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289 relations: Aénor de Châtellerault, Abruzzo, Acre, Israel, Adam de la Halle, Adela of Champagne, Adelaide of Maurienne, Agrigento, Aigues-Mortes, Aix-en-Provence, Ajaccio, Alba, Piedmont, Albania, Alfonso VII of León and Castile, Alfonso VIII of Castile, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, Amalfi, Apennine Mountains, Appanage, Aragonese Crusade, Arles, Asti, Augusta, Sicily, Aversa, Avignon, Bailiff (France), Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut, Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, Balian of Arsuf, Barral of Baux, Bartholomaeus of Neocastro, Basilicata, Battle of Benevento, Battle of Tagliacozzo, Battle of the Gulf of Naples, Beatrice of Provence, Beatrice of Savoy, Beatrice of Sicily, Latin Empress, Benevento, Berengaria of Barcelona, Bertran d'Alamanon, Bezant, Biandrate, Blanca of Navarre, Queen of Castile, Blanche of Castile, Bonifaci VI de Castellana, Bordeaux, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Born in the purple, Borsh Castle, ..., Brindisi, Buthrotum, Byzantine Empire, Cairo, Calabria, Canonization, Capetian dynasty, Capetian House of Anjou, Capitano del popolo, Capua, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Castel Nuovo, Catholic Church, Catona, Charlemagne, Charles II of Naples, Charles Martel of Anjou, Charles, Count of Valois, Cherasco, Church of the Holy Spirit, Palermo, Clemence of Austria, Col de Tende, Collo, Conrad IV of Germany, Conrad of Antioch, Conradin, Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon, Corfu, Counts and dukes of Anjou, Counts and dukes of Maine, County of Forcalquier, County of La Marche, County of Tonnerre, Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques, Cuneo, Damietta, Dowry, Duchy of Athens, Durrës, Dysentery, Eastern Orthodox Church, Edmund Crouchback, Edward I of England, Egypt in the Middle Ages, Eighth Crusade, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile, Eleanor of Provence, Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary, Empress Matilda, Excommunication (Catholic Church), Filioque, Florence, Foggia, Forlì, Frederick I, Margrave of 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Ladislaus IV of Hungary, Lateran Palace, Latin Emperor, List of counts of Albon and dauphins of Viennois, List of monarchs of Sardinia, List of monarchs of Sicily, List of rulers of Provence, List of Serbian monarchs, Livre tournois, Longobucco, Louis IX of France, Louis VI of France, Louis VII of France, Louis VIII of France, Luca Savelli, Lucca, Lucera, Luchetto Gattilusio, Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Manfred, King of Sicily, Margaret I, Countess of Flanders, Margaret II, Countess of Flanders, Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Sicily, Margaret of Hungary (saint), Margaret of Provence, Maria of Antioch (pretender), Marquisate of Ceva, Marquisate of Saluzzo, Marseille, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, Matilda of Carinthia, Matthew Paris, Medieval commune, Melun, Messina, Michael Tarchaneiotes, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Mondovì, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Muslim settlement of Lucera, Naples, Naples Cathedral, Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, Nisida, Odo, Count of 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Archdiocese of Arles, Roman Catholic Diocese of Digne, Royal Palace of Naples, Rudolf I of Germany, Sancho III of Castile, Savigliano, Sciacca, Second Council of Lyon, Seventh Crusade, Sibylla of Anjou, Sicilian Vespers, Sicily, Siege of Berat (1280–1281), Stefan Uroš I, Steven Runciman, Subventio generalis, Summus Senator, The Jewish Mind, Theobald II, Count of Champagne, Thierry, Count of Flanders, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas I, Marquess of Saluzzo, Thomas Tuscus, Torre Astura, Trapani, Treaty of Viterbo, Trial by combat, Troyes, Tuscany, Typhoid fever, University of Naples Federico II, Usufruct, Ventimiglia, Vercelli, Viterbo, War of the Flemish Succession, William of Villehardouin, William VII, Marquess of Montferrat, William X, Duke of Aquitaine. 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Aénor de Châtellerault
Aénor of Châtellerault (also known as Aénor de Rochefoucauld) Duchess of Aquitaine (born c. 1103 in Châtellerault, died March 1130 in Talmont) was the mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who arguably became the most powerful woman in Europe of her generation.
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Abruzzo
Abruzzo (Aquiliano: Abbrùzzu) is a region of Southern Italy, with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.2 million.
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Acre, Israel
Acre (or, עַכּוֹ, ʻAko, most commonly spelled as Akko; عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the coastal plain region of Israel's Northern District at the extremity of Haifa Bay.
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Adam de la Halle
Adam de la Halle, also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback) (1245–50 – 1285–88?, or after 1306) was a French-born trouvère, poet and musician.
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Adela of Champagne
Adela of Champagne (Adèle; c. 1140 – 4 June 1206), also known as Adelaide and Alix, was Queen of France as the third wife of Louis VII.
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Adelaide of Maurienne
Adelaide of Savoy (or Adelaide of Maurienne) (Adelaide di Savoia or Adelasia di Moriana, Adélaïde or Adèle de Maurienne) (1092 – 18 November 1154) was the second spouse but first Queen consort of Louis VI of France.
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Agrigento
Agrigento (Sicilian: Girgenti or Giurgenti) is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy and capital of the province of Agrigento.
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Aigues-Mortes
Aigues-Mortes (Aigas Mòrtas) is a French commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region of southern France.
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Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence (Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm,, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (medieval Occitan Aics), is a city-commune in the south of France, about north of Marseille.
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Ajaccio
Ajaccio is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the Collectivité territoriale de Corse (capital city of Corsica).
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Alba, Piedmont
Alba (Alba Pompeia) is a town and comune of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Cuneo.
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Albania
Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.
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Alfonso VII of León and Castile
Alfonso VII (1 March 110521 August 1157), called the Emperor (el Emperador), became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King of León and Castile in 1126.
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Alfonso VIII of Castile
Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (El Noble) or the one of the Navas (el de las Navas), was the King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo.
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Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
Alphonse or Alfonso (11 November 122021 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse (as Alphonse II) from 1249.
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Amalfi
Amalfi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno.
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Apennine Mountains
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (Ἀπέννινα ὄρη; Appenninus or Apenninus Mons—a singular used in the plural;Apenninus has the form of an adjective, which would be segmented Apenn-inus, often used with nouns such as mons (mountain) or Greek ὄρος oros, but just as often used alone as a noun. The ancient Greeks and Romans typically but not always used "mountain" in the singular to mean one or a range; thus, "the Apennine mountain" refers to the entire chain and is translated "the Apennine mountains". The ending can vary also by gender depending on the noun modified. The Italian singular refers to one of the constituent chains rather than to a single mountain and the Italian plural refers to multiple chains rather than to multiple mountains. Appennini) are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending along the length of peninsular Italy.
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Appanage
An appanage or apanage (pronounced) or apanage is the grant of an estate, title, office, or other thing of value to a younger male child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture.
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Aragonese Crusade
The Aragonese Crusade or Crusade of Aragon, a part of the larger War of the Sicilian Vespers, was declared by Pope Martin IV against the King of Aragon, Peter III the Great, in 1284 and 1285.
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Arles
Arles (Provençal Arle in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.
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Asti
Asti is a city and comune of 76 164 inhabitants (1-1-2017) located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River.
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Augusta, Sicily
Augusta (Sicilian: Austa, Greek and Latin: Megara Hyblaea, Medieval: Augusta and Agosta) is a town and comune in the province of Syracuse, located on the eastern coast of Sicily (Italy).
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Aversa
Aversa is a city and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania, southern Italy, about north of Naples.
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Avignon
Avignon (Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Avinhon) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river.
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Bailiff (France)
A bailiff (bailli) was the king’s administrative representative during the ancien régime in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in his bailiwick (baillage).
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Baldwin II, Latin Emperor
Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Courtenay (de Courtenay; late 1217 – October 1273), was the last monarch of the Latin Empire ruling from Constantinople.
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Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut
Baldwin IV (1108 – 8 November 1171) was count of Hainaut from 1120 to his death.
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Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
Baldwin V of Hainaut (1150 – 17 December 1195) was count of Hainaut (1171–1195), margrave of Namur as Baldwin I (1189–1195) and count of Flanders as Baldwin VIII (1191–1195).
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Balian of Arsuf
Balian of Ibelin (1239 – 29 September 1277) was the Lord of Arsuf from 1258 until the early 1260s (probably 1261), when he leased/rented it to the Knights Hospitaller.
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Barral of Baux
Barral of Baux (died 1268) was Viscount of Marseilles and Lord of Baux.
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Bartholomaeus of Neocastro
Bartholomaeus of Neocastro (1240 – after 1293) was an Italian jurist, and author of a chronicle called the Historia Sicula, which covers the years from 1250 to 1293.
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Basilicata
Basilicata, also known with its ancient name Lucania, is a region in Southern Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia (Puglia) to the north and east, and Calabria to the south.
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Battle of Benevento
The Battle of Benevento was fought on 26 February 1266 near Benevento, in present-day Southern Italy.
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Battle of Tagliacozzo
The Battle of Tagliacozzo was fought on 23 August 1268 between the Ghibellines supporters of Conradin of Hohenstaufen and the army of Charles of Anjou.
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Battle of the Gulf of Naples
The naval Battle of the Gulf of Naples took place on 5 June 1284 in the south of the Gulf of Naples, Italy, when an Aragonese-Sicilian galley fleet commanded by Roger of Lauria defeated a Neapolitan galley fleet commanded by Charles of Salerno (later Charles II of Naples) and captured Charles.
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Beatrice of Provence
Beatrice of Provence (c. 122923 September 1267), was ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her death, as well as Countess of Anjou and Maine, Queen of Sicily and Naples by marriage to Charles I of Naples.
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Beatrice of Savoy
Beatrice of Savoy (c. 1198 – c. 1267) was the daughter of Thomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva.
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Beatrice of Sicily, Latin Empress
Beatrice of Sicily (1252 – 17 November/12 December 1275) was titular Latin Empress as the wife of Philip of Courtenay.
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Benevento
Benevento (Campanian: Beneviénte; Beneventum) is a city and comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples.
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Berengaria of Barcelona
Berenguela or Berengaria of Barcelona (1116 – January 15, 1149) was Queen consort of Castile, León and Galicia.
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Bertran d'Alamanon
Bertran d'Alamanon, also spelled de Lamanon or d'Alamano (fl. 1229–1266), was a Provençal knight and troubadour, and an official, diplomat, and ambassador of the court of the Count of Provence.
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Bezant
In the Middle Ages, the term bezant (Old French besant, from Latin bizantius aureus) was used in western Europe to describe several gold coins of the east, all derived ultimately from the Roman ''solidus''.
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Biandrate
Biandrate (Piedmontese: Biandrà, Lombard: Biandraa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about west of Novara.
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Blanca of Navarre, Queen of Castile
Blanca of Navarre (Blanka Garzeitz, Blanca Garcés; aft. 1133, Laguardia, Álava – August 12, 1156) was Queen of Castile, the daughter of King García Ramírez of Navarre and his first wife Margaret of L'Aigle.
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Blanche of Castile
Blanche of Castile (Blanca; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII.
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Bonifaci VI de Castellana
Bonifaci VI de Castellana or Castelhana (Boniface de Castellane; fl. 1244–1265) was a Provençal knight and lord, one of the last of the great independent seigneurs of the land before the reign of Charles of Anjou (1246).
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Borgo San Dalmazzo
Borgo San Dalmazzo (Lo Borg Sant Dalmatz) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about south of Turin and about southwest of Cuneo.
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Born in the purple
Traditionally, born in the purple was a category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent.
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Borsh Castle
Borsh Castle (Kalaja e Borshit) also known as Sopot Castle (Kalaja e Sopotit) from the hill it is located, is a ruined castle near the village Borsh, Albania, near the coast of the Ionian Sea.
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Brindisi
Brindisi (Brindisino: Brìnnisi; Brundisium; translit; Brunda) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
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Buthrotum
Butrint (Buthrōtum; from Bouthrōtón) was an ancient Greek and later Roman city and bishopric in Epirus.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Calabria
Calabria (Calàbbria in Calabrian; Calavría in Calabrian Greek; Καλαβρία in Greek; Kalavrì in Arbëresh/Albanian), known in antiquity as Bruttium, is a region in Southern Italy.
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Canonization
Canonization is the act by which a Christian church declares that a person who has died was a saint, upon which declaration the person is included in the "canon", or list, of recognized saints.
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Capetian dynasty
The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet.
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Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty.
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Capitano del popolo
Captain of the People (Capitano del popolo) was an administrative title used in Italy during the Middle Ages.
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Capua
Capua is a city and comune in the province of Caserta, Campania, southern Italy, situated north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain.
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Cardinal (Catholic Church)
A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Castel Nuovo
Castel Nuovo (Italian: "New Castle"), often called Maschio Angioino (Italian: "Angevin Keep"), is a medieval castle located in front of Piazza Municipio and the city hall (Palazzo San Giacomo) in central Naples, Italy.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catona
Catona (in the local dialect A Catùna) is an urban district (independent municipality until 1927) of Reggio Calabria, Italy, as part of the 8th district with neighborhoods Salice, Villa San Giuseppe and Rosalì.
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Charlemagne
Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.
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Charles II of Naples
Charles II, also known as Charles the Lame (Charles le Boiteux; Carlo lo Zoppo; 1254 – 5 May 1309), was King of Naples, Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1285–1309), Prince of Achaea (1285–1289), and Count of Anjou and Maine (1285–1290); he also styled himself King of Albania and claimed the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1285.
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Charles Martel of Anjou
Charles Martel (Martell Károly; 8 September 1271 – 12 August 1295) of the Angevin dynasty was the eldest son of king Charles II of Naples and Maria of Hungary,John V.A. Fine Jr., The Late Medieval Balkans, (The University of Michigan Press, 1994), 207.
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Charles, Count of Valois
Charles of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon, was a member of the House of Capet and founder of the House of Valois, whose rule over France would start in 1328.
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Cherasco
Cherasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin and about northeast of Cuneo.
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Church of the Holy Spirit, Palermo
The church of the Holy Spirit (Italian: Chiesa dello Spirito Santo) is a Norman church in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy.
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Clemence of Austria
Clemence of Austria (1262 – February 1293, or 1295) was a daughter of King Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenberg.
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Col de Tende
Col de Tende (Colle di Tenda; elevation 1870 m) is a high mountain pass in the Alps, close to the border between France and Italy, although the highest section of the pass is wholly within France.
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Collo
Collo (القل) was an ancient Roman–Berber city in the northern Skikda Province, Algeria.
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Conrad IV of Germany
Conrad (25 April 1228 – 21 May 1254), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was the only son of Emperor Frederick II from his second marriage with Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem.
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Conrad of Antioch
Conrad of Antioch (Corrado d'Antiochia; born 1240/41, died after 1312) was a member of the imperial Staufer dynasty and a nobleman of the Kingdom of Sicily.
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Conradin
Conrad (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (Konradin, Corradino), was the Duke of Swabia (1254–1268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (1254–1268, as Conrad III), and King of Sicily (1254–1258, de jure until 1268, as Conrad II).
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Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon
Constance of Sicily (1249 – 9 April 1302) was Queen of Aragon as the wife of King Peter III and a pretender to the Kingdom of Sicily (as Constance II) from 1268 to 1285.
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Corfu
Corfu or Kerkyra (translit,; translit,; Corcyra; Corfù) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.
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Counts and dukes of Anjou
The Count of Anjou was the ruler of the county of Anjou, first granted by Charles the Bald in the 9th century to Robert the Strong.
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Counts and dukes of Maine
This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans.
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County of Forcalquier
The County of Forcalquier was a large medieval county in the region of Provence in the Kingdom of Arles, then part of the Holy Roman Empire.
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County of La Marche
The County of Marche (la Marcha) was a medieval French county, approximately corresponding to the modern département of Creuse.
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County of Tonnerre
The county of Tonnerre (Latin pagus Tornodorensis) was east of Auxerre and south of Troyes, centred on the town of Tonnerre in the Yonne region of France.
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Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques
The Couvent Saint-Jacques, Grand couvent des Jacobins or Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques was a Dominican monastery on rue Saint-Jacques in Paris.
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Cuneo
Cuneo (Coni; Coni) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Northern Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the third largest of Italy’s provinces by area.
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Damietta
Damietta (دمياط,; ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ) also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt, a former bishopric and present multiple Catholic titular see.
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Dowry
A dowry is a transfer of parental property, gifts or money at the marriage of a daughter.
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Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
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Durrës
Durrës (Durazzo,, historically known as Epidamnos and Dyrrachium, is the second most populous city of the Republic of Albania. The city is the capital of the surrounding Durrës County, one of 12 constituent counties of the country. By air, it is northwest of Sarandë, west of Tirana, south of Shkodër and east of Rome. Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is the country's most ancient and economic and historic center. Founded by Greek colonists from Corinth and Corfu under the name of Epidamnos (Επίδαμνος) around the 7th century BC, the city essentially developed to become significant as it became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire. The Via Egnatia, the continuation of the Via Appia, started in the city and led across the interior of the Balkan Peninsula to Constantinople in the east. In the Middle Ages, it was contested between Bulgarian, Venetian and Ottoman dominions. Following the declaration of independence of Albania, the city served as the capital of the Principality of Albania for a short period of time. Subsequently, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy and Nazi Germany in the interwar period. Moreover, the city experienced a strong expansion in its demography and economic activity during the Communism in Albania. Durrës is served by the Port of Durrës, one of the largest on the Adriatic Sea, which connects the city to Italy and other neighbouring countries. Its most considerable attraction is the Amphitheatre of Durrës that is included on the tentative list of Albania for designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once having a capacity for 20,000 people, it is the largest amphitheatre in the Balkan Peninsula.
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Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Edmund Crouchback
Edmund Crouchback (16 January 1245 – 5 June 1296), a member of the House of Plantagenet, was the second surviving son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence.
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Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
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Egypt in the Middle Ages
Following the Islamic conquest in 639 AD, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Ummayad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 747 the Ummayads were overthrown.
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Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France against the city of Tunis in 1270.
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore,; 1124 – 1 April 1204) was queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189) and duchess of Aquitaine in her own right (1137–1204).
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Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
Eleanor of England (Leonor; 13 October 1162 – 31 October 1214), or Eleanor Plantaganet, was Queen of Castile and Toledo as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile.
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Eleanor of Provence
Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223 – 24/25 June 1291Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Provence) was Queen consort of England, as the spouse of King Henry III of England, from 1236 until his death in 1272.
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Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary
Elisabeth of Sicily (1261–1303) was Queen of Hungary by marriage to Ladislaus IV of Hungary.
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Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
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Excommunication (Catholic Church)
For the canonical penalty of excommunication as regulated by the Code of Canon Law of 1917 and the present Code, see excommunication#Catholic Church.
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Filioque
Filioque is a Latin term added to the original Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (commonly known as the Nicene Creed), and which has been the subject of great controversy between Eastern and Western Christianity.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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Foggia
Foggia (Foggiano: Fògge) is a city and comune of Apulia, in southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia.
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Forlì
Forlì (Furlè; Forum Livii) is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, and is the capital of the province of Forlì-Cesena.
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Frederick I, Margrave of Baden
Frederick I of Baden (1249 – October 29, 1268), a member of the House of Zähringen, was Margrave of Baden and of Verona, as well as claimant Duke of Austria from 1250 until his death.
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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.
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Frederick of Castile
Frederick of Castile, in Spanish Fadrique (1223–1277), was a younger son (infante) of King Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen.
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Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.
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Gabelle
The gabelle was a very unpopular tax on salt in France that was established during the mid-14th century and lasted, with brief lapses and revisions, until 1946.
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Gaeta
Gaeta (Caiēta, Ancient Greek: Καιέτα) is a city and comune in the province of Latina, in Lazio, central Italy.
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Galeran of Ivry
Galeran of Ivry was an official of Charles I of Sicily.
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Gazo Chinard
Gazo Chinard (1230–1294) was an Italian noble lord, brother or son of Philippe Chinard and vassal of Manfred of Sicily and Charles of Anjou.
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Geoffrey of Beaulieu
Geoffrey of Beaulieu, from Évreux in Normandy, was a French biographer who died towards the end of the 13th century.
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Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome or the Fair (le Bel) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144.
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Giovanni Villani
Giovanni Villani (1276 or 1280 – 1348)Bartlett (1992), 35.
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Gozo
Gozo (Għawdex,, formerly Gaulos) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (guelfi e ghibellini) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy.
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Guido I da Montefeltro
Guido da Montefeltro (1223 – September 29, 1298) was an Italian military strategist and lord of Urbino.
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Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola
Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244 – 1291) was the son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England.
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Guy of Dramelay
Guy (II) of Dramelay (Guy de Dramelay; died 1285/86) was the third Baron of Chalandritsa in the Principality of Achaea in Frankish Greece, and also bailli of the Principality in 1282–85.
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Hafsid dynasty
The Hafsids (الحفصيون al-Ḥafṣiyūn) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent who ruled Ifriqiya (western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574.
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Haute Cour of Jerusalem
The Haute Cour (High Court) was the feudal council of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
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Helena Angelina Doukaina
Helena Angelina Doukaina (1242 – 1271) was Queen of Sicily as the second wife of King Manfred.
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Henry II of England
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.
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Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.
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Henry of Castile the Senator
Henry of Castile (March 1230 – 8 August 1303), called the Senator (el Senador), was a Castilian infante, the fourth son of Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Beatrice of Swabia.
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Hohenstaufen
The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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House of Capet
The House of Capet or the Direct Capetians (Capétiens directs, Maison capétienne), also called the House of France (la maison de France), or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328.
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Hugh III of Cyprus
Hugh III of Cyprus (1235 – 24 March 1284), born Hugues de Poitiers, later Hugues de Lusignan (he adopted his mother's surname de Lusignan in 1267), called the Great, was the King of Cyprus from 1267 and King of Jerusalem from 1268 (as Hugh I of Jerusalem).
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Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
Hugh IV of Burgundy (9 March 1213 – 27 or 30 October 1272) was Duke of Burgundy between 1218 and 1272.
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Hugh of Sully
Hugh of Sully (Hugues de Sully) was a general under the Sicilian King Charles of Anjou.
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Hugh X of Lusignan
Hugh X de Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême (c.
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Isabella of Hainault
Isabella of Hainault (5 April 1170 in Valenciennes – 15 March 1190 in Paris) was Queen of France as the first spouse of King Philip II.
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James I of Aragon
James I the Conqueror (Jaume el Conqueridor, Chaime lo Conqueridor, Jacme lo Conquistaire, Jaime el Conquistador; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276.
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Jean d'Eppe
Jean d'Eppe (c.1240 – 12 November 1293), known in Italian as Giovanni d'Appia, was a French nobleman who served the Angevin dynasty of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Papal State as a military commander and administrator.
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Jean de Joinville
Jean de Joinville (c. May 1, 1224 – 24 December 1317) was one of the great chroniclers of medieval France.
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Jean de Meun
Jean de Meun (or de Meung) was a French author best known for his continuation of the Roman de la Rose.
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Jean Dunbabin
Dr.
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John I de la Roche
John I de la Roche (died 1280) succeeded his father, Guy I, as Duke of Athens in 1263.
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John I Doukas of Thessaly
John I Doukas (Ἰωάννης Δούκας, Iōannēs Doukas), Latinized as Ducas, was an illegitimate son of Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Despot of Epirus in –1268.
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John I, Count of Hainaut
John of Avesnes (1 May 1218 – 24 December 1257) was the count of Hainaut from 1246 to his death.
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John of Procida
John of Procida (Giovanni da Procida) (1210–1298) was an Italian medieval physician and diplomat.
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John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches)
John Komnenos Angelos Doukas Synadenos (Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Ἄγγελος Δούκας Συναδηνός) was a Byzantine noble and military leader with the rank of megas stratopedarches during the reigns of Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282) and Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328).
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John, King of England
John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216), also known as John Lackland (Norman French: Johan sanz Terre), was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.
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King of Albania
While the medieval Angevin Kingdom of Albania was a monarchy, it did not encompass the entirety of the modern state of Albania.
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Kingdom of Arles
The Kingdom of Arles (also Kingdom of Arelat or Second Kingdom of Burgundy) was a Frankish dominion established from lands of the early medieval Kingdom of the Burgundians in 933 by the merger of the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy under King Rudolf II.
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Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was a crusader state established in the Southern Levant by Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 after the First Crusade.
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Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.
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Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae, Regno di Sicilia, Regnu di Sicilia, Regne de Sicília, Reino de Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian peninsula and for a time Africa from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816.
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Kitab al-Hawi
The Kitab al-Hawi fi tebb (i.e., al-Ketābal-ḥāwifi’l-ṭebb "Comprehensive book on medicine”), the title of a major Arabic work on medicine in twenty-five volumes by Abu Bakr Moḥammad bin Zakariyāʾ Rāzi (born in Rey, 1 Šaʿbān 251/28 August 865; d. 5 Šaʿbān 313/26 October 925; these dates on Biruni’s authority), physician, scientist, philosopher, and prolific author in medicine and ancillary subjects, alchemy, logic, and philosophy.
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Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.
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Konstantin Tih
Konstantin Tih (Константин Тих Асен; 1257–77) or Constantine I (Константин I), was the emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1257 to 1277.
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Ladislaus IV of Hungary
Ladislaus the Cuman (IV., Ladislav IV., Ladislav IV.; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislas the Cuman, was king of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290.
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Lateran Palace
The Lateran Palace (Palatium Lateranense), formally the Apostolic Palace of the Lateran (Palatium Apostolicum Lateranense), is an ancient palace of the Roman Empire and later the main papal residence in southeast Rome.
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Latin Emperor
The Latin Emperor was the ruler of the Latin Empire, the historiographical convention for the Crusader realm, established in Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade (1204) and lasting until the city was recovered by the Byzantine Greeks in 1261.
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List of counts of Albon and dauphins of Viennois
The Counts of Albon (Comtes d'Albon) were members of the medieval nobility in what is now south-eastern France.
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List of monarchs of Sardinia
The following is a list of rulers of Sardinia, in particular, of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica from 1323 and then of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1479 to 1861.
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List of monarchs of Sicily
The monarchs of Sicily ruled from the establishment of the County of Sicily in 1071 until the "perfect fusion" in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
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List of rulers of Provence
The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe.
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List of Serbian monarchs
This is an archontological list of Serbian monarchs, containing monarchs of the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Serbia.
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Livre tournois
The livre tournois (Tours pound) was.
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Longobucco
Longobucco is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza, in the Calabria region of southern Italy.
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Louis IX of France
Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis, was King of France and is a canonized Catholic and Anglican saint.
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Louis VI of France
Louis VI (c.1081 – 1 August 1137), called the Fat (le Gros) or the Fighter (le Batailleur), was King of the Franks from 1108 until his death (1137).
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Louis VII of France
Louis VII (called the Younger or the Young; Louis le Jeune; 1120 – 18 September 1180) was King of the Franks from 1137 until his death.
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Louis VIII of France
Louis VIII the Lion (Louis VIII le Lion; 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) was King of France from 1223 to 1226.
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Luca Savelli
Luca Savelli was a Roman senator who in 1234 sacked the Lateran.
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Lucca
Lucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio, in a fertile plain near the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Lucera
Lucera (Lucerino: Lucére) is an Italian city of 34,243 inhabitants in the province of Foggia in the region of Apulia, and the seat of the Diocese of Lucera-Troia.
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Luchetto Gattilusio
Luchetto Gattilusio (fl. 1248–1307) was a Genoese statesman, diplomat, and man of letters.
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Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
The Mamluk Sultanate (سلطنة المماليك Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.
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Manfred, King of Sicily
Manfred (Manfredi di Sicilia; 1232 – 26 February 1266) was the King of Sicily from 1258 to 1266.
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Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
Margaret I of Flanders (circa 1145 - died 15 November 1194) was ruling countess of Flanders suo jure from 1191 to her death.
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Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
Margaret, often called Margaret of Constantinople (2 June 1202 – 10 February 1280), ruled as Countess of Flanders during 1244–1278 and Countess of Hainaut during 1244–1253 and 1257–1280.
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Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Sicily
Margaret of Burgundy (1250 – 4 September 1308) was Queen of Sicily and Naples by marriage to Charles I of Sicily.
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Margaret of Hungary (saint)
Saint Margaret, O.P., (January 27, 1242 – January 18, 1270) was a Dominican nun and the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.
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Margaret of Provence
Margaret of Provence (Marguerite; 1221 – 20 December 1295) was Queen of France by marriage to King Louis IX.
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Maria of Antioch (pretender)
Maria of Antioch (died after 10 December 1307) was the pretender to the throne of Jerusalem from 1269 to 1277.
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Marquisate of Ceva
The Marquisate of Ceva was a small independent state in north-western Italy, situated at the foot of the Apennines, with its seat at Ceva, in what is now a part of Piedmont.
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Marquisate of Saluzzo
The Marquisate of Saluzzo was a historical Italian state that included French and Piedmont territories on the Alps.
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Marseille
Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.
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Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples
Mary of Hungary (c. 1257 – 25 March 1323), of the Árpád dynasty, was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Naples.
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Matilda of Carinthia
Matilda of Carinthia or Mathilde of Sponheim (died 13 December 1160 or 1161) was the daughter of Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia and his wife Uta of Passau.
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Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris, known as Matthew of Paris (Latin: Matthæus Parisiensis, "Matthew the Parisian"; c. 1200 – 1259), was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
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Medieval commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city.
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Melun
Melun is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
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Messina
Messina (Sicilian: Missina; Messana, Μεσσήνη) is the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina.
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Michael Tarchaneiotes
Michael Palaiologos Tarchaneiotes (Μιχαήλ Παλαιολόγος Ταρχανειώτης) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general, active against the Turks in Asia Minor and against the Angevins in the Balkans from 1278 until his death from disease in 1284.
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Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Μιχαὴλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos; 1223 – 11 December 1282) reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259–1282.
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Mondovì
Mondovì (Ël Mondvì, Mons Regalis) is a town and comune (township) in Piedmont, northern Italy, about from Turin.
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Muhammad I al-Mustansir
Muhammad I al-Mustansir (Abu Abd Allah Muhammad al-Mustansir ibn Yahya; 1228-1277) was the second ruler of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya and the first to claim the title of Khalif.
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Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī (Abūbakr Mohammad-e Zakariyyā-ye Rāzī, also known by his Latinized name Rhazes or Rasis) (854–925 CE), was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.
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Muslim settlement of Lucera
The Muslim settlement of Lucera was the result of the decision of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (1194–1250) to move 20,000 Sicilian Muslims to Lucera, a settlement in Apulia in southern Italy.
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Naples
Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.
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Naples Cathedral
Naples Cathedral (Duomo di Napoli, Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta or Cattedrale di San Gennaro; Viscuvato 'e Napule) is a Roman Catholic cathedral, the main church of Naples, southern Italy, and the seat of the Archbishop of Naples.
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Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas
Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Nicephorus I Comnenus Ducas (Νικηφόρος Α΄ Κομνηνός Δούκας, Nikēphoros I Komnēnos Doukas), (c. 1240 – c. 1297) was ruler of Epirus from 1267/8 to c. 1297.
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Nisida
Nisida is a volcanic islet of the Flegrean Islands archipelago, in southern Italy.
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Odo, Count of Nevers
Odo of Burgundy (1230 – 4 August 1266) was Count of Nevers and Auxerre and the heir of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy.
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Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
There were six major officers of the kingdom of Jerusalem: the constable, the marshal, the seneschal, the chamberlain (which were known as the "Grand Offices"), the butler and the chancellor.
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Ostia (Rome)
Ostia is a large neighbourhood in the X Municipio of the commune of Rome, Italy, near the ancient port of Rome, named Ostia, which is now a major archaeological site known as Ostia Antica.
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Otto IV, Count of Burgundy
Otho IV, Count of Burgundy (1248, Ornans – 1302) was the son of Hugh de Châlons and Adelaide, Countess Palatine of Burgundy.
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Panormos (Epirus)
Panormos was an ancient Greek harbor settlement mentioned by the geographer Ptolemy (3.13.2), in Chaonia in ancient Epirus, possibly located at Porto Palermo south of Himare, Albania Borsh, Albania has also been suggested as a possible site.
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Papal conclave
A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, also known as the Pope.
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Papal primacy
Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiastical doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees.
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Parlement
A parlement, in the Ancien Régime of France, was a provincial appellate court.
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Partimen
The partimen (partiment; also known as partia or joc partit) or in French jeu parti (plural jeux partis) is a genre of Occitan and Old French lyric poetry composed between two troubadours, a subgenre of the tenso or ''cobla'' exchange in which one poet presents a dilemma in the form of a question and the two debate the answer, each taking up a different side.
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Peter III of Aragon
Peter the Great (Pere el Gran, Pero lo Gran; 1239 – 11 November 1285) was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia (as Peter I), and Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death, (this union of kingdoms was called the Crown of Aragon).
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Peter, Count of Alençon
Peter I of Alençon (born 1251 in Holy Land - d. 6 April 1284 in Salerno, Italy) was the son of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence.
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Philip I, Latin Emperor
Philip, also Philip of Courtenay (1243 – 15 December 1283), held the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1273–1283, although Constantinople had been reinstated since 1261 AD to the Byzantine Empire; he lived in exile and only held authority over Crusader States in Greece.
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Philip II of France
Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (Philippe Auguste; 21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet.
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Philip III of France
Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 to 1285, a member of the House of Capet.
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Philip of Sicily
Philip (born 1255/56, died 1277), of the Capetian House of Anjou, was the second son of King Charles I of Sicily and Countess Beatrice of Provence.
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Piedmont
Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piedmontese, Occitan and Piemont; Piémont) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country.
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Pierre d'Angicourt
Pierre d'Angicourt, in French Pierre de Angicourt, in Latin Petrus de Angicuria (Angicourt,... - active between 1269-1309) was a French architect, for about thirty years at the service of Angevin kings of the Kingdom of Naples during the second half of the thirteenth century.
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Podestà
Podestà is the name given to certain high officials in many Italian cities beginning in the later Middle Ages.
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Poitou
Poitou, in Poitevin: Poetou, was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.
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Pope Adrian V
Pope Adrian V (Adrianus V; c. 1210/122018 August 1276), born Ottobuono de' Fieschi, was Pope from 11 July to his death on 18 August 1276.
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Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. 1185 – 25 May 1261) was Pope from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261.
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Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV (Clemens IV; 23 November 1190 – 29 November 1268), born Gui Foucois (Guido Falcodius; Guy de Foulques or Guy Foulques) and also known as Guy le Gros (French for "Guy the Fat"; Guido il Grosso), was bishop of Le Puy (1257–1260), archbishop of Narbonne (1259–1261), cardinal of Sabina (1261–1265), and Pope from 5 February 1265 until his death.
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Pope Gregory X
Pope Gregory X (Gregorius X; – 10 January 1276), born Teobaldo Visconti, was Pope from 1 September 1271 to his death in 1276 and was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order.
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Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV (Innocentius IV; c. 1195 – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.
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Pope Innocent V
Pope Innocent V (Innocentius V; c. 1225 – 22 June 1276), born Pierre de Tarentaise, was pope from 21 January to 22 June 1276.
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Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI (Ioannes XXI; – 20 May 1277), born Peter Juliani (Petrus Iulianus; Pedro Julião), was Pope from 8 September 1276 to his death in 1277.
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Pope Martin IV
Pope Martin IV (Martinus IV; c. 1210/1220 – 28 March 1285), born Simon de Brion, was Pope from 22 February 1281 to his death in 1285.
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Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas III (Nicolaus III; c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was Pope from 25 November 1277 to his death in 1280.
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Pope Urban IV
Pope Urban IV (Urbanus IV; c. 1195 – 2 October 1264), born Jacques Pantaléon,Steven Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean Word in the Later Thirteenth Century, (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 54.
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Posthumous birth
A posthumous birth is a birth of a child after the death of a biological parent.
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Potenza
Potenza (Potentino dialect: Putenz) is a city and comune in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata (former Lucania).
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Prince of Orange
Prince of Orange is a title originally associated with the sovereign Principality of Orange, in what is now southern France.
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Prince-elector
The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (Kurfürst, pl. Kurfürsten, Kurfiřt, Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Principality of Achaea
The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade.
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Principality of Salerno
The Lombard Principality of Salerno was a South Italian state, formed in 851 out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war.
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Purgatory
In Roman Catholic theology, purgatory (via Anglo-Norman and Old French) is an intermediate state after physical death in which some of those ultimately destined for heaven must first "undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven," holding that "certain offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain others in the age to come." And that entrance into Heaven requires the "remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven," for which indulgences may be given which remove "either part or all of the temporal punishment due to sin," such as an "unhealthy attachment" to sin.
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Purveyance
Purveyance is the right of the Crown to requisition goods and services for royal use, and was developed in England over the course of the late eleventh through the fourteenth centuries.
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Raimon de Tors de Marseilha
Raimon de Tors de Marseilha (fl. 1257–1265) was a Provençal troubadour.
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Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
Ramon Berenguer IV or V (1198 – 19 August 1245), Count of Provence and Forcalquier, was the son of Alfonso II of Provence and Garsenda de Sabran, heiress of Forcalquier.
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Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse
Raymond VII of Saint-Gilles (July 1197 – 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death.
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Reggio Calabria
Reggio di Calabria (also; Reggino: Rìggiu, Bovesia Calabrian Greek: script; translit, Rhēgium), commonly known as Reggio Calabria or simply Reggio in Southern Italy, is the largest city and the most populated comune of Calabria, Southern Italy.
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Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272), second son of John, King of England, was the nominal Count of Poitou (1225-1243), Earl of Cornwall (from 1225) and King of Germany (from 1257).
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Robert I, Count of Artois
Robert I (25 September 1216 – 8 February 1250), called the Good, was the first Count of Artois, the fifth (and second surviving) son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.
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Robert II, Count of Artois
Robert II (September 1250 – 11 July 1302) was the Count of Artois, the posthumous son and heir of Robert I and Matilda of Brabant.
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Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
Robert II of Burgundy (1248 – 21 March 1306) was Duke of Burgundy between 1272 and 1306.
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Robert III, Count of Flanders
Robert III (1249 – 17 September 1322), also called Robert of Béthune and nicknamed The Lion of Flanders (De Leeuw van Vlaanderen), was the Count of Nevers from 1273 and Count of Flanders from 1305 until his death.
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Roger of Lauria
Roger of Lauria (c. 1245 – 17 January 1305) was an Italian admiral in Aragonese service, who was the commander of the fleet of the Crown of Aragon during the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
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Roger of San Severino
Roger of San Severino was the bailiff of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1277 to 1282.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arles
The former French Catholic Archbishopric of Arles had its episcopal see in the city of Arles, in southern France.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Digne
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Digne (Latin: Dioecesis Diniensis; French: Diocèse de Digne) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Royal Palace of Naples
The Royal Palace of Naples (italic, Palazzo Riale ‘e Napule) is a palace, museum, and historical tourist destination located in central Naples, southern Italy.
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Rudolf I of Germany
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (Rudolf von Habsburg, Rudolf Habsburský; 1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291), was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and the elected King of the Romans from 1273 until his death.
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Sancho III of Castile
Sancho III (1134 – 31 August 1158), called the Desired (el Deseado), was King of Castile and Toledo for one year, from 1157 to 1158.
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Savigliano
Savigliano (Savijan in Piedmontese) is a comune of Piedmont, northern Italy, in the Province of Cuneo, about south of Turin by rail.
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Sciacca
Sciacca (Greek: Θέρμαι; Latin: Thermae Selinuntinae, Thermae Selinuntiae, Thermae, Aquae Labrodes and Aquae Labodes), is a town and comune in the province of Agrigento on the southwestern coast of Sicily, southern Italy.
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Second Council of Lyon
The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, France, in 1274.
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Seventh Crusade
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254.
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Sibylla of Anjou
Sibylla of Anjou (c. 1112–1165) was a countess consort of Flanders.
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Sicilian Vespers
The Sicilian Vespers (Vespri siciliani; Vespiri siciliani) is the name given to the successful rebellion on the island of Sicily that broke out at Easter, 1282 against the rule of the French-born king Charles I, who had ruled the Kingdom of Sicily since 1266.
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Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Siege of Berat (1280–1281)
The Siege of Berat in Albania by the forces of the Angevin Kingdom of Sicily against the Byzantine garrison of the city took place in 1280–1281.
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Stefan Uroš I
Stefan Uroš I (Стефан Урош I; 1223 – May 1, 1277), known as Uroš the Great (Урош Велики) was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav.
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Steven Runciman
Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman, CH, FBA (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–54).
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Subventio generalis
The subventio generalis (or "general aid"), also known as collecta, was a direct tax in the medieval Kingdom of Sicily.
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Summus Senator
Summus Senator is a medieval title of Rome for the head of the civil government in the city.
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The Jewish Mind
The Jewish Mind is a non-fiction cultural psychology book by cultural anthropologist Raphael Patai first published in 1977.
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Theobald II, Count of Champagne
Theobald the Great (French: Thibaut de Blois) (1090–1152) was Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV from 1102 and was Count of Champagne and of Brie as Theobald II from 1125.
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Thierry, Count of Flanders
Theoderic (Diederik, Thierry, Dietrich; – January 17, 1168), commonly known as Thierry of Alsace, was the fifteenth count of Flanders from 1128 to 1168.
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Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.
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Thomas I, Marquess of Saluzzo
Thomas I (1239–1296) was the fourth Marquess of Saluzzo from 1244 to his death.
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Thomas Tuscus
Thomas Tuscus or Thomas of Pavia (c. 1212 – c. 1282)Pierre Péano, "Thomas de Pavie", Dictionnaire de spiritualité ascetique e mystique XV (Paris: Beauchenes, 1991), col.
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Torre Astura
Frangipani. Torre Astura, formerly an island called by the ancients merely Astura (Greek: Ἄστυρα), is now a peninsula in the comune of Nettuno, on the coast of Latium, Italy, at the southeast extremity of the Bay of Antium, on the road to Circeii.
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Trapani
Trapani (Tràpani; Drepanon, Δρέπανον) is a city and comune on the west coast of Sicily in Italy.
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Treaty of Viterbo
The Treaty of Viterbo (or the Treaties of Viterbo) was a pair of agreements made by Charles I of Sicily with Baldwin II of Constantinople and William II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea, on 24 and 27 May 1267, which transferred much of the rights to the defunct Latin Empire from Baldwin to Charles.
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Trial by combat
Trial by combat (also wager of battle, trial by battle or judicial duel) was a method of Germanic law to settle accusations in the absence of witnesses or a confession in which two parties in dispute fought in single combat; the winner of the fight was proclaimed to be right.
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Troyes
Troyes is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in north-central France.
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Tuscany
Tuscany (Toscana) is a region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013).
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Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to ''Salmonella'' typhi that causes symptoms.
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University of Naples Federico II
The University of Naples Federico II (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II) is a university located in Naples, Italy.
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Usufruct
Usufruct is a limited real right (or in rem right) found in civil-law and mixed jurisdictions that unites the two property interests of usus and fructus.
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Ventimiglia
Ventimiglia (Ventimiglia, Intemelio:, Genoese: Vintimiggia, Vintimille, Ventemilha) is a city, comune (municipality) and bishopric in Liguria, northern Italy, in the province of Imperia.
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Vercelli
Vercelli (Vërsèj in Piedmontese), is a city and comune of 46.552 inhabitants (1-1-2017) in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy.
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Viterbo
Viterbo (Viterbese: Veterbe, Viterbium) is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.
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War of the Flemish Succession
The War of the Flemish Succession was a series of feudal conflicts in the mid-thirteenth century between the children of Margaret II, Countess of Flanders.
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William of Villehardouin
William of Villehardouin (Guillaume de Villehardouin; died 1 May 1278) was the last Villehardouin prince of Achaea (as William II) and ruled the principality at the height of its power and influenceL'Achaïe féodale: étude sur le moyen âge en Grèce (1205-1456).
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William VII, Marquess of Montferrat
William VII (c. 1240 – 6 February 1292), called the Great Marquess (il Gran Marchese), was the twelfth Marquess of Montferrat from 1253 to his death.
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William X, Duke of Aquitaine
William X (Guillém X in Occitan) (1099 – 9 April 1137), called the Saint, was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou (as William VIII) from 1126 to 1137.
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Redirects here:
Carlo I of Anjou, Carlo I of Sicily, Charles I (Sicily), Charles I (of Two Sicilies), Charles I d'Anjou, Charles I of Albania, Charles I of Naples, Charles I of Naples and Sicily, Charles I of Provence, Charles I of Sicily, Charles d'Anjou, Charles i of naples, Charles of Anjou, Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily and Naples, Charles of Naples, Charles of Sicily, Charles, Count of Anjou, King Charles I of Anjou.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou
