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Cascade Range

Index Cascade Range

The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. [1]

172 relations: Abies lasiocarpa, Admiral, Alexander Ross (fur trader), Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens, Allison Pass, Alnus rubra, Alpine tundra, American black bear, American Cordillera, Applegate Trail, Arid, Ashland, Oregon, Baker Lake (Washington), Baker River (Washington), Barlow Road, Beaver, Biodiversity, Bobcat, Bonneville Dam, British Columbia, British Columbia Highway 5, Caldera, California, California Floristic Province, California Trail, Canada–United States border, Canadian Pacific Railway, Cariboo Road, Cascade Pass, Cascade Volcanoes, Cascades Rapids, Cascadia (independence movement), Cascadia subduction zone, Central America, Coast Mountains, Columbia Plateau, Columbia River, Columbia River Basalt Group, Columbia River Gorge, Concrete, Washington, Contiguous United States, Coquihalla Canyon Provincial Park, Coquihalla River, Cougar, Coyote, Crater Lake, Crown colony, Crowsnest Highway, David Douglas (botanist), Deer, ..., Douglas fir, E. C. Manning Provincial Park, Elk, Expo 86, Fir, Foothills, Fort Nisqually, Fort Okanogan, Fort Vancouver, Fraser Canyon, Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, Fraser River, Geology of the Pacific Northwest, George Vancouver, Geothermal power, Glacier, Government Camp, Oregon, Gray wolf, Grizzly bear, Hood River, Oregon, Hope, British Columbia, Hudson's Bay Company, Hydroelectricity, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Irrigation, Joseph Baker (Royal Navy officer), Juan de Fuca Plate, Kettle Valley Railway, Klamath Falls, Oregon, Lahar, Lake Helen (Lassen Peak), Lake Shannon, Larix lyallii, Larix occidentalis, Lassen Peak, Lewis and Clark Expedition, List of Cascade Range topics, List of highest mountain peaks in Washington, List of mountain peaks of Oregon, List of mountain ranges in Washington, List of mountain ranges of Oregon, Lushootseed, Lytton Mountain, Manuel Quimper, Meadows, Medicine Lake Volcano, Megaproject, Methow River, Moose, Mount Adams (Washington), Mount Baker, Mount Carmel, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson (Oregon), Mount McLoughlin, Mount Rainier, Mount Shasta, Mount St. Helens, Mountain goat, Mountain range, Naches Pass, National Park Service, Nevada, Newberry Volcano, Nicola River, North America, North American Plate, North Cascades, North Cascades National Park, North West Company, Northern California, Oceanic crust, Okanogan River, Oregon, Oregon boundary dispute, Oregon Trail, Oregon Treaty, Orographic lift, Orthoclase, Pacific Cordillera (Canada), Pacific Northwest, Pacific Ocean, Peter Rainier, Pierce County, Washington, Pine, Pinophyta, Pinus ponderosa, Pliocene, Portland, Oregon, Potassium, Provincial park, Puget Sound, Rain shadow, Ring of Fire, Ross Dam, Royal Navy, Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, Similkameen River, Siskiyou Trail, Skagit Range, Skagit River, South America, Spruce, Stehekin River, Subduction, Terrain, Thomas Jefferson, Thompson Plateau, Thompson River, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana, United States Geological Survey, Volcanic rock, Volcano, Washington (state), Westerlies, Willamette Valley, William Robert Broughton, York Factory Express, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, 49th parallel north. Expand index (122 more) »

Abies lasiocarpa

Abies lasiocarpa, commonly called the subalpine fir or Rocky Mountain fir, is a western North American fir tree.

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Admiral

Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies, and in many navies is the highest rank.

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Alexander Ross (fur trader)

Alexander Ross (May 9, 1783 – October 23, 1856 b. Morayshire, Scotland) was a fur trader and author.

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Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens

Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens PC (1 March 1753 – 19 February 1839)Fitzherbert, Alleyne, Baron St Helens (1753–1839), diplomatist by Stephen M. Lee in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography was a British diplomat.

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Allison Pass

Allison Pass (el.) is a highway summit along the Crowsnest Highway in British Columbia, Canada.

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Alnus rubra

Alnus rubra, the red alder, is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana).

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Alpine tundra

Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude.

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American black bear

The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a medium-sized bear native to North America.

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American Cordillera

The American Cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, South America and Antarctica.

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Applegate Trail

The Applegate Trail was a wilderness trail through today's U.S. states of Idaho, Nevada, California, and Oregon, and was originally intended as a less dangerous route to the Oregon Territory.

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Arid

A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.

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Ashland, Oregon

Ashland is a city in Jackson County, in the State of Oregon.

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Baker Lake (Washington)

Baker Lake is a lake in northern Washington state in the United States.

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Baker River (Washington)

The Baker River is an approximately, southward-flowing tributary of the Skagit River in northwestern Washington in the United States.

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Barlow Road

The Barlow Road (at inception, Mount Hood Road) is a historic road in what is now the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Beaver

The beaver (genus Castor) is a large, primarily nocturnal, semiaquatic rodent.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Bobcat

The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a North American cat that appeared during the Irvingtonian stage of around 1.8 million years ago (AEO).

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Bonneville Dam

Bonneville Lock and Dam consists of several run-of-the-river dam structures that together complete a span of the Columbia River between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington at River Mile 146.1.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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British Columbia Highway 5

Highway 5 is a north-south route in southern British Columbia, Canada.

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Caldera

A caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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California Floristic Province

The California Floristic Province (CFP) is a floristic province with a Mediterranean-type climate located on the Pacific Coast of North America with a distinctive flora similar to other regions with a winter rainfall and summer drought climate like the Mediterranean Basin.

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California Trail

The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.

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Canada–United States border

The Canada–United States border, officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries.

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Canadian Pacific Railway

The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881.

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Cariboo Road

The Cariboo Road (also called the Cariboo Wagon Road, the Great North Road or the Queen's Highway) was a project initiated in 1860 by the Governor of the Colony of British Columbia, James Douglas.

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Cascade Pass

Cascade Pass (formerly also known as Skagit Pass) is a mountain pass over the northern Cascade Range, east of Marblemount, Washington, U.S. Although an important pass, providing the easiest connection from the Cascade River to the head of Lake Chelan, it is now inside North Cascades National Park, and crossed by only a hiking trail.

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Cascade Volcanoes

The Cascade Volcanoes (also known as the Cascade Volcanic Arc or the Cascade Arc) are a number of volcanoes in a volcanic arc in western North America, extending from southwestern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California, a distance of well over.

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Cascades Rapids

The Cascades Rapids (sometimes called Cascade Falls or Cascades of the Columbia) were an area of rapids along North America's Columbia River, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon.

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Cascadia (independence movement)

Cascadia is a bioregion and proposed country located within the western region of North America.

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Cascadia subduction zone

The Cascadia subduction zone (also referred to as the Cascadia fault) is a convergent plate boundary that stretches from northern Vancouver Island to Northern California.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Coast Mountains

The Coast Mountains are a major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia south to the Fraser River.

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Columbia Plateau

The Columbia Plateau or Columbia Basin is a geographic region located almost entirely in Eastern Washington and north-central Oregon—with the eastern edge spilling over into North Idaho The area is characterized by its mostly semi-arid climate (Bsk under the Köppen classification)—with some areas falling under the desert (BWk) and mediterranean (Csa and Csb) classifications—resulting in a shrub-steppe environment.

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Columbia River

The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

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Columbia River Basalt Group

The Columbia River Basalt Group is a large igneous province that lies across parts of the Western United States.

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Columbia River Gorge

The Columbia River Gorge is a canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

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Concrete, Washington

Concrete is a town in north-central Skagit County, Washington, United States.

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Contiguous United States

The contiguous United States or officially the conterminous United States consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states plus Washington, D.C. on the continent of North America.

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Coquihalla Canyon Provincial Park

Coquihalla Canyon Provincial Park, popularly called the Othello Tunnels is a provincial park located near Hope, British Columbia focused on the canyon of the Coquihalla River and a decommissioned railway grade, now a walking trail, leading eventually to Coquihalla Pass.

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Coquihalla River

The Coquihalla River (originally or more recently and popularly) is a tributary of the Fraser River in the Cascade Mountains of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

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Cougar

The cougar (Puma concolor), also commonly known as the mountain lion, puma, panther, or catamount, is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae native to the Americas.

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Coyote

The coyote (Canis latrans); from Nahuatl) is a canine native to North America. It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the American jackal by zoologists. The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico, and into Central America. The species is versatile, able to adapt to and expand into environments modified by humans. It is enlarging its range, with coyotes moving into urban areas in the Eastern U.S., and was sighted in eastern Panama (across the Panama Canal from their home range) for the first time in 2013., 19 coyote subspecies are recognized. The average male weighs and the average female. Their fur color is predominantly light gray and red or fulvous interspersed with black and white, though it varies somewhat with geography. It is highly flexible in social organization, living either in a family unit or in loosely knit packs of unrelated individuals. It has a varied diet consisting primarily of animal meat, including deer, rabbits, hares, rodents, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, though it may also eat fruits and vegetables on occasion. Its characteristic vocalization is a howl made by solitary individuals. Humans are the coyote's greatest threat, followed by cougars and gray wolves. In spite of this, coyotes sometimes mate with gray, eastern, or red wolves, producing "coywolf" hybrids. In the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, the eastern coyote (a larger subspecies, though still smaller than wolves) is the result of various historical and recent matings with various types of wolves. Genetic studies show that most North American wolves contain some level of coyote DNA. The coyote is a prominent character in Native American folklore, mainly in the Southwestern United States and Mexico, usually depicted as a trickster that alternately assumes the form of an actual coyote or a man. As with other trickster figures, the coyote uses deception and humor to rebel against social conventions. The animal was especially respected in Mesoamerican cosmology as a symbol of military might. After the European colonization of the Americas, it was reviled in Anglo-American culture as a cowardly and untrustworthy animal. Unlike wolves (gray, eastern, or red), which have undergone an improvement of their public image, attitudes towards the coyote remain largely negative.

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Crater Lake

Crater Lake (Klamath: giiwas) is a caldera lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States.

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Crown colony

Crown colony, dependent territory and royal colony are terms used to describe the administration of United Kingdom overseas territories that are controlled by the British Government.

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Crowsnest Highway

The Crowsnest Highway is an east-west highway in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada.

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David Douglas (botanist)

David Douglas (25 June 1799 – 12 July 1834) was a British botanist, best known as the namesake of the Douglas-fir.

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Deer

Deer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae.

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Douglas fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii, commonly known as Douglas fir, Douglas-fir and Oregon pine, is an evergreen conifer species native to western North America.

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E. C. Manning Provincial Park

E.C. Manning Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.

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Elk

The elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and Eastern Asia.

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Expo 86

The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication, or simply Expo 86, was a World's Fair held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from Friday, May 2 until Monday, October 13, 1986.

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Fir

Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae.

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Foothills

Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increase in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area.

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Fort Nisqually

Fort Nisqually was an important fur trading and farming post of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Puget Sound area, part of the Hudson's Bay Company's Columbia Department.

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Fort Okanogan

Fort Okanogan (also spelled Fort Okanagan) was founded in 1811 on the confluence of the Okanogan and Columbia Rivers as a fur trade outpost.

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Fort Vancouver

Fort Vancouver was a 19th-century fur trading post that was the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company's Columbia Department, located in the Pacific Northwest.

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Fraser Canyon

The Fraser Canyon is a major landform of the Fraser River where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the Coast Mountains en route from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia to the Fraser Valley.

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Fraser Canyon Gold Rush

The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, (also Fraser Gold Rush and Fraser River Gold Rush) began in 1857 after gold was discovered on the Thompson River in British Columbia at its confluence with the Nicoamen River a few miles upstream from the Thompson's confluence with the Fraser River at present-day Lytton.

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Fraser River

The Fraser River is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for, into the Strait of Georgia at the city of Vancouver.

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Geology of the Pacific Northwest

The geology of the Pacific Northwest includes the composition (including rock, minerals, and soils), structure, physical properties and the processes that shape the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada.

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George Vancouver

Captain George Vancouver (22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a British officer of the Royal Navy, best known for his 1791–95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.

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Geothermal power

Geothermal power is power generated by geothermal energy.

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Glacier

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.

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Government Camp, Oregon

Government Camp is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, south of Mount Hood and north of Tom Dick and Harry Mountain.

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Gray wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).

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Grizzly bear

The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos ssp.) is a large population of the brown bear inhabiting North America.

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Hood River, Oregon

The city of Hood River is the seat of Hood River County, Oregon, United States.

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Hope, British Columbia

Hope is a district municipality at the confluence of the Fraser and Coquihalla rivers in the province of British Columbia, Canada.

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Hudson's Bay Company

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group.

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Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Irrigation

Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

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Joseph Baker (Royal Navy officer)

Joseph Baker (1767–1817) was an officer in the Royal Navy, best known for his role in the mapping of the Pacific Northwest Coast of America during the Vancouver Expedition of 1791-1795.

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Juan de Fuca Plate

The Juan de Fuca Plate is a tectonic plate generated from the Juan de Fuca Ridge and is subducting under the northerly portion of the western side of the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.

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Kettle Valley Railway

The Kettle Valley Railway was a subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway that operated across southern British Columbia, west of Midway running to Rock Creek, then north to Myra Canyon, down to Penticton over to Princeton, Coalmont, Brookmere, Coquihalla and finally Hope where it connected to the main CPR line..

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Klamath Falls, Oregon

Klamath Falls (Klamath: ʔiWLaLLoonʔa) is a city in and the county seat of Klamath County, Oregon, United States.

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Lahar

A lahar (from wlahar) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.

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Lake Helen (Lassen Peak)

Lake Helen is a glacial lake or a tarn occupying a cirque at around 8,200 feet (2,500 m) in Lassen Volcanic National Park.

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Lake Shannon

Lake Shannon is a long, narrow reservoir on the Baker River in Skagit County, Washington in the United States.

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Larix lyallii

Larix lyallii, the subalpine larch, or simply alpine larch, is a deciduous, coniferous tree native to northwestern North America.

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Larix occidentalis

Larix occidentalis, the western larch, is a species of larch native to the mountains of western North America (Pacific Northwest); in Canada in southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta, and in the United States in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, northern Idaho, and western Montana.

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Lassen Peak

Lassen Peak, commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range of the Western United States.

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Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross the western portion of the United States.

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List of Cascade Range topics

This article contains a list of volcanoes and a list of protected areas associated with the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest of North America.

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List of highest mountain peaks in Washington

The following is a list of the highest mountains in the State of Washington.

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List of mountain peaks of Oregon

This article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaksThis article defines a significant summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence, and a major summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence.

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List of mountain ranges in Washington

There are at least 63 named mountain ranges in the United States of America state of Washington.

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List of mountain ranges of Oregon

There are at least 50 named mountain ranges in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Lushootseed

Lushootseed (also: xʷəlšucid, dxʷləšúcid, Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish or Skagit-Nisqually) is the language or dialect continuum of several Salish Native American tribes of modern-day Washington state.

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Lytton Mountain

Lytton Mountain, officially gazetted as Mount Lytton, 2049 m (6722 ft), prominence 764 m, is the northernmost summit of the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia, Canada (the range is known as the Cascade Range in the United States).

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Manuel Quimper

Manuel Quimper Benítez del Pino (c. 1757 – April 1844) was a Spanish Peruvian explorer, cartographer, naval officer, and colonial official.

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Meadows

Meadows is a medieval English surname.

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Medicine Lake Volcano

Medicine Lake Volcano is a large shield volcano in northeastern California about northeast of Mount Shasta.

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Megaproject

A megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project.

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Methow River

The Methow River is a tributary of the Columbia River in northern Washington in the United States.

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Moose

The moose (North America) or elk (Eurasia), Alces alces, is the largest extant species in the deer family.

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Mount Adams (Washington)

Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.

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Mount Baker

Mount Baker (Lummi: Qwú’mə Kwəlshéːn; Kw’eq Smaenit or Kwelshán), also known as Koma Kulshan or simply Kulshan, is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington in the United States.

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Mount Carmel

Mount Carmel (הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, Har HaKarmel ISO 259-3 Har ha Karmell (lit. God's vineyard); الكرمل, Al-Kurmul, or جبل مار إلياس, Jabal Mar Elyas (lit. Mount Saint Elias/Elijah) is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably the city of Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern slope. The name is presumed to be directly from the Hebrew language word Carmel (כַּרְמֶל), which means "fresh" (planted), or "vineyard" (planted).

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Mount Hood

Mount Hood, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc of northern Oregon.

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Mount Jefferson (Oregon)

Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Mount McLoughlin

Mount McLoughlin is a steep-sided stratovolcano, or composite volcano, in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon and within the Sky Lakes Wilderness.

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Mount Rainier

Mount Rainier (pronounced) is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, and the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Mount Shasta

Mount Shasta (Karuk: Úytaahkoo or "White Mountain") is a potentially active volcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California.

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Mount St. Helens

Mount St.

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Mountain goat

The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), also known as the Rocky Mountain goat, is a large hoofed mammal endemic to North America.

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Mountain range

A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and connected by high ground.

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Naches Pass

Naches Pass (elevation) is a mountain pass of the Cascade Range in the state of Washington.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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Nevada

Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.

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Newberry Volcano

Newberry Volcano (also known as Newberry Caldera) is a large active shield-shaped stratovolcano located east of the major crest of the Cascade Range and about south of Bend, Oregon, within the Newberry National Volcanic Monument.

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Nicola River

The Nicola River, originally French Rivière de Nicholas or Rivière de Nicolas, adapted to Nicolas River, Nicola's River in English, is one of the major tributaries of the Thompson River in the Canadian province of British Columbia, entering the latter at the town of Spences Bridge.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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North American Plate

The North American Plate is a tectonic plate covering most of North America, Greenland, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores.

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North Cascades

The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America.

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North Cascades National Park

North Cascades National Park is a United States national park located in the state of Washington.

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North West Company

The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821.

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Northern California

Northern California (colloquially known as NorCal or "The Northstate" for the northern interior counties north of Sacramento to the Oregon stateline) is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California.

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Oceanic crust

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate.

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Okanogan River

The Okanogan River (known as the Okanagan River in Canada) is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 115 mi (185 km) long, in southern British Columbia and north central Washington.

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Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.

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Oregon boundary dispute

The Oregon boundary dispute or the Oregon Question was a controversy over the political division of the Pacific Northwest of North America between several nations that had competing territorial and commercial aspirations over the region.

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Oregon Trail

The Oregon Trail is a historic East–West, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.

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Oregon Treaty

The Oregon Treaty is a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. Signed under the presidency of James K. Polk, the treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818.

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Orographic lift

Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.

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Orthoclase

Orthoclase, or orthoclase feldspar (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), is an important tectosilicate mineral which forms igneous rock.

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Pacific Cordillera (Canada)

The Pacific Cordillera (Canada) is a top-level physiographic region of Canada.

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Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.

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Peter Rainier

Peter Rainier (24 November 1741 – 7 April 1808) was a Royal Navy officer who served during the Seven Years' War, the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Pierce County, Washington

Tacoma—seat of Pierce County Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Pine

A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus,, of the family Pinaceae.

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Pinophyta

The Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae, or commonly as conifers, are a division of vascular land plants containing a single extant class, Pinopsida.

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Pinus ponderosa

Pinus ponderosa, commonly known as the ponderosa pine, bull pine, blackjack pine, or western yellow-pine, is a very large pine tree species of variable habitat native to the western United States and Canada.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.

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Portland, Oregon

Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Provincial park

Ischigualasto Provincial Park A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park.

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Puget Sound

Puget Sound is a sound along the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea.

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Rain shadow

A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind).

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Ring of Fire

The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

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Ross Dam

Ross Dam is a -high, -long concrete thin arch dam across the Skagit River, forming Ross Lake.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood

Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood (12 December 1724 – 27 January 1816) was a Royal Navy officer.

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Similkameen River

The Similkameen River runs through southern British Columbia, Canada, eventually discharging into the Okanagan River near Oroville, Washington, in the United States.

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Siskiyou Trail

The Siskiyou Trail stretched from California's Central Valley to Oregon's Willamette Valley; modern-day Interstate 5 follows this pioneer path.

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Skagit Range

The Skagit Range is a subrange of the Cascade Range in southwestern British Columbia, Canada and northwestern Washington, United States, which are known in Canada as the Canadian Cascades or, officially, the Cascade Mountains.

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Skagit River

The Skagit River is a river in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and northwestern Washington in the United States, approximately 150 mi (240 km) long.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Spruce

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.

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Stehekin River

The Stehekin River is a river located in Washington state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

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Subduction

Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.

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Terrain

Terrain or relief (also topographical relief) involves the vertical and horizontal dimensions of land surface.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Thompson Plateau

The Thompson Plateau, also known as the Okanagan-Thompson Plateau, forms the southern portion of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada, lying to the west of Okanagan Lake, south of the Thompson River and to the east of (although never adjoining it) the Fraser River.

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Thompson River

The Thompson River is the largest tributary of the Fraser River, flowing through the south-central portion of British Columbia, Canada.

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Thuja plicata

Thuja plicata, commonly called western or Pacific redcedar, giant or western arborvitae, giant cedar, or shinglewood, is a species of Thuja, an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae native to western North America.

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Tsuga heterophylla

Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California.

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Tsuga mertensiana

Tsuga mertensiana, known as mountain hemlock, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Tulare County, California.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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Volcanic rock

Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Washington (state)

Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

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Willamette Valley

The Willamette Valley is a long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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William Robert Broughton

William Robert Broughton (22 March 176214 March 1821) was a British naval officer in the late 18th century.

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York Factory Express

The York Factory Express, usually called "the Express" and also the Columbia Express and the Communication, was a 19th-century fur brigade operated by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC).

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1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

On May 18, 1980, a major volcanic eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens, a volcano located in Skamania County, in the State of Washington.

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49th parallel north

The 49th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 49° north of Earth's equator.

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Redirects here:

California Cascade Range, Cascade (mountains), Cascade Mountain Range, Cascade Mountains, Cascade loop, Cascade mountains, Cascade range, Cascades Mountains, Cascades Range, High Cascades, Shasta Valley Mountains, Shasta valley mountains.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Range

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