Table of Contents
406 relations: Acacia, Academic Press, Acid, Aden, Adenosine receptor, AeroPress, Age of Sail, Albizia, Aleppo, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Birding Association, American Journal of Epidemiology, American Revolution, American Revolutionary War, American University, Anorectic, Antioxidant, Apocrypha, Arabic, Arbor Day Foundation, Ashkenazi Jews, Asian palm civet, Atlantic Forest, Automation, Average Joe, B vitamins, Baba Budan, Balliol College, Oxford, Bar (unit), Barista, Basic Books, Battle of Vienna, Bean, Beetle, Belgium, Beliefnet, Bentham Science Publishers, Berbera, Bioeconomy, Blade grinder, Bloomberg News, Blueberry, Boma Plateau, Bon Appétit, Bone fracture, Boston Tea Party, Brazil, Break (work), Brill Publishers, Burr mill, ... Expand index (356 more) »
- Drinks
- Herbal and fungal stimulants
Acacia
Acacia, commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae.
Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.
See Coffee and Acid
Aden
Aden (Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩵𐩬) is a port city located in Yemen in the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, positioned near the eastern approach to the Red Sea.
See Coffee and Aden
Adenosine receptor
The adenosine receptors (or P1 receptors) are a class of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as the endogenous ligand.
See Coffee and Adenosine receptor
AeroPress
The AeroPress is a manual coffeemaker invented by Alan Adler, founder of AeroPress, Inc.
Age of Sail
The Age of Sail is a period in European history that lasted at the latest from the mid-16th (or mid-15th) to the mid-19th centuries, in which the dominance of sailing ships in global trade and warfare culminated, particularly marked by the introduction of naval artillery, and ultimately reached its highest extent at the advent of the analogue Age of Steam.
Albizia
Albizia is a genus of more than 160 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae.
Aleppo
Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.
American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.
See Coffee and American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Birding Association
The American Birding Association (ABA) is a nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, dedicated to recreational birding in Canada and the United States.
See Coffee and American Birding Association
American Journal of Epidemiology
The American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE) is a peer-reviewed journal for empirical research findings, opinion pieces, and methodological developments in the field of epidemiological research.
See Coffee and American Journal of Epidemiology
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a rebellion and political movement in the Thirteen Colonies which peaked when colonists initiated an ultimately successful war for independence against the Kingdom of Great Britain.
See Coffee and American Revolution
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a military conflict that was part of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.
See Coffee and American Revolutionary War
American University
American University (AU or American) is a private federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Its main campus spans 90 acres (36 ha) on Ward Circle, mostly in the Spring Valley neighborhood of Northwest D.C. American University was chartered by an Act of Congress in 1893 at the urging of Methodist bishop John Fletcher Hurst, who sought to create an institution that would promote public service, internationalism, and pragmatic idealism.
See Coffee and American University
Anorectic
An anorectic or anorexic is a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss.
Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals.
Apocrypha
Apocrypha are biblical or related writings not forming part of the accepted canon of scripture.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arbor Day Foundation
The Arbor Day Foundation is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit membership organization dedicated to planting trees.
See Coffee and Arbor Day Foundation
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.
Asian palm civet
The Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia.
See Coffee and Asian palm civet
Atlantic Forest
The Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina, where the region is known as Selva Misionera.
See Coffee and Atlantic Forest
Automation
Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, mainly by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines.
Average Joe
The terms average Joe, ordinary Joe, regular Joe, Joe Sixpack, Joe Lunchbucket, Joe Snuffy, Joe Blow, Joe Schmoe (for males), and ordinary Jane, average Jane, and plain Jane (for females), are used primarily in North America to refer to a completely average person, typically an average American.
B vitamins
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells.
Baba Budan
Baba Budan was a 17th-century Sufi, whose shrine is at Baba Budangiri, Chikkamagalur, Karnataka, India.
Balliol College, Oxford
Balliol College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford.
See Coffee and Balliol College, Oxford
Bar (unit)
The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI).
Barista
A barista ("bartender") is a person, usually a coffeehouse employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks and other beverages.
Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group.
Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months.
See Coffee and Battle of Vienna
Bean
A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. Coffee and bean are crops.
See Coffee and Bean
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Holometabola.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.
Beliefnet
Beliefnet is a Christian lifestyle website featuring editorial content related to the topics of inspiration, spirituality, health, wellness, love and family, news, and entertainment.
Bentham Science Publishers
Bentham Science Publishers is a company that publishes scientific, technical, and medical journals and e-books.
See Coffee and Bentham Science Publishers
Berbera
Berbera (Barbara, بربرة) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country, located approximately 160 km from the national capital, Hargeisa.
Bioeconomy
Biobased economy, bioeconomy or biotechonomy is economic activity involving the use of biotechnology and biomass in the production of goods, services, or energy.
Blade grinder
A blade grinder, also known as propeller grinder, is a machine that chops material while mixing it, by means of a high-speed spinning blade.
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
Blueberry
Blueberry is a widely distributed and widespread group of perennial flowering plant with blue or purple berries.
Boma Plateau
The Boma Plateau is a region in the east of South Sudan, located in the Jonglei and Eastern Equatoria provinces.
Bon Appétit
Bon Appétit is a monthly American food and entertaining magazine, that typically contains recipes, entertaining ideas, restaurant recommendations, and wine reviews.
Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body.
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest on December 16, 1773, by the Sons of Liberty in Boston in colonial Massachusetts.
See Coffee and Boston Tea Party
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.
Break (work)
A break at work (or work-break) is a period of time during a shift in which an employee is allowed to take time off from their job.
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Coffee and Brill Publishers
Burr mill
A burr mill, or burr grinder, is a mill used to grind hard, small food products between two revolving abrasive surfaces separated by a distance usually set by the user.
CAB International
CABI (legally CAB International, formerly Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux) is a nonprofit intergovernmental development and information organisation focusing primarily on agricultural and environmental issues in the developing world, and the creation, curation, and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
See Coffee and CAB International
Caffè americano
Caffè americano (café americano), also known as americano or American, is a type of coffee drink prepared by diluting an espresso shot with hot water at a 1:3 to 1:4 ratio, resulting in a drink that retains the complex flavors of espresso, but in a lighter way.
See Coffee and Caffè americano
Caffè macchiato
Caffè macchiato, sometimes called espresso macchiato and often shortened to just macchiato in English, is an espresso coffee drink with a small amount of milk, usually foamed.
See Coffee and Caffè macchiato
Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
Caffeine dependence
Caffeine dependence is a condition characterized by a set of criteria, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to control use, and continued use despite knowledge of adverse consequences attributed to caffeine.
See Coffee and Caffeine dependence
Canada
Canada is a country in North America.
Canned coffee
is a pre-brewed version of the beverage, sold ready to drink.
Cappuccino
Cappuccino (cappuccini; from German Kapuziner) is an espresso-based coffee drink that is traditionally prepared with steamed milk including a layer of milk foam.
Caramelization
Caramelization is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting rich, butter-like flavor and brown color.
Cash crop
A cash crop, also called profit crop, is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit. Coffee and cash crop are crops.
Cassia (genus)
Cassia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Species are known commonly as cassias. The genus includes 37 species and has a pantropical distribution. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 14 August 2023. Species of the genera Senna and Chamaecrista were previously included in Cassia.
Casuarina
Casuarina, also known as she-oak, Australian pine and native pine, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae, and is native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa.
Cezve
A (cezve,; џезва; جِذوَة), also / (μπρίκι), (սրճեփ) is a small long-handled pot with a pouring lip designed specifically to make Turkish coffee.
See Coffee and Cezve
Charles II of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651 and King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685.
See Coffee and Charles II of England
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
Clinical trial
Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison.
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Coffee and CNN
Coffea
Coffea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Coffee and Coffea are crops and Herbal and fungal stimulants.
Coffea arabica
Coffea arabica, also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae.
Coffea canephora
Coffea canephora (especially C. canephora var. robusta, so predominantly cultivated that it is often simply termed Coffea robusta, or commonly robusta coffee) is a species of coffee plant that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa.
See Coffee and Coffea canephora
Coffea liberica
Coffea liberica, commonly known as the Liberian coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae from which coffee is produced.
See Coffee and Coffea liberica
Coffea stenophylla
Coffea stenophylla, also known as highland coffee or Sierra Leone coffee, is a species of Coffea originating from West Africa.
See Coffee and Coffea stenophylla
Coffee
Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans. Coffee and coffee are crops, drinks, Herbal and fungal stimulants, hot drinks and non-alcoholic drinks.
Coffee bean
A coffee bean is a seed from the Coffea plant and the source for coffee. Coffee and coffee bean are crops.
Coffee extraction
Coffee extraction occurs when hot water is poured over coffee grounds, causing desirable compounds such as caffeine, carbohydrates, lipids, melanoidins and acids to be extracted from the grounds.
See Coffee and Coffee extraction
Coffee filter
A coffee filter is a filter used for various coffee brewing methods including but not limited to drip coffee filtering.
Coffee percolator
A coffee percolator is a type of pot used for the brewing of coffee by continually cycling the boiling or nearly boiling brew through the grounds using gravity until the required strength is reached.
See Coffee and Coffee percolator
Coffee preparation
Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into liquid coffee.
See Coffee and Coffee preparation
Coffee production
Coffee production is the industrial process of converting the raw fruit of the coffee plant into the finished coffee.
See Coffee and Coffee production
Coffee production in Brazil
Brazil produces about a third of the world's coffee, making the country by far the world's largest producer.
See Coffee and Coffee production in Brazil
Coffee production in Colombia
Coffee production in Colombia has a reputation for producing mild, well-balanced coffee beans.
See Coffee and Coffee production in Colombia
Coffee production in Indonesia
Indonesia was the fourth-largest producer of coffee in the world in 2014.
See Coffee and Coffee production in Indonesia
Coffee roasting
Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products.
See Coffee and Coffee roasting
Coffee root-knot nematode
There are many plant-parasitic species in the root-knot nematode genus (Meloidogyne) that attack coffee such as M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. exigua, M. javanica and M. coffeicola.
See Coffee and Coffee root-knot nematode
Coffee vending machine
The coffee vending machine is a vending machine that dispenses hot coffee and other coffee beverages.
See Coffee and Coffee vending machine
Coffee wastewater
Coffee wastewater, also known as coffee effluent, is a byproduct of coffee processing.
See Coffee and Coffee wastewater
Coffeehouse
A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that serves various types of coffee, espresso, latte, americano and cappuccino.
Coffeemaker
A coffeemaker, coffee maker or coffee machine is a cooking appliance used to brew coffee.
Cold brew coffee
Cold brew coffee, also called cold water extraction or cold pressing, is the process of steeping coffee grounds in water at cool temperatures for an extended period.
See Coffee and Cold brew coffee
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.
Commission for Environmental Cooperation
The Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC; Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental; Commission de coopération environnementale) is an intergovernmental organization established by Canada, Mexico, and the United States to implement the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement.
See Coffee and Commission for Environmental Cooperation
Commodity market
A commodity market is a market that trades in the primary economic sector rather than manufactured products, such as cocoa, fruit and sugar.
See Coffee and Commodity market
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, often simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is an international association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire from which it developed.
See Coffee and Commonwealth of Nations
Compost
Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties.
Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third-largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around.
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in the Central American region of North America.
Cream
Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.
See Coffee and Cream
Crete
Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
See Coffee and Crete
Cultural Critique
Cultural Critique is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published across the fields of cultural studies, literary theory, political science, philosophy, and sociology.
See Coffee and Cultural Critique
Cushitic languages
The Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Coffee and Cushitic languages
Damascus
Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.
Decaffeination
Decaffeination is the removal ("de-") of caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves, and other caffeine-containing materials.
Deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
Denmark
Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Coffee and Developing country
Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes take part in the chemical process of digestion, which follows the mechanical process of digestion.
See Coffee and Digestive enzyme
Diner
A diner is a type of restaurant found across the United States and Canada, as well as parts of Western Europe.
See Coffee and Diner
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering colorectal surgery.
See Coffee and Diseases of the Colon & Rectum
Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. Coffee and drink are drinks.
See Coffee and Drink
Drip coffee
Drip coffee is made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans, allowing it to brew while seeping through.
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, abbreviated as VOC), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world.
See Coffee and Dutch East India Company
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.
See Coffee and East India Company
Elevenses
Elevenses is a short break taken at around 11:00a.m. to consume a drink or snack.
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
The Encyclopaedia Aethiopica (EAe) is a basic English-language encyclopaedia for Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
See Coffee and Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.
See Coffee and Environmental degradation
Environmental impact of pesticides
The environmental effects of pesticides describe the broad series of consequences of using pesticides.
See Coffee and Environmental impact of pesticides
Erythrina
Erythrina is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae.
Espresso
Espresso (espressi) is a concentrated form of coffee produced by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely-ground coffee beans. Coffee and Espresso are hot drinks.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
Ethiopian Highlands
The Ethiopian Highlands (also called the Abyssinian Highlands) is a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia in Northeast Africa.
See Coffee and Ethiopian Highlands
Etymology
Etymology (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the scientific study of words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".) is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of a word's semantic meaning across time, including its constituent morphemes and phonemes.
EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products
The EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products (abbreviated EUDR) is a European Union regulation on deforestation.
See Coffee and EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
European Fair Trade Association
The European Fair Trade Association (EFTA) is a Dutch association established informally in 1987.
See Coffee and European Fair Trade Association
European Food Safety Authority
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.
See Coffee and European Food Safety Authority
European Free Trade Association
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
See Coffee and European Free Trade Association
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
Evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year.
Evergreen State College
The Evergreen State College is a public liberal arts college in Olympia, Washington.
See Coffee and Evergreen State College
Exchange-traded fund
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a type of investment fund that is also an exchange-traded product, i.e., it is traded on stock exchanges.
See Coffee and Exchange-traded fund
Fair trade
Fair trade is a term for an arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve sustainable and equitable trade relationships.
Fair trade certification
A fair trade certification is a product certification within the market-based movement of fair trade.
See Coffee and Fair trade certification
Fair trade impact studies
Impact evaluation of fair trade systems, like cost-benefit analysis, start with the premise that any intervention in an economic system has various impacts throughout that system: some significant, many small; some costs, some benefits; some people benefit, others are harmed.
See Coffee and Fair trade impact studies
Fairtrade International
Fairtrade International, or Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International E.V. is a product-oriented multistakeholder group aimed at promoting the lives of farmers and workers through trade.
See Coffee and Fairtrade International
Feces
Feces (or faeces;: faex) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.
See Coffee and Feces
Federal government of Brazil
The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district.
See Coffee and Federal government of Brazil
Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes.
Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions.
See Coffee and Fermentation in food processing
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
Flat white
A flat white is a coffee drink consisting of espresso and steamed milk.
Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
See Coffee and Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
Food Network
Food Network is an American basic cable channel owned by Television Food Network, G.P., a joint venture and general partnership between Warner Bros. Discovery Networks (which holds a 69% ownership stake of the network) and Nexstar Media Group (which owns the remaining 31%).
Food Quality and Preference
Food Quality and Preference is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of sensory and consumer science, published by Elsevier.
See Coffee and Food Quality and Preference
Forest degradation
Forest degradation is a process in which the biological wealth of a forest area is permanently diminished by some factor or by a combination of factors.
See Coffee and Forest degradation
Frappé coffee
A frappé coffee, cold coffee, Greek frappé, or just frappé (φραπέ) is a Greek iced coffee drink generally made from spray-dried instant coffee, water, sugar, and milk.
Frederick the Great
Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.
See Coffee and Frederick the Great
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Free Radical Biology and Medicine is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and official journal of the Society for Redox Biology and Medicine.
See Coffee and Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Freeze drying
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation.
French press
A French press, also known as a cafetière, cafetière à piston, caffettiera a stantuffo, press pot, coffee press, or coffee plunger, is a coffee brewing device, although it can also be used for other tasks.
Fresh water
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.
Friedrich Adolf Riedesel
The Baron Friedrich Adolf Riedesel zu Eisenbach (3 June 1738 – 6 January 1800) was a senior officer of Brunswick–Luneburg troops who commanded jägers in the Northern theater of the American War of Independence.
See Coffee and Friedrich Adolf Riedesel
Frost & Sullivan
Frost & Sullivan is an American business consulting firm.
See Coffee and Frost & Sullivan
Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering (see Fruit anatomy).
See Coffee and Fruit
Futures contract
In finance, a futures contract (sometimes called futures) is a standardized legal contract to buy or sell something at a predetermined price for delivery at a specified time in the future, between parties not yet known to each other.
See Coffee and Futures contract
Gabriel de Clieu
Gabriel-Mathieu Francois D'ceus de Clieu (c. 1687 – 29 November 1774) was a French naval officer and the governor of Guadeloupe from 1737 to 1752 and the founder of Pointe-à-Pitre.
See Coffee and Gabriel de Clieu
Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources.
See Coffee and Gale (publisher)
Gastrocolic reflex
The gastrocolic reflex or gastrocolic response is a physiological reflex that controls the motility, or peristalsis, of the gastrointestinal tract following a meal.
See Coffee and Gastrocolic reflex
George Washington (inventor)
George Constant Louis Washington (May 20, 1871 – March 29, 1946) was a Belgian inventor and businessman.
See Coffee and George Washington (inventor)
Gliricidia
Gliricidia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae and tribe Robinieae.
Global Exchange
Global Exchange was founded in 1988 and is an advocacy group, human rights organization, and a 501(c)(3) organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States.
See Coffee and Global Exchange
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
Grevillea robusta
Grevillea robusta, commonly known as the southern silky oak, silk oak or silky oak, silver oak or Australian silver oak, is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and accordingly unrelated to true oaks, family Fagaceae.
See Coffee and Grevillea robusta
Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.
Guinea
Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa.
Gut (journal)
Gut is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal on gastroenterology and hepatology.
Gynoecium
Gynoecium (gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.
Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species.
See Coffee and Habitat destruction
Haiti
Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas.
See Coffee and Haiti
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution (révolution haïtienne or La guerre de l'indépendance; Lagè d Lendependans) was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti.
See Coffee and Haitian Revolution
Harar
Harar (ሐረር; Harari: ሀረር; Adare Biyyo; Herer; هرر), known historically by the indigenous as Harar-Gey or simply Gey (Harari: ጌይ Gēy), is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia.
See Coffee and Harar
Harmane
Harmane (harman) is a heterocyclic amine found in a variety of foods including coffee, sauces, and cooked meat.
Hemileia vastatrix
Hemileia vastatrix is a multicellular basidiomycete fungus of the order Pucciniales (previously also known as Uredinales) that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR), a disease affecting the coffee plant.
See Coffee and Hemileia vastatrix
Hemiptera
Hemiptera is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs.
History of coffee
The history of coffee dates back centuries in Ethiopia and Yemen.
See Coffee and History of coffee
Home roasting coffee
Home roasting is the process of roasting coffee from green coffee beans on a small scale for personal consumption.
See Coffee and Home roasting coffee
Horn of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.
Horticulture
Horticulture is the art and science of growing plants.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.
See Coffee and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
HuffPost
HuffPost (The Huffington Post until 2017; often abbreviated as HuffPo) is an American progressive news website, with localized and international editions.
Hypothenemus hampei
Hypothenemus hampei, the coffee berry borer, is a small beetle native to Africa.
See Coffee and Hypothenemus hampei
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Makkī al-Anṣārī known as Ibn Hajar al-Haytami al-Makki (ابن حجر الهيتمي المكي) was a renowned Sunni Egyptian scholar.
See Coffee and Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
Ibn Sa'd
Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd (ابن سعد) and nicknamed Scribe of Waqidi (Katib al-Waqidi), was a scholar and Arabian biographer.
Iced coffee
Iced coffee is a coffee beverage served cold.
Iceland
Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe.
Immigration to Brazil
Immigration to Brazil is the movement to Brazil of foreign peoples to reside permanently.
See Coffee and Immigration to Brazil
In vitro
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Coffee and Indian subcontinent
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Infrared
Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.
Inga
Inga is a genus of small tropical, tough-leaved, nitrogen-fixing treesElkan, Daniel.
See Coffee and Inga
Intercontinental Exchange
Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE) is an American multinational financial services company formed in 2000 that operates global financial exchanges and clearing houses and provides mortgage technology, data and listing services.
See Coffee and Intercontinental Exchange
Intercropping
Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice that involves the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field, a form of polyculture. Coffee and Intercropping are crops.
International Coffee Day
International Coffee Day (1 October) is an occasion that is used to promote and celebrate coffee as a beverage, with events now occurring in places around the world.
See Coffee and International Coffee Day
International Coffee Organization
The International Coffee Organization (ICO) was set up in 1963 in London, under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) due to the economic importance of coffee.
See Coffee and International Coffee Organization
Irish coffee
Irish coffee (caife Gaelach) is a caffeinated alcoholic drink consisting of Irish whiskey, hot coffee and sugar, which has been stirred and topped with cream (sometimes cream liqueur).
Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia.
See Coffee and Java
Jewish Telegraphic Agency
The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency and wire service that primarily covers Judaism- and Jewish-related topics and news.
See Coffee and Jewish Telegraphic Agency
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period.
See Coffee and Johann Sebastian Bach
John B. Watson
John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school.
John Burgoyne
General John Burgoyne (24 February 1722 – 4 August 1792) was a British general, dramatist and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1761 to 1792.
John Evelyn
John Evelyn (31 October 162027 February 1706) was an English writer, landowner, gardener, courtier and minor government official, who is now best known as a diarist.
Josephus Daniels
Josephus Daniels (May 18, 1862 – January 15, 1948) was an American diplomat and newspaper editor from the 1880s until his death, who managed The News & Observer in Raleigh, at the time North Carolina's largest circulation newspaper, for decades.
See Coffee and Josephus Daniels
Joule (journal)
Joule is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press.
See Coffee and Joule (journal)
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
The Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering agricultural science and bioethics.
See Coffee and Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
Journal of Consumer Affairs
The Journal of Consumer Affairs is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1967 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Council on Consumer Interests.
See Coffee and Journal of Consumer Affairs
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
The Journal of Food Composition and Analysis is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on human food composition.
See Coffee and Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics published by Elsevier.
See Coffee and Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
The Journal of the American College of Cardiology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of cardiovascular disease, including original clinical studies, translational investigations with clear clinical relevance, state-of-the-art papers, review articles, and editorials interpreting and commenting on the research presented, published by the American College of Cardiology.
See Coffee and Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Kaffa Province
Kaffa (Amharic: ካፋ) was a province on the southwestern side of Ethiopia; its capital city was Bonga.
Kahlúa
Kahlúa is a brand of coffee liqueur owned by the Pernod Ricard company and produced in Veracruz, Mexico.
Kaldi
Kaldi was a legendary Ethiopian goatherd who is credited for discovering the coffee plant around 850 CE, according to popular legend, after which such crop entered the Islamic world and then the rest of the world.
See Coffee and Kaldi
Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.
See Coffee and Kenya
Khat
Khat or qat, Catha edulis (ch’at; Oromo: Jimaa, qaad, jaat, khaad or khat, القات al-qāt, Swahili: miraa, muguka, jaba, veve or aluta) is a flowering plant native to eastern and southeastern Africa. Coffee and khat are Herbal and fungal stimulants.
See Coffee and Khat
Kona coffee
Kona coffee is the market name for coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivated on the slopes of Hualalai and Mauna Loa in the North and South Kona Districts of the Big Island of Hawaii.
Kopi luwak
Kopi luwak, also known as civet coffee, is a coffee that consists of partially digested coffee cherries, which have been eaten and defecated by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).
Kosher foods
Kosher foods are foods that conform to the Jewish dietary regulations of kashrut (dietary law).
Latte
Caffè latte, often shortened to just latte in English, is a coffee drink of Italian origin made with espresso and steamed milk, traditionally served in a glass.
See Coffee and Latte
Latte art
Latte art is a method of preparing coffee created by pouring microfoam into a shot of espresso and resulting in a pattern or design on the surface of the latte.
Laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements.
Leonhard Rauwolf
Leonhard Rauwolf (also spelled Leonhart Rauwolff) (21 June 1535 – 15 September 1596) was a German physician, botanist, and traveller.
See Coffee and Leonhard Rauwolf
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera or lepidopterans is an order of winged insects that includes butterflies and moths.
Leucaena
Leucaena is a genus of flowering plants in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the family Fabaceae.
Life Sciences (journal)
Life Sciences is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of pharmacotherapy.
See Coffee and Life Sciences (journal)
Linus Pauling Institute
The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance.
See Coffee and Linus Pauling Institute
List of coffeehouse chains
This list of notable coffeehouse chains catalogues the spread and markets share of coffeehouses world-wide.
See Coffee and List of coffeehouse chains
List of countries by coffee production
The following list of countries by coffee production catalogues sovereign states that have conducive climate and infrastructure to foster the production of coffee beans.
See Coffee and List of countries by coffee production
List of lexicographers
This list contains people who contributed to the field of lexicography, the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries.
See Coffee and List of lexicographers
Liver
The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.
See Coffee and Liver
Lobbying
Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary.
Lomami River
The Lomami River (Mto Lomami, Rivière Lomami, Lomami Rivier) is a major tributary of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange
The London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE, pronounced 'life') was a futures exchange based in London.
See Coffee and London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange
Long black
A long black is a style of coffee commonly found in Australia and New Zealand, made by pouring a single shot (or double shot) of espresso into hot water.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
See Coffee and Maize
Margin (economics)
Within economics, margin is a concept used to describe the current level of consumption or production of a good or service.
See Coffee and Margin (economics)
Mark Pendergrast
Mark Pendergrast (born 1948) is an American independent scholar and author of fourteen books, including three children's books.
See Coffee and Mark Pendergrast
Maronites
Maronites (Al-Mawārinah; Marunoye) are a Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of West Asia, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the largest concentration long residing near Mount Lebanon in modern Lebanon.
Martinique
Martinique (Matinik or Matnik; Kalinago: Madinina or Madiana) is an island in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the eastern Caribbean Sea.
Massachusetts Historical Society
The Massachusetts Historical Society (MHS) is a major historical archive specializing in early American, Massachusetts, and New England history.
See Coffee and Massachusetts Historical Society
Maxwell House
Maxwell House is an American brand of coffee manufactured by a like-named division of Kraft Heinz in North America and JDE Peet's in the rest of the world.
Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research.
McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
See Coffee and McGraw Hill Education
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Microfoam
Microfoam is finely textured milk used for making espresso-based coffee drinks, particularly those with latte art.
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Milk
Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. Coffee and Milk are non-alcoholic drinks.
See Coffee and Milk
Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently.
Moka pot
The moka pot is a stove-top or electric coffee maker that brews coffee by passing hot water driven by vapor pressure and heat-driven gas expansion through ground coffee.
Mokha
Mokha (al-Mukhā), also spelled Mocha, or Mukha, is a port city on the Red Sea coast of Yemen.
See Coffee and Mokha
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
See Coffee and Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
Mormons
Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement started by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s.
Mount Marsabit
Marsabit is a 6300 km basaltic shield volcano in Kenya, located 170 km east of the center of the East African Rift, in Marsabit County near the town of Marsabit.
Mouthfeel
Mouthfeel refers to the physical sensations in the mouth caused by food or drink, making it distinct from taste.
Mucilage
Mucilage is a thick gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms.
Mulch
A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil.
See Coffee and Mulch
Mycena citricolor
Mycena citricolor is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Mycenaceae.
See Coffee and Mycena citricolor
Mysore
Mysore, officially Mysuru, is the second-most populous city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka.
National Coffee Association
National Coffee Association of U.S.A., Inc. (National Coffee Association or NCA) is the main market research, consumer information, and lobbying association for the coffee industry in the United States.
See Coffee and National Coffee Association
National Geographic
National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.
See Coffee and National Geographic
NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
Nematode
The nematodes (or; Νηματώδη; Nematoda), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda.
Nescafé
Nescafé is a brand of instant coffee made by the Vevey-based company Nestlé.
Netherlands
The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.
New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.
New Straits Times
The New Straits Times is an English-language newspaper published in Malaysia.
See Coffee and New Straits Times
New York Mercantile Exchange
The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) is a commodity futures exchange owned and operated by CME Group of Chicago.
See Coffee and New York Mercantile Exchange
Niacin
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer ofvitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.
Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.
Nordic countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.
See Coffee and Nordic countries
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.
Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
NPR
National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.
See Coffee and NPR
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
Nutrients (journal)
Nutrients is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing reviews, regular research papers, and short communications on all aspects of nutrition.
See Coffee and Nutrients (journal)
Oregon State University
Oregon State University (OSU) is a public land-grant research university based in Corvallis, Oregon.
See Coffee and Oregon State University
Organic coffee
Organic coffee is coffee produced without the aid of artificial chemical substances, such as certain additives or some pesticides and herbicides.
Oromo people
The Oromo people (pron. Oromo: Oromoo) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya.
Osprey Publishing
Osprey Publishing is a British publishing company specializing in military history based in Oxford.
See Coffee and Osprey Publishing
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish (Lisân-ı Osmânî,; Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE).
See Coffee and Ottoman Turkish
Outcrossing
Out-crossing or out-breeding is the technique of crossing between different breeds.
Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Coffee and Oxford University Press
Paraxanthine
Paraxanthine, also known as 1,7-dimethylxanthine, is a metabolite of theophylline and theobromine, two well-known stimulants found in coffee, tea, and chocolate mainly in the form of caffeine.
Passover
Passover, also called Pesach, is a major Jewish holidayand one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals.
Peaberry
Peaberry, known in Spanish as caracolillo, is a type of coffee bean.
Per capita
Per capita is a Latin phrase literally meaning "by heads" or "for each head", and idiomatically used to mean "per person".
Pesticide
Pesticides are substances that are used to control pests.
Petiole (botany)
In botany, the petiole is the stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem.
See Coffee and Petiole (botany)
Polyphenol
Polyphenols are a large family of naturally occurring phenols.
Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII (Clemens VIII; Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death, in March 1605.
See Coffee and Pope Clement VIII
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Prussia
Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.
Purdue University
Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system.
See Coffee and Purdue University
Queen's Lane Coffee House
Queen's Lane Coffee House is a historic coffee house established by Cirques Jobson, a Levantine Jew from Syria.
See Coffee and Queen's Lane Coffee House
Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.
See Coffee and Radical (chemistry)
Rain
Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity.
See Coffee and Rain
Rainforest Alliance
The Rainforest Alliance is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with staff in more than 20 countries and operations in more than 70 countries.
See Coffee and Rainforest Alliance
Random House
Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.
Reader's Digest
Reader's Digest is an American general-interest family magazine, published ten times a year.
See Coffee and Reader's Digest
Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
See Coffee and Receptor antagonist
Red Sea
The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement.
Rio de Janeiro (state)
Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.
See Coffee and Rio de Janeiro (state)
Rosen Publishing
The Rosen Publishing Group is an American publisher specializing in educational books catering to readers from pre-Kindergarten through grade 12.
See Coffee and Rosen Publishing
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Coffee and Rowman & Littlefield
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family.
Rufous-capped warbler
The rufous-capped warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons) is a New World warbler native from Mexico south to Guatemala, rarely occurring as far north as southeastern Arizona and south Texas.
See Coffee and Rufous-capped warbler
Sailor
A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship.
Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue was a French colony in the western portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the area of modern-day Haiti, from 1697 to 1804.
Saratoga campaign
The Saratoga campaign in 1777 was an attempt by the British high command for North America to gain military control of the strategically important Hudson River valley during the American Revolutionary War.
See Coffee and Saratoga campaign
São Paulo
São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of São Paulo.
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.
See Coffee and São Paulo (state)
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
The Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the field of gastroenterology.
See Coffee and Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211
Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht (Be still, stop chattering), BWV 211, also known as the Coffee Cantata, is a secular cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach.
See Coffee and Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211
Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
See Coffee and Scientific American
Scientific Reports
Scientific Reports is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific mega journal published by Nature Portfolio, covering all areas of the natural sciences.
See Coffee and Scientific Reports
Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ, and its annihilationist soteriology.
See Coffee and Seventh-day Adventist Church
Shade (shadow)
Shade is the blocking of sunlight (in particular direct sunshine) by any object, and also the shadow created by that object.
Shade-grown coffee
Shade-grown coffee is a form of the crop produced from coffee plants grown under a canopy of trees.
See Coffee and Shade-grown coffee
Shadhili
The Shadhili Order (الطريقة الشاذلية) is a tariqah or Sufi order.
Small for gestational age
Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age.
See Coffee and Small for gestational age
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government.
See Coffee and Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center
The Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center is a research program dedicated to fostering greater understanding, appreciation, and protection of bird migration.
See Coffee and Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center
Soil retrogression and degradation
Soil retrogression and degradation are two regressive evolution processes associated with the loss of equilibrium of a stable soil.
See Coffee and Soil retrogression and degradation
Solvent
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
Somali people
The Somali people (Soomaalida, Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒆𐒖, Wadaad) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa who share a common ancestry, culture and history.
Somalia
Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa.
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
South Arabia
South Arabia is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it has also historically included Najran, Jizan, Al-Bahah, and 'Asir, which are presently in Saudi Arabia, and Dhofar of present-day Oman.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
Specialty coffee
Specialty coffee is a term for the highest grade of coffee available, typically relating to the entire supply chain, using single-origin or single-estate coffee.
See Coffee and Specialty coffee
Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia
The Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia (SCAI) is a trade association that represents stakeholders of Indonesia coffee Industry (farmers, processors, roasters, baristas, traders, exporters, cafes, coffee equipments, retailers as well as government and private institutions of Coffea arabica in Indonesia).
See Coffee and Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia
Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra.
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
Stichting Max Havelaar
Fairtrade Nederland, formerly known as Max Havelaar, is the Dutch member of Fairtrade International, which unites 23 Fairtrade certification producer and labelling initiatives across Europe, Asia, Latin America, North America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
See Coffee and Stichting Max Havelaar
Stimulant
Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase the activity of the brain.
Stipule
In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole).
Stoughton, Wisconsin
Stoughton is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States.
See Coffee and Stoughton, Wisconsin
Sucrose
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.
Sufism
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
See Coffee and Sugar
Sugar substitute
A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweetness like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy than sugar-based sweeteners, making it a zero-calorie or low-calorie sweetener.
See Coffee and Sugar substitute
Sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, perennial grass (in the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. Coffee and Sugarcane are crops.
Surface runoff
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow).
Sustainability standards and certification
Sustainability standards and certifications are voluntary guidelines used by producers, manufacturers, traders, retailers, and service providers to demonstrate their commitment to good environmental, social, ethical, and food safety practices.
See Coffee and Sustainability standards and certification
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.
Tea (meal)
Tea is an umbrella term for several different meals consisting of food accompanied by tea to drink.
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.
The BMJ
The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Group, which in turn is wholly-owned by the British Medical Association (BMA).
The Fairtrade Foundation
The Fairtrade Foundation is a charity based in the United Kingdom that aims to help disadvantaged producers in developing countries by tackling injustice in conventional trade, in particular by promoting and licensing the Fairtrade Mark, a guarantee that products retailed in the UK have been produced in accordance with internationally agreed Fairtrade standards.
See Coffee and The Fairtrade Foundation
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The Hispanic American Historical Review
The Hispanic American Historical Review is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal of Latin American history, the official publication of the Conference on Latin American History, the professional organization of Latin American historians.
See Coffee and The Hispanic American Historical Review
The New Press
The New Press is an independent non-profit public-interest book publisher established in 1992 by André SchiffrinReid, Calvin (December 2, 2013),, Publishers Weekly.
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Coffee and The New York Times
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
See Coffee and The Wall Street Journal
Theobromine
Theobromine, also known as xantheose, is the principal alkaloid of Theobroma cacao (cacao plant). Theobromine is slightly water-soluble (330 mg/L) with a bitter taste. In industry, theobromine is used as an additive and precursor to some cosmetics. It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including tea (Camellia sinensis), some American hollies (yaupon and guayusa) and the kola nut.
Theophylline
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors.
Tia Maria
Tia Maria is a dark coffee liqueur made in Italy using Jamaican coffee beans.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
See Coffee and Time (magazine)
Today (American TV program)
Today (also called The Today Show) is an American morning television show that airs weekdays from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on NBC.
See Coffee and Today (American TV program)
Tonne
The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.
See Coffee and Tonne
Trade association
A trade association, also known as an industry trade group, business association, sector association or industry body, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry.
See Coffee and Trade association
Transpiration
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.
Tropic of Cancer
The Tropic of Cancer, also known as the Northern Tropic, is the Earth's northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead.
See Coffee and Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice.
See Coffee and Tropic of Capricorn
Tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator.
Turkish coffee
Turkish coffee is a style of coffee prepared in a cezve using very finely ground coffee beans without filtering.
Uganda
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.
UN Trade and Development
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade.
See Coffee and UN Trade and Development
United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an executive department of the United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally.
See Coffee and United States Department of Agriculture
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Coffee and University of Chicago Press
USDA National Nutrient Database
The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference is a database produced by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides the nutritional content of many generic and proprietary-branded foods.
See Coffee and USDA National Nutrient Database
Used coffee grounds
Used coffee grounds is the result of brewing coffee, and are the final product after preparation of coffee.
See Coffee and Used coffee grounds
UTZ Certified
UTZ, formerly called UTZ Certified, is a program and a label for sustainable farming.
Vacuum coffee maker
A vacuum coffee maker brews coffee using two chambers where vapor pressure and gravity produce coffee.
See Coffee and Vacuum coffee maker
Variety (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, variety (abbreviated var.; in varietas) is a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form.
See Coffee and Variety (botany)
Vascular Medicine (journal)
Vascular Medicine is the premier ISI-ranked, peer-reviewed academic journal of vascular medicine comprising original research articles and reviews on vascular biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, medical treatment, and interventional therapy for vascular disease.
See Coffee and Vascular Medicine (journal)
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
See Coffee and Vegetative reproduction
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.
Venice
Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
Viennese coffee house
The Viennese coffee house (das Wiener Kaffeehaus, as Weana Kafeehaus) is a typical institution of Vienna that played an important part in shaping Viennese culture.
See Coffee and Viennese coffee house
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
Virtual water
The virtual water trade is the hidden flow of water in food or other commodities that are traded from one place to another.
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was fought by the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in North America.
Washington State University
Washington State University (WSU) (or colloquially and informally Wazzu) is a public land-grant research university in Pullman, Washington.
See Coffee and Washington State University
Water footprint
A water footprint shows the extent of water use in relation to consumption by people.
See Coffee and Water footprint
Wet season
The wet season (sometimes called the rainy season or monsoon season) is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs.
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Coffee and Wiley (publisher)
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
See Coffee and Wiley-Blackwell
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic drink made from fermented fruit.
See Coffee and Wine
Yellow warbler
The yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) is a New World warbler species.
Yemen
Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.
See Coffee and Yemen
Zed Books
Zed Books is a non-fiction publishing company based in London, UK.
Zeila (historical region)
Zeila also known as Zaila or Zayla was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa.
See Coffee and Zeila (historical region)
16th century
The 16th century began with the Julian year 1501 (represented by the Roman numerals MDI) and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582).
See also
Drinks
- Alcoholic drinks
- Capitol Hill mystery soda machine
- Carbonated water
- Ceanothus americanus
- Cereal Milk
- Chilate
- Coffee
- Diabolo (drink)
- Drink
- Drink industry
- Energy drink
- Flaming drink
- Hot drinks
- House wine
- Instant breakfast
- Jarma (drink)
- Kava
- Kvass barrel
- Liquor
- List of Korean drinks
- List of drinks
- List of national drinks
- Lists of drinks
- Mint lemonade
- Mixed drinks
- Motemei
- Nabidh
- Non-alcoholic drinks
- Peanut milk
- Ready to drink
- Relaxation drink
- Share of throat
- Sidecar (sparkling water)
- Signature drink
- Slushy
- Smart drink
- Sports drink
- Sweetened beverage
- Tea culture in Japan
Herbal and fungal stimulants
- Acorus calamus
- Anamirta cocculus
- Areca catechu
- Areca nut
- Areca nut production in India
- Betel nut chewing
- Bitter orange
- Catuaba
- Coca
- Coca tea
- Cocoa bean
- Coffea
- Coffee
- Contrayerva
- Ephedra (medicine)
- GABA tea
- Guarana
- Gutka
- Ilex guayusa
- Ilex vomitoria
- Khat
- Kola nut
- Mate (drink)
- Mate cocido
- Moke (drink)
- Nicotiana rustica
- Piper sarmentosum
- Sida cordifolia
- Tea
- Tobacco
- Yerba mate
References
Also known as Black coffee, Caffeol, Café noir, Cofee (drink), Coffee (beverage), Coffee (drink), Coffee and health, Coffee brewing method, Coffee brews, Coffee can, Cultivation of coffee, Cup of jamoke, Cup of joe, Cuppa Joe, Ecological effects of coffee production, Effects of coffee, Environmental impact of coffee, Environmental impact of coffee production, Gourmet coffee, Health and pharmacology of coffee, Java (drink), Joe (coffee), Joe (drink), Kaffee, Kawha, Pan-American Coffee Bureau, Regular coffee, Roasted coffee, Specialty Coffees, Think Drink, Think-drink.
, CAB International, Caffè americano, Caffè macchiato, Caffeine, Caffeine dependence, Canada, Canned coffee, Cappuccino, Caramelization, Cash crop, Cassia (genus), Casuarina, Cezve, Charles II of England, Climate change, Clinical trial, CNN, Coffea, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica, Coffea stenophylla, Coffee, Coffee bean, Coffee extraction, Coffee filter, Coffee percolator, Coffee preparation, Coffee production, Coffee production in Brazil, Coffee production in Colombia, Coffee production in Indonesia, Coffee roasting, Coffee root-knot nematode, Coffee vending machine, Coffee wastewater, Coffeehouse, Coffeemaker, Cold brew coffee, Colombia, Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Commodity market, Commonwealth of Nations, Compost, Congo River, Constantinople, Costa Rica, Cream, Crete, Cultural Critique, Cushitic languages, Damascus, Decaffeination, Deforestation, Denmark, Developing country, Digestive enzyme, Diner, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Drink, Drip coffee, Dutch East India Company, Dutch language, East India Company, Elevenses, Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Environmental degradation, Environmental impact of pesticides, Erythrina, Espresso, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Highlands, Etymology, EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products, Europe, European Fair Trade Association, European Food Safety Authority, European Free Trade Association, European Union, Evergreen, Evergreen State College, Exchange-traded fund, Fair trade, Fair trade certification, Fair trade impact studies, Fairtrade International, Feces, Federal government of Brazil, Fermentation, Fermentation in food processing, Finland, Flat white, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, Food Network, Food Quality and Preference, Forest degradation, Frappé coffee, Frederick the Great, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Freeze drying, French press, Fresh water, Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, Frost & Sullivan, Fruit, Futures contract, Gabriel de Clieu, Gale (publisher), Gastrocolic reflex, George Washington (inventor), Gliricidia, Global Exchange, Google Books, Grevillea robusta, Guatemala, Guinea, Gut (journal), Gynoecium, Habitat destruction, Haiti, Haitian Revolution, Harar, Harmane, Hemileia vastatrix, Hemiptera, History of coffee, Home roasting coffee, Horn of Africa, Horticulture, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, HuffPost, Hypothenemus hampei, Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, Ibn Sa'd, Iced coffee, Iceland, Immigration to Brazil, In vitro, Indian subcontinent, Indonesia, Infrared, Inga, Intercontinental Exchange, Intercropping, International Coffee Day, International Coffee Organization, Irish coffee, Java, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Johann Sebastian Bach, John B. Watson, John Burgoyne, John Evelyn, Josephus Daniels, Joule (journal), Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, Journal of Consumer Affairs, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Kaffa Province, Kahlúa, Kaldi, Kenya, Khat, Kona coffee, Kopi luwak, Kosher foods, Latte, Latte art, Laxative, Leonhard Rauwolf, Lepidoptera, Leucaena, Life Sciences (journal), Linus Pauling Institute, List of coffeehouse chains, List of countries by coffee production, List of lexicographers, Liver, Lobbying, Lomami River, London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange, Long black, Luxembourg, Magnesium, Maize, Margin (economics), Mark Pendergrast, Maronites, Martinique, Massachusetts Historical Society, Maxwell House, Mayo Clinic, McGraw Hill Education, Metabolism, Microfoam, Middle East, Milk, Miscarriage, Moka pot, Mokha, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Monosaccharide, Mormons, Mount Marsabit, Mouthfeel, Mucilage, Mulch, Mycena citricolor, Mysore, National Coffee Association, National Geographic, NBC News, Near East, Nematode, Nescafé, Netherlands, New Scientist, New Straits Times, New York Mercantile Exchange, Niacin, Nicaragua, Nordic countries, North Africa, North America, Norway, NPR, Nutrient, Nutrients (journal), Oregon State University, Organic coffee, Oromo people, Osprey Publishing, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Turkish, Outcrossing, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Paraxanthine, Passover, Peaberry, Per capita, Pesticide, Petiole (botany), Polyphenol, Pope Clement VIII, Protein, Prussia, Purdue University, Queen's Lane Coffee House, Radical (chemistry), Rain, Rainforest Alliance, Random House, Reader's Digest, Receptor antagonist, Red Sea, Riboflavin, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rosen Publishing, Routledge, Rowman & Littlefield, Royal Navy, Rubiaceae, Rufous-capped warbler, Sailor, Saint-Domingue, Saratoga campaign, São Paulo, São Paulo (state), Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211, Scientific American, Scientific Reports, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Shade (shadow), Shade-grown coffee, Shadhili, Small for gestational age, Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Soil retrogression and degradation, Solvent, Somali people, Somalia, South America, South Arabia, Southeast Asia, Specialty coffee, Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia, Spectroscopy, Sri Lanka, Starch, Stichting Max Havelaar, Stimulant, Stipule, Stoughton, Wisconsin, Sucrose, Sufism, Sugar, Sugar substitute, Sugarcane, Surface runoff, Sustainability standards and certification, Sweden, Switzerland, Tea (meal), Thailand, The BMJ, The Fairtrade Foundation, The Guardian, The Hispanic American Historical Review, The New Press, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Theobromine, Theophylline, Tia Maria, Time (magazine), Today (American TV program), Tonne, Trade association, Transpiration, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Tropics, Turkish coffee, Uganda, UN Trade and Development, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Chicago Press, USDA National Nutrient Database, Used coffee grounds, UTZ Certified, Vacuum coffee maker, Variety (botany), Vascular Medicine (journal), Vegetative reproduction, Venezuela, Venice, Viennese coffee house, Vietnam, Virtual water, War of 1812, Washington State University, Water footprint, Wet season, Wiley (publisher), Wiley-Blackwell, Wine, Yellow warbler, Yemen, Zed Books, Zeila (historical region), 16th century.