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102 relations: Aaron Klug, Acetylation, Active chromatin sequence, Adenine, Albrecht Kossel, Anaphase, Arginine, ATAC-seq, Bird, Bivalent chromatin, Bookmarking, Cell (biology), Cell (journal), Cell cycle, Cell nucleus, CHD1L, CHD4, ChIP-sequencing, Chromatid, Chromatin remodeling, Chromatosome, Chromosome, Chromosome conformation capture, Cytosine, Density, Deoxyribonuclease I, DNA, DNA footprinting, DNA repair, DNA replication, DNase-Seq, Epigenetics, Euchromatin, Eukaryote, Exon, FAIRE-Seq, Francis Crick, Gene, Gene expression, Guanine, H2AFX, Heterochromatin, Histone, Histone-modifying enzymes, Interphase, Interrupted gene, Intron, James Watson, Karyotype, Linker DNA, ..., Macromolecule, Maurice Wilkins, Meiosis, Metaphase, Methods in Molecular Biology, Methylation, Mi-2/NuRD complex, Micrococcal nuclease, Mitosis, Molecular Microbiology (journal), MRE11A, Nanometre, Nature (journal), Nobel Prize, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nuclear lamina, Nucleic acid structure, Nucleoid, Nucleosome, Optical microscope, PARP1, Phillip Allen Sharp, PLOS One, Polycomb-group proteins, Position-effect variegation, Prokaryote, Protamine, Protein, Protozoa, Red blood cell, Reinforcement, Richard J. Roberts, RNA, RNA polymerase, RNF8, Roger D. Kornberg, Salt-and-pepper chromatin, Spermatid, Spermatozoon, Spermiogenesis, Springer Science+Business Media, The Proteolysis Map, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Thymine, Topologically associating domain, Transcription (biology), Transcriptional bursting, Trypanosomatida, Uracil, Walther Flemming, Z-DNA. Expand index (52 more) »
Aaron Klug
Sir Aaron Klug (born 11 August 1926) is a Lithuanian-born, South African-educated, British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.
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Acetylation
Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound.
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Active chromatin sequence
An active chromatin sequence (ACS) is a region of DNA in a eukaryotic chromosome in which histone modifications such as acetylation lead to exposure of the DNA sequence thus allowing binding of transcription factors and transcription to take place.
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Adenine
Adenine (A, Ade) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative).
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Albrecht Kossel
Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht Kossel (16 September 1853 – 5 July 1927) was a German biochemist and pioneer in the study of genetics.
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Anaphase
Anaphase (from the Greek ἀνά, "up" and φάσις, "stage"), is the stage of mitosis after the metaphase when replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter chromatids are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
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Arginine
Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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ATAC-seq
ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) is a technique used in molecular biology to study chromatin accessibility.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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Bivalent chromatin
Bivalent chromatin are segments of DNA, bound to histone proteins, that have both repressing and activating epigenetic regulators in the same region.
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Bookmarking
Bookmarking (also "gene bookmarking" or "mitotic bookmarking") refers to a potential mechanism of transmission of gene expression programs through cell division.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell (journal)
Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers across a broad range of disciplines within the life sciences.
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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CHD1L
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like (ALC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD1L gene.
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CHD4
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene.
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ChIP-sequencing
ChIP-sequencing, also known as ChIP-seq, is a method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA.
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Chromatid
A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + -id) is one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original chromosome by a single centromere.
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Chromatin remodeling
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression.
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Chromatosome
A chromatosome is a result of histone H1 binding to a nucleosome, which contains a histone octamer and DNA.
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Chromosome conformation capture
Chromosome conformation capture techniques (often abbreviated to 3C technologies or 3C-based methods) are a set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell.
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Cytosine
Cytosine (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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Density
The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
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Deoxyribonuclease I
Deoxyribonuclease I (usually called DNase I), is an endonuclease coded by the human gene DNASE1.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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DNA footprinting
DNA footprinting is a method of investigating the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins in vitro.
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DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
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DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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DNase-Seq
DNase-seq (DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing) is a method in molecular biology used to identify the location of regulatory regions, based on the genome-wide sequencing of regions sensitive to cleavage by DNase I. FAIRE-Seq is a successor of DNase-seq for the genome-wide identification of accessible DNA regions in the genome.
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
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Euchromatin
Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is enriched in genes, and is often (but not always) under active transcription.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
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FAIRE-Seq
FAIRE-Seq (Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) is a method in molecular biology used for determining the sequences of DNA regions in the genome associated with regulatory activity.
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Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson, work which was based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Maurice Wilkins.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Guanine
Guanine (or G, Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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H2AFX
H2AFX (H2A histone family, member X) is one of several genes coding for histone H2A.
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Heterochromatin
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties.
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Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
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Histone-modifying enzymes
The packaging of the eukaryotic genome into highly condensed chromatin makes it inaccessible to the factors required for gene transcription, DNA replication, recombination and repair.
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Interphase
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life.
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Interrupted gene
An interrupted gene (also called a split gene) is a gene that contains sections of DNA called exons, which are expressed as RNA and protein, interrupted by sections of DNA called introns, which are not expressed.
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Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.
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James Watson
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin.
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Karyotype
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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Linker DNA
Linker DNA is double-stranded DNA in between two nucleosome cores that, in association with histone H1, holds the cores together.
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Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by the polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers).
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Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born British physicist and molecular biologist, and Nobel laureate whose research contributed to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and to the development of radar.
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Metaphase
Metaphase (from the Greek μετά, "adjacent" and φάσις, "stage") is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are at their most condensed in anaphase).
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Methods in Molecular Biology
Methods in Molecular Biology is a book series published by Humana Press that covers molecular biology research methods and protocols.
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Methylation
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
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Mi-2/NuRD complex
In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities.
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Micrococcal nuclease
Micrococcal nuclease (S7 Nuclease, MNase, spleen endonuclease, thermonuclease, nuclease T, micrococcal endonuclease, nuclease T, staphylococcal nuclease, spleen phosphodiesterase, Staphylococcus aureus nuclease, Staphylococcus aureus nuclease B, ribonucleate (deoxynucleate) 3'-nucleotidohydrolase) is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids.
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Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
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Molecular Microbiology (journal)
Molecular Microbiology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of molecular microbiology.
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MRE11A
Double-strand break repair protein MRE11A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRE11A gene.
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Nanometre
The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina is a dense (~30 to 100 nm thick) fibrillar network inside the nucleus of most cells.
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Nucleic acid structure
Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
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Nucleoid
The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called genophore.
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Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores.
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Optical microscope
The optical microscope, often referred to as the light microscope, is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small subjects.
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PARP1
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP-1) also known as NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 or poly synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP1 gene.
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Phillip Allen Sharp
Phillip Allen Sharp (born June 6, 1944) is an American geneticist and molecular biologist who co-discovered RNA splicing.
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PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
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Polycomb-group proteins
Polycomb-group proteins are a family of proteins first discovered in fruit flies that can remodel chromatin such that epigenetic silencing of genes takes place.
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Position-effect variegation
Position-effect variegation (PEV) is a variegation caused by the silencing of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin via rearrangement or transposition.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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Protamine
Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protozoa
Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.
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Red blood cell
Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
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Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.
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Richard J. Roberts
Sir Richard John Roberts (born 6 September 1943) is an English biochemist and molecular biologist.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.
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RNF8
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNF8 gene.
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Roger D. Kornberg
Roger David Kornberg (born April 24, 1947) is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine.
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Salt-and-pepper chromatin
In pathology, salt-and-pepper chromatin, also salt-and-pepper nuclei and stippled chromatin, refers to cell nuclei that demonstrate granular chromatin (on light microscopy).
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Spermatid
The spermatid is the haploid male gametid that results from division of secondary spermatocytes.
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Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
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Spermiogenesis
Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which sees the maturation of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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The Proteolysis Map
The Proteolysis MAP (PMAP) is an integrated web resource focused on proteases.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity.
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Thymine
---> Thymine (T, Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T.
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Topologically associating domain
A topologically associating domain (TAD) is a self-interacting genomic region, meaning that DNA sequences within a TAD physically interact with each other more frequently than with sequences outside the TAD.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Transcriptional bursting
Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes in which transcription from DNA to RNA can occur in "bursts" or "pulses", which has been observed in diverse organisms, from bacteria to mammals.
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Trypanosomatida
Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid excavates distinguished by having only a single flagellum.
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Uracil
Uracil (U) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
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Walther Flemming
Walther Flemming (21 April 1843 – 4 August 1905) was a German biologist and a founder of cytogenetics.
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Z-DNA
Z-DNA is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA.
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Chromatin network, Chromatin organisation, Chromatin structure, Chromatine, Karyomitome, Nanometer fiber, Sex chromatin.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin
