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127 relations: ACE inhibitor, Acidosis, Acute kidney injury, Albumin, American Kidney Fund, American Society of Nephrology, Ammonia, Androgen, Anemia, Angiotensin II receptor blocker, Atherosclerosis, Azotemia, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Blood pressure, Blood test, Blood vessel, Bone remodeling, Calcifediol, Calciphylaxis, Calcitriol, Calcium, Cardiovascular disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chelation, Choosing Wisely, Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder, Clinical urine tests, Confusion, Creatinine, Death, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic nephropathy, Dialysis, Dimercaptosuccinic acid, Dysmenorrhea, Edema, El Salvador, Encephalopathy, Erectile dysfunction, Erythropoietin, Fibroblast growth factor 23, Fluid balance, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Glomerulonephritis, Heart arrhythmia, Heart failure, Hemodialysis, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Home hemodialysis, Hyperkalemia, ..., Hyperlipidemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypertension, Hypocalcaemia, IgA nephropathy, Insulin, International Society of Nephrology, Iron supplement, Iron-deficiency anemia, Kidney disease, Kidney failure, Kidney stone disease, Kidney transplantation, Lethargy, Libido, Lupus nephritis, Malaise, Medical history, Mesoamerican nephropathy, Metabolic acidosis, Myocardial infarction, National Kidney Foundation, National Service Framework, Nephrology, Nephrotic syndrome, Nicaragua, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Nuclear medicine, Olmesartan, Organ transplantation, Ossification, Parathyroid hormone, Pericarditis, Peritoneal dialysis, Phosphate, Phosphate binder, Phosphorus, Physical examination, Pinworm infection, Polycystic kidney disease, Potassium, Professional association, Prostate, Proteinuria, Public health, Pulmonary edema, Pyelonephritis, Quality of life, Radioisotope renography, Reflux nephropathy, Renal artery stenosis, Renal Association, Renal biopsy, Renal function, Renal osteodystrophy, Renal Physicians Association, Renal replacement therapy, Renal Support Network, Renal ultrasonography, Renin–angiotensin system, Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Sexual dysfunction, Specialty (medicine), Sri Lanka, Stroke, Sulodexide, Technetium-99, UK National Kidney Federation, Urea, Uremia, Uremic frost, Urine test strip, Vasculitis, Vitamin D, Vomiting, Zinc, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase. Expand index (77 more) »
ACE inhibitor
An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure.
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Acidosis
Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration).
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Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is an abrupt loss of kidney function that develops within 7 days.
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Albumin
The albumins (formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.
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American Kidney Fund
The American Kidney Fund (AKF) is a major publicly supported 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 1971.
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American Society of Nephrology
Founded in 1966, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) is the world’s largest professional society devoted to the study of kidney disease.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
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Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
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Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), also known as angiotensin II receptor antagonists, AT1 receptor antagonists or sartans, are a group of pharmaceuticals that modulate the renin–angiotensin system.
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.
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Azotemia
Azotemia (azot, "nitrogen" + -emia, "blood condition") is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds) in the blood.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate.
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Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
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Blood test
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick.
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Blood vessel
The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.
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Bone remodeling
Bone remodeling (or bone metabolism) is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation).
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Calcifediol
Calcifediol (INN), also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (abbreviated 25(OH)D), is a prehormone that is produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase which was isolated by Michael F. Holick.
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Calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), is a rare painful syndrome of calcification of the small blood vessels located within the fatty tissue and deeper layers of the skin, blood clots, and the death of skin cells due to too little blood flow.
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Calcitriol
Calcitriol (INN), also called 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and other variants, is the hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D which has three hydroxyl groups.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Chelation
Chelation is a type of bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions.
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Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM).
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Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder
Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease.
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Clinical urine tests
Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes.
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Confusion
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, from confundere: "to pour together;" "to mingle together;" "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something.
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Creatinine
Creatinine (or; from flesh) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
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Death
Death is the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus.
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Dialysis
In medicine, dialysis (from Greek διάλυσις, diàlysis, "dissolution"; from διά, dià, "through", and λύσις, lỳsis, "loosening or splitting") is the process of removing excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood in those whose native kidneys have lost the ability to perform these functions in a natural way.
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Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), also called succimer, is a medication used to treat lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning.
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Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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El Salvador
El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.
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Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy (from ἐγκέφαλος "brain" + πάθος "suffering") means any disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions.
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Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity.
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
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Fibroblast growth factor 23
Fibroblast growth factor 23 or FGF23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF23 gene.
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Fluid balance
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as a leading cause of kidney failure in adults.
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Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis (GN), also known as glomerular nephritis, is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys).
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Heart arrhythmia
Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, commonly called kidney dialysis or simply dialysis, is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally.
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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by a triad of hemolytic anemia (anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells), acute kidney failure (uremia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).
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Home hemodialysis
Home hemodialysis (HHD), is the provision of hemodialysis to purify the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally, in their own home.
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Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.
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Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia is abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood.
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Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of phosphate in the blood.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypocalcaemia
Hypocalcaemia, also spelled hypocalcemia, is low calcium levels in the blood serum.
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IgA nephropathy
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as IgA nephritis, Berger disease (and variations), or synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis, is a disease of the kidney (or nephropathy); specifically it is a form of glomerulonephritis or an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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International Society of Nephrology
The International Society of Nephrology (ISN) is an international body representing specialists in nephrology (kidney diseases).
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Iron supplement
Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia.
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Iron-deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron.
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Kidney disease
Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney.
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Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.
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Kidney stone disease
Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract.
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Kidney transplantation
Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease.
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Lethargy
Lethargy is a state of tiredness, weariness, fatigue, or lack of energy.
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Libido
Libido, colloquially known as sex drive, is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity.
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Lupus nephritis
Lupus nephritis (also known as SLE nephritis) is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.
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Malaise
Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness or pain, often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
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Medical history
The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.
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Mesoamerican nephropathy
Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) is a currently unexplained epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu), prevalent in the Pacific Ocean coastal low lands of the Mesoamerican region, including southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica.
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Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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National Kidney Foundation
The National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (NKF) is a major voluntary health organization in the United States, headquartered in New York City with over 30 local offices across the country.
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National Service Framework
A National Service Framework (NSF) is any of several policies set by the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom to define standards of care for major medical issues such as cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, kidney disease, long-term conditions, mental health, old age, and stroke care.
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Nephrology
Nephrology (from Greek nephros "kidney", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the kidneys: the study of normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).
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Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.
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Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Olmesartan
Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist which is used for the treatment of high blood pressure.
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Organ transplantation
Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.
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Ossification
Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.
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Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is important in bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time.
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Pericarditis
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
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Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis that uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Phosphate binder
Phosphate binders are medications used to reduce the absorption of phosphate and taken with meals and snacks.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
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Physical examination
A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.
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Pinworm infection
Pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm.
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Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Professional association
A professional association (also called a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is usually a nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest.
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Prostate
The prostate (from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.
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Proteinuria
Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine.
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Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".
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Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs.
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Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection.
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Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life.
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Radioisotope renography
Radioisotope renography is a form of medical imaging of the kidneys that uses radiolabelling.
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Reflux nephropathy
Reflux nephropathy is kidney damage (nephropathy) due to urine flowing backward (reflux) from the bladder toward the kidneys; the latter is called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
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Renal artery stenosis
Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one of the renal arteries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia.
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Renal Association
The Renal Association is a United Kingdom professional organisation of nephrologists (specialists in nephrology or kidney disease) and renal scientists.
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Renal biopsy
Renal biopsy (also kidney biopsy) is a medical procedure in which a small piece of kidney is removed from the body for examination, usually under a microscope.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Renal osteodystrophy
Renal osteodystrophy is currently defined as an alteration of bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Renal Physicians Association
The Renal Physicians Association (RPA) is an association representing nephrology professionals in the United States.
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Renal replacement therapy
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is therapy that replaces the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys.
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Renal Support Network
The Renal Support Network (RSN) is an American nonprofit, kidney patient-focused, kidney patient-run organization that works to benefit individuals affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Renal ultrasonography
Renal ultrasonography (Renal US) is the examination of one or both kidneys using medical ultrasound.
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Renin–angiotensin system
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) refers to the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and associated hyperplasia of the glands.
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Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction (or sexual malfunction or sexual disorder) is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.
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Specialty (medicine)
A specialty, or speciality, in medicine is a branch of medical practice.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Sulodexide
Sulodexide is a highly purified mixture of glycosaminoglycans composed of low molecular weight heparin (80%) and dermatan sulfate (20%).
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Technetium-99
Technetium-99 (99Tc) is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half-life of 211,000 years to stable ruthenium-99, emitting beta particles, but no gamma rays.
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UK National Kidney Federation
The UK National Kidney Federation, founded 1979, is a national kidney charity in the United Kingdom run by patients with kidney problems and their carers, for kidney patients.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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Uremia
Uremia is the condition of having "urea in the blood".
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Uremic frost
Uremic frost is a colloquial description for crystallized urea deposits that can be found on the skin of those affected by chronic kidney disease.
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Urine test strip
A urine test strip or dipstick test is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient’s urine in standard urinalysis.
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Vasculitis
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD3 1A hydroxylase) also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene.
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Causes of chronic kidney disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, Chronic Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Chronic kidney disease of unknown origin, Chronic kidney failure, Chronic renal disease, Chronic renal failure, Chronic renal failure syndrome, Chronic renal insufficiency, ESKD, End stage kidney disease, End stage renal failure, End-Stage Renal Disease, End-stage kidney disease, End-stage kidney failure, End-stage renal disease, End-stage renal failure, Kidney failure, chronic, Non-dialysis dependent, Renal insufficiency, Stage 3 CKD, Stage 4 CKD, Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease, Stage III CKD, Stage IV CKD, Stage V CKD.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease
