
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Homologous recombination · See more »
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Hormone · See more »
Host (biology)
In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Host (biology) · See more »
Human
Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Human · See more »
Human papillomavirus infection
Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Human papillomavirus infection · See more »
Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ huper, "over" + πλάσις plasis, "formation"), or hypergenesis, is an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Hyperplasia · See more »
Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Hypothesis · See more »
Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Hypoxia (medical) · See more »
Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Infection · See more »
Insertion (genetics)
In genetics, an insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Insertion (genetics) · See more »
Intestinal gland
In histology, an intestinal gland (also crypt of Lieberkühn and intestinal crypt) is a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine (colon).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Intestinal gland · See more »
Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Kaposi's sarcoma · See more »
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the ninth known human herpesvirus; its formal name according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is HHV-8.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus · See more »
Knudson hypothesis
The Knudson hypothesis, also known as the two-hit hypothesis or multiple-hit hypothesis, is the hypothesis that cancer is the result of accumulated mutations to a cell's DNA.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Knudson hypothesis · See more »
Leukemia
Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Leukemia · See more »
Li–Fraumeni syndrome
Li–Fraumeni syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder that pre-disposes carriers to cancer development.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Li–Fraumeni syndrome · See more »
Liver cancer
Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Liver cancer · See more »
Lung cancer
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Lung cancer · See more »
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Lymphoma · See more »
Malignant transformation
Malignant transformation is the process by which cells acquire the properties of cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Malignant transformation · See more »
MALT lymphoma
MALT lymphoma (MALToma) is a form of lymphoma involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), frequently of the stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can be afflicted.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and MALT lymphoma · See more »
Melanoma
Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Melanoma · See more »
Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Metastasis · See more »
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) refers to a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus · See more »
MicroRNA
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and MicroRNA · See more »
Microscope
A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Microscope · See more »
Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Missense mutation · See more »
Mitogen
A mitogen is a chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Mitogen · See more »
Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Mitosis · See more »
Molecular biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Molecular biology · See more »
Multicellular organism
Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Multicellular organism · See more »
Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Mutagen · See more »
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Mutation · See more »
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Natural selection · See more »
Neoplasm
Neoplasia is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Neoplasm · See more »
Non-coding DNA
In genomics and related disciplines, noncoding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Non-coding DNA · See more »
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Nucleotide · See more »
O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (also known as AGT, MGMT or AGAT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase · See more »
Offspring
In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Offspring · See more »
Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Oncogene · See more »
Oncology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Oncology · See more »
Oncovirus
An oncovirus is a virus that can cause cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Oncovirus · See more »
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease caused by species in the genus Opisthorchis (specifically, Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Opisthorchiasis · See more »
Opisthorchis viverrini
Opisthorchis viverrini, common name Southeast Asian liver fluke, is a food-borne trematode parasite from the family Opisthorchiidae that infects the bile duct.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Opisthorchis viverrini · See more »
Organ (anatomy)
Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Organ (anatomy) · See more »
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Oxidative phosphorylation · See more »
Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Oxidative stress · See more »
P53
Tumor protein p53, also known as p53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), phosphoprotein p53, tumor suppressor p53, antigen NY-CO-13, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53), is any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in various organisms, such as TP53 (humans) and Trp53 (mice).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and P53 · See more »
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Pancreatic cancer · See more »
Pesticide resistance
Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Pesticide resistance · See more »
Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Phenotype · See more »
Philadelphia chromosome
The Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation (Ph) is a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of leukemia cancer cells (particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Philadelphia chromosome · See more »
PMS2
Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMS2 gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and PMS2 · See more »
Point mutation
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Point mutation · See more »
Prognosis
Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing") is a medical term for predicting the likely or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and associated health issues; and the likelihood of survival (including life expectancy).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Prognosis · See more »
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell death (or PCD) is the death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Programmed cell death · See more »
Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Promoter (genetics) · See more »
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Protein · See more »
Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Protein biosynthesis · See more »
Provirus
A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Provirus · See more »
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Radiation therapy · See more »
Radon
Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Radon · See more »
Ras subfamily
Ras is a family of related proteins which is expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Ras subfamily · See more »
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Reactive oxygen species · See more »
Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Receptor (biochemistry) · See more »
Relapse
In medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Relapse · See more »
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Retinoblastoma · See more »
Retinoblastoma protein
The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated pRb; gene name abbreviated RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Retinoblastoma protein · See more »
Retrovirus
A retrovirus is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an obligate parasite, targets a host cell.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Retrovirus · See more »
Robert Weinberg
Robert Allan Weinberg (born November 11, 1942) is a biologist, Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), director of the Ludwig Center of the MIT, and American Cancer Society Research Professor.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Robert Weinberg · See more »
Schistosoma
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Schistosoma · See more »
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever and bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Schistosomiasis · See more »
Senescence
Senescence or biological ageing is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic of most complex lifeforms, arguably found in all biological kingdoms, that on the level of the organism increases mortality after maturation.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Senescence · See more »
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Signal transduction · See more »
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Single-nucleotide polymorphism · See more »
Somatic evolution in cancer
Somatic evolution is the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in somatic cells (the cells of a body, as opposed to germplasm and stem cells) during a lifetime, and the effects of those mutations and epimutations on the fitness of those cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Somatic evolution in cancer · See more »
Stem cell
Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Stem cell · See more »
Stress (biology)
Physiological or biological stress is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Stress (biology) · See more »
Telomerase
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Telomerase · See more »
Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Tissue (biology) · See more »
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Transcription (biology) · See more »
Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Transcription factor · See more »
Tumor suppressor
A tumor suppressor gene, or antioncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Tumor suppressor · See more »
Tumour heterogeneity
Tumour heterogeneity describes the observation that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation, and metastatic potential.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Tumour heterogeneity · See more »
Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Tyrosine kinase · See more »
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Ultraviolet · See more »
Viral transformation
Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype, or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Viral transformation · See more »
Virtuous circle and vicious circle
The terms virtuous circle and vicious circle (also referred to as virtuous cycle and vicious cycle) refer to complex chains of events that reinforce themselves through a feedback loop.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Virtuous circle and vicious circle · See more »
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Virus · See more »
Warburg effect
"Warburg effect" describes two unrelated observations in biochemistry, one in plant physiology and the other in oncology, both due to Nobel laureate Otto Heinrich Warburg.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Warburg effect · See more »
Warburg hypothesis
The Warburg hypothesis, sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult to mitochondria.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Warburg hypothesis · See more »
White blood cell
White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and White blood cell · See more »
Wild type
Wild type (WT) refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Wild type · See more »
Zygosity
Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.
New!!: Carcinogenesis and Zygosity · See more »
Redirects here:
Cancer induction, Cancer initiation, Carciogenesis, Neoplastic transformation, Oncogenesis, Oncogenic, Photocarcinogenesis, Tumorigenesis, Tumorigeneticity, Tumorigenic, Tumorigenicity, Tumorogenesis, Tumourigenesis.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis
