Table of Contents
279 relations: A Latin Dictionary, Abiogenesis, Actin, Actinomycetales, Adenosine triphosphate, Algae, Amino acid, Amoeba, Amoeba (genus), Amphiphile, Anabolism, Animal, Antenna (biology), Antigen, Antimicrobial resistance, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Archaea, Bacillus anthracis, Bacteria, Bacterial capsule, Bacterial conjugation, Benjamin Cummings, Biological membrane, Biological process, Biomolecule, Blood cell, Borrelia, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brown algae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Carbon dioxide, Carotenoid, Catabolism, Cell adhesion, Cell cortex, Cell culture, Cell cycle, Cell division, Cell envelope, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Cell polarity, Cell potency, Cell signaling, Cell theory, Cell type, Cell wall, Cellular compartment, Cellular component, Cellular differentiation, ... Expand index (229 more) »
- 1665 in science
A Latin Dictionary
A Latin Dictionary (or Harpers' Latin Dictionary, often referred to as Lewis and Short or L&S) is a popular English-language lexicographical work of the Latin language, published by Harper and Brothers of New York in 1879 and printed simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Oxford University Press.
See Cell (biology) and A Latin Dictionary
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
See Cell (biology) and Abiogenesis
Actin
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils.
Actinomycetales
The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota.
See Cell (biology) and Actinomycetales
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Cell (biology) and Adenosine triphosphate
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
See Cell (biology) and Amino acid
Amoeba
An amoeba (less commonly spelled ameba or amœba;: amoebas (less commonly, amebas) or amoebae (amebae)), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods. Cell (biology) and amoeba are cell biology.
Amoeba (genus)
Amoeba is a genus of single-celled amoeboids in the family Amoebidae.
See Cell (biology) and Amoeba (genus)
Amphiphile
An amphiphile (from the Greek αμφις amphis, both, and φιλíα philia, love, friendship), or amphipath, is a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and lipophilic (fat-loving) properties.
See Cell (biology) and Amphiphile
Anabolism
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units.
See Cell (biology) and Anabolism
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.
Antenna (biology)
Antennae (antenna), sometimes referred to as "feelers", are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods.
See Cell (biology) and Antenna (biology)
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor.
See Cell (biology) and Antigen
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).
See Cell (biology) and Antimicrobial resistance
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.
See Cell (biology) and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Archaea
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans.
See Cell (biology) and Bacillus anthracis
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Cell (biology) and Bacteria
Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria.
See Cell (biology) and Bacterial capsule
Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.
See Cell (biology) and Bacterial conjugation
Benjamin Cummings
Benjamin Cummings is a publishing imprint of Pearson Education that specializes in science.
See Cell (biology) and Benjamin Cummings
Biological membrane
A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another.
See Cell (biology) and Biological membrane
Biological process
Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment.
See Cell (biology) and Biological process
Biomolecule
A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes.
See Cell (biology) and Biomolecule
Blood cell
A blood cell (also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte) is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood.
See Cell (biology) and Blood cell
Borrelia
Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum.
See Cell (biology) and Borrelia
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans.
See Cell (biology) and Borrelia burgdorferi
Brown algae
Brown algae (alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae.
See Cell (biology) and Brown algae
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments.
See Cell (biology) and Caenorhabditis elegans
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Cell (biology) and Carbon dioxide
Carotenoid
Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi.
See Cell (biology) and Carotenoid
Catabolism
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
See Cell (biology) and Catabolism
Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. Cell (biology) and cell adhesion are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell adhesion
Cell cortex
The cell cortex, also known as the actin cortex, cortical cytoskeleton or actomyosin cortex, is a specialized layer of cytoplasmic proteins on the inner face of the cell membrane. Cell (biology) and cell cortex are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell cortex
Cell culture
Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. Cell (biology) and cell culture are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell culture
Cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells.
See Cell (biology) and Cell cycle
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Cell (biology) and Cell division
Cell envelope
The cell envelope comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium.
See Cell (biology) and Cell envelope
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space). Cell (biology) and cell membrane are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Cell membrane
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cell (biology) and cell nucleus are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Cell nucleus
Cell polarity
Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Cell (biology) and cell polarity are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell polarity
Cell potency
Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. Cell (biology) and cell potency are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell potency
Cell signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell (biology) and cell signaling are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell signaling
Cell theory
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cell (biology) and cell theory are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cell theory
Cell type
A cell type is a classification used to identify cells that share morphological or phenotypical features.
See Cell (biology) and Cell type
Cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane.
See Cell (biology) and Cell wall
Cellular compartment
Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. Cell (biology) and Cellular compartment are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Cellular compartment
Cellular component
Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed.
See Cell (biology) and Cellular component
Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.
See Cell (biology) and Cellular differentiation
Cellular model
A cellular model is a mathematical model of aspects of a biological cell, for the purposes of in silico research.
See Cell (biology) and Cellular model
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy.
See Cell (biology) and Cellular respiration
Cellularization
In evolutionary biology, the term cellularization (cellularisation) has been used in theories to explain the evolution of cells, for instance in the pre-cell theory, dealing with the evolution of the first cells on this planet, and in the syncytial theory attempting to explain the origin of Metazoa from unicellular organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Cellularization
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
See Cell (biology) and Cellulose
Centriole
In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin.
See Cell (biology) and Centriole
Centrosome
In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression.
See Cell (biology) and Centrosome
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus.
See Cell (biology) and Chemotaxis
Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n is a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
See Cell (biology) and Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
See Cell (biology) and Chloroplast
Christian monasticism
Christian monasticism is a religious way of life of Christians who live ascetic and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to Christian worship.
See Cell (biology) and Christian monasticism
Chromoplast
Chromoplasts are plastids, heterogeneous organelles responsible for pigment synthesis and storage in specific photosynthetic eukaryotes.
See Cell (biology) and Chromoplast
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
See Cell (biology) and Chromosome
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.
Circular chromosome
A circular chromosome is a chromosome in bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in the form of a molecule of circular DNA, unlike the linear chromosome of most eukaryotes. Cell (biology) and circular chromosome are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Circular chromosome
Colony (biology)
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.
See Cell (biology) and Colony (biology)
Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
See Cell (biology) and Conifer
Cork (material)
Cork is an impermeable buoyant material.
See Cell (biology) and Cork (material)
Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor.
See Cell (biology) and Crown group
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
See Cell (biology) and Cyanobacteria
Cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the part of the cell division process and part of mitosis during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Cell (biology) and Cytokinesis
Cytolysis
Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when the liquid outside a cell enters the cell causing it to burst. Cell (biology) and Cytolysis are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cytolysis
Cytoneme
Cytonemes are thin, cellular projections that are specialized for exchange of signaling proteins between cells. Cell (biology) and Cytoneme are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Cytoneme
Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. Cell (biology) and cytoplasm are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Cytoplasm
Cytorrhysis
Cytorrhysis is the permanent and irreparable damage to the cell wall after the complete collapse of a plant cell due to the loss of internal positive pressure (hydraulic turgor pressure).
See Cell (biology) and Cytorrhysis
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. Cell (biology) and cytoskeleton are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Cytoskeleton
Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)). Cell (biology) and cytosol are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Cytosol
Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.
See Cell (biology) and Cytotoxicity
Desmin
Desmin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DES gene.
Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes take part in the chemical process of digestion, which follows the mechanical process of digestion.
See Cell (biology) and Digestive enzyme
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG.
See Cell (biology) and DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA mismatch repair
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, as well as repairing some forms of DNA damage.
See Cell (biology) and DNA mismatch repair
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
See Cell (biology) and DNA repair
DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
See Cell (biology) and DNA replication
Domain (biology)
In biological taxonomy, a domain (Latin: regio), also dominion, superkingdom, realm, or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of all organisms taken together.
See Cell (biology) and Domain (biology)
Edmund Beecher Wilson
Edmund Beecher Wilson (October 19, 1856 – March 3, 1939) was a pioneering American zoologist and geneticist.
See Cell (biology) and Edmund Beecher Wilson
Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. Cell (biology) and Endocytosis are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Endocytosis
Endomembrane system
The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes (endomembranes) that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. Cell (biology) and endomembrane system are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Endomembrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Cell (biology) and Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
EPUB
EPUB is an e-book file format that uses the ".epub" file extension.
Ernst Ruska
Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (25 December 1906 – 27 May 1988) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope.
See Cell (biology) and Ernst Ruska
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Cell (biology) and Escherichia coli
Euglenid
Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of flagellates.
See Cell (biology) and Euglenid
Eukaryogenesis
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Eukaryogenesis
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
See Cell (biology) and Eukaryote
Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S)
Ribosomal particles are denoted according to their sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units.
See Cell (biology) and Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S)
Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic 80S ribosomes, with the other major component being the large ribosomal subunit (60S).
See Cell (biology) and Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
Evolutionary pressure
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection.
See Cell (biology) and Evolutionary pressure
Experimental evolution
Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics.
See Cell (biology) and Experimental evolution
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA (abbreviated ecDNA) is any DNA that is found off the chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell.
See Cell (biology) and Extrachromosomal DNA
Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.
See Cell (biology) and Fertilisation
Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.
See Cell (biology) and Fibroblast
Filopodia
Filopodia (filopodium) are slender cytoplasmic projections that extend beyond the leading edge of lamellipodia in migrating cells. Cell (biology) and Filopodia are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Filopodia
Fission (biology)
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.
See Cell (biology) and Fission (biology)
Flagellin
Flagellins are a family of proteins present in flagellated bacteria which arrange themselves in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in a bacterial flagellum.
See Cell (biology) and Flagellin
Flagellum
A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.
See Cell (biology) and Flagellum
Flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms.
See Cell (biology) and Flowering plant
Francevillian biota
The Francevillian biota (Also referred to as Gabon macrofossils, Gabonionta or Francevillian group fossils) are a collection of 2.1-billion-year-old Palaeoproterozoic macroscopic structures, controversially suggested to be fossils, known from the Francevillian B Formation in Gabon, a black shale province notable for its lack of any noticeable metamorphism.
See Cell (biology) and Francevillian biota
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
Gabon
Gabon (Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (République gabonaise), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west.
Gamete
A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Cell (biology) and Gene expression
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins.
See Cell (biology) and Genetic code
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Genetics
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
Genotype
The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material.
See Cell (biology) and Genotype
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
See Cell (biology) and Glucose
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
See Cell (biology) and Golgi apparatus
Grypania
Grypania is an early, tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon.
See Cell (biology) and Grypania
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells.
See Cell (biology) and Hemoglobin
Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
See Cell (biology) and Heterotroph
Histone
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla.
See Cell (biology) and Histone
Homologous chromosome
A pair of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, is a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.
See Cell (biology) and Homologous chromosome
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).
See Cell (biology) and Homologous recombination
Honeycomb
A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic cells built from beeswax by honey bees in their nests to contain their brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae) and stores of honey and pollen.
See Cell (biology) and Honeycomb
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
See Cell (biology) and Hormone
Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being.
See Cell (biology) and Human body
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.
See Cell (biology) and Humboldt University of Berlin
Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid (abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.
See Cell (biology) and Hyaluronic acid
Hydrolase
In biochemistry, hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes that commonly function as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond: This typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules.
See Cell (biology) and Hydrolase
Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
See Cell (biology) and Hydrophile
Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).
See Cell (biology) and Hydrophobe
Hydrothermal vent
Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges.
See Cell (biology) and Hydrothermal vent
Intermediate filament
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates.
See Cell (biology) and Intermediate filament
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
Journal of Theoretical Biology
The Journal of Theoretical Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical biology, as well as mathematical, computational, and statistical aspects of biology.
See Cell (biology) and Journal of Theoretical Biology
Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.
See Cell (biology) and Keratin
Lamellipodium
The lamellipodium (lamellipodia) (from Latin lamella, related to lamina, "thin sheet", and the Greek radical pod-, "foot") is a cytoskeletal protein actin projection on the leading edge of the cell.
See Cell (biology) and Lamellipodium
Lamin
Lamins, also known as nuclear lamins are fibrous proteins in type V intermediate filaments, providing structural function and transcriptional regulation in the cell nucleus.
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.
Leucoplast
Leucoplasts ("formed, molded") are a category of plastid and as such are organelles found in plant cells.
See Cell (biology) and Leucoplast
Life
Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not.
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
Lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.
See Cell (biology) and Lipid bilayer
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol and protein receptors organised in glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains termed lipid rafts.
See Cell (biology) and Lipid raft
List of human cell types
The list of human cell types provides an enumeration and description of the various specialized cells found within the human body, highlighting their distinct functions, characteristics, and contributions to overall physiological processes.
See Cell (biology) and List of human cell types
Lynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary biologist, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution.
See Cell (biology) and Lynn Margulis
Lysosome
A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. Cell (biology) and lysosome are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Lysosome
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.
See Cell (biology) and Macromolecule
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Matthias Jakob Schleiden (5 April 1804 – 23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow.
See Cell (biology) and Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Mechanosensation
Mechanosensation is the transduction of mechanical stimuli into neural signals.
See Cell (biology) and Mechanosensation
Meiosis
Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).
See Cell (biology) and Meiosis
Membrane
A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others.
See Cell (biology) and Membrane
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
See Cell (biology) and Membrane potential
Messenger RNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
See Cell (biology) and Messenger RNA
Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor.
See Cell (biology) and Metastasis
Methanosarcina
Methanosarcina is a genus of euryarchaeote archaea that produce methane.
See Cell (biology) and Methanosarcina
Methyl blue
Methyl blue is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C37H27N3Na2O9S3.
See Cell (biology) and Methyl blue
Microfilament
Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton. Cell (biology) and Microfilament are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Microfilament
Micrographia
Micrographia: or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses. Cell (biology) and Micrographia are 1665 in science.
See Cell (biology) and Micrographia
Micrometre
The micrometre (Commonwealth English) as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
See Cell (biology) and Micrometre
Microscope
A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
See Cell (biology) and Microscope
Microtubule
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Cell (biology) and Microtubule are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Microtubule
Miller–Urey experiment
The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) was an experiment in chemical synthesis carried out in 1952 that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present in the atmosphere of the early, prebiotic Earth.
See Cell (biology) and Miller–Urey experiment
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Cell (biology) and Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
See Cell (biology) and Mitochondrion
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
See Cell (biology) and Mitosis
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
See Cell (biology) and Molecule
Monastic cell
A cell is a small room used by a hermit, monk, nun or anchorite to live and as a devotional space.
See Cell (biology) and Monastic cell
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
See Cell (biology) and Monosaccharide
Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.
See Cell (biology) and Motility
Multicellular organism
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Multicellular organism
Muscle cell
A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal.
See Cell (biology) and Muscle cell
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
See Cell (biology) and Mutation
Mycetozoa
Mycetozoa is a polyphyletic grouping of slime molds.
See Cell (biology) and Mycetozoa
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class Mollicutes, lack a cell wall, and its peptidoglycan, around their cell membrane.
See Cell (biology) and Mycoplasma
Myxobacteria
The myxobacteria ("slime bacteria") are a group of bacteria that predominantly live in the soil and feed on insoluble organic substances.
See Cell (biology) and Myxobacteria
National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
See Cell (biology) and National Center for Biotechnology Information
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH, is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research.
See Cell (biology) and National Institutes of Health
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Cell (biology) and Nature (journal)
NEFM
Neurofilament medium polypeptide (NF-M) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEFM gene.
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as the meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis.
See Cell (biology) and Neisseria meningitidis
Neurofilament
Neurofilaments (NF) are classed as type IV intermediate filaments found in the cytoplasm of neurons.
See Cell (biology) and Neurofilament
Neurofilament light polypeptide
Neurofilament light polypeptide, also known as neurofilament light chain, abbreviated to NF-L or Nfl and with the HGNC name NEFL is a member of the intermediate filament protein family.
See Cell (biology) and Neurofilament light polypeptide
Neuron
A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.
Non-homologous end joining
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA.
See Cell (biology) and Non-homologous end joining
NPR
National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material.
See Cell (biology) and Nuclear envelope
Nucleoid
The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material.
See Cell (biology) and Nucleoid
Nucleolus
The nucleolus (nucleoli) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
See Cell (biology) and Nucleolus
Nucleotide excision repair
Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism.
See Cell (biology) and Nucleotide excision repair
Onion
An onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.
Ontogeny
Ontogeny (also ontogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism (both physical and psychological, e.g., moral development), usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to adult.
See Cell (biology) and Ontogeny
Optical microscope
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects.
See Cell (biology) and Optical microscope
Organ (biology)
In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
See Cell (biology) and Organ (biology)
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. Cell (biology) and organelle are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Organelle
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
See Cell (biology) and Organism
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. Cell (biology) and Osmotic pressure are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Osmotic pressure
Outline of cell biology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death. Cell (biology) and outline of cell biology are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Outline of cell biology
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK, US) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Cell (biology) and Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Paleoproterozoic
The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from (2.5–1.6 Ga).
See Cell (biology) and Paleoproterozoic
Parakaryon
Parakaryon myojinensis, also known as the Myojin parakaryote, is a highly unusual species of single-celled organism known only from a single specimen, described in 2012.
See Cell (biology) and Parakaryon
Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
See Cell (biology) and Peptide
Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
See Cell (biology) and Peptidoglycan
Peroxide
In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure, where the R's represent a radical (a portion of a complete molecule; not necessarily a free radical) and O's are single oxygen atoms.
See Cell (biology) and Peroxide
Peroxisome
A peroxisome is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.
See Cell (biology) and Peroxisome
Photolyase
Photolyases are DNA repair enzymes that repair damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.
See Cell (biology) and Photolyase
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Cell (biology) and Photosynthesis
Pilin
Pilin refers to a class of fibrous proteins that are found in pilus structures in bacteria.
Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair';: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Plant cell
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
See Cell (biology) and Plant cell
Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
See Cell (biology) and Plasmid
Plasmolysis
Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution.
See Cell (biology) and Plasmolysis
Plastid
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Plastid
Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.
See Cell (biology) and Polysaccharide
Porosome
440px 280px Porosomes are cup-shaped supramolecular structures in the cell membranes of eukaryotic cells where secretory vesicles transiently dock in the process of vesicle fusion and secretion. Cell (biology) and Porosome are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Porosome
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
See Cell (biology) and Prokaryote
Prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit
50S is the larger subunit of the 70S ribosome of prokaryotes, i.e. bacteria and archaea.
See Cell (biology) and Prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit
Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit
The prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit, or 30S subunit, is the smaller subunit of the 70S ribosome found in prokaryotes.
See Cell (biology) and Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
See Cell (biology) and Protein
Protein biosynthesis
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.
See Cell (biology) and Protein biosynthesis
Protist
A protist or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus.
See Cell (biology) and Protist
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
See Cell (biology) and Protozoa
Queen Mary University of London
Queen Mary University of London (QMUL, or informally QM, and formerly Queen Mary and Westfield College) is a public research university in Mile End, East London, England.
See Cell (biology) and Queen Mary University of London
Red algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
See Cell (biology) and Red algae
Red blood cell
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
See Cell (biology) and Red blood cell
Reducing agent
In chemistry, a reducing agent (also known as a reductant, reducer, or electron donor) is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an (called the,,, or). Examples of substances that are common reducing agents include hydrogen, the alkali metals, formic acid, oxalic acid, and sulfite compounds.
See Cell (biology) and Reducing agent
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
See Cell (biology) and Regulation of gene expression
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation). Cell (biology) and Ribosome are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Ribosome
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).
RNA world
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins.
See Cell (biology) and RNA world
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke (18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect.
See Cell (biology) and Robert Hooke
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (also; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician.
See Cell (biology) and Rudolf Virchow
Self-replication
Self-replication is any behavior of a dynamical system that yields construction of an identical or similar copy of itself.
See Cell (biology) and Self-replication
Sex chromosome
Sex chromosomes (also referred to as allosomes, heterotypical chromosome, gonosomes, heterochromosomes, or idiochromosomes) are chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual.
See Cell (biology) and Sex chromosome
Skin
Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.
Slime mold
Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to a polyphyletic assemblage of unrelated eukaryotic organisms in the Stramenopiles, Rhizaria, Discoba, Amoebozoa and Holomycota clades.
See Cell (biology) and Slime mold
Spindle apparatus
In cell biology, the spindle apparatus is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. Cell (biology) and spindle apparatus are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Spindle apparatus
Spirochaete
A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes), which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.
See Cell (biology) and Spirochaete
Stem cell
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. Cell (biology) and stem cell are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Stem cell
Streptococcus
Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota.
See Cell (biology) and Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus.
See Cell (biology) and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
See Cell (biology) and Symbiogenesis
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
See Cell (biology) and Symbiosis
Syncytium
A syncytium (syncytia; from Greek: σύν syn "together" and κύτος kytos "box, i.e. cell") or symplasm is a multinucleate cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells (i.e., cells with a single nucleus), in contrast to a coenocyte, which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without accompanying cytokinesis. Cell (biology) and syncytium are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Syncytium
Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann (7 December 181011 January 1882) was a German physician and physiologist.
See Cell (biology) and Theodor Schwann
Thermoception
In physiology, thermoception or thermoreception is the sensation and perception of temperature, or more accurately, temperature differences inferred from heat flux.
See Cell (biology) and Thermoception
Thermoplasma
In taxonomy, Thermoplasma is a genus of the Thermoplasmataceae.
See Cell (biology) and Thermoplasma
Three-domain system
The three-domain system is a taxonomic classification system that groups all cellular life into three domains, namely Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, introduced by Carl Woese, Otto Kandler and Mark Wheelis in 1990.
See Cell (biology) and Three-domain system
Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
The timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.
See Cell (biology) and Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.
See Cell (biology) and Tissue (biology)
Tonicity
In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Cell (biology) and tonicity are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Tonicity
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
See Cell (biology) and Transcription (biology)
Transfection
Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells.
See Cell (biology) and Transfection
Transfer RNA
Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes), that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
See Cell (biology) and Transfer RNA
Translation (biology)
In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates.
See Cell (biology) and Translation (biology)
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image.
See Cell (biology) and Transmission electron microscopy
Tubulin
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.
See Cell (biology) and Tubulin
Tunneling nanotube
A tunneling nanotube (TNT) or membrane nanotube is a term that has been applied to cytoskeletal protrusions that extend from the plasma membrane which enable different animal cells to connect over long distances, sometimes over 100 μm between certain types of cells. Cell (biology) and tunneling nanotube are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Tunneling nanotube
Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.
See Cell (biology) and Unicellular organism
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona (Arizona, U of A, UArizona, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Tucson, Arizona.
See Cell (biology) and University of Arizona
Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Cell (biology) and vacuole are cell anatomy.
See Cell (biology) and Vacuole
Vault (organelle)
The vault or vault cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein is a eukaryotic organelle whose function is not yet fully understood.
See Cell (biology) and Vault (organelle)
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
See Cell (biology) and Vegetative reproduction
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
See Cell (biology) and Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Vimentin
Vimentin is a structural protein that in humans is encoded by the VIM gene. Cell (biology) and Vimentin are cell biology.
See Cell (biology) and Vimentin
Viridiplantae
Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") constitute a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprises approximately 450,000–500,000 species that play important roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
See Cell (biology) and Viridiplantae
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
Vorticella
Vorticella is a genus of bell-shaped ciliates that have stalks to attach themselves to substrates.
See Cell (biology) and Vorticella
Wheelwright
A wheelwright is a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.
See Cell (biology) and Wheelwright
Zygote
A zygote is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
See also
1665 in science
- 1665 in paleontology
- 1665 in science
- Arithmologia
- Cell (biology)
- List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1665
- Micrographia
- Mundus Subterraneus
References
Also known as Animal cell, Animal cells, Biologic cell, Biological cell, Biological cells, Biology cell, Cell (anatomy), Cell (biological), Cell (boilogy), Cell Formation, Cell components, Cell parts, Cells (biology), Cellular life, Cellular material, Cellular process, Cellular processes, Cyto, Cytota, First cell, Living cell, Living cells, Parts of a cell, Parts of cell, Plant & Animal Cells, Study of the cell, Sub-cellular, Sub-cellular compartment, Sub-cellular component, Sub-cellular components, Subcellular, Subcellular compartment, Subcellular component, Subcellular components.
, Cellular model, Cellular respiration, Cellularization, Cellulose, Centriole, Centrosome, Chemotaxis, Chitin, Chlorophyll, Chloroplast, Christian monasticism, Chromoplast, Chromosome, Cilium, Circular chromosome, Colony (biology), Conifer, Cork (material), Crown group, Cyanobacteria, Cyst, Cytokinesis, Cytolysis, Cytoneme, Cytoplasm, Cytorrhysis, Cytoskeleton, Cytosol, Cytotoxicity, Desmin, Digestive enzyme, DNA, DNA damage (naturally occurring), DNA mismatch repair, DNA repair, DNA replication, Domain (biology), Edmund Beecher Wilson, Endocytosis, Endomembrane system, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme, EPUB, Ernst Ruska, Escherichia coli, Euglenid, Eukaryogenesis, Eukaryote, Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S), Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S), Evolutionary pressure, Experimental evolution, Extrachromosomal DNA, Fertilisation, Fibroblast, Filopodia, Fission (biology), Flagellin, Flagellum, Flowering plant, Francevillian biota, Fungus, Gabon, Gamete, Gene, Gene expression, Genetic code, Genetics, Genome, Genotype, Glucose, Golgi apparatus, Grypania, Hemoglobin, Heterotroph, Histone, Homologous chromosome, Homologous recombination, Honeycomb, Hormone, Human body, Humboldt University of Berlin, Hyaluronic acid, Hydrolase, Hydrophile, Hydrophobe, Hydrothermal vent, Intermediate filament, Ion, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Keratin, Lamellipodium, Lamin, Latin, Lens, Leucoplast, Life, Lipid, Lipid bilayer, Lipid raft, List of human cell types, Lynn Margulis, Lysosome, Macromolecule, Matthias Jakob Schleiden, Mechanosensation, Meiosis, Membrane, Membrane potential, Messenger RNA, Metastasis, Methanosarcina, Methyl blue, Microfilament, Micrographia, Micrometre, Microscope, Microtubule, Miller–Urey experiment, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrion, Mitosis, Molecule, Monastic cell, Monosaccharide, Motility, Multicellular organism, Muscle cell, Mutation, Mycetozoa, Mycoplasma, Myxobacteria, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Nature (journal), NEFM, Neisseria meningitidis, Neurofilament, Neurofilament light polypeptide, Neuron, Non-homologous end joining, NPR, Nuclear envelope, Nucleoid, Nucleolus, Nucleotide excision repair, Onion, Ontogeny, Optical microscope, Organ (biology), Organelle, Organism, Osmotic pressure, Outline of cell biology, Oxidative phosphorylation, Oxygen, Paleoproterozoic, Parakaryon, Peptide, Peptidoglycan, Peroxide, Peroxisome, Photolyase, Photosynthesis, Pilin, Pilus, Plant, Plant cell, Plasmid, Plasmolysis, Plastid, Ploidy, Polysaccharide, Porosome, Prokaryote, Prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit, Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Protist, Protozoa, Queen Mary University of London, Red algae, Red blood cell, Reducing agent, Regulation of gene expression, Ribosome, RNA, RNA world, Robert Hooke, Rudolf Virchow, Self-replication, Sex chromosome, Skin, Slime mold, Spindle apparatus, Spirochaete, Stem cell, Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Symbiogenesis, Symbiosis, Syncytium, Theodor Schwann, Thermoception, Thermoplasma, Three-domain system, Timeline of the evolutionary history of life, Tissue (biology), Tonicity, Transcription (biology), Transfection, Transfer RNA, Translation (biology), Transmission electron microscopy, Tubulin, Tunneling nanotube, Unicellular organism, University of Arizona, Vacuole, Vault (organelle), Vegetative reproduction, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Vimentin, Viridiplantae, Virus, Vorticella, Wheelwright, Zygote.