Table of Contents
876 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Ablution in Christianity, Abrahamic religions, Academic degree, Acrostic, Acts of Supremacy, Adoptionism, Adventism, Affusion, Africa, African-initiated church, Agape feast, Age of Discovery, Age of Enlightenment, Agpeya, Alessandro Volta, Alexandria, Alexios I Komnenos, Allegory, Amen, American Political Science Association, Amish, Anabaptism, Anagoge, Ancient Church of the East, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek philosophy, Andreas Karlstadt, Anglican Communion, Anglican sacraments, Anglicanism, Aniconism in Christianity, Anno Domini, Annual cycle, Annuario Pontificio, Anointing, Anointing of the sick, Anti-clericalism, Antioch, Antoninus Pius, Apocalypse, Apostles' Creed, Apostolic Christian Church, Apostolic succession, Apostolic Tradition, Apprehension (understanding), Arab Christians, Arabic, Arabs, Aramaic, ... Expand index (826 more) »
- 1st-century establishments
- 1st-century introductions
- Abrahamic religions
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Christianity and Abbasid Caliphate
Ablution in Christianity
In Christianity, ablution is a prescribed washing of part or all of the body or possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication.
See Christianity and Ablution in Christianity
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well). Christianity and Abrahamic religions are monotheistic religions and western culture.
See Christianity and Abrahamic religions
Academic degree
An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university.
See Christianity and Academic degree
Acrostic
An acrostic is a poem or other word composition in which the first letter (or syllable, or word) of each new line (or paragraph, or other recurring feature in the text) spells out a word, message or the alphabet.
Acts of Supremacy
The Acts of Supremacy are two acts passed by the Parliament of England in the 16th century that established the English monarchs as the head of the Church of England; two similar laws were passed by the Parliament of Ireland establishing the English monarchs as the head of the Church of Ireland.
See Christianity and Acts of Supremacy
Adoptionism
Adoptionism, also called dynamic monarchianism, is an early Christian nontrinitarian theological doctrine, subsequently revived in various forms, which holds that Jesus was adopted as the Son of God at his baptism, his resurrection, or his ascension.
See Christianity and Adoptionism
Adventism
Adventism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that believes in the imminent Second Coming (or the "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ.
See Christianity and Adventism
Affusion
Affusion (la. affusio) is a method of baptism where water is poured on the head of the person being baptized.
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
African-initiated church
An African-initiated church (AIC) is a Christian church independently started in Africa by Africans rather than chiefly by missionaries from another continent.
See Christianity and African-initiated church
Agape feast
An agape feast or lovefeast (also spelled love feast or love-feast, sometimes capitalized) is a term used for various communal meals shared among Christians.
See Christianity and Agape feast
Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail. Christianity and Age of Discovery are western culture.
See Christianity and Age of Discovery
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries. Christianity and Age of Enlightenment are western culture.
See Christianity and Age of Enlightenment
Agpeya
The Agpeya (Coptic: Ϯⲁⲅⲡⲓⲁ, أجبية) is the Coptic Christian "Prayer Book of the Hours" or breviary, and is equivalent to the Shehimo in the Syriac Orthodox Church (another Oriental Orthodox Christian denomination), as well as the Byzantine Horologion and Roman Liturgy of the Hours used by the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, respectively.
Alessandro Volta
Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.
See Christianity and Alessandro Volta
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
See Christianity and Alexandria
Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos (Aléxios Komnēnós, c. 1057 – 15 August 1118), Latinized Alexius I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118.
See Christianity and Alexios I Komnenos
Allegory
As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.
Amen
Amen (אָמֵן,; ἀμήν,; ܐܡܝܢ,; آمين) is an Abrahamic declaration of affirmation which is first found in the Hebrew Bible, and subsequently found in the New Testament.
American Political Science Association
The American Political Science Association (APSA) is a professional association of political science students and scholars in the United States.
See Christianity and American Political Science Association
Amish
The Amish (Amisch; Amische), formally the Old Order Amish, are a group of traditionalist Anabaptist Christian church fellowships with Swiss and Alsatian origins.
Anabaptism
Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin anabaptista, from the Greek ἀναβαπτισμός: ἀνά 're-' and βαπτισμός 'baptism'; Täufer, earlier also Wiedertäufer)Since the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term Wiedertäufer (translation: "Re-baptizers"), considering it biased.
See Christianity and Anabaptism
Anagoge
Anagoge (ἀναγωγή), sometimes spelled anagogy, is a Greek word suggesting a climb or ascent upwards.
Ancient Church of the East
The Ancient Church of the East is an Eastern Christian denomination.
See Christianity and Ancient Church of the East
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
See Christianity and Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.
See Christianity and Ancient Greek philosophy
Andreas Karlstadt
Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt (148624 December 1541), better known as Andreas Karlstadt, Andreas Carlstadt or Karolostadt, in Latin, Carolstadius, or simply as Andreas Bodenstein, was a German Protestant theologian, University of Wittenberg chancellor, a contemporary of Martin Luther and a reformer of the early Reformation.
See Christianity and Andreas Karlstadt
Anglican Communion
The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
See Christianity and Anglican Communion
Anglican sacraments
In keeping with its prevailing self-identity as a via media or "middle path" of Western Christianity, Anglican sacramental theology expresses elements in keeping with its status as a church in the catholic tradition and a church of the Reformation.
See Christianity and Anglican sacraments
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.
See Christianity and Anglicanism
Aniconism in Christianity
Aniconism is the absence of material representations of the natural and supernatural world in various cultures.
See Christianity and Aniconism in Christianity
Anno Domini
The terms anno Domini. (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
See Christianity and Anno Domini
Annual cycle
An annual cycle refers to a set of changes or events that uniformly, or consistently, take place at the same time of year.
See Christianity and Annual cycle
Annuario Pontificio
The Annuario Pontificio (Italian for Pontifical Yearbook) is the annual directory of the Holy See of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Annuario Pontificio
Anointing
Anointing is the ritual act of pouring aromatic oil over a person's head or entire body.
See Christianity and Anointing
Anointing of the sick
Anointing of the sick, known also by other names such as unction, is a form of religious anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning) for the benefit of a sick person.
See Christianity and Anointing of the sick
Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.
See Christianity and Anti-clericalism
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.
Antoninus Pius
Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius (19 September AD 86 – 7 March 161) was Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161.
See Christianity and Antoninus Pius
Apocalypse
Apocalypse is a literary genre originating in Judaism in the centuries following the Babylonian exile (597-587 BCE) but persisting in Christianity and Islam.
See Christianity and Apocalypse
Apostles' Creed
The Apostles' Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith".
See Christianity and Apostles' Creed
Apostolic Christian Church
The Apostolic Christian Church (ACC) is a worldwide Christian denomination from the Anabaptist tradition that practices credobaptism, closed communion, greeting other believers with a holy kiss, a capella worship in some branches (in others, singing is with piano), and the headcovering of women during services.
See Christianity and Apostolic Christian Church
Apostolic succession
Apostolic succession is the method whereby the ministry of the Christian Church is considered by some Christian denominations to be derived from the apostles by a continuous succession, which has usually been associated with a claim that the succession is through a series of bishops.
See Christianity and Apostolic succession
Apostolic Tradition
The Apostolic Tradition (or Egyptian Church Order) is an early Christian treatise which belongs to the genre of the ancient Church Orders.
See Christianity and Apostolic Tradition
Apprehension (understanding)
In psychology, apprehension (Lat. ad, "to"; prehendere, "to seize") is a term applied to a model of consciousness in which nothing is affirmed or denied of the object in question, but the mind is merely aware of ("seizes") it.
See Christianity and Apprehension (understanding)
Arab Christians
Arab Christians (translit) are ethnic Arabs, Arab nationals, or Arabic speakers, who follow Christianity.
See Christianity and Arab Christians
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
Cathedrals, collegiate churches, and monastic churches like those of abbeys and priories, often have certain complex structural forms that are found less often in parish churches.
See Christianity and Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.
See Christianity and Argentina
Arianism
Arianism (Ἀρειανισμός) is a Christological doctrine considered heretical by all modern mainstream branches of Christianity.
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Christianity and Armenian Apostolic Church
Arminianism
Arminianism is a movement of Protestantism initiated in the early 17th century, based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants.
See Christianity and Arminianism
Art of Europe
The art of Europe, also known as Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe. Christianity and art of Europe are western culture.
See Christianity and Art of Europe
Ascension of Jesus
The Ascension of Jesus (anglicized from the Vulgate lit) is the Christian belief, reflected in the major Christian creeds and confessional statements, that Jesus ascended to Heaven after his resurrection, where he was exalted as Lord and Christ, sitting at the right hand of God.
See Christianity and Ascension of Jesus
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
Asia–Pacific
The Asia–Pacific (APAC) is the region of the world adjoining the western Pacific Ocean.
See Christianity and Asia–Pacific
Aspersion
Aspersion (la.), in a religious context, is the act of sprinkling with water, especially holy water.
See Christianity and Aspersion
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Assyrian Church of the East
The Assyrian Church of the East (ACOE), sometimes called the Church of the East and officially known as the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East (HACACE), is an Eastern Christian church that follows the traditional Christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East.
See Christianity and Assyrian Church of the East
Assyrian people
Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.
See Christianity and Assyrian people
Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
The Assyrian diaspora (Syriac: ܓܠܘܬܐ, Galuta, "exile") refers to ethnic Assyrians living in communities outside their ancestral homeland.
See Christianity and Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
Athanasian Creed
The Athanasian Creed — also called the Pseudo-Athanasian Creed or Quicunque Vult (or Quicumque Vult), which is both its Latin name and its opening words, meaning "Whosoever wishes" — is a Christian statement of belief focused on Trinitarian doctrine and Christology.
See Christianity and Athanasian Creed
Athanasius of Alexandria
Athanasius I of Alexandria (– 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a Christian theologian and the 20th patriarch of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).
See Christianity and Athanasius of Alexandria
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Attila
Attila, frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death, in early 453.
Augustana Catholic Church
The Augustana Catholic Church (ACC), formerly the Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church (ALCC), Augustana Evangelical Catholic Church (AECC), and Evangelical Community Church-Lutheran (ECCL), is a High Church Lutheran or Evangelical Catholic denomination.
See Christianity and Augustana Catholic Church
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
See Christianity and Augustine of Hippo
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is the national broadcaster of Australia.
See Christianity and Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Autocephaly
Autocephaly (from αὐτοκεφαλία, meaning "property of being self-headed") is the status of a hierarchical Christian church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop.
See Christianity and Autocephaly
Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia.
See Christianity and Azerbaijan
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.
Balts
The Balts or Baltic peoples (baltai, balti) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages.
Baptism
Baptism (from immersion, dipping in water) is a Christian sacrament of initiation almost invariably with the use of water.
Baptism of Jesus
The baptism of Jesus, the ritual purification of Jesus with water by John the Baptist, was a major event described in the three synoptic Gospels of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark and Luke).
See Christianity and Baptism of Jesus
Baptismal regeneration
Baptismal regeneration is the name given to doctrines held by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican churches, and other Protestant denominations which maintain that salvation is intimately linked to the act of baptism, without necessarily holding that salvation is impossible apart from it.
See Christianity and Baptismal regeneration
Baptists
Baptists form a major branch of evangelicalism distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete immersion.
Baptists Together
Baptists Together, formally the Baptist Union of Great Britain, is a Baptist Christian denomination in England and Wales.
See Christianity and Baptists Together
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Believer's baptism
Believer's baptism or adult baptism (occasionally called credobaptism, from the Latin word credo meaning "I believe") is the practice of baptizing those who are able to make a conscious profession of faith, as contrasted to the practice of baptizing infants.
See Christianity and Believer's baptism
Benedict of Nursia
Benedict of Nursia (Benedictus Nursiae; Benedetto da Norcia; 2 March 480 – 21 March 547), often known as Saint Benedict, was an Italian Catholic monk.
See Christianity and Benedict of Nursia
Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British mathematician, logician, philosopher, and public intellectual.
See Christianity and Bertrand Russell
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
Bible prophecy
Bible prophecy or biblical prophecy comprises the passages of the Bible that are claimed to reflect communications from God to humans through prophets.
See Christianity and Bible prophecy
Bible translations into English
Partial Bible translations into languages of the English people can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English.
See Christianity and Bible translations into English
Biblical apocrypha
The biblical apocrypha denotes the collection of apocryphal ancient books thought to have been written some time between 200 BC and 100 AD.
See Christianity and Biblical apocrypha
Biblical Aramaic
Biblical Aramaic is the form of Aramaic that is used in the books of Daniel and Ezra in the Hebrew Bible.
See Christianity and Biblical Aramaic
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
See Christianity and Biblical Hebrew
Biblical hermeneutics
Biblical hermeneutics is the study of the principles of interpretation concerning the books of the Bible.
See Christianity and Biblical hermeneutics
Biblical inerrancy
Biblical inerrancy is the belief that the Bible "is without error or fault in all its teaching"; or, at least, that "Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact".
See Christianity and Biblical inerrancy
Biblical infallibility
Biblical infallibility is the belief that what the Bible says regarding matters of faith and Christian practice is wholly useful and true.
See Christianity and Biblical infallibility
Biblical inspiration
Biblical inspiration is the doctrine in Christian theology that the human writers and canonizers of the Bible were led by God with the result that their writings may be designated in some sense the word of God.
See Christianity and Biblical inspiration
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
Bloomsbury Publishing
Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.
See Christianity and Bloomsbury Publishing
Book of Common Prayer
The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) is the name given to a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion and by other Christian churches historically related to Anglicanism.
See Christianity and Book of Common Prayer
Born again
To be born again, or to experience the new birth, is a phrase, particularly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit.
See Christianity and Born again
Branch theory
Branch theory is an ecclesiological proposition that the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church includes various different Christian denominations whether in formal communion or not.
See Christianity and Branch theory
Bruderhof Communities
The ('place of brothers') is a communal Anabaptist Christian movement that was founded in Germany in 1920 by Eberhard Arnold.
See Christianity and Bruderhof Communities
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs (DRL) is a bureau within the United States Department of State.
See Christianity and Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Byzantine art
Byzantine art comprises the body of artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire.
See Christianity and Byzantine art
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Christianity and Byzantine Empire
Byzantium
Byzantium or Byzantion (Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Thracian settlement and later a Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and which is known as Istanbul today.
See Christianity and Byzantium
Calendar of saints
The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint.
See Christianity and Calendar of saints
Cambridge
Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.
See Christianity and Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Christianity and Cambridge University Press
Canon law
Canon law (from κανών, kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
See Christianity and Canon law
Canon law of the Catholic Church
The canon law of the Catholic Church is "how the Church organizes and governs herself".
See Christianity and Canon law of the Catholic Church
Canonical hours
In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of fixed times of prayer at regular intervals.
See Christianity and Canonical hours
Caribbean
The Caribbean (el Caribe; les Caraïbes; de Caraïben) is a subregion of the Americas that includes the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some of which border both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; the nearby coastal areas on the mainland are sometimes also included in the region.
See Christianity and Caribbean
Carolingian dynasty
The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.
See Christianity and Carolingian dynasty
Carolingian Renaissance
The Carolingian Renaissance was the first of three medieval renaissances, a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire.
See Christianity and Carolingian Renaissance
Carthage
Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia.
Catechesis
Catechesis (from Greek: κατήχησις, "instruction by word of mouth", generally "instruction") is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book.
See Christianity and Catechesis
Catechism of the Catholic Church
The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a reference work that summarizes the Catholic Church's doctrine.
See Christianity and Catechism of the Catholic Church
Catharism
Catharism (from the katharoí, "the pure ones") was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries.
See Christianity and Catharism
Cathedral school
Cathedral schools began in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education, some of them ultimately evolving into medieval universities.
See Christianity and Cathedral school
Catholic (term)
The word catholic (derived via Late Latin catholicus, from the ancient Greek adjective καθολικός) comes from the Greek phrase καθόλου, and is a combination of the Greek words κατά and ὅλος.
See Christianity and Catholic (term)
Catholic Apostolic Church
The Catholic Apostolic Church (CAC), also known as the Irvingian Church or Irvingite Church, is a denomination in the Restorationist branch of Christianity.
See Christianity and Catholic Apostolic Church
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Christianity and Catholic Church
Catholic Church by country
The Catholic Church is "the Catholic Communion of Churches, both Roman and Eastern, or Oriental, that are in full communion with the Bishop of Rome (the pope)." The church is also known by members as the People of God, the Body of Christ, the "Temple of the Holy Spirit", among other names.
See Christianity and Catholic Church by country
Catholic Church in Venezuela
The Catholic Church in Venezuela is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
See Christianity and Catholic Church in Venezuela
Catholic Encyclopedia
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States designed to serve the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Catholic Encyclopedia
Catholic higher education
Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes.
See Christianity and Catholic higher education
Catholic liturgy
Catholic liturgy means the whole complex of official liturgical worship, including all the rites, ceremonies, prayers, and sacraments of the Church, as opposed to private devotions.
See Christianity and Catholic liturgy
Catholic missions
Missionary work of the Catholic Church has often been undertaken outside the geographically defined parishes and dioceses by religious orders who have people and material resources to spare, and some of which specialized in missions.
See Christianity and Catholic missions
Catholic school
Catholic schools are parochial pre-primary, primary and secondary educational institutions administered in association with the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Catholic school
Catholic social teaching
Catholic social teaching (CST) is an area of Catholic doctrine which is concerned with human dignity and the common good in society.
See Christianity and Catholic social teaching
Catholic theology
Catholic theology is the understanding of Catholic doctrine or teachings, and results from the studies of theologians.
See Christianity and Catholic theology
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.
Celsus
Celsus (Κέλσος, Kélsos) was a 2nd-century Greek philosopher and opponent of early Christianity.
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
See Christianity and Central Asia
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.
See Christianity and Central Europe
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Christianity and Central Intelligence Agency
Chalcedonian Definition
The Chalcedonian Definition (also called the Chalcedonian Creed or the Definition of Chalcedon) is the declaration of the dyophysitism of Christ's nature, adopted at the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451.
See Christianity and Chalcedonian Definition
Chaldean Catholic Church
The Chaldean Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church (sui iuris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church, and is headed by the Chaldean Patriarchate.
See Christianity and Chaldean Catholic Church
Chaldean Syrian Church
The Chaldean Syrian Church of India (Classical Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܖ̈ܝܐ; Malayalam: / Kaldaya Suriyani Sabha) is an Eastern Christian denomination, based in Thrissur, in India.
See Christianity and Chaldean Syrian Church
Charismatic movement
The charismatic movement in Christianity is a movement within established or mainstream Christian denominations to adopt beliefs and practices of Charismatic Christianity, with an emphasis on baptism with the Holy Spirit, and the use of spiritual gifts (charismata).
See Christianity and Charismatic movement
Charles Spurgeon
Charles Haddon Spurgeon (19 June 1834 – 31 January 1892) was an English Particular Baptist preacher.
See Christianity and Charles Spurgeon
Chi Rho
The Chi Rho (☧, English pronunciation; also known as chrismon) is one of the earliest forms of the Christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters—chi and rho (ΧΡ)—of the Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (rom: Christos) in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi.
Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy
The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy is a written statement of belief formulated by more than 200 evangelical leaders at a conference convened by the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy and held in Chicago in October 1978.
See Christianity and Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy
Chrismation
Chrismation consists of the sacrament or mystery in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches, as well as in the Assyrian Church of the East initiation rites.
See Christianity and Chrismation
Christ the Redeemer (statue)
Christ the Redeemer (Cristo Redentor, standard) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French-Polish sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.
See Christianity and Christ the Redeemer (statue)
Christadelphians
The Christadelphians are a restorationist and nontrinitarian Christian denomination.
See Christianity and Christadelphians
Christendom
Christendom refers to Christian states, Christian-majority countries or countries in which Christianity is dominant or prevails. Christianity and Christendom are western culture.
See Christianity and Christendom
Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.
See Christianity and Christian apologetics
Christian art
Christian art is sacred art which uses subjects, themes, and imagery from Christianity.
See Christianity and Christian art
Christian atheism
Christian atheism is an ideology that embraces the teachings, narratives, symbols, practices, or communities associated with Christianity without accepting the literal existence of God.
See Christianity and Christian atheism
Christian burial
A Christian burial is the burial of a deceased person with specifically Christian rites; typically, in consecrated ground.
See Christianity and Christian burial
Christian Church
In ecclesiology, the Christian Church is what different Christian denominations conceive of as being the true body of Christians or the original institution established by Jesus Christ.
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Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States and Canada.
See Christianity and Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Christian churches and churches of Christ
The group of churches known as the Christian Churches and Churches of Christ is a fellowship of congregations within the Restoration Movement (also known as the Stone-Campbell Movement and the Reformation of the 19th Century) that have no formal denominational affiliation with other congregations, but still share many characteristics of belief and worship.
See Christianity and Christian churches and churches of Christ
Christian denomination
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity that comprises all church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, particular history, organization, leadership, theological doctrine, worship style and, sometimes, a founder.
See Christianity and Christian denomination
Christian emigration
The phenomenon of large-scale migration of Christians is the main reason why Christians' share of the population has been declining in many countries.
See Christianity and Christian emigration
Christian eschatology
Christian eschatology is a minor branch of study within Christian theology which deals with the doctrine of the "last things", especially the Second Coming of Christ, or Parousia.
See Christianity and Christian eschatology
Christian ethics
Christian ethics, also known as moral theology, is a multi-faceted ethical system.
See Christianity and Christian ethics
Christian Flag
The Christian Flag is an ecumenical flag designed in the late 19th century to represent much of Christianity and Christendom.
See Christianity and Christian Flag
Christian literature
Christian literature is the literary aspect of Christian media, and it constitutes a huge body of extremely varied writing.
See Christianity and Christian literature
Christian liturgy
Christian liturgy is a pattern for worship used (whether recommended or prescribed) by a Christian congregation or denomination on a regular basis.
See Christianity and Christian liturgy
Christian mission
A Christian mission is an organized effort to carry on evangelism or other activities, such as educational or hospital work, in the name of the Christian faith.
See Christianity and Christian mission
Christian mortalism
Christian mortalism is the Christian belief that the human soul is not naturally immortal and may include the belief that the soul is "sleeping" after death until the Resurrection of the Dead and the Last Judgment, a time known as the intermediate state.
See Christianity and Christian mortalism
Christian music
Christian music is music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith.
See Christianity and Christian music
Christian mysticism
Christian mysticism is the tradition of mystical practices and mystical theology within Christianity which "concerns the preparation for, the consciousness of, and the effect of a direct and transformative presence of God" or divine love.
See Christianity and Christian mysticism
Christian mythology
Christian mythology is the body of myths associated with Christianity.
See Christianity and Christian mythology
Christian nationalism
Christian nationalism is a form of religious nationalism that is affiliated with Christianity.
See Christianity and Christian nationalism
Christian pacifism
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith.
See Christianity and Christian pacifism
Christian philosophy
Christian philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Christians, or in relation to the religion of Christianity.
See Christianity and Christian philosophy
Christian pilgrimage
Christianity has a strong tradition of pilgrimages, both to sites relevant to the New Testament narrative (especially in the Holy Land) and to sites associated with later saints or miracles.
See Christianity and Christian pilgrimage
Christian prayer
Christian prayer is an important activity in Christianity, and there are several different forms used for this practice.
See Christianity and Christian prayer
Christian Quarter
The Christian Quarter (translit; translit) is one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem, the other three being the Jewish Quarter, the Muslim Quarter and the Armenian Quarter.
See Christianity and Christian Quarter
Christian views on marriage
From the earliest days of the Christian faith, Christians have viewed marriage as a divinely blessed, lifelong, monogamous union between a man and a woman.
See Christianity and Christian views on marriage
Christian views on sin
In Christianity, sin is an immoral act and transgression of divine law.
See Christianity and Christian views on sin
Christianity among the Mongols
In modern times the Mongols are primarily Tibetan Buddhists, but in previous eras, especially during the time of the Mongol empire (13th–14th centuries), they were primarily shamanist, and had a substantial minority of Christians, many of whom were in positions of considerable power.
See Christianity and Christianity among the Mongols
Christianity and Islam
Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with 2.8 billion and 1.9 billion adherents, respectively.
See Christianity and Christianity and Islam
Christianity and Judaism
Christianity began as a movement within Second Temple Judaism, but the two religions gradually diverged over the first few centuries of the Christian era.
See Christianity and Christianity and Judaism
Christianity and politics
The relationship between Christianity and politics is a historically complex subject and a frequent source of disagreement throughout the history of Christianity, as well as in modern politics between the Christian right and Christian left.
See Christianity and Christianity and politics
Christianity by country
As of the year 2023, Christianity had approximately 2.4 billion adherents and is the largest religion by population.
See Christianity and Christianity by country
Christianity in Africa
Christianity in Africa arrived in Africa in the 1st century AD, and in the 21st century the majority of Africans are Christians.
See Christianity and Christianity in Africa
Christianity in Asia
Christianity in Asia has its roots in the very inception of Christianity, which originated from the life and teachings of Jesus in 1st-century Roman Judea.
See Christianity and Christianity in Asia
Christianity in Australia
Christianity is the largest religion in Australia, with a total of 43.9% of the nation-wide population identifying with a Christian denomination in the 2021 census.
See Christianity and Christianity in Australia
Christianity in Europe
Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe.
See Christianity and Christianity in Europe
Christianity in Indonesia
Christianity is Indonesia's second-largest religion, after Islam.
See Christianity and Christianity in Indonesia
Christianity in Japan
Christianity in Japan is among the nation's minority religions in terms of individuals who state an explicit affiliation or faith.
See Christianity and Christianity in Japan
Christianity in Singapore
Christians in Singapore constitute 19% of the country's resident population, as of the most recent census conducted in 2020.
See Christianity and Christianity in Singapore
Christianity in Sudan
Christianity in Sudan has a long and rich history, dating back to the early centuries of the Christian era.
See Christianity and Christianity in Sudan
Christianity in the 1st century
Christianity in the 1st century covers the formative history of Christianity from the start of the ministry of Jesus (–29 AD) to the death of the last of the Twelve Apostles and is thus also known as the Apostolic Age.
See Christianity and Christianity in the 1st century
Christianity in the Middle East
Christianity, which originated in the Middle East during the 1st century AD, is a significant minority religion within the region, characterized by the diversity of its beliefs and traditions, compared to Christianity in other parts of the Old World.
See Christianity and Christianity in the Middle East
Christianity Today
Christianity Today is an evangelical Christian media magazine founded in 1956 by Billy Graham.
See Christianity and Christianity Today
Christianization
Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity.
See Christianity and Christianization
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
See Christianity and Christians
Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.
See Christianity and Christmas
Christology
In Christianity, Christology is a branch of theology that concerns Jesus.
See Christianity and Christology
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
See Christianity and Christopher Columbus
Church (congregation)
A church (or local church) is a religious organization or congregation that meets in a particular location.
See Christianity and Church (congregation)
Church music
Church music is Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.
See Christianity and Church music
Church of Alexandria
The Church of Alexandria in Egypt was the Christian Church headed by the patriarch of Alexandria.
See Christianity and Church of Alexandria
Church of England
The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies.
See Christianity and Church of England
Church of South India
The Church of South India (CSI) is a united Protestant Church in India.
See Christianity and Church of South India
Church of the East in China
The Church of the East (also known as the Nestorian Church) historically had a presence in China during two periods: first from the 7th through the 10th century in the Tang dynasty, when it was known as Jingjiao (l), and later during the Yuan dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries, when it was described alongside other foreign religions like Catholicism and possibly Manichaeism as Yelikewen jiao (p).
See Christianity and Church of the East in China
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, also known as the Church of the Resurrection, is a fourth-century church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
See Christianity and Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Church service
A church service (or a service of worship) is a formalized period of Christian communal worship, often held in a church building.
See Christianity and Church service
Churches of Christ
The Churches of Christ, also commonly known as the Church of Christ, is a loose association of autonomous Christian congregations located around the world.
See Christianity and Churches of Christ
Circumcision
Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis.
See Christianity and Circumcision
Cistercians
The Cistercians, officially the Order of Cistercians ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contributions of the highly-influential Bernard of Clairvaux, known as the Latin Rule.
See Christianity and Cistercians
Clement of Alexandria
Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria (Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; –), was a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria.
See Christianity and Clement of Alexandria
Clergy
Clergy are formal leaders within established religions.
Closed communion
Closed communion is the practice of restricting the serving of the elements of Holy Communion (also called Eucharist, The Lord's Supper) to those who are members in good standing of a particular church, denomination, sect, or congregation.
See Christianity and Closed communion
Cluny Abbey
Cluny Abbey (formerly also Cluni or Clugny) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France.
See Christianity and Cluny Abbey
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
See Christianity and Colonialism
Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and, in the last edition, sold by the Gale Group.
See Christianity and Columbia Encyclopedia
Commendation ceremony
A commendation ceremony (commendatio) is a formal ceremony that evolved during the Early Medieval period to create a bond between a lord and his fighting man, called his vassal.
See Christianity and Commendation ceremony
Communion of saints
The communion of saints (Latin: commūniō sānctōrum, Ancient Greek: κοινωνίᾱ τῶν Ἁγῐ́ων, koinōníā tôn Hagíōn), when referred to persons, is the spiritual union of the members of the Christian Church, living and the dead, but excluding the damned.
See Christianity and Communion of saints
Confession (religion)
Confession, in many religions, is the acknowledgment of sinful thoughts and actions.
See Christianity and Confession (religion)
Confessional Lutheranism
Confessional Lutheranism is a name used by Lutherans to designate those who believe in the doctrines taught in the Book of Concord of 1580 (the Lutheran confessional documents) in their entirety.
See Christianity and Confessional Lutheranism
Confessionalism (religion)
In Christianity, confessionalism is a belief in the importance of full and unambiguous assent to the whole of a movement's or denomination's teachings, such as those found in Confessions of Faith, which followers believe to be accurate summaries of the teachings found in Scripture and to show their distinction from other groups - they hold to the Quia form of confessional subscription.
See Christianity and Confessionalism (religion)
Confirmation
In Christian denominations that practice infant baptism, confirmation is seen as the sealing of the covenant created in baptism.
See Christianity and Confirmation
Congregationalism
Congregationalism (also Congregationalist churches or Congregational churches) is a Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestant Christianity in which churches practice congregational government.
See Christianity and Congregationalism
Consecrated life
Consecrated life (also known as religious life) is a state of life in the Catholic Church lived by those faithful who are called to follow Jesus Christ in a more exacting way.
See Christianity and Consecrated life
Constantine the Great
Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.
See Christianity and Constantine the Great
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
See Christianity and Constantinople
Consubstantiality
Consubstantiality, a term derived from consubstantialitas., denotes identity of substance or essence in spite of difference in aspect.
See Christianity and Consubstantiality
Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a defined genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship.
See Christianity and Contemporary worship music
Continental Reformed Protestantism
Continental Reformed Protestantism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that traces its origin in the continental Europe.
See Christianity and Continental Reformed Protestantism
Contra Celsum
Against Celsus (Greek: Κατὰ Κέλσου, Kata Kelsou; Latin: Contra Celsum), preserved entirely in Greek, is a major apologetics work by the Church Father Origen of Alexandria, written in around 248 AD, countering the writings of Celsus, a pagan philosopher and controversialist who had written a scathing attack on Christianity in his treatise ''The True'' ''Word'' (Λόγος Ἀληθής, Logos Alēthēs).
See Christianity and Contra Celsum
Conversion to Christianity
Conversion to Christianity is the religious conversion of a previously non-Christian person that brings about changes in what sociologists refer to as the convert's "root reality" including their social behaviors, thinking and ethics.
See Christianity and Conversion to Christianity
Coptic Orthodox Church
The Coptic Orthodox Church (lit), also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt.
See Christianity and Coptic Orthodox Church
Copts
Copts (niremənkhēmi; al-qibṭ) are a Christian ethnoreligious group indigenous to North Africa who have primarily inhabited the area of modern Egypt since antiquity.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in the Central American region of North America.
See Christianity and Costa Rica
Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon (Concilium Chalcedonense) was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
See Christianity and Council of Chalcedon
Council of Ephesus
The Council of Ephesus was a council of Christian bishops convened in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey) in AD 431 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius II.
See Christianity and Council of Ephesus
Council of Florence
The Council of Florence is the seventeenth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held between 1431 and 1449.
See Christianity and Council of Florence
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent (Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Council of Trent
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time.
See Christianity and Counter-Reformation
Creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, originated with supernatural acts of divine creation.
See Christianity and Creationism
Creator deity
A creator deity or creator god is a deity responsible for the creation of the Earth, world, and universe in human religion and mythology.
See Christianity and Creator deity
Creed
A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) in a form which is structured by subjects which summarize its core tenets.
Crossing the Red Sea
The Crossing of the Red Sea or Parting of the Red Sea (Kriat Yam Suph, lit. "parting of the sea of reeds") is an episode in the origin myth of The Exodus in the Hebrew Bible.
See Christianity and Crossing the Red Sea
Crucifix
A crucifix (from the Latin cruci fixus meaning '(one) fixed to a cross') is a cross with an image of Jesus on it, as distinct from a bare cross.
Crucifixion
Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death.
See Christianity and Crucifixion
Crucifixion of Jesus
The crucifixion of Jesus occurred in 1st-century Judaea, most likely in AD 30 or AD 33.
See Christianity and Crucifixion of Jesus
Cultural Christians
Cultural Christians are the nonreligious or non-practicing Christians who received Christian values and appreciate Christian culture. Christianity and Cultural Christians are western culture.
See Christianity and Cultural Christians
Cultural literacy
Cultural literacy is a term coined by American educator and literary critic E. D. Hirsch, referring to the ability to understand and participate fluently in a given culture.
See Christianity and Cultural literacy
Cyprian
Cyprian (Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus; ca. 210 to 14 September 258 ADThe Liturgy of the Hours according to the Roman Rite: Vol. IV. New York: Catholic Book Publishing Company, 1975. p. 1406.) was a bishop of Carthage and an early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant.
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
See Christianity and Czech Republic
Danish Realm
The Danish Realm, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, or simply Denmark, is a sovereign state and refers to the area over which the monarch of Denmark is head of state.
See Christianity and Danish Realm
David Bentley Hart
David Bentley Hart (born February 1965) is an American writer, fiction author, philosopher, religious studies scholar, critic, and theologian.
See Christianity and David Bentley Hart
Deacon
A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions.
Dean C. Jessee
Dean Cornell Jessee (born 1929) is a historian of the early Latter Day Saint movement and leading expert on the writings of Joseph Smith Jr.
See Christianity and Dean C. Jessee
Debate
Debate is a process that involves formal discourse, discussion, and oral addresses on a particular topic or collection of topics, often with a moderator and an audience.
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
The aim of a number of separate policies conducted by various governments of France during the French Revolution ranged from the appropriation by the government of the great landed estates and the large amounts of money held by the Catholic Church to the termination of Christian religious practice and of the religion itself.
See Christianity and Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
Decius
Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius (201June 251), known as Trajan Decius or simply Decius, was Roman emperor from 249 to 251.
Deuterocanonical books
The deuterocanonical books, meaning "Of, pertaining to, or constituting a second canon," collectively known as the Deuterocanon (DC), are certain books and passages considered to be canonical books of the Old Testament by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches and the Assyrian Church of the East, but which modern Jews and many Protestants regard as Apocrypha.
See Christianity and Deuterocanonical books
Dhimmi
(ذمي,, collectively أهل الذمة / "the people of the covenant") or (معاهد) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection.
Diarmaid MacCulloch
Diarmaid Ninian John MacCulloch (born 31 October 1951) is an English academic and historian, specialising in ecclesiastical history and the history of Christianity.
See Christianity and Diarmaid MacCulloch
Diaspora
A diaspora is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin.
Didache
The Didache, also known as The Lord's Teaching Through the Twelve Apostles to the Nations (Didachḕ Kyríou dià tō̂n dṓdeka apostólōn toîs éthnesin), is a brief anonymous early Christian treatise (ancient church order) written in Koine Greek, dated by modern scholars to the first or (less commonly) second century AD.
Diet of Worms
The Diet of Worms of 1521 (Reichstag zu Worms) was an imperial diet (a formal deliberative assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms.
See Christianity and Diet of Worms
Diocesan bishop
A diocesan bishop, within various Christian traditions, is a bishop or archbishop in pastoral charge of a diocese or archdiocese.
See Christianity and Diocesan bishop
Diocese of Rome
The Diocese of Rome (Dioecesis Urbis seu Romana; Diocesi di Roma), also called the Vicariate of Rome, is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church under the direct jurisdiction of the Pope, who is Bishop of Rome and hence the supreme pontiff and head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Diocese of Rome
Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
At the height of its power, in the 10th century AD, the dioceses of the Church of the East numbered well over a hundred and stretched from Egypt to China.
See Christianity and Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
Diocletianic Persecution
The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
See Christianity and Diocletianic Persecution
Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus.
See Christianity and Disciple (Christianity)
Dissolution of the monasteries
The dissolution of the monasteries, occasionally referred to as the suppression of the monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541, by which Henry VIII disbanded Catholic monasteries, priories, convents, and friaries in England, Wales, and Ireland; seized their wealth; disposed of their assets; and provided for their former personnel and functions.
See Christianity and Dissolution of the monasteries
Divine Liturgy
Divine Liturgy (Theia Leitourgia) or Holy Liturgy is the usual name used in most Eastern Christian rites for the Eucharistic service.
See Christianity and Divine Liturgy
Divine mercy
Divine mercy or God's mercy is an attribute of God in Christianity, in Judaism, and in Islam.
See Christianity and Divine mercy
Divinization (Christian)
In Christian theology, divinization ("divinization" may also refer to apotheosis, lit. "making divine"), or theopoesis or theosis, is the transforming effect of divine grace, the spirit of God, or the atonement of Christ.
See Christianity and Divinization (Christian)
Doctrine
Doctrine (from doctrina, meaning "teaching, instruction") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system.
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Prædicatorum; abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilian-French priest named Dominic de Guzmán.
See Christianity and Dominican Order
Douay–Rheims Bible
The Douay–Rheims Bible, also known as the Douay–Rheims Version, Rheims–Douai Bible or Douai Bible, and abbreviated as D–R, DRB, and DRV, is a translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English made by members of the English College, Douai, in the service of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Douay–Rheims Bible
Doukhobors
The Doukhobors (Canadian spelling) or Dukhobors (dukhobory, dukhobortsy) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin.
See Christianity and Doukhobors
Doves as symbols
Doves, typically domestic pigeons white in plumage, are used in many settings as symbols of peace, freedom, or love.
See Christianity and Doves as symbols
Dualism in cosmology
Dualism in cosmology or dualistic cosmology is the moral or spiritual belief that two fundamental concepts exist, which often oppose each other.
See Christianity and Dualism in cosmology
Dunkard Brethren Church
The Dunkard Brethren Church is a Conservative Anabaptist denomination of the Schwarzenau Brethren tradition, which organized in 1926 when they withdrew from the Church of the Brethren in the United States.
See Christianity and Dunkard Brethren Church
Early Christian art and architecture
Early Christian art and architecture (or Paleochristian art) is the art produced by Christians, or under Christian patronage, from the earliest period of Christianity to, depending on the definition, sometime between 260 and 525.
See Christianity and Early Christian art and architecture
East Asia
East Asia is a geographical and cultural region of Asia including the countries of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.
See Christianity and East Asia
East Syriac Rite
The East Syriac Rite, or East Syrian Rite (also called the Edessan Rite, Assyrian Rite, Persian Rite, Chaldean Rite, Nestorian Rite, Babylonian Rite or Syro-Oriental Rite), is an Eastern Christian liturgical rite that employs the Divine Liturgy of Saints Addai and Mari and utilizes the East Syriac dialect as its liturgical language.
See Christianity and East Syriac Rite
East–West Schism
The East–West Schism, also known as the Great Schism or the Schism of 1054, is the break of communion between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches since 1054. Christianity and East–West Schism are western culture.
See Christianity and East–West Schism
Easter
Easter, also called Pascha (Aramaic, Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary.
Eastern Aramaic languages
Eastern Aramaic refers to a group of dialects that evolved historically from the varieties of Aramaic spoken in the core territories of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq, southeastern Turkey and parts of northeastern Syria) and further expanded into northern Syria, eastern Arabia and northwestern Iran.
See Christianity and Eastern Aramaic languages
Eastern Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous (sui iuris) particular churches of the Catholic Church, in full communion with the Pope in Rome.
See Christianity and Eastern Catholic Churches
Eastern Christianity
Eastern Christianity comprises Christian traditions and church families that originally developed during classical and late antiquity in the Eastern Mediterranean region or locations further east, south or north.
See Christianity and Eastern Christianity
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Christianity and Eastern Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea.
See Christianity and Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.
See Christianity and Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox theology
Eastern Orthodox theology is the theology particular to the Eastern Orthodox Church.
See Christianity and Eastern Orthodox theology
Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
See Christianity and Eastern Orthodoxy
Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)
The Ecclesiastical History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ Ἱστορία, Ekklēsiastikḕ Historía; Historia Ecclesiastica), also known as The History of the Church and Church History, is a 4th-century chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century, composed by Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea.
See Christianity and Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)
Ecclesiastical polity
Ecclesiastical polity is the government of a church.
See Christianity and Ecclesiastical polity
Ecclesiology
In Christian theology, ecclesiology is the study of the Church, the origins of Christianity, its relationship to Jesus, its role in salvation, its polity, its discipline, its eschatology, and its leadership.
See Christianity and Ecclesiology
Ecumenical council
An ecumenical council, also called general council, is a meeting of bishops and other church authorities to consider and rule on questions of Christian doctrine, administration, discipline, and other matters in which those entitled to vote are convoked from the whole world (oikoumene) and which secures the approbation of the whole Church.
See Christianity and Ecumenical council
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople (translit) is the archbishop of Constantinople and primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that compose the Eastern Orthodox Church.
See Christianity and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Ecumenism
Ecumenism (alternatively spelled oecumenism)also called interdenominationalism, or ecumenicalismis the concept and principle that Christians who belong to different Christian denominations should work together to develop closer relationships among their churches and promote Christian unity.
See Christianity and Ecumenism
Edict of Expulsion
The Edict of Expulsion was a royal decree expelling all Jews from the Kingdom of England that was issued by Edward I 18 July 1290; it was the first time a European state is known to have permanently banned their presence.
See Christianity and Edict of Expulsion
Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan (Edictum Mediolanense; Διάταγμα τῶν Μεδιολάνων, Diatagma tōn Mediolanōn) was the February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire.
See Christianity and Edict of Milan
Edict of Serdica
The Edict of Serdica, also called Edict of Toleration by Galerius, was issued in 311 in Serdica (now Sofia, Bulgaria) by Roman Emperor Galerius.
See Christianity and Edict of Serdica
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Elijah
Elijah (ʾĒlīyyāhū, meaning "My God is Yahweh/YHWH"; Greek form: Elias /eːˈlias/) was a Jewish prophet and a miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab (9th century BC), according to the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Christianity and Encyclopædia Britannica
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
English Civil War
The English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651.
See Christianity and English Civil War
English Reformation
The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England was forced by its monarchs and elites to break away from the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and English Reformation
English Standard Version
The English Standard Version (ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English.
See Christianity and English Standard Version
Epiclesis
The epiclesis (also spelled epiklesis; from ἐπίκλησις) refers to the invocation of one or several gods.
See Christianity and Epiclesis
Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity is a hierarchical form of church governance ("ecclesiastical polity") in which the chief local authorities are called bishops.
See Christianity and Episcopal polity
Episcopal see
An episcopal see is, the area of a bishop's ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
See Christianity and Episcopal see
Epistle of James
The Epistle of James is a general epistle and one of the 21 epistles (didactic letters) in the New Testament.
See Christianity and Epistle of James
Eritrea
Eritrea (or; Ertra), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara.
Eschatology
Eschatology concerns expectations of the end of present age, human history, or the world itself.
See Christianity and Eschatology
Esoteric Christianity
Esoteric Christianity is a mystical approach to Christianity which features "secret traditions" that require an initiation to learn or understand.
See Christianity and Esoteric Christianity
Eternity
Eternity, in common parlance, is an infinite amount of time that never ends or the quality, condition or fact of being everlasting or eternal.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን, Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches.
See Christianity and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Eucharist
The Eucharist (from evcharistía), also known as Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament and the Lord's Supper, is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an ordinance in others.
See Christianity and Eucharist
Eucharist in the Catholic Church
Eucharist (thanksgiving) is the name that Catholic Christians give to the sacrament by which, according to their belief, the body and blood of Christ are present in the bread and wine consecrated during the Catholic eucharistic liturgy, generally known as the Mass.
See Christianity and Eucharist in the Catholic Church
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek Syro-Palestinian historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist.
Evangelical Catholic
The term Evangelical Catholic (from catholic meaning universal and evangelical meaning Gospel-centered) is used in Lutheranism, alongside the terms Augsburg Catholic or Augustana Catholic, with those calling themselves Evangelical Catholic Lutherans or Lutherans of Evangelical Catholic churchmanship stressing the catholicity of historic Lutheranism in liturgy (such as the Mass), beliefs (such as the perpetual virginity of Mary), practices (such as genuflection), and doctrines (such as apostolic succession).
See Christianity and Evangelical Catholic
Evangelical Christian Church in Canada
The Evangelical Christian Church (Christian Disciples) as an evangelical Protestant Canadian church body.
See Christianity and Evangelical Christian Church in Canada
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.
See Christianity and Evangelicalism
Evangelism
In Christianity, evangelism or witnessing is the act of preaching the gospel with the intention of sharing the message and teachings of Jesus Christ.
See Christianity and Evangelism
Exegesis
Exegesis (from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text.
Existence of God
The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion.
See Christianity and Existence of God
Extended family
An extended family is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same household.
See Christianity and Extended family
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.
See Christianity and Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Fasting
Fasting is abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.
Filioque
Filioque, a Latin term meaning "and from the Son", was added to the original Nicene Creed, and has been the subject of great controversy between Eastern and Western Christianity.
First Apology of Justin Martyr
The First Apology was an early work of Christian apologetics addressed by Justin Martyr to the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.
See Christianity and First Apology of Justin Martyr
First Council of Constantinople
The First Council of Constantinople (Concilium Constantinopolitanum; Σύνοδος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως) was a council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in AD 381 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
See Christianity and First Council of Constantinople
First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea (Sýnodos tês Nikaías) was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.
See Christianity and First Council of Nicaea
First Crusade
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.
See Christianity and First Crusade
First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
See Christianity and First Epistle to the Corinthians
First Great Awakening
The First Great Awakening, sometimes Great Awakening or the Evangelical Revival, was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its thirteen North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s.
See Christianity and First Great Awakening
First seven ecumenical councils
In the history of Christianity, the first seven ecumenical councils include the following: the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the First Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, the Third Council of Constantinople from 680 to 681 and finally, the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.
See Christianity and First seven ecumenical councils
First Vatican Council
The First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the First Vatican Council or Vatican I, was the 20th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, held three centuries after the preceding Council of Trent which was adjourned in 1563.
See Christianity and First Vatican Council
Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.
Foreign Secretary
The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, also known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.
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Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is the ministry of foreign affairs and a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Christianity and Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
Four Marks of the Church
The Four Marks of the Church, also known as the Attributes of the Church, describes four distinctive adjectives of traditional Christian ecclesiology as expressed in the Nicene Creed completed at the First Council of Constantinople in AD 381: " in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church." This ecumenical creed is today recited in the liturgies of the Roman Catholic Church (both Latin and Eastern Rites), the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, the Moravian Church, the Lutheran Churches, the Methodist Churches, the Presbyterian Churches, the Anglican Communion, and by members of the Reformed Churches, although they interpret it in very different ways, and some Protestants alter the word "Catholic" in the creed, replacing it with the word "Christian".
See Christianity and Four Marks of the Church
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.
See Christianity and Fourth Crusade
Francia
The Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), also known as the Frankish Kingdom, the Frankish Empire (Imperium Francorum) or Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.
Francis of Assisi
Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone (1181 – 3 October 1226), known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italian mystic, poet, and Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans.
See Christianity and Francis of Assisi
Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Franciscans
Free Methodist Church
The Free Methodist Church (FMC) is a Methodist Christian denomination within the holiness movement, based in the United States.
See Christianity and Free Methodist Church
Free will
Free will is the capacity or ability to choose between different possible courses of action.
See Christianity and Free will
French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.
See Christianity and French Wars of Religion
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers.
See Christianity and Friedrich Nietzsche
Frisia
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe.
Full communion
Full communion is a communion or relationship of full agreement among different Christian denominations or Christian individuals that share certain essential principles of Christian theology.
See Christianity and Full communion
G. K. Chesterton
Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was an English author, philosopher, Christian apologist, and literary and art critic.
See Christianity and G. K. Chesterton
Garden of Eden
In Abrahamic religions, the Garden of Eden (גַּן־עֵדֶן|gan-ʿĒḏen; Εδέμ; Paradisus) or Garden of God (גַּן־יְהֹוֶה|gan-YHWH|label.
See Christianity and Garden of Eden
Garry Wills
Garry Wills (born May 22, 1934) is an American author, journalist, political philosopher, and historian, specializing in American history, politics, and religion, especially the history of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Garry Wills
Gaul
Gaul (Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy.
Gentile
Gentile is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish.
Geoffrey Blainey
Geoffrey Norman Blainey, (born 11 March 1930) is an Australian historian, academic, best selling author and commentator.
See Christianity and Geoffrey Blainey
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
See Christianity and Georgia (country)
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Christianity and Germanic peoples
Global North and Global South
Global North and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to socioeconomics and politics.
See Christianity and Global North and Global South
Gnosticism
Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek:, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: ɣnostiˈkos, 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among Jewish and early Christian sects. Christianity and Gnosticism are 1st-century establishments and Abrahamic religions.
See Christianity and Gnosticism
God in Christianity
In Christianity, God is the eternal, supreme being who created and preserves all things.
See Christianity and God in Christianity
God in Judaism
In Judaism, God has been conceived in a variety of ways.
See Christianity and God in Judaism
God the Father
God the Father is a title given to God in Christianity.
See Christianity and God the Father
Godhead in Christianity
Godhead (or godhood) refers to the essence or substance (ousia) of God in Christianity — God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
See Christianity and Godhead in Christianity
Good Friday
Good Friday is a Christian holy day observing the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary.
See Christianity and Good Friday
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
See Christianity and Google Books
Gospel
Gospel (εὐαγγέλιον; evangelium) originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported.
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John (translit) is the fourth of the New Testament's four canonical gospels.
See Christianity and Gospel of John
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel of Luke tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus.
See Christianity and Gospel of Luke
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel of Mark is the second of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
See Christianity and Gospel of Mark
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
See Christianity and Gospel of Matthew
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas.
See Christianity and Gothic architecture
Gratian
Gratian (Gratianus; 18 April 359 – 25 August 383) was emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 367 to 383.
Great Apostasy
The Great Apostasy is a concept within Christianity to describe a perception that mainstream Christian Churches have fallen away from the original faith founded by Jesus and promulgated through his Twelve Apostles.
See Christianity and Great Apostasy
Great Commission
In Christianity, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples to spread the gospel to all the nations of the world.
See Christianity and Great Commission
Great Divergence
The Great Divergence or European miracle is the socioeconomic shift in which the Western world (i.e. Western Europe and the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilizations, eclipsing previously dominant or comparable civilizations from the Middle East and Asia such as Qing China, Mughal India, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Iran, and Tokugawa Japan, among others. Christianity and Great Divergence are western culture.
See Christianity and Great Divergence
Great Fire of Rome
The Great Fire of Rome (incendium magnum Romae) began on the 18th of July 64 AD.
See Christianity and Great Fire of Rome
Great Tribulation
In Christian eschatology, the Great Tribulation (thlîpsis megálē) is a period mentioned by Jesus in the Olivet Discourse as a sign that would occur in the time of the end.
See Christianity and Great Tribulation
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
Greek East and Latin West
Greek East and Latin West are terms used to distinguish between the two parts of the Greco-Roman world and of medieval Christendom, specifically the eastern regions where Greek was the lingua franca (Greece, Anatolia, the southern Balkans, the Levant, and Egypt) and the western parts where Latin filled this role (Italy, Gaul, Hispania, North Africa, the northern Balkans, territories in Central Europe, and the British Isles). Christianity and Greek East and Latin West are western culture.
See Christianity and Greek East and Latin West
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Christianity and Greek language
Greek scholars in the Renaissance
The migration waves of Byzantine Greek scholars and émigrés in the period following the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 is considered by many scholars key to the revival of Greek studies that led to the development of the Renaissance humanism and science.
See Christianity and Greek scholars in the Renaissance
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Christianity and Greenwood Publishing Group
Greg Bahnsen
Gregory Lyle Bahnsen (September 17, 1948 – December 11, 1995), credited in most of his books as Greg Bahnsen, was an American Calvinist philosopher and Christian apologist.
See Christianity and Greg Bahnsen
Gulf Cooperation Council
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخلیج العربية.), also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional, intergovernmental, political, and economic union comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
See Christianity and Gulf Cooperation Council
H. Richard Niebuhr
Helmut Richard Niebuhr (September 3, 1894 – July 5, 1962) is considered one of the most important Christian theological ethicists in 20th-century America, best known for his 1951 book Christ and Culture and his posthumously published book The Responsible Self.
See Christianity and H. Richard Niebuhr
Halo (religious iconography)
A halo (also called a nimbus, '''aureole''', glory, or gloriole (translation) is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in works of art. The halo occurs in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and has at various periods also been used in images of rulers and heroes.
See Christianity and Halo (religious iconography)
Harrowing of Hell
In Christian theology, the Harrowing of Hell (Descensus Christi ad Inferos, "the descent of Christ into Hell" or Hades) is the period of time between the Crucifixion of Jesus and his resurrection.
See Christianity and Harrowing of Hell
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
See Christianity and Hebrew Bible
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Christianity and Hebrew language
Hell
In religion and folklore, hell is a location or state in the afterlife in which souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as punishment after death.
Hellenistic Judaism
Hellenistic Judaism was a form of Judaism in classical antiquity that combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Hellenistic culture.
See Christianity and Hellenistic Judaism
Hellenistic religion
The concept of Hellenistic religion as the late form of Ancient Greek religion covers any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (300 BCE to 300 CE).
See Christianity and Hellenistic religion
Henry S. Bettenson
Henry Scowcroft Bettenson (1908, Bolton, Lancashire – 1979) was an English Classical scholar, translator and author.
See Christianity and Henry S. Bettenson
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547.
See Christianity and Henry VIII
Heresy
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization.
Hierarchy
A hierarchy (from Greek:, from, 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another.
See Christianity and Hierarchy
Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
The hierarchy of the Catholic Church consists of its bishops, priests, and deacons.
See Christianity and Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
High church
The term high church refers to beliefs and practices of Christian ecclesiology, liturgy, and theology that emphasize "ritual, priestly authority, sacraments".
See Christianity and High church
Hippolytus of Rome
Hippolytus of Rome (Romanized: Hippólytos, –) was a Bishop of Rome and one of the most important second–third centuries Christian theologians, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians.
See Christianity and Hippolytus of Rome
Historical Jesus
The term "historical Jesus" refers to the life and teachings of Jesus as interpreted through critical historical methods, in contrast to what are traditionally religious interpretations.
See Christianity and Historical Jesus
Historical-grammatical method
The historical-grammatical method is a modern Christian hermeneutical method that strives to discover the biblical authors' original intended meaning in the text.
See Christianity and Historical-grammatical method
History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
The history of Christian thought has included concepts of both inclusivity and exclusivity from its beginnings, that have been understood and applied differently in different ages, and have led to practices of both persecution and toleration.
See Christianity and History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
History of Christianity
The history of Christianity follows the Christian religion as it developed from its earliest beliefs and practices in the first-century, spread geographically in the Roman Empire and beyond, and became a global religion in the twenty-first century.
See Christianity and History of Christianity
Holy Land
The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. Christianity and Holy Land are Abrahamic religions.
See Christianity and Holy Land
Holy orders
In certain Christian denominations, holy orders are the ordained ministries of bishop, priest (presbyter), and deacon, and the sacrament or rite by which candidates are ordained to those orders.
See Christianity and Holy orders
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
See Christianity and Holy Roman Empire
Holy See
The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.
Holy Spirit
In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine force, quality and influence of God over the universe or his creatures.
See Christianity and Holy Spirit
Holy Week
Holy Week (lit) is the most sacred week in the liturgical year in Christianity.
See Christianity and Holy Week
Homily
A homily (from Greek ὁμιλία, homilía) is a commentary that follows a reading of scripture, giving the "public explanation of a sacred doctrine" or text.
House church
A house church or home church is a label used to describe a group of Christians who regularly gather for worship in private homes.
See Christianity and House church
Huldrych Zwingli
Huldrych or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system.
See Christianity and Huldrych Zwingli
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a Central European nation and an ethnic group native to Hungary and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former Kingdom of Hungary) who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language.
See Christianity and Hungarians
Hutterites
Hutterites (Hutterer), also called Hutterian Brethren (German), are a communal ethnoreligious branch of Anabaptists, who, like the Amish and Mennonites, trace their roots to the Radical Reformation of the early 16th century and have formed intentional communities.
See Christianity and Hutterites
Hymn
A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification.
Hypostatic union
Hypostatic union (from the Greek: ὑπόστασις hypóstasis, 'person, subsistence') is a technical term in Christian theology employed in mainstream Christology to describe the union of Christ's humanity and divinity in one hypostasis, or individual personhood.
See Christianity and Hypostatic union
Ian Bradley
Ian Campbell Bradley (born 28 May 1950) is a British academic, author and broadcaster.
See Christianity and Ian Bradley
Iceland
Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe.
Ichthys
The ichthys or ichthus, from the Greek (ἰχθύς, 1st cent. AD Koine Greek pronunciation:, "fish") is (in its modern rendition) a symbol consisting of two intersecting arcs, the ends of the right side extending beyond the meeting point so as to resemble the profile of a fish.
Iconoclasm
Iconoclasm (from Greek: label + label)From lit.
See Christianity and Iconoclasm
Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".
Idolatry
Idolatry is the worship of a cult image or "idol" as though it were a deity.
Iglesia ni Cristo
(abbreviated as INC;; Iglesia de Cristo) is an independent nontrinitarian Christian church, founded in 1913 and registered by Felix Y. Manalo in 1914 as a sole religious corporation of the Insular Government of the Philippines.
See Christianity and Iglesia ni Cristo
Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch (Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140 AD), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (the God-bearing), was an early Christian writer and Patriarch of Antioch.
See Christianity and Ignatius of Antioch
Immigration
Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents.
See Christianity and Immigration
Immortality
Immortality is the concept of eternal life.
See Christianity and Immortality
Incarnation (Christianity)
In Christian theology, the doctrine of incarnation teaches that the pre-existent divine person of Jesus Christ, God the Son, the second person of the Trinity, and the eternally begotten Logos (Koine Greek for "word"), took upon human nature and "was made flesh" by being conceived in the womb of a woman, the Virgin Mary, also known as the Theotokos (Greek for "God-bearer" or "Mother of God").
See Christianity and Incarnation (Christianity)
Independent Catholicism
Independent Catholicism is an independent sacramental movement of clergy and laity who self-identify as Catholic (most often as Old Catholic or as Independent Catholic) and form "micro-churches claiming apostolic succession and valid sacraments", in spite of not being affiliated to the historic Catholic church, the Roman Catholic church.
See Christianity and Independent Catholicism
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Christianity and Indian subcontinent
Indiana University
Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana.
See Christianity and Indiana University
Indulgence
In the teaching of the Catholic Church, an indulgence (from indulgeo, 'permit') is "a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for (forgiven) sins".
See Christianity and Indulgence
Infant baptism
Infant baptism (or paedobaptism) is the practice of baptizing infants or young children.
See Christianity and Infant baptism
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a judicial procedure and a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, apostasy, blasphemy, witchcraft, and customs considered deviant.
See Christianity and Inquisition
Intercession
Intercession or intercessory prayer is the act of praying to a deity on behalf of others, or asking a saint in heaven to pray on behalf of oneself or for others.
See Christianity and Intercession
Intercession of saints
Intercession of the Saints is a Christian doctrine that maintains that saints can intercede for others.
See Christianity and Intercession of saints
Interfaith dialogue
Interfaith dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious traditions (i.e. "faiths") and/or spiritual or humanistic beliefs, at both the individual and institutional levels.
See Christianity and Interfaith dialogue
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.
See Christianity and Internet Archive
InterVarsity Press
Founded in 1947, InterVarsity Press (IVP) is an American publisher of Christian books located in Lisle, Illinois.
See Christianity and InterVarsity Press
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq.
See Christianity and Iraqi Kurdistan
Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.
Irenaeus
Irenaeus (Eirēnaîos) was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heterodox or Gnostic interpretations of Scripture as heresy and defining proto-orthodoxy.
Irresistible grace
Irresistible grace (also called effectual grace, effectual calling, or efficacious grace) is a doctrine in Christian theology particularly associated with Calvinism, which teaches that the saving grace of God is effectually applied to those whom he has determined to save (the elect) and, in God's timing, overcomes their resistance to obeying the call of the gospel, bringing them to faith in Christ.
See Christianity and Irresistible grace
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.
See Christianity and Isaac Newton
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder. Christianity and Islam are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
Jacobus Arminius
Jacobus Arminius (Dutch: Jakob Hermanszoon; 10 October 1560 – 19 October 1609) was a Dutch Reformed minister and theologian during the Protestant Reformation period whose views became the basis of Arminianism and the Dutch Remonstrant movement.
See Christianity and Jacobus Arminius
James the Great
James the Great (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died AD 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus.
See Christianity and James the Great
James, brother of Jesus
James the Just, or a variation of James, brother of the Lord (Iacobus from יעקב, and Ἰάκωβος,, can also be Anglicized as "Jacob"), was a brother of Jesus, according to the New Testament.
See Christianity and James, brother of Jesus
Jürgen Moltmann
Jürgen Moltmann (8 April 1926 – 3 June 2024) was a German Reformed theologian who was a professor of systematic theology at the University of Tübingen and was known for his books such as the Theology of Hope, The Crucified God, God in Creation and other contributions to systematic theology.
See Christianity and Jürgen Moltmann
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.
See Christianity and Jehovah's Witnesses
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
See Christianity and Jerusalem
Jesus
Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
Jesus in Christianity
In Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God as chronicled in the Bible's New Testament, and in most Christian denominations He is held to be God the Son, a prosopon (Person) of the Trinity of God.
See Christianity and Jesus in Christianity
Jesus is Lord
"Jesus is Lord" (Greek: Κύριος Ἰησοῦς, Kýrios Iēsoûs) is the shortest credal affirmation found in the New Testament, one of several slightly more elaborate variations.
See Christianity and Jesus is Lord
Jesus Seminar
The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 50 biblical criticism scholars and 100 laymen founded in 1985 by Robert Funk that originated under the auspices of the Westar Institute.
See Christianity and Jesus Seminar
Jewish Christianity
Jewish Christians were the followers of a Jewish religious sect that emerged in Judea during the late Second Temple period (first century AD).
See Christianity and Jewish Christianity
Jewish deicide
Jewish deicide is the theological position, widely regarded as antisemitic, that the Jews as a people are collectively responsible for the killing of Jesus, even through the successive generations following his death.
See Christianity and Jewish deicide
Jewish principles of faith
Judaism does not centralize authority in any single individual or group.
See Christianity and Jewish principles of faith
Jewish–Christian gospels
The Jewish–Christian Gospels were gospels of a Jewish Christian character quoted by Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Eusebius, Epiphanius, Jerome and probably Didymus the Blind.
See Christianity and Jewish–Christian gospels
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.
See Christianity and Johannes Kepler
Johannes Oecolampadius
Johannes Oecolampadius (also Œcolampadius, in German also Oekolampadius, Oekolampad; 1482 – 24 November 1531) was a German Protestant reformer in the Calvinist tradition from the Electoral Palatinate.
See Christianity and Johannes Oecolampadius
John Bowker (theologian)
John Westerdale Bowker (born 30 July 1935) is an English Anglican priest and pioneering scholar of religious studies.
See Christianity and John Bowker (theologian)
John Calvin
John Calvin (Jehan Cauvin; Jean Calvin; 10 July 150927 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.
See Christianity and John Calvin
John Knox
John Knox (– 24 November 1572) was a Scottish minister, Reformed theologian, and writer who was a leader of the country's Reformation.
See Christianity and John Knox
John Lennox
John Carson Lennox (born 7 November 1943) is an English mathematician, bioethicist, and Christian apologist originally from Northern Ireland.
See Christianity and John Lennox
John McManners
John McManners (25 December 1916 – 4 November 2006) was a British clergyman and historian of religion who specialized in the history of the church and other aspects of religious life in 18th-century France.
See Christianity and John McManners
John Polkinghorne
John Charlton Polkinghorne (16 October 1930 – 9 March 2021) was an English theoretical physicist, theologian, and Anglican priest.
See Christianity and John Polkinghorne
John Wesley
John Wesley (2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism.
See Christianity and John Wesley
Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification
The Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (JDDJ) is a document created and agreed to by the Catholic Church's Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (PCPCU) and the Lutheran World Federation in 1999 as a result of Catholic–Lutheran dialogue.
See Christianity and Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification
Judaea (Roman province)
Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea.
See Christianity and Judaea (Roman province)
Julian (emperor)
Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus; Ἰουλιανός; 331 – 26 June 363) was the Caesar of the West from 355 to 360 and Roman emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.
See Christianity and Julian (emperor)
Justification (theology)
In Christian theology, justification is the event or process by which sinners are made or declared to be righteous in the sight of God.
See Christianity and Justification (theology)
Justin Martyr
Justin, known posthumously as Justin Martyr (Ioustinos ho martys), also known as Justin the Philosopher, was an early Christian apologist and philosopher.
See Christianity and Justin Martyr
Kashrut
(also or, כַּשְׁרוּת) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law.
Kerala
Kerala (/), called Keralam in Malayalam, is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.
King James Version
on the title-page of the first edition and in the entries in works like the "Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church", etc.--> The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I.
See Christianity and King James Version
Kingship and kingdom of God
The concept of the kingship of God appears in all Abrahamic religions, where in some cases the terms kingdom of God and kingdom of Heaven are also used.
See Christianity and Kingship and kingdom of God
Koinonia
Koinonia is a transliterated form of the Greek word κοινωνία, which refers to concepts such as fellowship, joint participation, partnership, the share which one has in anything, a gift jointly contributed, a collection, a contribution.
Kulturkampf
In the history of Germany, the Kulturkampf (Cultural Struggle) was the seven-year political conflict (1871–1878) between the Catholic Church in Germany, led by Pope Pius IX; and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by chancellor Otto von Bismarck.
See Christianity and Kulturkampf
La Luz del Mundo
The (English: "Church of the Living God, Pillar and Ground of the Truth, The Light of the World")or simply (LLDM)is a nontrinitarian Christian denomination in the Restorationist tradition, with international headquarters in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
See Christianity and La Luz del Mundo
Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland.
See Christianity and Lanham, Maryland
Last Judgment
The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (translit or label) is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the Frashokereti of Zoroastrianism.
See Christianity and Last Judgment
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location. Christianity and late antiquity are western culture.
See Christianity and Late antiquity
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Latin America
Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.
See Christianity and Latin America
Latter Day Saint movement
The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement, LDS restorationist movement, or Smith–Rigdon movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian Restorationist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s.
See Christianity and Latter Day Saint movement
Law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.
Law of Moses
The Law of Moses (תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה), also called the Mosaic Law, is the law said to have been revealed to Moses by God.
See Christianity and Law of Moses
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
Lectionary
A lectionary (lectionarium) is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion.
See Christianity and Lectionary
Leiden
Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.
Lent
Lent (Quadragesima, 'Fortieth') is the solemn Christian religious observance in the liturgical year commemorating the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring temptation by Satan, according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, before beginning his public ministry.
Letter case
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally majuscule) and smaller lowercase (or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.
See Christianity and Letter case
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.
Liberal Christianity
Liberal Christianity, also known as liberal theology and historically as Christian Modernism (see Catholic modernism and Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy), is a movement that interprets Christian teaching by taking into consideration modern knowledge, science and ethics.
See Christianity and Liberal Christianity
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
See Christianity and Liberalism
Life of Jesus
The life of Jesus is primarily outlined in the four canonical gospels, which includes his genealogy and nativity, public ministry, passion, prophecy, resurrection and ascension.
See Christianity and Life of Jesus
List of Catholic artists
This list of Catholic artists concerns artists known, at least in part, for their works of religious Catholic art.
See Christianity and List of Catholic artists
List of Catholic writers
The writers listed on this page should be limited to those who identify as Catholic in some way.
See Christianity and List of Catholic writers
List of Christian denominations
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organization and doctrine.
See Christianity and List of Christian denominations
List of Christians in science and technology
This is a list of Christians in science and technology.
See Christianity and List of Christians in science and technology
List of English Bible translations
The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Aramaic, Greek, and Hebrew.
See Christianity and List of English Bible translations
List of Gnostic texts
Gnosticism used a number of religious texts that are preserved, in part or whole, in ancient manuscripts, or lost but mentioned critically in Patristic writings.
See Christianity and List of Gnostic texts
List of national legal systems
The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, customary law, religious law or combinations of these.
See Christianity and List of national legal systems
List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia.
See Christianity and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
Lists of Christians
Christians have made many contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures, sports and business.
See Christianity and Lists of Christians
Liturgical year
The liturgical year, also called the church year, Christian year, ecclesiastical calendar, or kalendar, consists of the cycle of liturgical days and seasons that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of scripture are to be read.
See Christianity and Liturgical year
Liturgy
Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group.
Living Lutheran
Living Lutheran is the primary publication of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).
See Christianity and Living Lutheran
Livonia
Livonia or in earlier records Livland, is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
Logos (Christianity)
In Christianity, the Logos (lit) is a name or title of Jesus Christ, seen as the pre-existent second person of the Trinity.
See Christianity and Logos (Christianity)
London
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.
Lord Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast.
See Christianity and Lord Kelvin
Lord's Prayer
The Lord's Prayer, also known by its incipit Our Father (Pater Noster), is a central Christian prayer that Jesus taught as the way to pray.
See Christianity and Lord's Prayer
Lutheran World Federation
The Lutheran World Federation (LWF; Lutherischer Weltbund) is a global communion of national and regional Lutheran denominations headquartered in the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland.
See Christianity and Lutheran World Federation
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.
See Christianity and Lutheranism
Maghreb
The Maghreb (lit), also known as the Arab Maghreb (اَلْمَغْرِبُ الْعَرَبِيُّ) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world.
Magisterial Reformation
The Magisterial Reformation refers to those protestants that during the Protestant Reformation collaborated with secular authorities, such as princes, magistrates, or city councils, i.e. "the magistracy".
See Christianity and Magisterial Reformation
Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
See Christianity and Maimonides
Major religious groups
The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice.
See Christianity and Major religious groups
Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (MOSC) also known as the Indian Orthodox Church (IOC) or simply as the Malankara Church, is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church headquartered in Devalokam, near Kottayam, India.
See Christianity and Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
Malta
Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.
Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England and a publisher of academic books and journals.
See Christianity and Manchester University Press
Mandaeism
Mandaeism (Classical Mandaic), sometimes also known as Nasoraeanism or Sabianism, is a Gnostic, monotheistic and ethnic religion with Greek, Iranian, and Jewish influences. Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam, Abel, Seth, Enos, Noah, Shem, Aram, and especially John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem and John the Baptist prophets, with Adam being the founder of the religion and John being the greatest and final prophet. Christianity and Mandaeism are Abrahamic religions and monotheistic religions.
See Christianity and Mandaeism
Marian devotions
Marian devotions are external pious practices directed to the person of Mary, mother of Jesus, by members of certain Christian traditions.
See Christianity and Marian devotions
Mark the Evangelist
Mark the Evangelist (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (Koinē Greek: Ἰωάννης Μάρκος, romanized: Iōannēs Mârkos; Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, is the person who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark.
See Christianity and Mark the Evangelist
Marriage
Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.
See Christianity and Martin Luther
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.
Mary Magdalene
Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and resurrection.
See Christianity and Mary Magdalene
Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus.
See Christianity and Mary, mother of Jesus
Mass in the Catholic Church
The Mass is the central liturgical service of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church, in which bread and wine are consecrated and become the body and blood of Christ.
See Christianity and Mass in the Catholic Church
Massacre of Verden
The Massacre of Verden was an event during the Saxon Wars where the Frankish king Charlemagne ordered the death of 4,500 Saxons in October 782.
See Christianity and Massacre of Verden
Matthew Henry
Matthew Henry (18 October 166222 June 1714) was a British Nonconformist minister and author who was born in Wales but spent much of his life in England.
See Christianity and Matthew Henry
Medieval university
A medieval university was a corporation organized during the Middle Ages for the purposes of higher education.
See Christianity and Medieval university
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Christianity and Mediterranean Sea
Memoria
Memoria was the term for aspects involving memory in Western classical rhetoric.
Mendicant orders
Mendicant orders are, primarily, certain Roman Catholic religious orders that have adopted for their male members a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to the poor.
See Christianity and Mendicant orders
Mennonites
Mennonites are a group of Anabaptist Christian communities tracing their roots to the epoch of the Radical Reformation.
See Christianity and Mennonites
Merton thesis
The Merton thesis is an argument about the nature of early experimental science proposed by Robert K. Merton.
See Christianity and Merton thesis
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
See Christianity and Mesopotamia
Messiah
In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people.
Messiah in Judaism
The Messiah in Judaism is a savior and liberator figure in Jewish eschatology who is believed to be the future redeemer of the Jews.
See Christianity and Messiah in Judaism
Messianic Judaism
Messianic Judaism (יַהֲדוּת מְשִׁיחִית or יהדות משיחית|rtl.
See Christianity and Messianic Judaism
Methodism
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley.
See Christianity and Methodism
Metropolitan bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis.
See Christianity and Metropolitan bishop
Miaphysitism
Miaphysitism is the Christological doctrine that holds Jesus, the "Incarnate Word, is fully divine and fully human, in one 'nature' (physis)." It is a position held by the Oriental Orthodox Churches and differs from the Chalcedonian position that Jesus is one "person" (ὑπόστασις) in two "natures" (φύσεις), a divine nature and a human nature (dyophysitism).
See Christianity and Miaphysitism
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
See Christianity and Michael Faraday
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD. Christianity and Middle Ages are western culture.
See Christianity and Middle Ages
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
See Christianity and Middle East
Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), also referred to as West Asia and North Africa (WANA) or South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA), is a geographic region which comprises the Middle East and North Africa together.
See Christianity and Middle East and North Africa
Millennialism
Millennialism or chiliasm (from the Greek equivalent) is a belief which is held by some religious denominations.
See Christianity and Millennialism
Ministry of Jesus
The ministry of Jesus, in the canonical gospels, begins with his baptism near the River Jordan by John the Baptist, and ends in Jerusalem in Judea, following the Last Supper with his disciples.
See Christianity and Ministry of Jesus
Miracles of Jesus
The miracles of Jesus are miraculous deeds attributed to Jesus in Christian and Islamic texts.
See Christianity and Miracles of Jesus
Mishneh Torah
The Mishneh Torah (repetition of the Torah), also known as Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka (label), is a code of Rabbinic Jewish religious law (halakha) authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon/Rambam).
See Christianity and Mishneh Torah
Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.
See Christianity and Missionary
Modalistic Monarchianism
Modalistic Monarchianism, also known as Modalism or Oneness Christology, is a Christian theology upholding the oneness of God as well as the divinity of Jesus.
See Christianity and Modalistic Monarchianism
Molokans
The Molokans (p or молоканин, "dairy-eater") are a Russian Spiritual Christian sect that evolved from Eastern Orthodoxy in the East Slavic lands.
Monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).
See Christianity and Monastery
Monasticism
Monasticism, also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.
See Christianity and Monasticism
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.
See Christianity and Mongol Empire
Monk
A monk (from μοναχός, monachos, "single, solitary" via Latin monachus) is a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery.
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief that one god is the only deity.
See Christianity and Monotheism
Moral
A moral (from Latin morālis) is a message that is conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event.
Moravian Church
The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren (Moravská církev or Moravští bratři), formally the Unitas Fratrum (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the Unity of the Brethren (Jednota bratrská) founded in the Kingdom of Bohemia, sixty years before Martin Luther's Reformation.
See Christianity and Moravian Church
Mormonism
Mormonism is the theology and religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity started by Joseph Smith in Western New York in the 1820s and 1830s. Christianity and Mormonism are Abrahamic religions.
See Christianity and Mormonism
Mortal sin
A mortal sin (peccātum mortāle), in Christian theology, is a gravely sinful act which can lead to damnation if a person does not repent of the sin before death.
See Christianity and Mortal sin
Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia, also called the Muslim conquest of Iran, the Arab conquest of Persia, or the Arab conquest of Iran, was a major military campaign undertaken by the Rashidun Caliphate between 632 and 654.
See Christianity and Muslim conquest of Persia
Muslim conquest of the Levant
The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.
See Christianity and Muslim conquest of the Levant
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Nag Hammadi library
The Nag Hammadi library (also known as the "Chenoboskion Manuscripts" and the "Gnostic Gospels") is a collection of early Christian and Gnostic texts discovered near the Upper Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945.
See Christianity and Nag Hammadi library
Napoleonic era
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe.
See Christianity and Napoleonic era
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
See Christianity and Nation state
National Council of Churches in Australia
The National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA) is an ecumenical organisation bringing together a number of Australia's Christian churches in dialogue and practical cooperation.
See Christianity and National Council of Churches in Australia
National Post
The National Post is a Canadian English-language broadsheet newspaper and the flagship publication of Postmedia Network.
See Christianity and National Post
Nativity of Jesus
The nativity of Jesus, nativity of Christ, birth of Jesus or birth of Christ is documented in the biblical gospels of Luke and Matthew.
See Christianity and Nativity of Jesus
Nativity scene
In the Christian tradition, a nativity scene (also known as a manger scene, crib, crèche, or in Italian presepio or presepe, or Bethlehem) is the special exhibition, particularly during the Christmas season, of art objects representing the birth of Jesus.
See Christianity and Nativity scene
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
See Christianity and Near East
Neo-charismatic movement
The Neo-charismatic (also third-wave charismatic or hypercharismatic) movement is a movement within evangelical Protestant Christianity that is composed of a diverse range of independent churches and organizations that emphasize the current availability of gifts of the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues and faith healing.
See Christianity and Neo-charismatic movement
Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion.
See Christianity and Neoplatonism
Nestorian schism
The Nestorian schism (431) was a split between the Christian churches of Sassanid Persia, which affiliated with Nestorius, and those that later became the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
See Christianity and Nestorian schism
Nestorianism
Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinarily distinct sets of teachings.
See Christianity and Nestorianism
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States.
See Christianity and New Haven, Connecticut
New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English.
See Christianity and New King James Version
New Perspective on Paul
The "New Perspective on Paul" is a movement within the field of biblical studies concerned with the understanding of the writings of the Apostle Paul.
See Christianity and New Perspective on Paul
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.
See Christianity and New Testament
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
See Christianity and New York City
Nicene Christianity
Nicene Christianity includes those Christian denominations that adhere to the teaching of the Nicene Creed, which was formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 and amended at the First Council of Constantinople in AD 381.
See Christianity and Nicene Christianity
Nicene Creed
The Nicene Creed (Sýmvolon tis Nikéas), also called the Creed of Constantinople, is the defining statement of belief of mainstream Christianity and in those Christian denominations that adhere to it.
See Christianity and Nicene Creed
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.
See Christianity and Nicolaus Copernicus
Ninety-five Theses
The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany.
See Christianity and Ninety-five Theses
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.
See Christianity and Nobel Prize
Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
Non-Chalcedonian Christianity comprises the branches of Christianity that do not accept theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in 451.
See Christianity and Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
Nondenominational Christianity
Nondenominational Christianity (or non-denominational Christianity) consists of churches, and individual Christians, which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities by not formally aligning with a specific Christian denomination.
See Christianity and Nondenominational Christianity
Nontrinitarianism
Nontrinitarianism is a form of Christianity that rejects the mainstream Christian theology of the Trinity—the belief that God is three distinct hypostases or persons who are coeternal, coequal, and indivisibly united in one being, or essence (from the Ancient Greek). Certain religious groups that emerged during the Protestant Reformation have historically been known as antitrinitarian.
See Christianity and Nontrinitarianism
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
See Christianity and North Africa
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.
See Christianity and North America
Northolt
Northolt is a town in West London, England, spread across both sides of the A40 trunk road.
Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Notre-Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris (meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the River Seine), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France.
See Christianity and Notre-Dame de Paris
Nubia
Nubia (Nobiin: Nobīn) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), or more strictly, Al Dabbah.
Nun
A nun is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery or convent.
Old Catholic Church
The terms Old Catholic Church, Old Catholics, Old-Catholic churches, or Old Catholic movement, designate "any of the groups of Western Christians who believe themselves to maintain in complete loyalty the doctrine and traditions of the undivided church but who separated from the see of Rome after the First Vatican council of 1869–70".
See Christianity and Old Catholic Church
Old City of Jerusalem
The Old City of Jerusalem (al-Madīna al-Qadīma, Ha'ír Ha'atiká) is a walled area in East Jerusalem.
See Christianity and Old City of Jerusalem
Old Testament
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.
See Christianity and Old Testament
Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament
The books of the New Testament frequently cite Jewish scripture to support the claim of the Early Christians that Jesus was the promised Jewish Messiah.
See Christianity and Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament
Omnipotence
Omnipotence is the quality of having unlimited power.
See Christianity and Omnipotence
One true church
The expression "one true church" refers to an ecclesiological position asserting that Jesus gave his authority in the Great Commission solely to a particular visible Christian institutional church—what is commonly called a denomination.
See Christianity and One true church
Oneness Pentecostalism
Oneness Pentecostalism (also known as Apostolic, Jesus' Name Pentecostalism, or the Jesus Only movement) is a nontrinitarian religious movement within the Protestant Christian family of churches known as Pentecostalism.
See Christianity and Oneness Pentecostalism
Open communion
Open communion is the practice of some Protestant Churches of allowing members and non-members to receive the Eucharist (also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper).
See Christianity and Open communion
Open Doors
Open Doors is a non-denominational mission supporting persecuted Christians around the world.
See Christianity and Open Doors
Orans
Orans, a loanword from Medieval Latin orans translated as "one who is praying or pleading", also orant or orante, as well as lifting up holy hands, is a posture or bodily attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbows close to the sides of the body and with the hands outstretched sideways, palms up.
Ordinance (Christianity)
An ordinance is a term used by certain Christian denominations for a religious ritual that was instituted by Jesus for Christians to observe.
See Christianity and Ordinance (Christianity)
Ordination
Ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is, set apart and elevated from the laity class to the clergy, who are thus then authorized (usually by the denominational hierarchy composed of other clergy) to perform various religious rites and ceremonies.
See Christianity and Ordination
Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly known simply as the Orthodox Church is a communion composed of up to seventeen separate autocephalous (self-governing) hierarchical churches that profess Eastern Orthodoxy and recognise each other as canonical (regular) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.
See Christianity and Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodox Churches
The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 50 million members worldwide.
See Christianity and Oriental Orthodox Churches
Origen
Origen of Alexandria (185 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria.
Original sin
Original sin is the Christian doctrine that holds that humans, through the act of birth, inherit a tainted nature with a proclivity to sinful conduct in need of regeneration.
See Christianity and Original sin
Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy (from Greek) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
See Christianity and Orthodoxy
Ostrogothic Kingdom
The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (Regnum Italiae), was a barbarian kingdom established by the Germanic Ostrogoths that controlled Italy and neighbouring areas between 493 and 553.
See Christianity and Ostrogothic Kingdom
Outline of Christianity
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Christianity: Christianity – monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament.
See Christianity and Outline of Christianity
Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Christianity and Oxford University Press
Paganism
Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.
Pan-European identity
Pan-European identity is the sense of personal identification with Europe, in a cultural or political sense.
See Christianity and Pan-European identity
Papal primacy
Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiological doctrine in the Catholic Church concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees.
See Christianity and Papal primacy
Parament
Paraments or parements (from Late Latin paramentum, "adornment", parare, "to prepare", "equip") are both the hangings or ornaments of a room of state, and the ecclesiastical vestments.
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.
See Christianity and Parthian Empire
Particular judgment
Particular judgment, according to Christian eschatology, is the divine judgment that a departed (dead) person undergoes immediately after death, in contradistinction to the general judgment (or Last Judgment) of all people at the end of the world.
See Christianity and Particular judgment
Passion of Jesus
The Passion (from Latin patior, "to suffer, bear, endure") is the short final period before the death of Jesus, described in the four canonical gospels.
See Christianity and Passion of Jesus
Patriarch
The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certain cases also popes – such as the Pope of Rome or Pope of Alexandria, and catholicoi – such as Catholicos Karekin II, and Baselios Thomas I Catholicos of the East).
See Christianity and Patriarch
Patriarchate
Patriarchate (πατριαρχεῖον, patriarcheîon) is an ecclesiological term in Christianity, designating the office and jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch.
See Christianity and Patriarchate
Patristics
Patristics or patrology is the study of the early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers.
See Christianity and Patristics
Patrologia Graeca
The Patrologia Graeca (PG, or Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca) is an edited collection of writings by the Church Fathers and various secular writers, in the Greek language.
See Christianity and Patrologia Graeca
Paul the Apostle
Paul (Koinē Greek: Παῦλος, romanized: Paûlos), also named Saul of Tarsus (Aramaic: ܫܐܘܠ, romanized: Šāʾūl), commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle (AD) who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world.
See Christianity and Paul the Apostle
Pauline Christianity
Pauline Christianity or Pauline theology (also Paulism or Paulanity), otherwise referred to as Gentile Christianity, is the theology and form of Christianity which developed from the beliefs and doctrines espoused by the Hellenistic-Jewish Apostle Paul through his writings and those New Testament writings traditionally attributed to him.
See Christianity and Pauline Christianity
Peace churches
Peace churches are Christian churches, groups or communities advocating Christian pacifism or Biblical nonresistance.
See Christianity and Peace churches
Penal substitution
Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory,Vincent Taylor, The Cross of Christ (London: Macmillan & Co, 1956), pp.
See Christianity and Penal substitution
Penance
Penance is any act or a set of actions done out of repentance for sins committed, as well as an alternate name for the Catholic, Lutheran, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox sacrament of Reconciliation or Confession.
Pentarchy
Pentarchy (from the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchía, from πέντε pénte, "five", and ἄρχειν archein, "to rule") was a model of Church organization formulated in the laws of Emperor Justinian I of the Roman Empire.
See Christianity and Pentarchy
Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday which takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter Day.
See Christianity and Pentecost
Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement that emphasizes direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit.
See Christianity and Pentecostalism
Perichoresis
Perichoresis (from περιχώρησις perikhōrēsis, "rotation") is a term referring to the relationship of the three persons of the triune God (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) to one another.
See Christianity and Perichoresis
Persecution of Christians
The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day.
See Christianity and Persecution of Christians
Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
Christians were persecuted throughout the Roman Empire, beginning in the 1st century AD and ending in the 4th century.
See Christianity and Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1917–1991), there were periods when Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on state interests.
See Christianity and Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Christianity and Pew Research Center
Pharisees
The Pharisees (lit) were a Jewish social movement and a school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism.
See Christianity and Pharisees
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.
See Christianity and Philosophy of science
Pietism
Pietism, also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christian life.
Plotinus
Plotinus (Πλωτῖνος, Plōtînos; – 270 CE) was a Greek Platonist philosopher, born and raised in Roman Egypt.
Plymouth Brethren
The Plymouth Brethren or Assemblies of Brethren are a low church and Nonconformist Christian movement whose history can be traced back to Dublin, Ireland, in the mid to late 1820s, where it originated from Anglicanism.
See Christianity and Plymouth Brethren
Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning.
See Christianity and Polish Academy of Sciences
Polish Biographical Dictionary
Polski Słownik Biograficzny (PSB; Polish Biographical Dictionary) is a Polish-language biographical dictionary, comprising an alphabetically arranged compilation of authoritative biographies of some 25,000 notable Poles and of foreigners who have been active in Poland – famous as well as less-well-known persons – from Popiel, Piast Kołodziej, and Mieszko I, at the dawn of Polish history, to persons who died in the year 2000.
See Christianity and Polish Biographical Dictionary
Polycarp
Polycarp (Πολύκαρπος, Polýkarpos; Polycarpus; AD 69 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna.
Pope
The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I (Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death.
See Christianity and Pope Gregory I
Pope Leo I
Pope Leo I (400 – 10 November 461), also known as Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 until his death.
See Christianity and Pope Leo I
Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II (Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death.
See Christianity and Pope Urban II
Porphyry (philosopher)
Porphyry of Tyre (Πορφύριος, Porphýrios; –) was a Neoplatonic philosopher born in Tyre, Roman Phoenicia during Roman rule.
See Christianity and Porphyry (philosopher)
Postchristianity
Postchristianity is the situation in which Christianity is no longer the dominant civil religion of a society but has gradually assumed values, culture, and worldviews that are not necessarily Christian.
See Christianity and Postchristianity
Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a term used to refer to a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break with modernism.
See Christianity and Postmodernism
Presbyter
Presbyter is an honorific title for Christian clergy.
See Christianity and Presbyter
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders.
See Christianity and Presbyterianism
Priest
A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities.
Priesthood in the Catholic Church
The priesthood is the office of the ministers of religion, who have been commissioned ("ordained") with the Holy orders of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Priesthood in the Catholic Church
Prima scriptura
Prima scriptura is the Christian doctrine that canonized scripture is "first" or "above all other" sources of divine revelation.
See Christianity and Prima scriptura
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Christianity and Princeton University Press
Progress
Progress is movement towards a refined, improved, or otherwise desired state.
Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people.
Prophets of Christianity
In Christianity, the figures widely recognised as prophets are those mentioned as such in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
See Christianity and Prophets of Christianity
Prostration
Prostration is the gesture of placing one's body in a reverentially or submissively prone position.
See Christianity and Prostration
Protestant work ethic
The Protestant work ethic, also known as the Calvinist work ethic or the Puritan work ethic, is a work ethic concept in sociology, economics, and history.
See Christianity and Protestant work ethic
Protestantism by country
There are 0.8 — 1.05 billion Protestants worldwide,Jay Diamond, Larry.
See Christianity and Protestantism by country
Protestation at Speyer
On 19 April 1529, six princes and representatives of 14 Imperial Free Cities petitioned the Imperial Diet at Speyer against an imperial ban of Martin Luther, as well as the proscription of his works and teachings, and called for the unhindered spread of the evangelical faith.
See Christianity and Protestation at Speyer
Proto-orthodox Christianity
The term proto-orthodox Christianity or proto-orthodoxy describes the early Christian movement that was the precursor of Christian orthodoxy.
See Christianity and Proto-orthodox Christianity
Psalms
The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים|Tehillīm|praises; Psalmós; Liber Psalmorum; Zabūr), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) called ("Writings"), and a book of the Old Testament.
Puritans
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.
Quakers
Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations.
Queen of Heaven
Queen of Heaven (Regina Caeli) is a title given to the Virgin Mary, by Christians mainly of the Catholic Church and, to a lesser extent, in Anglicanism, Lutheranism, and Eastern Orthodoxy.
See Christianity and Queen of Heaven
Questions of Truth
Questions of Truth is a book by John Polkinghorne and Nicholas Beale which offers their responses to 51 questions about science and religion.
See Christianity and Questions of Truth
Rabbi
A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.
Radical Reformation
The Radical Reformation represented a response to perceived corruption both in the Catholic Church and in the expanding Magisterial Protestant movement led by Martin Luther and many others.
See Christianity and Radical Reformation
Ransom theory of atonement
The ransom theory of atonement was a theory in Christian theology as to how the process of Atonement in Christianity had happened.
See Christianity and Ransom theory of atonement
Rapture
The Rapture is an eschatological position held by some Christians, particularly those of American evangelicalism, consisting of an end-time event when all dead Christian believers will be resurrected and, joined with Christians who are still alive, together will rise "in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air." The origin of the term extends from the First Epistle to the Thessalonians in the Bible, which uses the Greek word (ἁρπάζω), meaning "to snatch away" or "to seize".
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Christianity and Rashidun Caliphate
Ravi Zacharias
Frederick Antony Ravi Kumar Zacharias (26 March 194619 May 2020) was an Indian-born Canadian-American Christian evangelical minister and Christian apologist who founded Ravi Zacharias International Ministries (RZIM).
See Christianity and Ravi Zacharias
Reason
Reason is the capacity of applying logic consciously by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth.
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Reformation
Reformed Christianity
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.
See Christianity and Reformed Christianity
Reginald H. Fuller
Reginald Horace Fuller (24 March 1915 – 4 April 2007) was an English-American biblical scholar, ecumenist, and Anglican priest.
See Christianity and Reginald H. Fuller
Relationship between religion and science
The relationship between religion and science involves discussions that interconnect the study of the natural world, history, philosophy, and theology.
See Christianity and Relationship between religion and science
Religion
Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.
Religion in Canada
Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of beliefs and customs that historically has been dominated by Christianity.
See Christianity and Religion in Canada
Religious conversion
Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others.
See Christianity and Religious conversion
Religious denomination
A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name and tradition, among other activities.
See Christianity and Religious denomination
Religious images in Christian theology
Religious images in Christian theology have a role within the liturgical and devotional life of adherents of certain Christian denominations.
See Christianity and Religious images in Christian theology
Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory
Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies.
See Christianity and Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory
Religious violence
Religious violence covers phenomena in which religion is either the subject or the object of violent behavior.
See Christianity and Religious violence
Religious war
A religious war or a war of religion, sometimes also known as a holy war (sanctum bellum), is a war which is primarily caused or justified by differences in religion and beliefs.
See Christianity and Religious war
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. Christianity and Renaissance are western culture.
See Christianity and Renaissance
Renaissance art
Renaissance art (1350 – 1620) is the painting, sculpture, and decorative arts of the period of European history known as the Renaissance, which emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about AD 1400, in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music, science, and technology.
See Christianity and Renaissance art
Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism was a worldview centered on the nature and importance of humanity that emerged from the study of Classical antiquity.
See Christianity and Renaissance humanism
Restoration Movement
The Restoration Movement (also known as the American Restoration Movement or the Stone–Campbell Movement, and pejoratively as Campbellism) is a Christian movement that began on the United States frontier during the Second Great Awakening (1790–1840) of the early 19th century.
See Christianity and Restoration Movement
Restorationism
Restorationism, also known as Restitutionism or Christian primitivism, is a religious perspective according to which the early beliefs and practices of the followers of Jesus were either lost or adulterated after his death and required a "restoration".
See Christianity and Restorationism
Resurrection of Jesus
The resurrection of Jesus (anástasis toú Iēsoú) is the Christian belief that God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion, starting – or restoring – his exalted life as Christ and Lord.
See Christianity and Resurrection of Jesus
Revelation
In religion and theology, revelation (or divine revelation) is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities.
See Christianity and Revelation
Rice University
Rice University, formally William Marsh Rice University, is a private research university in Houston, Texas, United States.
See Christianity and Rice University
Richard S. Westfall
Richard S. Westfall (April 22, 1924 – August 21, 1996) was an American academic, biographer and historian of science.
See Christianity and Richard S. Westfall
Ritual
A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or revered objects.
Ritual purification
Ritual purification is a ritual prescribed by a religion through which a person is considered to be freed of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness.
See Christianity and Ritual purification
River Brethren
The River Brethren are a group of historically related Anabaptist Christian denominations originating in 1770, during the Radical Pietist movement among German colonists in Pennsylvania.
See Christianity and River Brethren
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor.
See Christianity and Robert Boyle
Robert M. Price
Robert McNair Price (born July 7, 1954) is an American New Testament scholar who argues in favor of the Christ myth theorythe claim that a historical Jesus did not exist.
See Christianity and Robert M. Price
Rodney Stark
Rodney William Stark (July 8, 1934 – July 21, 2022) was an American sociologist of religion who was a longtime professor of sociology and of comparative religion at the University of Washington.
See Christianity and Rodney Stark
Roger E. Olson
Roger Eugene Olson (born 1952) is an American Baptist theologian and Professor of Christian Theology of Ethics at the Baylor University.
See Christianity and Roger E. Olson
Role of Christianity in civilization
Christianity has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society. Christianity and Role of Christianity in civilization are western culture.
See Christianity and Role of Christianity in civilization
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome. Christianity and Roman Empire are western culture.
See Christianity and Roman Empire
Roman Rite
The Roman Rite (Ritus Romanus) is the most common ritual family for performing the ecclesiastical services of the Latin Church, the largest of the sui iuris particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Roman Rite
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Christianity and Romanesque architecture
Rough breathing
In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the rough breathing (dasỳ pneûma or δασεῖα daseîa; spiritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an sound before a vowel, diphthong, or after rho.
See Christianity and Rough breathing
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
See Christianity and Routledge
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Christianity and Rowman & Littlefield
Rule of Saint Benedict
The Rule of Saint Benedict (Regula Sancti Benedicti) is a book of precepts written in Latin by St. Benedict of Nursia (c. AD 480–550) for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot.
See Christianity and Rule of Saint Benedict
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Russian Far East
The Russian Far East (p) is a region in North Asia.
See Christianity and Russian Far East
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.
See Christianity and Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.
See Christianity and Russian Revolution
Sacramental bread
Sacramental bread, also called Communion bread, Communion wafer, Sacred host, Eucharistic bread, the Lamb or simply the host (lit), is the bread used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist.
See Christianity and Sacramental bread
Sacramental wine
Sacramental wine, Communion wine, altar wine, or wine for consecration is wine obtained from grapes and intended for use in celebration of the Eucharist (also referred to as the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion, among other names).
See Christianity and Sacramental wine
Sacred mysteries
Sacred mysteries are the areas of supernatural phenomena associated with a divinity or a religious belief and praxis.
See Christianity and Sacred mysteries
Sacred tradition
Sacred tradition, also called holy tradition or apostolic tradition, is a theological term used in Christian theology.
See Christianity and Sacred tradition
Sacredness
Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers.
See Christianity and Sacredness
Saint
In Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God.
Saint Dominic
Saint Dominic, (Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), also known as Dominic de Guzmán, was a Castilian-French Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order.
See Christianity and Saint Dominic
Saint Thomas Christians
The Saint Thomas Christians, also called Syrian Christians of India, Marthoma Suriyani Nasrani, Malankara Nasrani, or Nasrani Mappila, are an ethno-religious community of Indian Christians in the state of Kerala (Malabar region), who, for the most part, employ the Eastern and Western liturgical rites of Syriac Christianity.
See Christianity and Saint Thomas Christians
Salvation
Salvation (from Latin: salvatio, from salva, 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation.
See Christianity and Salvation
Salvation in Christianity
In Christianity, salvation (also called deliverance or redemption) is the saving of human beings from sin and its consequences—which include death and separation from God—by Christ's death and resurrection, and the justification entailed by this salvation.
See Christianity and Salvation in Christianity
Samoa
Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono and Apolima); and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua).
Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.
See Christianity and Sarcophagus
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Christianity and Sasanian Empire
Satisfaction theory of atonement
The satisfaction theory of atonement is a theory in Catholic theology which holds that Jesus Christ redeemed humanity through making satisfaction for humankind's disobedience through his own supererogatory obedience.
See Christianity and Satisfaction theory of atonement
School of Alexandria
The Catechetical School of Alexandria was a school of Christian theologians and bishops and deacons in Alexandria.
See Christianity and School of Alexandria
School of Antioch
The Catechetical School of Antioch was one of the two major Christian centers of the study of biblical exegesis and theology during Late Antiquity; the other was the School of Alexandria.
See Christianity and School of Antioch
Schwarzenau Brethren
The Schwarzenau Brethren, the German Baptist Brethren, Dunkers, Dunkard Brethren, Tunkers, or sometimes simply called the German Baptists, are an Anabaptist group that dissented from Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed European state churches during the 17th and 18th centuries.
See Christianity and Schwarzenau Brethren
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
See Christianity and Scientific Revolution
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
Scribe
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing.
Second Coming
The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is the Christian belief that Jesus Christ will return to Earth after his ascension to Heaven (which is said to have occurred about two thousand years ago).
See Christianity and Second Coming
Second Council of Lyon
The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, Kingdom of Arles (in modern France), in 1274.
See Christianity and Second Council of Lyon
Second Council of Nicaea
The Second Council of Nicaea is recognized as the last of the first seven ecumenical councils by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Second Council of Nicaea
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the late 18th to early 19th century in the United States.
See Christianity and Second Great Awakening
Second Vatican Council
The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the or, was the 21st and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
See Christianity and Second Vatican Council
Septuagint
The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.
See Christianity and Septuagint
Sermon
A sermon is a religious discourse or oration by a preacher, usually a member of clergy.
Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ, and its annihilationist soteriology.
See Christianity and Seventh-day Adventist Church
Siberia
Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
Sign of the cross
Making the sign of the cross (signum crucis), also known as blessing oneself or crossing oneself, is a ritual blessing made by members of some branches of Christianity.
See Christianity and Sign of the cross
Singapore Management University
The Singapore Management University (SMU) is a public university in Singapore.
See Christianity and Singapore Management University
Sistine Chapel ceiling
The Sistine Chapel ceiling (Soffitto della Cappella Sistina), painted in fresco by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art.
See Christianity and Sistine Chapel ceiling
Skepticism
Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma.
See Christianity and Skepticism
Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
See Christianity and Socialism
Sola scriptura
Sola scriptura (Latin for 'by scripture alone') is a Christian theological doctrine held by most Protestant Christian denominations, in particular the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
See Christianity and Sola scriptura
Solemnity
In the liturgical calendar of the Roman Rite, a solemnity is a feast day of the highest rank celebrating a mystery of faith such as the Trinity, an event in the life of Jesus, his mother Mary, his earthly father Joseph, or another important saint.
See Christianity and Solemnity
Son of God
Historically, many rulers have assumed titles such as the son of God, the son of a god or the son of heaven.
See Christianity and Son of God
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
See Christianity and South Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
See Christianity and Southeast Asia
Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos.
See Christianity and Southeast Europe
Southern Cone
The Southern Cone (Cono Sur, Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn.
See Christianity and Southern Cone
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.
See Christianity and Spanish Civil War
Spiritual Christianity
Spiritual Christianity (dukhovnoye khristianstvo) is the group of belief systems held by so-called folk Protestants, including non-Eastern Orthodox indigenous faith tribes and new religious movements that emerged in the Russian Empire.
See Christianity and Spiritual Christianity
Spread of Christianity
Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century in the Roman province of Judea, from where it spread throughout and beyond the Roman Empire.
See Christianity and Spread of Christianity
Standard works
The Standard Works of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church, the largest in the Latter Day Saint movement) are the four books that currently constitute its open scriptural canon.
See Christianity and Standard works
State atheism
State atheism or atheist state is the incorporation of hard atheism or non-theism into political regimes.
See Christianity and State atheism
State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
See Christianity and State religion
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See Christianity and Sub-Saharan Africa
Subsistit in
Subsistit in ("subsists in") is a Latin phrase which appears in Lumen gentium,.
See Christianity and Subsistit in
Sui iuris
Sui iuris, also spelled sui juris, is a Latin phrase that literally means "of one's own right".
See Christianity and Sui iuris
Summa contra Gentiles
The Summa contra Gentiles is one of the best-known treatises by Thomas Aquinas, written as four books between 1259 and 1265.
See Christianity and Summa contra Gentiles
Summa Theologica
The Summa Theologiae or Summa Theologica, often referred to simply as the Summa, is the best-known work of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), a scholastic theologian and Doctor of the Church.
See Christianity and Summa Theologica
Sydney E. Ahlstrom
Sydney Eckman Ahlstrom (December 16, 1919 – July 3, 1984) was an American historian.
See Christianity and Sydney E. Ahlstrom
Synaxis
A synaxis (σύναξις "gathering"; Slavonic: собор, sobor) is a liturgical assembly in Eastern Christianity (the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite), generally for the celebration of Vespers, Matins, Little Hours and the Divine Liturgy.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
Syriac Christianity
Syriac Christianity (ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ / Mšiḥoyuṯo Suryoyto or Mšiḥāyūṯā Suryāytā) is a branch of Eastern Christianity of which formative theological writings and traditional liturgies are expressed in the Classical Syriac language, a variation of the old Aramaic language.
See Christianity and Syriac Christianity
Syriac language
The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.
See Christianity and Syriac language
Syriac Orthodox Church
The Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣath Shubḥo); also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church, officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and informally as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch.
See Christianity and Syriac Orthodox Church
Taizé Community
The Taizé Community is an ecumenical Christian monastic community in Taizé, Saône-et-Loire, Burgundy, France.
See Christianity and Taizé Community
Taizé, Saône-et-Loire
Taizé is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
See Christianity and Taizé, Saône-et-Loire
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
See Christianity and Tang dynasty
Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments (עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים|ʿĂsereṯ haDəḇārīm|The Ten Words), or the Decalogue (from Latin decalogus, from Ancient Greek label), are religious and ethical directives, structured as a covenant document, that, according to the Hebrew Bible, are given by Yahweh to Moses.
See Christianity and Ten Commandments
Tertullian
Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; 155 – 220 AD) was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.
See Christianity and Tertullian
The Christian Community
The Christian Community (Die Christengemeinschaft) is an esoteric Christian denomination.
See Christianity and The Christian Community
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is the largest Latter Day Saint denomination, tracing its roots to its founding by Joseph Smith during the Second Great Awakening.
See Christianity and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The gospel
The gospel or good news is a theological concept in several religions.
See Christianity and The gospel
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
See Christianity and The Guardian
The New Church (Swedenborgian)
The New Church (or Swedenborgianism) can refer to any of several historically related Christian denominations that developed under the influence of the theology of Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772).
See Christianity and The New Church (Swedenborgian)
The New York Review of Books
The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.
See Christianity and The New York Review of Books
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Christianity and The New York Times
The True Word
The True Word (or Discourse, Account, or Doctrine; Λόγος Ἀληθής, Logos Alēthēs) is a lost treatise in which the ancient Greek philosopher Celsus addressed many principal points of early Christianity and refuted or argued against their validity.
See Christianity and The True Word
Theodosius I
Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.
See Christianity and Theodosius I
Theophilus of Antioch
Theophilus (Θεόφιλος ὁ Ἀντιοχεύς) was Patriarch of Antioch from 169 until 182.
See Christianity and Theophilus of Antioch
Theotokos
Theotokos (Greek: Θεοτόκος) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity.
See Christianity and Theotokos
Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
See Christianity and Third World
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
See Christianity and Thirty Years' War
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas (Aquino; – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.
See Christianity and Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Müntzer
Thomas Müntzer (– 27 May 1525) was a German preacher and theologian of the early Reformation whose opposition to both Martin Luther and the Catholic Church led to his open defiance of late-feudal authority in central Germany.
See Christianity and Thomas Müntzer
Tiridates III of Armenia
Tiridates III (–), also known as Tiridates the Great or Tiridates IV, was the Armenian Arsacid king from to.
See Christianity and Tiridates III of Armenia
Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania.
Total depravity
Total depravity (also called radical corruption or pervasive depravity) is a Protestant theological doctrine derived from the concept of original sin.
See Christianity and Total depravity
Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation (Latin: transubstantiatio; Greek: μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine into the substance of the Blood of Christ".
See Christianity and Transubstantiation
Trinitarian formula
The Trinitarian formula is the phrase "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" (eis to ónoma toû Patros kai toû Huioû kai toû Hagíou Pneúmatos; in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti), or words to that form and effect, referring to the three persons of the Christian Trinity.
See Christianity and Trinitarian formula
Trinity
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from 'threefold') is the central doctrine concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three,, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons (hypostases) sharing one essence/substance/nature (homoousion).
Tritheism
Tritheism (from Greek τριθεΐα, "three divinity") is a polytheistic nontrinitarian Christian conception of God in which the unity of the Trinity and, by extension, monotheism are denied.
See Christianity and Tritheism
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkish people
Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
See Christianity and Turkish people
Tuvalu
Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia.
Typology (theology)
Typology in Christian theology and biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament.
See Christianity and Typology (theology)
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is a clerical political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope.
See Christianity and Ultramontanism
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Christianity and Umayyad Caliphate
Unification Church
The Unification Church is a new religious movement derived from Christianity, whose members are called Unificationists or sometimes informally Moonies.
See Christianity and Unification Church
Unitarian Church of Transylvania
The Unitarian Church of Transylvania (Erdélyi Unitárius Egyház; Biserica Unitariană din Transilvania), also known as the Hungarian Unitarian Church (Magyar Unitárius Egyház; Biserica Unitariană Maghiară), is a Nontrinitarian Christian denomination of the Unitarian tradition, based in the city of Cluj, Transylvania, Romania.
See Christianity and Unitarian Church of Transylvania
Unitarian Universalism
Unitarian Universalism (otherwise referred to as UUism or UU) is a liberal religious movement characterized by a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning".
See Christianity and Unitarian Universalism
Unitarianism
Unitarianism is a nontrinitarian branch of Christianity.
See Christianity and Unitarianism
United and uniting churches
A united church, also called a uniting church, is a denomination formed from the merger or other form of church union of two or more different Protestant Christian denominations, a number of which come from separate and distinct denominational orientations or traditions.
See Christianity and United and uniting churches
United Church of Canada
The United Church of Canada (Église unie du Canada) is a mainline Protestant denomination that is the largest Protestant Christian denomination in Canada and the second largest Canadian Christian denomination after the Catholic Church in Canada.
See Christianity and United Church of Canada
United Methodist Church
The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a worldwide mainline Protestant denomination based in the United States, and a major part of Methodism.
See Christianity and United Methodist Church
Uniting Church in Australia
The Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) was founded on 22 June 1977, when most congregations of the Methodist Church of Australasia, about two-thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia and almost all the churches of the Congregational Union of Australia united under the Basis of Union.
See Christianity and Uniting Church in Australia
University of Bologna
The University of Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, abbreviated Unibo) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy.
See Christianity and University of Bologna
University of Fribourg
The University of Fribourg (Université de Fribourg; Universität Freiburg) is a public university located in Fribourg, Switzerland.
See Christianity and University of Fribourg
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne (also colloquially known as Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia.
See Christianity and University of Melbourne
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.
See Christianity and University of Oxford
University of Paris
The University of Paris (Université de Paris), known metonymically as the Sorbonne, was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution.
See Christianity and University of Paris
University Press of America
University Press of America was an academic imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group that specialized in the publication of scholarly works.
See Christianity and University Press of America
Valentinian II
Valentinian II (Valentinianus; 37115 May 392) was a Roman emperor in the western part of the Roman empire between AD 375 and 392.
See Christianity and Valentinian II
Value (ethics and social sciences)
In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics in ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions.
See Christianity and Value (ethics and social sciences)
Vandals
The Vandals were a Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland.
Vatican City
Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked sovereign country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy.
See Christianity and Vatican City
Veneration
Veneration (veneratio; τιμάω), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness.
See Christianity and Veneration
Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
The veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church encompasses various devotions which include prayer, pious acts, visual arts, poetry, and music devoted to her.
See Christianity and Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
Vestment
Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religion, especially by Eastern Churches, Catholics (of all rites), Lutherans, and Anglicans.
Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners.
Vision theory of Jesus' appearances
The vision theory or vision hypothesis is a term used to cover a range of theories that question the physical resurrection of Jesus, and suggest that sightings of a risen Jesus were visionary experiences, often classified as grief or bereavement visions.
See Christianity and Vision theory of Jesus' appearances
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
The (abbreviated as VU Amsterdam or simply VU when in context) is a public research university in Amsterdam, Netherlands, being founded in 1880.
See Christianity and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.
Waldensians
The Waldensians, also known as Waldenses, Vallenses, Valdesi, or Vaudois, are adherents of a church tradition that began as an ascetic movement within Western Christianity before the Reformation.
See Christianity and Waldensians
Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony where two people are united in marriage.
Western Christianity
Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other). Christianity and Western Christianity are western culture.
See Christianity and Western Christianity
Western culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
See Christianity and Western culture
Western esotericism
Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to classify a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. Christianity and Western esotericism are western culture.
See Christianity and Western esotericism
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe.
See Christianity and Western Europe
Western law
Western law comprises the legal traditions of Western culture, with roots in Roman law and canon law. Christianity and Western law are western culture.
See Christianity and Western law
Western literature
Western literature, also known as European literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, and is shaped by the periods in which they were conceived, with each period containing prominent western authors, poets, and pieces of literature. Christianity and western literature are western culture.
See Christianity and Western literature
Western Rite Orthodoxy
Western Rite Orthodoxy, also called Western Orthodoxy or the Orthodox Western Rite, are congregations within the Eastern Orthodox tradition which perform their liturgy in Western forms.
See Christianity and Western Rite Orthodoxy
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West. Christianity and Western world are western culture.
See Christianity and Western world
Why I Am Not a Christian
Why I Am Not a Christian is an essay by the British philosopher Bertrand Russell.
See Christianity and Why I Am Not a Christian
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company is a religious publishing house based in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
See Christianity and William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
William F. Albright
William Foxwell Albright (May 24, 1891– September 19, 1971) was an American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics.
See Christianity and William F. Albright
William Lane Craig
William Lane Craig (born August 23, 1949) is an American analytic philosopher, Christian apologist, author, and Wesleyan theologian who upholds the view of Molinism and neo-Apollinarianism.
See Christianity and William Lane Craig
William Miller (preacher)
William Miller (February 15, 1782 – December 20, 1849) was an American clergyman who is credited with beginning the mid-19th-century North American religious movement known as Millerism.
See Christianity and William Miller (preacher)
Works of mercy
Works of mercy (sometimes known as acts of mercy) are practices considered meritorious in Christian ethics.
See Christianity and Works of mercy
World Council of Churches
The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide Christian inter-church organization founded in 1948 to work for the cause of ecumenism.
See Christianity and World Council of Churches
World Evangelical Alliance
The World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) is an interdenominational organization of evangelical Christian churches with 600 million adherents that was founded in 1846 in London, England, to unite evangelicals worldwide.
See Christianity and World Evangelical Alliance
World Methodist Council
The World Methodist Council (WMC), founded in 1881, is a consultative body and association of churches in the Methodist tradition.
See Christianity and World Methodist Council
World population
In world demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living.
See Christianity and World population
World Values Survey
The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global research project that explores people's values and beliefs, how they change over time, and what social and political impact they have.
See Christianity and World Values Survey
Worldview
A worldview or a world-view or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view.
See Christianity and Worldview
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Christianity and Yale University Press
1910 World Missionary Conference
The 1910 World Missionary Conference, or the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, was held on 14 to 23 June 1910.
See Christianity and 1910 World Missionary Conference
See also
1st-century establishments
- Armstrong culture
- Cades Pond culture
- Charax, Crimea
- Christianity
- Church Fathers
- Cloverdale archaeological site
- Fectio
- Forum Hadriani
- Frankfurt
- Fremont culture
- Fulfinum
- Gnosticism
- Hohokam
- Madingo Kayes
- Proto-Gnosticism
1st-century introductions
- Christianity
- Claudian letters
- Codex
- Kontos (weapon)
- Mosaic authorship
- Sho (letter)
Abrahamic religions
- Abrahamic religions
- Abrahamic world
- Abrahamites
- Abrahamization
- Bábism
- Baháʼí Faith
- Christianity
- Druze
- False god
- Gnosticism
- God in Abrahamic religions
- Holy Land
- Islam
- Judaism
- Mandaeism
- Milah Abraham
- Mormonism
- Pai Mārire
- Raëlism
- Rastafari
- Sabians
- Samaritanism
- Samaritans
- Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions
- Yazdânism
References
Also known as Al Masihiya, Al Masihiyya, Al-Masihiya, Al-Masihiyya, Belief in Jesus, Chistianity, Christ's Faithful, Christainity, Christanity, Christian Beliefs, Christian Religion, Christian belief, Christian faith, Christian-ism, Christianism, Christianist, Christianists, Christianry, Christianty, Chritianity, Doctrine, Christian, Jesusry, Living for Jesus, Mainstream Christianity, Masihiya, Masihiyya, Nazarethism, The Christian Church, X'ianity, Xianity, Xtianity, Xty.
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Jessee, Debate, Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Decius, Deuterocanonical books, Dhimmi, Diarmaid MacCulloch, Diaspora, Didache, Diet of Worms, Diocesan bishop, Diocese of Rome, Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318, Diocletianic Persecution, Disciple (Christianity), Dissolution of the monasteries, Divine Liturgy, Divine mercy, Divinization (Christian), Doctrine, Dominican Order, Douay–Rheims Bible, Doukhobors, Doves as symbols, Dualism in cosmology, Dunkard Brethren Church, Early Christian art and architecture, East Asia, East Syriac Rite, East–West Schism, Easter, Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern Christianity, Eastern Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox theology, Eastern Orthodoxy, Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius), Ecclesiastical polity, Ecclesiology, Ecumenical council, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Ecumenism, Edict of Expulsion, Edict of Milan, Edict of Serdica, Egypt, Elijah, Encyclopædia Britannica, England, English Civil War, English Reformation, English Standard Version, Epiclesis, Episcopal polity, Episcopal see, Epistle of James, Eritrea, Eschatology, Esoteric Christianity, Eternity, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Eucharist, Eucharist in the Catholic Church, Europe, Eusebius, Evangelical Catholic, Evangelical Christian Church in Canada, Evangelicalism, Evangelism, Exegesis, Existence of God, Extended family, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Fasting, Filioque, First Apology of Justin Martyr, First Council of Constantinople, First Council of Nicaea, First Crusade, First Epistle to the Corinthians, First Great Awakening, First seven ecumenical councils, First Vatican Council, Forbes, Foreign Secretary, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Four Marks of the Church, Fourth Crusade, Francia, Francis of Assisi, Franciscans, Free Methodist Church, Free will, French Wars of Religion, Friedrich Nietzsche, Frisia, Full communion, G. K. Chesterton, Garden of Eden, Garry Wills, Gaul, Gentile, Geoffrey Blainey, Georgia (country), Germanic peoples, Global North and Global South, Gnosticism, God in Christianity, God in Judaism, God the Father, Godhead in Christianity, Good Friday, Google Books, Gospel, Gospel of John, Gospel of Luke, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Matthew, Gothic architecture, Gratian, Great Apostasy, Great Commission, Great Divergence, Great Fire of Rome, Great Tribulation, Greece, Greek East and Latin West, Greek language, Greek scholars in the Renaissance, Greenwood Publishing Group, Greg Bahnsen, Gulf Cooperation Council, H. Richard Niebuhr, Halo (religious iconography), Harrowing of Hell, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew language, Hell, Hellenistic Judaism, Hellenistic religion, Henry S. Bettenson, Henry VIII, Heresy, Hierarchy, Hierarchy of the Catholic Church, High church, Hippolytus of Rome, Historical Jesus, Historical-grammatical method, History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance, History of Christianity, Holy Land, Holy orders, Holy Roman Empire, Holy See, Holy Spirit, Holy Week, Homily, House church, Huldrych Zwingli, Hungarians, Hutterites, Hymn, Hypostatic union, Ian Bradley, Iceland, Ichthys, Iconoclasm, Ideology, Idolatry, Iglesia ni Cristo, Ignatius of Antioch, Immigration, Immortality, Incarnation (Christianity), Independent Catholicism, India, Indian subcontinent, Indiana University, Indulgence, Infant baptism, Inquisition, Intercession, Intercession of saints, Interfaith dialogue, Internet Archive, InterVarsity Press, Iran, Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan, Ireland, Irenaeus, Irresistible grace, Isaac Newton, Islam, Jacobus Arminius, James the Great, James, brother of Jesus, Jürgen Moltmann, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jerusalem, Jesus, Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is Lord, Jesus Seminar, Jewish Christianity, Jewish deicide, Jewish principles of faith, Jewish–Christian gospels, Johannes Kepler, Johannes Oecolampadius, John Bowker (theologian), John Calvin, John Knox, John Lennox, John McManners, John Polkinghorne, John Wesley, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, Judaea (Roman province), Julian (emperor), Justification (theology), Justin Martyr, Kashrut, Kerala, King James Version, Kingship and kingdom of God, Koinonia, Kulturkampf, La Luz del Mundo, Lanham, Maryland, Last Judgment, Late antiquity, Latin, Latin America, Latter Day Saint movement, Law, Law of Moses, Lebanon, Lectionary, Leiden, Lent, Letter case, Levant, Liberal Christianity, Liberalism, Life of Jesus, List of Catholic artists, List of Catholic writers, List of Christian denominations, List of Christians in science and technology, List of English Bible translations, List of Gnostic texts, List of national legal systems, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia, Lists of Christians, Liturgical year, Liturgy, Living Lutheran, Livonia, Logos (Christianity), London, Lord Kelvin, Lord's Prayer, Lutheran World Federation, Lutheranism, Maghreb, Magisterial Reformation, Maimonides, Major religious groups, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Malta, Manchester University Press, Mandaeism, Marian devotions, Mark the Evangelist, Marriage, Martin Luther, Marxism, Mary Magdalene, Mary, mother of Jesus, Mass in the Catholic Church, Massacre of Verden, Matthew Henry, Medieval university, Mediterranean Sea, Memoria, Mendicant orders, Mennonites, Merton thesis, Mesopotamia, Messiah, Messiah in Judaism, Messianic Judaism, Methodism, Metropolitan bishop, Miaphysitism, Michael Faraday, Middle Ages, Middle East, Middle East and North Africa, Millennialism, Ministry of Jesus, Miracles of Jesus, Mishneh Torah, Missionary, Modalistic Monarchianism, Molokans, Monastery, Monasticism, Mongol Empire, Monk, Monotheism, Moral, Moravian Church, Mormonism, Mortal sin, Muslim conquest of Persia, Muslim conquest of the Levant, Muslims, Nag Hammadi library, Napoleonic era, Nation state, National Council of Churches in Australia, National Post, Nativity of Jesus, Nativity scene, Near East, Neo-charismatic movement, Neoplatonism, Nestorian schism, Nestorianism, New Haven, Connecticut, New King James Version, New Perspective on Paul, New Testament, New York City, Nicene Christianity, Nicene Creed, Nicolaus Copernicus, Ninety-five Theses, Nobel Prize, Non-Chalcedonian Christianity, Nondenominational Christianity, Nontrinitarianism, North Africa, North America, Northolt, Norway, Notre-Dame de Paris, Nubia, Nun, Old Catholic Church, Old City of Jerusalem, Old Testament, Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament, Omnipotence, One true church, Oneness Pentecostalism, Open communion, Open Doors, Orans, Ordinance (Christianity), Ordination, Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Origen, Original sin, Orthodoxy, Ostrogothic Kingdom, Outline of Christianity, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Paganism, Pan-European identity, Papal primacy, Parament, Parthian Empire, Particular judgment, Passion of Jesus, Patriarch, Patriarchate, Patristics, Patrologia Graeca, Paul the Apostle, Pauline Christianity, Peace churches, Penal substitution, Penance, Pentarchy, Pentecost, Pentecostalism, Perichoresis, Persecution of Christians, Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union, Pew Research Center, Pharisees, Philosophy of science, Pietism, Plotinus, Plymouth Brethren, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Biographical Dictionary, Polycarp, Pope, Pope Gregory I, Pope Leo I, Pope Urban II, Porphyry (philosopher), Postchristianity, Postmodernism, Presbyter, Presbyterianism, Priest, Priesthood in the Catholic Church, Prima scriptura, Princeton University Press, Progress, Prophet, Prophets of Christianity, Prostration, Protestant work ethic, Protestantism by country, Protestation at Speyer, Proto-orthodox Christianity, Psalms, Puritans, Quakers, Queen of Heaven, Questions of Truth, Rabbi, Radical Reformation, Ransom theory of atonement, Rapture, Rashidun Caliphate, Ravi Zacharias, Reason, Reformation, Reformed Christianity, Reginald H. Fuller, Relationship between religion and science, Religion, Religion in Canada, Religious conversion, Religious denomination, Religious images in Christian theology, Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory, Religious violence, Religious war, Renaissance, Renaissance art, Renaissance humanism, Restoration Movement, Restorationism, Resurrection of Jesus, Revelation, Rice University, Richard S. Westfall, Ritual, Ritual purification, River Brethren, Robert Boyle, Robert M. Price, Rodney Stark, Roger E. Olson, Role of Christianity in civilization, Roman Empire, Roman Rite, Romanesque architecture, Rough breathing, Routledge, Rowman & Littlefield, Rule of Saint Benedict, Russia, Russian Far East, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Revolution, Sacramental bread, Sacramental wine, Sacred mysteries, Sacred tradition, Sacredness, Saint, Saint Dominic, Saint Thomas Christians, Salvation, Salvation in Christianity, Samoa, Sarcophagus, Sasanian Empire, Satisfaction theory of atonement, School of Alexandria, School of Antioch, Schwarzenau Brethren, Scientific Revolution, Scotland, Scribe, Second Coming, Second Council of Lyon, Second Council of Nicaea, Second Great Awakening, Second Vatican Council, Septuagint, Sermon, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Siberia, Sign of the cross, Singapore Management University, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Skepticism, Slavs, Socialism, Sola scriptura, Solemnity, Son of God, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Southeast Europe, Southern Cone, Spanish Civil War, Spiritual Christianity, Spread of Christianity, Standard works, State atheism, State religion, Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsistit in, Sui iuris, Summa contra Gentiles, Summa Theologica, Sydney E. Ahlstrom, Synaxis, Syria, Syriac Christianity, Syriac language, Syriac Orthodox Church, Taizé Community, Taizé, Saône-et-Loire, Tang dynasty, Ten Commandments, Tertullian, The Christian Community, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The gospel, The Guardian, The New Church (Swedenborgian), The New York Review of Books, The New York Times, The True Word, Theodosius I, Theophilus of Antioch, Theotokos, Third World, Thirty Years' War, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Müntzer, Tiridates III of Armenia, Tonga, Total depravity, Transubstantiation, Trinitarian formula, Trinity, Tritheism, Turkey, Turkish people, Tuvalu, Typology (theology), Ultramontanism, Umayyad Caliphate, Unification Church, Unitarian Church of Transylvania, Unitarian Universalism, Unitarianism, United and uniting churches, United Church of Canada, United Methodist Church, Uniting Church in Australia, University of Bologna, University of Fribourg, University of Melbourne, University of Oxford, University of Paris, University Press of America, Valentinian II, Value (ethics and social sciences), Vandals, Vatican City, Veneration, Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church, Vestment, Vine, Vision theory of Jesus' appearances, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vulgate, Waldensians, Wedding, Western Christianity, Western culture, Western esotericism, Western Europe, Western law, Western literature, Western Rite Orthodoxy, Western world, Why I Am Not a Christian, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William F. Albright, William Lane Craig, William Miller (preacher), Works of mercy, World Council of Churches, World Evangelical Alliance, World Methodist Council, World population, World Values Survey, Worldview, Yale University Press, 1910 World Missionary Conference.