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Classical Chinese poetry forms

Index Classical Chinese poetry forms

Classical Chinese poetry forms are those poetry forms, or modes which typify the traditional Chinese poems written in Literary Chinese or Classical Chinese. [1]

91 relations: Achilles Fang, Antithetical couplet, Ban Gu, Book of Han, Caesura, Cantonese, Chengyu, Chinese art, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese poetry, Chu (state), Chu Ci, Ci (poetry), Classic of Poetry, Classical Chinese, Classical Chinese poetry, Classical Chinese poetry genres, Compound (linguistics), Confucius, Consort Ban, Couplet, End-stopping, Envoi, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Foot (prosody), Four Books and Five Classics, Fu (poetry), Gao Bing, Guo Pu, Han dynasty, Hugh M. Stimson, Hyperbole, Imperial examination, Jia Yi, Jin dynasty (265–420), Jueju, Large seal script, Lèse-majesté, Li Bai, Li Sao, List of Chinese-language poets, Lu Ji (Shiheng), Mandarin Chinese, May Fourth Movement, Metre (poetry), Middle Chinese, Music Bureau, Nineteen Old Poems, Old Chinese, Pailü, ..., Pinyin, Qijue, Qu (poetry), Qu Yuan, Quatrain, Regulated verse, Return to the Field, Rhythm, Rime dictionary, Rime table, Sanqu, Scansion, Shi (poetry), Shigin, Sima Xiangru, Six Dynasties, Six Dynasties poetry, Song dynasty, Song poetry, Song Yu, Spring and Autumn period, Stanza, Tang dynasty, Tang poetry, Three Character Classic, Tone (linguistics), Tone pattern, Wang Can, Wang Jian (poet), Warring States period, Wen fu, Wen Xuan, Western esotericism, Xiao Tong, Xunzi (book), Yan Yu (poetry theorist), Yang Xiong (author), Yuan dynasty, Yuefu, Zhang Heng, Zhou dynasty. Expand index (41 more) »

Achilles Fang

Achilles Chih-t'ung Fang (August 20, 1910November 22, 1995) was a Chinese scholar, translator, and educator, best known for his contributions to Chinese literature and comparative literature.

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Antithetical couplet

In Chinese poetry, a couplet is a pair of lines of poetry which adhere to certain rules (see below).

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Ban Gu

Ban Gu 班固 (32–92) was a Chinese historian, politician, and poet best known for his part in compiling the Book of Han, the second of China's 24 dynastic histories.

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Book of Han

The Book of Han or History of the Former Han is a history of China finished in 111, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE.

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Caesura

An example of a caesura in modern western music notation. A caesura (. caesuras or caesurae; Latin for "cutting"), also written cæsura and cesura, is a break in a verse where one phrase ends and the following phrase begins.

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Cantonese

The Cantonese language is a variety of Chinese spoken in the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding area in southeastern China.

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Chengyu

Chengyu are a type of traditional Chinese idiomatic expression, most of which consist of four characters.

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Chinese art

Chinese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists.

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Chinese calligraphy

Chinese calligraphy is a form of aesthetically pleasing writing (calligraphy), or, the artistic expression of human language in a tangible form.

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Chinese poetry

Chinese poetry is poetry written, spoken, or chanted in the Chinese language.

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Chu (state)

Chu (Old Chinese: *s-r̥aʔ) was a hegemonic, Zhou dynasty era state.

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Chu Ci

The Chu Ci, variously translated as Verses of Chu or Songs of Chu, is an anthology of Chinese poetry traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period (ended 221 BC), though about half of the poems seem to have been composed several centuries later, during the Han dynasty.

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Ci (poetry)

Cí (pronounced) is a type of lyric poetry in the tradition of Classical Chinese poetry.

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Classic of Poetry

The Classic of Poetry, also Shijing or Shih-ching, translated variously as the Book of Songs, Book of Odes, or simply known as the Odes or Poetry is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC.

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Classical Chinese

Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han Dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese.

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Classical Chinese poetry

Attributed to Han Gan, ''Huiyebai (Night-Shining White Steed)'', about 750 CE (Tang Dynasty). Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry written in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms, or modes; traditional genres; and connections with particular historical periods, such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.

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Classical Chinese poetry genres

Classical Chinese poetry genres are those genres which typify the traditional Chinese poems written in Classical Chinese.

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Compound (linguistics)

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem.

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Confucius

Confucius (551–479 BC) was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.

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Consort Ban

Consort Ban (c. 48 – c. 6 BCE), or Ban Jieyu, also known as Lady Ban (Pan), was a Chinese scholar and poet during the Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 23 CE).

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Couplet

A couplet is a pair of successive lines of metre in poetry.

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End-stopping

An end-stopped line is a feature in poetry in which the syntactic unit (phrase, clause, or sentence) corresponds in length to the line.

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Envoi

An envoi or envoy is a short stanza at the end of a poem such as ballad used either to address an imagined or actual person or to comment on the preceding body of the poem.

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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century Imperial China.

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Foot (prosody)

The foot is the basic repeating rhythmic unit that forms part of a line of verse in most Western traditions of poetry, including English accentual-syllabic verse and the quantitative meter of classical ancient Greek and Latin poetry.

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Four Books and Five Classics

The Four Books and Five Classics are the authoritative books of Confucianism in China written before 300 BC.

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Fu (poetry)

Fu, sometimes translated "rhapsody" or "poetic exposition", is a form of Chinese rhymed prose that was the dominant literary form during the Han dynasty (206AD220).

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Gao Bing

Gao Bing (高棅, 1350 to 1423) flourished during the newly established Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) as an author and poetry theorist.

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Guo Pu

Guo Pu (AD 276324), courtesy name Jingchun (景純), was a Chinese writer and scholar during the Eastern Jin period, and is best known as one of China's foremost commentators on ancient texts.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Hugh M. Stimson

Hugh McBirney Stimson (December 5, 1931 – January 24, 2011) was an American sinologist and linguist who specialised in the poetry of the Tang Dynasty (618–907).

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Hyperbole

Hyperbole (ὑπερβολή, huperbolḗ, from ὑπέρ (hupér, "above") and βάλλω (bállō, "I throw")) is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.

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Imperial examination

The Chinese imperial examinations were a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy.

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Jia Yi

Jia Yi (c. 200169 BCE) was a Chinese writer, poet and politician of the Western Han dynasty, best known as one of the earliest known writers of ''fu'' rhapsody and for his essay "Disquisition Finding Fault with Qin" (Guò Qín Lùn 過秦論), which criticises the Qin dynasty and describes Jia's opinions on the reasons for its collapse.

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Jin dynasty (265–420)

The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (sometimes distinguished as the or) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420.

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Jueju

Jueju, or Chinese quatrain, is a type of jintishi ("modern form poetry") that grew popular among Chinese poets in the Tang Dynasty (618–907), although traceable to earlier origins.

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Large seal script

Large Seal script or Great Seal script is a traditional reference to Chinese writing from before the Qin dynasty, and is now popularly understood to refer narrowly to the writing of the Western and early Eastern Zhou dynasties, and more broadly to also include the oracle bone script.

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Lèse-majesté

Lèse-majesté (or; also lese-majesty, lese majesty or leze majesty) is the crime of violating majesty, an offence against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state.

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Li Bai

Li Bai (701–762), also known as Li Bo, Li Po and Li Taibai, was a Chinese poet acclaimed from his own day to the present as a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights.

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Li Sao

"Li Sao" is a Chinese poem dating from the Warring States period of ancient China.

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List of Chinese-language poets

Poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in the languages of China.

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Lu Ji (Shiheng)

Lu Ji (261–303), courtesy name Shiheng, was a writer and literary critic who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China.

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Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin is a group of related varieties of Chinese spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.

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May Fourth Movement

The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student participants in Beijing on 4 May 1919, protesting against the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsingtao.

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Metre (poetry)

In poetry, metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.

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Middle Chinese

Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions.

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Music Bureau

The Music Bureau (Traditional Chinese: 樂府; Simplified Chinese: 乐府; Hanyu Pinyin: yuèfǔ, and sometimes known as the "Imperial Music Bureau") served in the capacity of an organ of various imperial government bureaucracies of China: discontinuously and in various incarnations, the Music Bureau was charged directly, by the emperor (or other monarchical ruler), or indirectly, through the royal (or imperial) government to perform various tasks related to music, poetry, entertainment, or religious worship.

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Nineteen Old Poems

Nineteen Old Poems, also known as Ku-shih shih-chiu shou is an anthology of Chinese poems, consisting of nineteen poems which were probably originally collected during the Han Dynasty.

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Old Chinese

Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese.

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Pailü

Pailü (Chinese: t 排律, s 排律, p páilǜ; Cantonese: Paai4-leot6) is one of the main forms of Classical Chinese poetry.

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Pinyin

Hanyu Pinyin Romanization, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan.

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Qijue

Qiyan jueju (七言絕句; abbr. qijue 七絕), known in Japan as is a type of jueju poetry form consisting of four phrases each seven Chinese characters (or kanji) in length.

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Qu (poetry)

The Qu form of poetry is a type of Classical Chinese poetry form, consisting of words written in one of a number of certain, set tone patterns, based upon the tunes of various songs.

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Qu Yuan

Qu Yuan (–278 BC) was a Chinese poet and minister who lived during the Warring States period of ancient China.

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Quatrain

A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

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Regulated verse

Regulated verse – also known as Jintishi – is a development within Classical Chinese poetry of the shi main formal type.

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Return to the Field

Return to the Field (歸田賦) is a literary work written in the Chinese style known as a rhapsody, or ''fu'' style: it is by Zhang Heng (AD 78–139), an official, inventor, mathematician, and astronomer of the Han Dynasty of China (202 BC–220 AD).

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Rhythm

Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός, rhythmos, "any regular recurring motion, symmetry") generally means a "movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions".

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Rime dictionary

A rime dictionary, rhyme dictionary, or rime book is an ancient type of Chinese dictionary that collates characters by tone and rhyme, instead of by radical.

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Rime table

A rime table or rhyme table is a Chinese phonological model, tabulating the syllables of the series of rime dictionaries beginning with the Qieyun (601) by their onsets, rhyme groups, tones and other properties.

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Sanqu

Sanqu refers to a fixed-rhythm form of Classical Chinese poetry, or "literary song".

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Scansion

Scansion (rhymes with mansion; verb: to scan), or a system of scansion, is the method or practice of determining and (usually) graphically representing the metrical pattern of a line of verse.

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Shi (poetry)

Shi and shih are romanizations of the character 詩 or 诗, the Chinese word for all poetry generally and across all languages.

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Shigin

Shigin is a performance of reciting a Japanese poem or a Chinese poem read in Japanese, each poem (.

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Sima Xiangru

Sima Xiangru (c. 179117BC) was a Chinese poet, writer, musician, and politician who lived during the Western Han Dynasty.

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Six Dynasties

Six Dynasties (Chinese: 六朝; Pinyin: Liù Cháo; 220 or 222–589) is a collective term for six Chinese dynasties in China during the periods of the Three Kingdoms (220–280 AD), Jin dynasty (265–420), and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589).

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Six Dynasties poetry

Six Dynasties poetry refers to those types or styles of poetry particularly associated with the Six Dynasties era of China (220 CE – 589 CE).

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Song poetry

Song poetry refers to Classical Chinese poetry of or typical of the Song dynasty of China (960–1279).

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Song Yu

Song Yu (298–263 BC) was an ancient Chinese writer from the late Warring States period, and is known as the traditional author of a number of poems in the ''Verses of Chu (Chu ci'' 楚辭'')''.

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Spring and Autumn period

The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 771 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou Period.

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Stanza

In poetry, a stanza (from Italian stanza, "room") is a grouped set of lines within a poem, usually set off from other stanzas by a blank line or indentation.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tang poetry

Tang poetry refers to poetry written in or around the time of or in the characteristic style of China's Tang dynasty, (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907, including the 690–705 reign of Wu Zetian) and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry.

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Three Character Classic

The Three Character Classic, Trimetric Classic or Sanzijing is one of the Chinese classic texts.

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Tone (linguistics)

Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.

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Tone pattern

Tone patterns are common constraints in classical Chinese poetry.

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Wang Can

Wang Can (177–217), courtesy name Zhongxuan, was an official, scholar and poet who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.

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Wang Jian (poet)

Wang Jian (766?–831?) was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty.

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Warring States period

The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history of warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation, following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the Qin wars of conquest that saw the annexation of all other contender states, which ultimately led to the Qin state's victory in 221 BC as the first unified Chinese empire known as the Qin dynasty.

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Wen fu

Wen fu, translated as "Essay on Literature, " "The Poetic Exposition on Literature" or "Rhymeprose on Literature, " is an important work in the history of fu poetry itself written in the Fu poetic form by the poet, general, and statesman Lu Ji (261-303), which expounds the philosophical basis of poetry and its rhetorical forms.

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Wen Xuan

The Wen Xuan, or Selections of Refined Literature, is one of the earliest and most important anthologies of Chinese poetry and literature, and is one of the world's oldest literary anthologies to be arranged by topic.

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Western esotericism

Western esotericism (also called esotericism and esoterism), also known as the Western mystery tradition, is a term under which scholars have categorised a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements which have developed within Western society.

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Xiao Tong

Xiao Tong (September/October 501 – 30 May 531), courtesy name Deshi (德施), formally Crown Prince Zhaoming (昭明太子, literally "Accomplished and Understanding Crown Prince"), was a Crown Prince of the Chinese Liang Dynasty, posthumously honored as Emperor Zhaoming (昭明皇帝).

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Xunzi (book)

The Xunzi is an ancient Chinese collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xun Kuang, a 3rd century BC philosopher usually associated with the Confucian tradition.

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Yan Yu (poetry theorist)

Yan Yu (1191–1241p. 11, The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 2010) was a Chinese poetry theorist and poet of the southern Song Dynasty.

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Yang Xiong (author)

Yang Xiong (53 BCE–18 CE) was a Chinese poet, philosopher, and politician of the Han dynasty known for his philosophical writings and ''fu'' poetry compositions.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.

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Yuefu

Yuefu are Chinese poems composed in a folk song style.

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Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng (AD 78–139), formerly romanized as Chang Heng, was a Han Chinese polymath from Nanyang who lived during the Han dynasty.

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Zhou dynasty

The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese_poetry_forms

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