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195 relations: A & C Black, Ahura Mazda, Amenominakanushi, Amitābha, Analects, Ancestral shrine, Anu, Apophatic theology, Arche, Asceticism, Axis mundi, Bamboo and wooden slips, Benjamin I. Schwartz, Big Dipper, Book of Documents, Brahma, Celestial pole, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi (philosopher), Chinese bronze inscriptions, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese classics, Chinese creation myths, Chinese dragon, Chinese folk religion, Chinese gods and immortals, Chinese kin, Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions, Chinese philosophy, Christianity, Chu Ci, Circumpolar star, Classic of Poetry, Confucianism, Confucius, Cosmos, Cross potent, Daozang, Deus, Di (Chinese concept), Dingir, Dong Zhongshu, Dongyue Temple, Double Ninth Festival, Doumu, Draco (constellation), Ellis Sandoz, Emperor Huan of Han, Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Wu of Han, ..., Emperor Zhenzong, English articles, Enki, Enlil, Eric Voegelin, Etymology, Ex nihilo, Fangshi, Four Books and Five Classics, Four Symbols (China), Ganying, Gautama Buddha, Glossary of ancient Roman religion, God, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Great Leap Forward, Han dynasty, Haneullim, Heidi (god), Henotheism, Historical Vedic religion, History of China, Holy Spirit, Homophony, Houtu, Hu Shih, Huainanzi, Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi Sijing, Huaxia, Humanism, Hun and po, Hundun, I Ching, Immanence, Incense, Indra, Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind, Junzi, Jupiter, Kang Youwei, Kunlun (mythology), Laozi, Large seal script, Magi, Maitreya, Mandate of Heaven, Maoism, Marcus Terentius Varro, Marduk, Max Müller, Mencius, Mencius (book), Mercury (planet), Mesopotamia, Ming dynasty, Mitra–Varuna, Monism, Mou Zongsan, Mount Tai, Names of God, Natural theology, Neo-Confucianism, Neolithic, New Confucianism, Noumenon, Old Chinese, Oracle bone script, Orbital pole, Original sin, Pegasus (constellation), Peking University, Phenomenon, Physis, Pneumatology, Polaris, Pole star, Political theology, Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European religion, Qi, Qin dynasty, Qiu Xigui, Records of the Grand Historian, Regular script, Regulus, Sacred Mountains of China, Sacrifice, Sanxing (deities), Saturn, Shang dynasty, Shangdi, Shizi (book), Shuowen Jiezi, Siberia, Sima Qian, Sino-Christian theology, Sino-Platonic Papers, Small seal script, Song dynasty, Star (Chinese constellation), Stephan Feuchtwang, Swastika, Taiji (philosophy), Taiyi Shengshui, Tang dynasty, Tao, Tao Te Ching, Taoism, Taoist schools, Tathātā, Temple of Heaven, Tengri, Theodicy, Three Pure Ones, Tian, Tianxia, Traditional Chinese medicine, Transcendence (religion), Tsinghua University, Tu Weiming, Ulrich Libbrecht, Ursa Minor, Warring States period, Western Zhou, Wu (shaman), Wu Xing, Wufang Shangdi, Xian (Taoism), Xiantiandao, Xinzhong Yao, Xiong Shili, Xu Shen, Xunzi (book), Yan Huang Zisun, Yellow Emperor, Yellow River Map, Yin and yang, Yuan dynasty, Zeta Ursae Majoris, Zhenren, Zhou dynasty, Zhu Xi, Zhuangzi (book), Zoroastrianism. Expand index (145 more) »
A & C Black
A & C Black is a British book publishing company, owned since 2002 by Bloomsbury Publishing.
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Ahura Mazda
Ahura Mazda (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hourmazd, Hormazd, Harzoo and Hurmuz) is the Avestan name for the creator and sole God of Zoroastrianism, the old Iranian religion that spread across the Middle East, before ultimately being relegated to small minorities after the Muslim conquest of Iran.
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Amenominakanushi
Amenominakanushi (天御中主 or 天之御中主神 "Heavenly Ancestral God of the Originating Heart of the Universe") is, according to the Kojiki, the first kami, and the source of the universe according to Shinto.
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Amitābha
Amitābha, also known as Amida or Amitāyus, is a celestial buddha according to the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism.
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Analects
The Analects (Old Chinese: *run ŋ(r)aʔ), also known as the Analects of Confucius, is a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled and written by Confucius's followers.
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Ancestral shrine
An ancestral shrine, hall or temple, also called lineage temple, is a Chinese temple dedicated to deified ancestors and progenitors of surname lineages or families in the Chinese traditional religion.
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Anu
Anu (𒀭𒀭, Anu‹m› or Ilu) or An (𒀭, from 𒀭 an "Sky, Heaven") is the divine personification of the sky, supreme God, and ancestor of all the deities in ancient Mesopotamian religion.
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Apophatic theology
Apophatic theology, also known as negative theology, is a form of theological thinking and religious practice which attempts to approach God, the Divine, by negation, to speak only in terms of what may not be said about the perfect goodness that is God.
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Arche
Arche (ἀρχή) is a Greek word with primary senses "beginning", "origin" or "source of action".
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Asceticism
Asceticism (from the ἄσκησις áskesis, "exercise, training") is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.
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Axis mundi
The axis mundi (also cosmic axis, world axis, world pillar, center of the world, world tree), in certain beliefs and philosophies, is the world center, or the connection between Heaven and Earth.
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Bamboo and wooden slips
Bamboo and wooden slips were the main media and writing medium for documents in China before the widespread introduction of paper during the first two centuries AD.
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Benjamin I. Schwartz
Benjamin Isadore Schwartz (December 12, 1916 – November 14, 1999) was an American academic, author and sinologist.
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Big Dipper
The Big Dipper (US) or the Plough (UK) is an asterism consisting of seven bright stars of the constellation Ursa Major; six of them are of second magnitude and one, Megrez (δ), of third magnitude.
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Book of Documents
The Book of Documents (Shujing, earlier Shu-king) or Classic of History, also known as the Shangshu ("Esteemed Documents"), is one of the Five Classics of ancient Chinese literature.
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Brahma
Brahma (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मा, IAST: Brahmā) is a creator god in Hinduism.
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Celestial pole
The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the celestial sphere.
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Cheng Hao
Chéng Hào (1032–1085), Courtesy name Bóchún, was a neo-Confucian philosopher from Luoyang, China.
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Cheng Yi (philosopher)
Cheng Yi (1033–1107), courtesy name Zhengshu (正叔), also known as Yichuan Xiansheng (伊川先生), was a Chinese philosopher born in Luoyang during the Song Dynasty.
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Chinese bronze inscriptions
Chinese bronze inscriptions, also commonly referred to as Bronze script or Bronzeware script, are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese ritual bronzes such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty and even later.
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Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.
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Chinese classics
Chinese classic texts or canonical texts refers to the Chinese texts which originated before the imperial unification by the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, particularly the "Four Books and Five Classics" of the Neo-Confucian tradition, themselves a customary abridgment of the "Thirteen Classics".
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Chinese creation myths
Chinese creation myths are symbolic narratives about the origins of the universe, earth, and life.
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Chinese dragon
Chinese dragons or East Asian dragons are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology, Chinese folklore, and East Asian culture at large.
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Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion (Chinese popular religion) or Han folk religion is the religious tradition of the Han people, including veneration of forces of nature and ancestors, exorcism of harmful forces, and a belief in the rational order of nature which can be influenced by human beings and their rulers as well as spirits and gods.
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Chinese gods and immortals
Chinese traditional religion is polytheistic; many deities are worshipped in a pantheistic view where divinity is inherent in the world.
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Chinese kin
A Chinese kin, lineage or sometimes rendered as clan, is a patrilineal and patrilocal group of related Chinese people with a common surname sharing a common ancestor and, in many cases, an ancestral home.
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Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions
In the Chinese common religion and philosophical schools the idea of the universal God has been expressed in a variety of names and representations, most notably as 天 Tiān ("Heaven") and 上帝 Shàngdì ("Highest Deity" or "Highest Emperor").
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Chinese philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments.
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Christianity
ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.
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Chu Ci
The Chu Ci, variously translated as Verses of Chu or Songs of Chu, is an anthology of Chinese poetry traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period (ended 221 BC), though about half of the poems seem to have been composed several centuries later, during the Han dynasty.
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Circumpolar star
A circumpolar star is a star, as viewed from a given latitude on Earth, that never sets below the horizon due to its apparent proximity to one of the celestial poles.
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Classic of Poetry
The Classic of Poetry, also Shijing or Shih-ching, translated variously as the Book of Songs, Book of Odes, or simply known as the Odes or Poetry is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC.
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.
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Confucius
Confucius (551–479 BC) was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.
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Cosmos
The cosmos is the universe.
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Cross potent
A cross potent (plural: crosses potent), also known as a crutch cross, is a form of heraldic cross with crossbars or "crutches" at the four ends.
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Daozang
Daozang (Wade-Giles: Tao Tsang), meaning "Taoist Canon", consists of around 1,400 texts that were collected c. 400 (after the Dao De Jing and Zhuang Zi which are the core Taoist texts).
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Deus
Deus is Latin for "god" or "deity".
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Di (Chinese concept)
Di (Chinese: 地, p Dì, w Ti, lit. "earth") is one of the oldest Chinese terms for the earth and a key concept or figure in Chinese mythology and religion.
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Dingir
Dingir (usually transliterated DIĜIR) is a Sumerian word for "god." Its cuneiform sign is most commonly employed as the determinative for religious names and related concepts, in which case it is not pronounced and is conventionally transliterated as a superscript "D" as in e.g. DInanna.
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Dong Zhongshu
Dong Zhongshu (179–104 BC) was a Han Dynasty Chinese scholar.
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Dongyue Temple
Dongyue Temple may refer to several Taoist/folk religious temples dedicated to the Great Deity of the Eastern Peak, that is Mount Tai.
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Double Ninth Festival
The Double Ninth Festival (Chung Yeung Festival in Hong Kong,, Tết Trùng Cửu), observed on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar, is a traditional Chinese holiday, mentioned in writing since before the East Han period (before AD 25).
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Doumu
Dǒumǔ, also known as Dǒumǔ Yuánjūn (斗母元君 "Lady Mother of the Chariot"), Dòulǎo Yuánjūn (斗姥元君 "Lady Ancestress of the Chariot") and Tàiyī Yuánjūn (太一元君 "Lady of the Great One"), is a goddess in Chinese religion and Taoism.
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Draco (constellation)
Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky.
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Ellis Sandoz
Ellis Sandoz (born 1931) is the Hermann Moyse Jr.
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Emperor Huan of Han
Emperor Huan of Han (132 – 25 January 168) was the 27th emperor of the Han Dynasty after he was enthroned by the Empress Dowager and her brother Liang Ji on 1 August 146.
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Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty in China.
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Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han (30 July 157BC29 March 87BC), born Liu Che, courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141–87 BC.
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Emperor Zhenzong
Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty in China.
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English articles
Articles in the English language are the definite article the and the indefinite articles a and an.
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Enki
Enki (Sumerian: dEN.KI(G)) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (gestú), mischief, crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud).
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Enlil
Enlil, later known as Elil, was the ancient Mesopotamian god of wind, air, earth, and storms.
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Eric Voegelin
Eric Voegelin (born Erich Hermann Wilhelm Vögelin;; January 3, 1901 – January 19, 1985) was a German-born American political philosopher.
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Etymology
EtymologyThe New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".
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Ex nihilo
Ex nihilo is a Latin phrase meaning "out of nothing".
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Fangshi
Fangshi was a category of Chinese technical specialists that flourished from the third century BCE to the fifth century CE.
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Four Books and Five Classics
The Four Books and Five Classics are the authoritative books of Confucianism in China written before 300 BC.
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Four Symbols (China)
The Four Symbols (literally meaning "four images") are four mythological creatures in the Chinese constellations.
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Ganying
Gǎnyìng or yìng is a Chinese cultural keyword meaning a "correlative resonance" pulsating throughout the purported force field of qi that infuses the cosmos.
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Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.
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Glossary of ancient Roman religion
The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.
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God
In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.
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Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1962.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Haneullim
Haneullim or Haneulnim (하늘님 "Heavenly King"), also spelled Hananim (하나님) or Hanunim (하느님), Hwanin (환인) or Hanin (한인), also called Sangje ("Highest Deity") or Sangjenim ("Kingly Highest Deity"), also known simply as Haneul ("Heaven") or Cheon (천 "Heaven", in Sino-Korean), or Cheonsin ("God of Heaven"), is the concept of supreme God peculiar to Korean shamanism, and religions rooted in Korean shamanism (including Cheondoism and Jeungsanism).
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Heidi (god)
Hēidì or Hēishén, who is the Běidì (Cantonese: Pak Tai) or Běiyuèdàdì is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the cosmological "Five Forms of the Highest Deity".
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Henotheism
Henotheism is the worship of a single god while not denying the existence or possible existence of other deities.
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Historical Vedic religion
The historical Vedic religion (also known as Vedism, Brahmanism, Vedic Brahmanism, and ancient Hinduism) was the religion of the Indo-Aryans of northern India during the Vedic period.
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History of China
The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.
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Holy Spirit
Holy Spirit (also called Holy Ghost) is a term found in English translations of the Bible that is understood differently among the Abrahamic religions.
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Homophony
In music, homophony (Greek: ὁμόφωνος, homóphōnos, from ὁμός, homós, "same" and φωνή, phōnē, "sound, tone") is a texture in which a primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that flesh out the harmony and often provide rhythmic contrast.
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Houtu
Hòutǔ or Hòutǔshén, also Hòutǔ Niángniáng (in Chinese either or), otherwise called Demǔ or Demǔ Niángniáng, is the deity of deep earth and soil in Chinese religion and mythology.
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Hu Shih
Hu Shih (17 December 1891 – 24 February 1962) was a Chinese philosopher, essayist and diplomat.
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Huainanzi
The Huainanzi is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of essays that resulted from a series of scholarly debates held at the court of Liu An, King of Huainan, sometime before 139.
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Huangdi Neijing
Huangdi Neijing, literally the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor or Esoteric Scripture of the Yellow Emperor, is an ancient Chinese medical text that has been treated as the fundamental doctrinal source for Chinese medicine for more than two millennia.
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Huangdi Sijing
The Huangdi Sijing (lit. "The Yellow Emperor's Four Classics") are long-lost Chinese manuscripts that were discovered among the Mawangdui Silk Texts in 1973.
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Huaxia
Huaxia is a historical concept representing the Chinese nation and civilization.
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Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
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Hun and po
Hun and po are types of souls in Chinese philosophy and traditional religion.
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Hundun
Hundun is both a "legendary faceless being" in Chinese mythology and the "primordial and central chaos" in Chinese cosmogony, comparable with the World egg.
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I Ching
The I Ching,.
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Immanence
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world.
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Incense
Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned.
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Indra
(Sanskrit: इन्द्र), also known as Devendra, is a Vedic deity in Hinduism, a guardian deity in Buddhism, and the king of the highest heaven called Saudharmakalpa in Jainism.
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Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind
Interactions between Heaven and Mankind is a set of doctrines formulated by Chinese Han dynasty scholar Dong Zhongshu which at that time became the basis for deciding the legitimacy of a monarch.
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Junzi
The junzi is a Chinese philosophical term often translated as "gentleman" or "superior person"Sometimes "exemplary person".
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Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.
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Kang Youwei
Kang Youwei (Cantonese: Hōng Yáuh-wàih; 19March 185831March 1927) was a Chinese scholar, noted calligrapher and prominent political thinker and reformer of the late Qing dynasty.
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Kunlun (mythology)
The Kunlun or Kunlun Shan is a mountain or mountain range in Chinese mythology, an important symbol representing the axis mundi and divinity.
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Laozi
Laozi (. Collins English Dictionary.; also Lao-Tzu,. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2016. or Lao-Tze;, literally "Old Master") was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer.
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Large seal script
Large Seal script or Great Seal script is a traditional reference to Chinese writing from before the Qin dynasty, and is now popularly understood to refer narrowly to the writing of the Western and early Eastern Zhou dynasties, and more broadly to also include the oracle bone script.
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Magi
Magi (singular magus; from Latin magus) denotes followers of Zoroastrianism or Zoroaster.
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Maitreya
Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pali), is regarded as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.
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Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven or Tian Ming is a Chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the King or Emperor of China.
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Maoism
Maoism, known in China as Mao Zedong Thought, is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong, whose followers are known as Maoists.
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Marcus Terentius Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC – 27 BC) was an ancient Roman scholar and writer.
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Marduk
Marduk (cuneiform: dAMAR.UTU; Sumerian: amar utu.k "calf of the sun; solar calf"; Greek Μαρδοχαῖος, Mardochaios) was a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon.
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Max Müller
Friedrich Max Müller (6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900), generally known as Max Müller, was a German-born philologist and Orientalist, who lived and studied in Britain for most of his life.
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Mencius
Mencius or Mengzi (372–289 BC or 385–303 or 302BC) was a Chinese philosopher who has often been described as the "second Sage", that is after only Confucius himself.
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Mencius (book)
The Mencius (Old Chinese: *mˤraŋ-s tsəʔ) is a collection of anecdotes and conversations of the Confucian thinker and philosopher Mencius on topics in moral and political philosophy, often between Mencius and the rulers of the various Warring States.
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Mercury (planet)
Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
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Mitra–Varuna
Mitra and Varuna are two deities (devas) frequently referred to in the ancient Indian scripture of the Rigveda.
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Monism
Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept e.g., existence.
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Mou Zongsan
Mou Zongsan (1909–1995) was a Chinese New Confucian philosopher.
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Mount Tai
Mount Tai is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Tai'an, in Shandong province, China.
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Names of God
A number of traditions have lists of many names of God, many of which enumerate the various qualities of a Supreme Being.The English word "God" (and its equivalent in other languages) is used by multiple religions as a noun or name to refer to different deities, or specifically to the Supreme Being, as denoted in English by the capitalized and uncapitalized terms "god" and "God".
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Natural theology
Natural theology, once also termed physico-theology, is a type of theology that provides arguments for the existence of God based on reason and ordinary experience of nature.
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Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism (often shortened to lixue 理學) is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
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Neolithic
The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.
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New Confucianism
New Confucianism is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and further developed in post-Mao era contemporary China.
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Noumenon
In metaphysics, the noumenon (from Greek: νούμενον) is a posited object or event that exists independently of human sense and/or perception.
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Old Chinese
Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese.
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Oracle bone script
Oracle bone script was the form of Chinese characters used on oracle bonesanimal bones or turtle plastrons used in pyromantic divinationin the late 2nd millennium BCE, and is the earliest known form of Chinese writing.
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Orbital pole
An orbital pole is either point at the ends of an imaginary line segment that runs through the center of an orbit (of a revolving body like a planet) and is perpendicular to the orbital plane.
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Original sin
Original sin, also called "ancestral sin", is a Christian belief of the state of sin in which humanity exists since the fall of man, stemming from Adam and Eve's rebellion in Eden, namely the sin of disobedience in consuming the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
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Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology.
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Peking University
Peking University (abbreviated PKU or Beida; Chinese: 北京大学, pinyin: běi jīng dà xué) is a major Chinese research university located in Beijing and a member of the C9 League.
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Phenomenon
A phenomenon (Greek: φαινόμενον, phainómenon, from the verb phainein, to show, shine, appear, to be manifest or manifest itself, plural phenomena) is any thing which manifests itself.
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Physis
Physis (Greek: italic phusis) is a Greek theological, philosophical, and scientific term usually translated into English as "nature".
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Pneumatology
Pneumatology in Christianity refers to a particular discipline within Christian theology that focuses on the study of the Holy Spirit.
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Polaris
Polaris, designated Alpha Ursae Minoris (Ursae Minoris, abbreviated Alpha UMi, UMi), commonly the North Star or Pole Star, is the brightest star in the constellation of Ursa Minor.
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Pole star
Pole star or polar star refers to a star, preferably bright, closely aligned to the axis of rotation of an astronomical object.
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Political theology
Political theology investigates the ways in which theological concepts or ways of thinking relate to politics, society, and economics.
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Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.
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Proto-Indo-European religion
Proto-Indo-European religion is the belief system adhered to by the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
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Qi
In traditional Chinese culture, qi or ch'i is believed to be a vital force forming part of any living entity.
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Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC.
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Qiu Xigui
Qiu Xigui (born 13July 1935) is a Chinese historian, palaeographer, and professor of Fudan University.
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Records of the Grand Historian
The Records of the Grand Historian, also known by its Chinese name Shiji, is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court.
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Regular script
Regular script (Hepburn: kaisho), also called 正楷, 真書 (zhēnshū), 楷體 (kǎitǐ) and 正書 (zhèngshū), is the newest of the Chinese script styles (appearing by the Cao Wei dynasty ca. 200 CE and maturing stylistically around the 7th century), hence most common in modern writings and publications (after the Ming and gothic styles, used exclusively in print).
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Regulus
Regulus, also designated Alpha Leonis (α Leonis, abbreviated Alpha Leo, α Leo), is the brightest star in the constellation of Leo and one of the brightest stars in the night sky, lying approximately 79 light years from the Sun.
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Sacred Mountains of China
The Sacred Mountains of China are divided into several groups.
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Sacrifice
Sacrifice is the offering of food, objects or the lives of animals to a higher purpose, in particular divine beings, as an act of propitiation or worship.
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Sanxing (deities)
The Sanxing (三星 "Three Stars"), who are Fu, Lu, and Shou, or Cai, Zi and Shou (財子壽), are the gods of the three stars and the three qualities of Prosperity (Fu), Status (Lu), and Longevity (Shou) in Chinese religion.
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Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.
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Shang dynasty
The Shang dynasty or Yin dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty.
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Shangdi
Shangdi, also written simply, "Emperor", is the Chinese term for "Supreme Deity" or "Highest Deity" in the theology of the classical texts, especially deriving from Shang theology and finding an equivalent in the later Tian ("Heaven" or "Great Whole") of Zhou theology.
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Shizi (book)
The Shizi is an eclectic Chinese classic written by Shi Jiao 尸佼 (c. 390-330 BCE), and the earliest text from Chinese philosophical school of Zajia 雜家 "Syncretism", which combined ideas from the Hundred Schools of Thought, including Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism, and Legalism.
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Shuowen Jiezi
Shuowen Jiezi, often shortened to Shuowen, was an early 2nd-century Chinese dictionary from the Han Dynasty.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Sima Qian
Sima Qian was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206AD220).
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Sino-Christian theology
Sino-Christian theology (or, literally meaning "Christian theology in the Chinese language") is a theological movement in Mainland China and Hong Kong.
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Sino-Platonic Papers
Sino-Platonic Papers is a scholarly monographic series published by the University of Pennsylvania.
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Small seal script
Small Seal Script (Chinese: 小篆, xiǎozhuàn), formerly romanized as Hsiao-chuan and also known as Seal Script, Lesser Seal Script and Qin Script (秦篆, Qínzhuàn), is an archaic form of Chinese calligraphy.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Star (Chinese constellation)
The Star mansion (星宿, pinyin: Xīng Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.
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Stephan Feuchtwang
Stephan Feuchtwang (born 1937) is emeritus professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics (LSE).
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Swastika
The swastika (as a character 卐 or 卍) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon from the cultures of Eurasia, where it has been and remains a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions, Chinese religions, Mongolian and Siberian shamanisms.
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Taiji (philosophy)
Taiji is a Chinese cosmological term for the "Supreme Ultimate" state of undifferentiated absolute and infinite potential, the oneness before duality, from which Yin and Yang originate, can be compared with the old Wuji (無極, "without ridgepole").
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Taiyi Shengshui
Taiyi Shengshui was written about 300 BC during the Warring States period.
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Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
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Tao
Tao or Dao (from) is a Chinese word signifying 'way', 'path', 'route', 'road' or sometimes more loosely 'doctrine', 'principle' or 'holistic science' Dr Zai, J..
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Tao Te Ching
The Tao Te Ching, also known by its pinyin romanization Daodejing or Dao De Jing, is a Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the 6th-century BC sage Laozi.
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Taoism
Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as ''Dao'').
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Taoist schools
Taoism is a religion with many schools or denominations, of which none occupies a position of orthodoxy.
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Tathātā
Tathātā (tathātā; tathatā) is variously translated as "thusness" or "suchness".
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Temple of Heaven
The is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing.
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Tengri
Tengri (𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃; Тангра; Modern Turkish: Tanrı; Proto-Turkic *teŋri / *taŋrɨ; Mongolian script:, Tngri; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр, Tenger), is one of the names for the primary chief deity used by the early Turkic (Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar) and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples.
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Theodicy
Theodicy, in its most common form, is an attempt to answer the question of why a good God permits the manifestation of evil, thus resolving the issue of the problem of evil.
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Three Pure Ones
The Three Pure Ones also translated as the Three Pure Pellucid Ones, the Three Pristine Ones, the Three Divine Teachers, the Three Clarities, or the Three Purities are the Taoist Trinity, the three highest Gods in the Taoist pantheon.
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Tian
Tiān (天) is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion.
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Tianxia
Tianxia is a Chinese term for an ancient Chinese cultural concept that denoted either the entire geographical world or the metaphysical realm of mortals, and later became associated with political sovereignty.
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Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a style of traditional medicine built on a foundation of more than 2,500 years of Chinese medical practice that includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (tui na), exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy, but recently also influenced by modern Western medicine.
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Transcendence (religion)
In religion, transcendence refers to the aspect of a god's nature and power which is wholly independent of the material universe, beyond all known physical laws.
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Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University (abbreviated THU;; also romanized as Qinghua) is a major research university in Beijing, China and a member of the elite C9 League of Chinese universities.
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Tu Weiming
Tu Weiming (born February 26, 1940) is an ethicist and a New Confucian.
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Ulrich Libbrecht
Ulrich Libbrecht (10 July 1928, Avelgem – 15 May 2017) was a Belgian philosopher and author in the field of comparative philosophy.
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Ursa Minor
Ursa Minor (Latin: "Lesser Bear", contrasting with Ursa Major), also known as the Little Bear, is a constellation in the Northern Sky.
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Warring States period
The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history of warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation, following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the Qin wars of conquest that saw the annexation of all other contender states, which ultimately led to the Qin state's victory in 221 BC as the first unified Chinese empire known as the Qin dynasty.
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Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (西周; c. 1046 – 771 BC) was the first half of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.
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Wu (shaman)
Wu are spirit mediums who have practiced divination, prayer, sacrifice, rainmaking, and healing in Chinese traditions dating back over 3,000 years.
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Wu Xing
The Wu Xing, also known as the Five Elements, Five Phases, the Five Agents, the Five Movements, Five Processes, the Five Steps/Stages and the Five Planets of significant gravity: Jupiter-木, Saturn-土, Mercury-水, Venus-金, Mars-火Dr Zai, J..
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Wufang Shangdi
The Wǔfāng Shàngdì (五方上帝 "Five Forms of the Highest Deity"), or simply Wǔdì (五帝 "Five Deities") or Wǔshén (五神 "Five Gods") are, in Chinese canonical texts and common Chinese religion, the fivefold manifestation of the supreme God of Heaven (天 Tiān).
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Xian (Taoism)
Xian is a Chinese word for an enlightened person, translatable in English as.
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Xiantiandao
The Xiantiandao (or "Way of the Primordial"; Vietnamese: Tiên Thiên Đạo, Japanese: Sentendō), also simply Tiandao (Vietnamese: Thiên Đạo, Japanese: Tendō) is one of the most productive currents of Chinese folk religious sects, characterised by representing the principle of divinity as feminine and by a concern for salvation (moral completion) of mankind.
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Xinzhong Yao
Professor Yao Xinzhong (born 1957) is Dean of the School of Philosophy at Renmin University of China in Beijing, as well as author and editor of the Encyclopaedia of Confucianism.
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Xiong Shili
Xiong Shili (1885 – May 23, 1968) was a modern Chinese philosopher whose major work A New Treatise on Consciousness-only (新唯識論, Xin Weishi Lun) is a Confucian critique of the Buddhist "consciousness-only" theory popularized in China by the Tang-dynasty pilgrim Xuanzang.
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Xu Shen
Xu Shen (CE) was a Chinese scholar-official and philologist of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-189).
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Xunzi (book)
The Xunzi is an ancient Chinese collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xun Kuang, a 3rd century BC philosopher usually associated with the Confucian tradition.
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Yan Huang Zisun
Yan Huang Zisun is a term that represents the Chinese people and refers to a ethnocultural identity based on a common ancestry associated with a mythological origin.
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Yellow Emperor
The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch, the Yellow God or the Yellow Lord, or simply by his Chinese name Huangdi, is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the legendary Chinese sovereigns and culture heroes included among the mytho-historical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and cosmological Five Forms of the Highest Deity (五方上帝 Wǔfāng Shàngdì).
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Yellow River Map
The Yellow River Map, Scheme, or Diagram (河圖, with variants for the second character) is an ancient Chinese concept.
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Yin and yang
In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (and; 陽 yīnyáng, lit. "dark-bright", "negative-positive") describes how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another.
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Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.
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Zeta Ursae Majoris
Mizar is a 2nd magnitude star in the handle of the Big Dipper asterism in the constellation of Ursa Major.
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Zhenren
Zhenren is a Chinese term that first appeared in the Zhuangzi meaning "Daoist spiritual master", roughly translatable as "Perfected Person".
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Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.
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Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), also known by his courtesy name Yuanhui (or Zhonghui), and self-titled Hui'an, was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty.
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Zhuangzi (book)
The Zhuangzi (Mandarin:; historically romanized Chuang-tzu) is an ancient Chinese text from the late Warring States period (476221) which contains stories and anecdotes that exemplify the carefree nature of the ideal Daoist sage.
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Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism, or more natively Mazdayasna, is one of the world's oldest extant religions, which is monotheistic in having a single creator god, has dualistic cosmology in its concept of good and evil, and has an eschatology which predicts the ultimate destruction of evil.
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Celestial Bureaucracy, Celestial bureaucracy, Chinese concept of God, Chinese idea of God, Chinese theologies, Chinese traditional theology, Confucian theology, Heaven worship, Huangtian Shangdi, Immanent transcendence, Primordial Divinity (Tai Di), Primordial divinity (Tai Di), Qin-Han theology, Shang-Zhou theology, Supreme Divinity, Supreme Divinity (Tai Di), Tai Di, Taidi, Taoist theology, Tiandi, Tiandiren, Tianology, Tianxue, Traditional Chinese theology, Yellow God incarnation theology, Yellow God theology.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_theology
