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477 relations: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Alberta, Alexander Mackenzie (explorer), Alfalfa, Alfred A. Knopf, Aluminium, Anchorage Daily News, Arcadia Publishing, Arrow Lakes, Astoria, Oregon, Athabasca River, Bald eagle, Banks Lake, Bannock people, Barlow Road, Bateman Island, Bauxite, Bean, Beaver (steamship), Beaver River (Columbia River tributary), Becquerel, Beetroot, Big Bend Country, Binford & Mort, Bison, Boise, Idaho, Bonneville Dam, Bonneville Power Administration, Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, Braided river, Bridge of the Gods (land bridge), British Columbia, Bruce Babbitt, Bruno de Heceta, Bull Run Hydroelectric Project, Bull trout, Butte, Canada lynx, Canada–United States border, Canadian Rockies, Canal, Canoe River (British Columbia), Cape Disappointment (Washington), Cascade Locks and Canal, Cascade Range, Cascades Rapids, Castle Rock, Washington, Castlegar, British Columbia, Caxton Press (United States), Cayuse people, ..., Celilo Canal, Celilo Falls, Channel (geography), Channeled Scablands, Charles L. McNary, Charles Martin (Oregon politician), Chief Joseph Dam, Chinook salmon, Chinookan languages, Clarence Dill, Clark Fork River, Clatsop, Clatsop County, Oregon, Clearcutting, Clearwater River (Idaho), Climate, Coeur d'Alene people, Coho salmon, Cold War, Colorado River, Columbia Bar, Columbia Basin Project, Columbia Country, Columbia District, Columbia Lake, Columbia Mountains, Columbia Park (Tri-Cities), Columbia Plateau, Columbia Rediviva, Columbia River drainage basin, Columbia River Estuary, Columbia River Gorge, Columbia River Maritime Museum, Columbia River Treaty, Columbia Valley, Columbia Wetlands, Colville Indian Reservation, Colville people, Common Era, Condit Hydroelectric Project, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, Confluence, Continental climate, Continental Divide of the Americas, Coulee, Cowlitz people, Cowlitz River, Cubic foot, Cubic metre per second, Curie, Dam, David Thompson (explorer), Deschutes County, Oregon, Deschutes River (Oregon), Diatom, Dioxin, Direct Legislation League, Discharge (hydrology), Drainage basin, Dredging, Dugout canoe, Duncan River, East Wenatchee, Washington, Eastern Washington, Economic development, Ecoregion, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Empire Builder, Endangered Species Act of 1973, Endemism, Endorheic basin, Environmental remediation, Eocene, Estella Mine, Estuarine water circulation, Estuary, Factor (agent), Farallon Plate, Federal Columbia River Power System, Federal Power Commission, Fertilizer, First Nations, Fish ladder, Fish migration, Flathead River, Flood basalt, Flood control, Flood Control Act of 1950, Fort Clatsop, Fort Vancouver, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Fraser River, Fresh water, Fur trade, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Geographic Names Information System, George Vancouver, George W. Joseph, Glacier, Glacier National Park (Canada), Glacier National Park (U.S.), Golden, British Columbia, Grand Coulee, Grand Coulee Dam, Grand Teton National Park, Grant County, Washington, Gray wolf, Grays River (Washington), Great Basin, Great Plains, Great Salt Lake, Green River (Colorado River tributary), Greenleaf Peak, Grizzly bear, Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, Hanford Reach, Hanford Site, Harney Basin, Head of tide, Hells Canyon, High- and low-level, Historic Columbia River Highway, Hood River, Oregon, Horse training, Hudson Bay, Hudson's Bay Company, Human impact on the environment, Humboldt River, Hydroelectricity, Idaho, Idaho Power, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Inland Northwest, Interstate 5, Invermere, Irrigation, Island arc, Isotope, IUniverse, James A. 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Bush, Priest Rapids, Priest Rapids Dam, Private sector, Public sector, Public utility district, Puget Sound, Quaternary glaciation, Radioactive waste, Rainbow trout, Reservoir, Residence time, Revelstoke, British Columbia, Rift, River, River delta, River source, Robert Gray (sea captain), Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition, Rocky Mountain Trench, Rocky Mountains, Royal Navy, Russia, Sagebrush, Sahaptin language, Saline water, Salmon, Salmon cannery, Salmon River (Idaho), Salmon run, Sandy River (Oregon), Sanpoil, Santa Fe de Nuevo México, Saskatchewan River, Sasquatch Books, Sea level, Secwepemc, Seine fishing, Selkirk Mountains, Server farm, Sewage, Shedd, Oregon, Shoal, Shoshone, Shoshone Falls, Shrub-steppe, Silicate, Sinixt, Sinkiuse-Columbia, Slave River, Smallpox, Snake River, Snake River Plain, Snow Dome (Canada), Sockeye salmon, Spokane people, Spokane River, Spokane, Washington, Steamboat, Steamboats of the Arrow Lakes, Steamboats of the Columbia River, Wenatchee Reach, Steamboats of the Willamette River, Steamship, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Streamflow, Subduction, Sump, Superfund, Table Mountain (Skamania County, Washington), Taylor & Francis, The Columbia River Collection, The Columbian, The Dalles, Oregon, The Gorge Amphitheatre, The New York Times, The Oregon Encyclopedia, The Oregonian, The Washington Post, Theodore Roosevelt, Thuja plicata, Tide, Tide gauge, Time (magazine), Timothy Egan, Trafford Publishing, Trail, British Columbia, Treaty of 1818, Tri-Cities, Washington, Tributary, Triple Divide Peak (Montana), Tsuga heterophylla, U-shaped valley, U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils, Umatilla people, United States Army Corps of Engineers, United States Bureau of Reclamation, United States Congress, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, United States Department of Energy, United States Department of the Interior, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Forest Service, United States Geological Survey, United States Secretary of the Interior, United States v. Washington, University of British Columbia Press, University of California Press, University of Idaho Press, University of Nebraska Press, University of Oregon Press, University of Toronto Press, University of Washington Press, Upwelling, Utah, Vancouver, Washington, Vanport, Oregon, Vernonia, Oregon, W. W. Norton & Company, Wallula Gap, Washington (state), Washington State Department of Ecology, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Washington State University Press, Washington Territory, Watt, Weathering, Wenatchee River, Wenatchee, Washington, Wenatchi, Western United States, White Salmon River, White sturgeon, Whitman massacre, Willamette River, Willamette Valley, William Clark, William Robert Broughton, Wind River Range, Windermere Lake (British Columbia), Woody Guthrie, World War II, World Wide Fund for Nature, Wyoming, Yakama, Yakima River, Yakima War, Yakima, Washington, Yellowstone National Park, Yoho National Park, 1700 Cascadia earthquake, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Expand index (427 more) »
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
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Alberta
Alberta is a western province of Canada.
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Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)
Sir Alexander Mackenzie (or MacKenzie, Alasdair MacCoinnich; 1764 – 12 March 1820) was a Scottish explorer known for accomplishing the first east to west crossing of North America north of Mexico, which preceded the more famous Lewis and Clark Expedition by 12 years.
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Alfalfa
Alfalfa, Medicago sativa also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world.
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Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is a New York publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. and Blanche Knopf in 1915.
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Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.
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Anchorage Daily News
The Anchorage Daily News is a daily newspaper published by the Binkley Group, and based in Anchorage, Alaska.
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Arcadia Publishing
Arcadia Publishing is an American publisher of neighborhood, local, and regional history of the United States in pictorial form.
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Arrow Lakes
The Arrow Lakes in British Columbia, Canada, divided into Upper Arrow Lake and Lower Arrow Lake, are widenings of the Columbia River.
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Astoria, Oregon
Astoria is a port city and the seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States.
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Athabasca River
The Athabasca River (French: rivière Athabasca) originates from the Columbia Glacier of the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada.
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Bald eagle
The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, from Greek ἅλς, hals "sea", αἰετός aietos "eagle", λευκός, leukos "white", κεφαλή, kephalē "head") is a bird of prey found in North America.
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Banks Lake
Banks Lake is a long reservoir in central Washington in the United States.
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Bannock people
The Bannock tribe were originally Northern Paiute but are more culturally affiliated with the Northern Shoshone.
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Barlow Road
The Barlow Road (at inception, Mount Hood Road) is a historic road in what is now the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Bateman Island
Bateman Island is an island located on the Columbia River immediately east of the Yakima River Delta between the cities of Richland and Kennewick, Washington, in the United States.
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Bauxite
Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content.
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Bean
A bean is a seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used for human or animal food.
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Beaver (steamship)
Beaver was the first steamship to operate in the Pacific Northwest of North America.
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Beaver River (Columbia River tributary)
The Beaver River, also known as the Beavermouth Creek or Beaver Creek, is a tributary of the Columbia River in British Columbia, Canada, joining that river in the Rocky Mountain Trench northwest of the town of Golden.
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Becquerel
The becquerel (symbol: Bq) is the SI derived unit of radioactivity.
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Beetroot
The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet.
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Big Bend Country
Big Bend Country is a term used in the Canadian province British Columbia to refer to the region around the northernmost bend of the Columbia River, where the river leaves its initial northwestward course along the Rocky Mountain Trench to curve around the northern end of the Selkirk Mountains to head southwest between that range and the Monashee Mountains, which lie to the west.
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Binford & Mort
Binford & Mort Publishing is a book publishing company located in Hillsboro, Oregon, United States.
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Bison
Bison are large, even-toed ungulates in the genus Bison within the subfamily Bovinae.
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Boise, Idaho
Boise is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Idaho, and is the county seat of Ada County.
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Bonneville Dam
Bonneville Lock and Dam consists of several run-of-the-river dam structures that together complete a span of the Columbia River between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington at River Mile 146.1.
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Bonneville Power Administration
The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) is an American federal agency operating in the Pacific Northwest.
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Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909
The Boundary Waters Treaty is the 1909 treaty between the United States and Canada providing mechanisms for resolving any dispute over any waters bordering the two countries.
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Braided river
A braided river, or braided channel, consists of a network of river channels separated by small, and often temporary, islands called braid bars or, in British usage, aits or eyots.
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Bridge of the Gods (land bridge)
The Bridge of the Gods was a natural dam created by the Bonneville Slide, a major landslide that dammed the Columbia River near present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
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British Columbia
British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
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Bruce Babbitt
Bruce Edward Babbitt (born June 27, 1938) is an American attorney and politician from the state of Arizona.
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Bruno de Heceta
Bruno de Heceta (Hezeta) y Dudagoitia (1743–1807) was a Spanish Basque explorer of the Pacific Northwest.
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Bull Run Hydroelectric Project
The Bull Run Hydroelectric Project was a Portland General Electric (PGE) development in the Sandy River basin in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Bull trout
The bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) is a char of the family Salmonidae native to northwestern North America.
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Butte
In geomorphology, a butte is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and table landforms.
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Canada lynx
The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) or Canadian lynx is a North American mammal of the cat family, Felidae.
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Canada–United States border
The Canada–United States border, officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries.
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Canadian Rockies
The Canadian Rockies (Rocheuses canadiennes) comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains.
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Canal
Canals, or navigations, are human-made channels, or artificial waterways, for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles.
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Canoe River (British Columbia)
Canoe River is the most northern tributary of the Columbia River in British Columbia, Canada.
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Cape Disappointment (Washington)
Cape Disappointment is a headland located at the extreme southwestern corner of Washington State on the north side of the Columbia River bar, at.
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Cascade Locks and Canal
The Cascade Locks and Canal was a navigation project on the Columbia River between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington, completed in 1896.
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Cascade Range
The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.
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Cascades Rapids
The Cascades Rapids (sometimes called Cascade Falls or Cascades of the Columbia) were an area of rapids along North America's Columbia River, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon.
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Castle Rock, Washington
Castle Rock is a city in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States.
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Castlegar, British Columbia
Castlegar is the second largest community in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada.
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Caxton Press (United States)
Caxton Press (formerly known as Caxton Printers, a division of its parent company, The Caxton Printers Ltd.) is a book publisher located in Caldwell, Idaho, United States, founded in 1925.
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Cayuse people
The Cayuse are a Native American tribe in what is now the state of Oregon in the United States.
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Celilo Canal
Celilo Canal was a canal connecting two points of the Columbia River between the states of Oregon and Washington, U.S. just east of The Dalles.
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Celilo Falls
Celilo Falls (Wyam, meaning "echo of falling water" or "sound of water upon the rocks," in several native languages) was a tribal fishing area on the Columbia River, just east of the Cascade Mountains, on what is today the border between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington.
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Channel (geography)
In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait.
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Channeled Scablands
The Channeled Scablands are a relatively barren and soil-free region of interconnected relict and dry flood channels, coulees and cataracts eroded through Palouse loess and into typically flat-lying basalt flows by cataclysmic floods within eastern part of the U.S. state of Washington.
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Charles L. McNary
Charles Linza McNary (June 12, 1874February 25, 1944) was a United States Republican politician from Oregon.
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Charles Martin (Oregon politician)
Charles Henry Martin (October 1, 1863September 22, 1946) was an American Army officer and later politician in the state of Oregon.
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Chief Joseph Dam
The Chief Joseph Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Columbia River, upriver from Bridgeport, Washington.
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Chinook salmon
The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the largest species in the Pacific salmon genus Oncorhynchus.
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Chinookan languages
The Chinookan languages were a small family of languages spoken in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River by Chinook peoples.
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Clarence Dill
Clarence Cleveland Dill (September 21, 1884January 14, 1978) was an American politician from the state of Washington.
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Clark Fork River
The Clark Fork, or the Clark Fork of the Columbia River, is a river in the U.S. states of Montana and Idaho, approximately long.
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Clatsop
The Clatsop are a small tribe of Chinookan-speaking Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
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Clatsop County, Oregon
Clatsop County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Clearcutting
Clearcutting, clearfelling or clearcut logging is a forestry/logging practice in which most or all trees in an area are uniformly cut down.
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Clearwater River (Idaho)
The Clearwater River is a U.S. Geological Survey.
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Climate
Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.
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Coeur d'Alene people
The Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'umsh or Skitswish in their Coeur d'Alene language, meaning "The Discovered People" or "Those Who Are Found Here") are a Native American nation and one of five federally recognized tribes in the state of Idaho.
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Coho salmon
The coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch; Karuk: achvuun) is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family, one of the several species of Pacific salmon.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Colorado River
The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).
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Columbia Bar
The Columbia Bar, also frequently called the Columbia River Bar, is a system of bars and shoals at the mouth of the Columbia River spanning the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington.
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Columbia Basin Project
The Columbia Basin Project (or CBP) in Central Washington, United States, is the irrigation network that the Grand Coulee Dam makes possible.
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Columbia Country
The Columbia Country is a term used in the Canadian province of British Columbia to refer to the upper basin of the Columbia River in that province.
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Columbia District
The Columbia District was a fur trading district in the Pacific Northwest region of British North America in the 19th century.
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Columbia Lake
Columbia Lake is the primary lake at the headwaters of the Columbia River, in British Columbia, Canada.
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Columbia Mountains
The Columbia Mountains are a group of mountain ranges along the upper Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia, and also in Montana, Idaho and Washington.
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Columbia Park (Tri-Cities)
Columbia Park is a public park located in the city of Kennewick in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Columbia Plateau
The Columbia Plateau or Columbia Basin is a geographic region located almost entirely in Eastern Washington and north-central Oregon—with the eastern edge spilling over into North Idaho The area is characterized by its mostly semi-arid climate (Bsk under the Köppen classification)—with some areas falling under the desert (BWk) and mediterranean (Csa and Csb) classifications—resulting in a shrub-steppe environment.
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Columbia Rediviva
Columbia Rediviva (commonly known as Columbia) was a privately owned ship under the command of John Kendrick, along with Captain Robert Gray, best known for going to the Pacific Northwest for the maritime fur trade.
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Columbia River drainage basin
The Columbia River drainage basin is the drainage basin of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.
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Columbia River Estuary
The Columbia River Estuary is an estuary and a bay on the Oregon–Washington border and the Pacific Coast of the United States.
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Columbia River Gorge
The Columbia River Gorge is a canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
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Columbia River Maritime Museum
The Columbia River Maritime Museum is a museum of maritime history located about ten miles (16 km) from the mouth of the Columbia River in Astoria, Oregon, United States.
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Columbia River Treaty
The Columbia River Treaty is a 1964 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries.
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Columbia Valley
The Columbia Valley is the name used for a region in the Rocky Mountain Trench near the headwaters of the Columbia River between the town of Golden and the Canal Flats.
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Columbia Wetlands
The Columbia Wetlands is a 15,070 hectare wetland in the Columbia Valley region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada.
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Colville Indian Reservation
The Colville Indian Reservation is a Native American reservation in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Washington, inhabited and managed by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which is federally recognized.
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Colville people
The Colville people are a Native American people of the Pacific Northwest.
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Common Era
Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.
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Condit Hydroelectric Project
Condit Hydroelectric Project was a development on the White Salmon River in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation are a federally recognized tribe in the U.S. state of Montana.
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Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs is a recconized tribe made of three tribes put together confederation of Native American tribes who currently live on and govern the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Confluence
In geography, a confluence (also: conflux) occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join together to form a single channel.
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Continental climate
Continental climates are defined in the Köppen climate classification as having the coldest month with the temperature never rising above 0.0° C (32°F) all month long.
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Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Continental Gulf of Division, or merely the Continental Divide) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas.
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Coulee
Coulee, or coulée is a term applied rather loosely to different landforms, all of which refer to a kind of valley or drainage zone.
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Cowlitz people
The term Cowlitz people covers two cultural and by language distinct indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest; the Lower Cowlitz or Cowlitz proper, a southwestern Coast Salish people, which today are enrolled in the federally recognized tribes: Cowlitz Indian Tribe, Quinault Indian Nation, and Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation; and the Upper Cowlitz / Cowlitz Klickitat or Taitnapam, a Northwest Sahaptin speaking people, part of the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation.
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Cowlitz River
The Cowlitz River is a river in the state of Washington in the United States, a tributary of the Columbia River.
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Cubic foot
The cubic foot (symbol ft3) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States, and partially in Canada, and the United Kingdom.
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Cubic metre per second
A cubic metre per second (m3s−1, m3/s, cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of volumetric flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre (~39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second.
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Curie
The curie (symbol Ci) is a non-SI unit of radioactivity originally defined in 1910.
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Dam
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.
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David Thompson (explorer)
David Thompson (30 April 1770 – 10 February 1857) was a British-Canadian fur trader, surveyor, and map-maker, known to some native peoples as Koo-Koo-Sint or "the Stargazer." Over Thompson's career, he travelled some across North America, mapping of North America along the way.
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Deschutes County, Oregon
Deschutes County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Deschutes River (Oregon)
The Deschutes River in central Oregon is a major tributary of the Columbia River.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dioxin
Dioxin may refer to.
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Direct Legislation League
The Oregon Direct Legislation League was an organization of political activists founded by William S. U'Ren in the U.S. state of Oregon in 1898.
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Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate of water that is transported through a given cross-sectional area.
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Drainage basin
A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.
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Dredging
Dredging is an excavation activity usually carried out underwater, in harbours, shallow seas or freshwater areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments to deepen or widen the sea bottom / channel.
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Dugout canoe
A dugout canoe or simply dugout is a boat made from a hollowed tree trunk.
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Duncan River
The Duncan River is a long river in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
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East Wenatchee, Washington
East Wenatchee is a city in Douglas County, Washington, United States, as well as a suburb of Wenatchee.
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Eastern Washington
Eastern Washington is the portion of the US state of Washington east of the Cascade Range.
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Economic development
economic development wikipedia Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.
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Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than an ecozone.
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El Niño–Southern Oscillation
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting climate of much of the tropics and subtropics.
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Empire Builder
The Empire Builder is an Amtrak long-distance passenger train that operates daily between Chicago andvia two sections west of SpokaneSeattle and Portland. Introduced in 1929, it was the flagship passenger train of the Great Northern Railway and its successor, the Burlington Northern, and was retained by Amtrak when it took over intercity rail service in 1971. The end-to-end travel time of the route is 45–46 hours for an average speed of about, though the train travels as fast as over the majority of the route. It is Amtrak's busiest long-distance route.
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Endangered Species Act of 1973
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of US environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
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Endemism
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
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Endorheic basin
An endorheic basin (also endoreic basin or endorreic basin) (from the ἔνδον, éndon, "within" and ῥεῖν, rheîn, "to flow") is a limited drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation.
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Environmental remediation
Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water.
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Eocene
The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.
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Estella Mine
The Estella Mine is a former mine site situated near Wasa, British Columbia at an elevation of on Tracy Creek.
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Estuarine water circulation
Estuarine water circulation is controlled by the inflow of rivers, the tides, rainfall and evaporation, the wind, and other oceanic events such as an upwelling, an eddy, and storms.
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Estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
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Factor (agent)
A factor is a type of trader who receives and sells goods on commission (called factorage).
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Farallon Plate
The Farallon Plate was an ancient oceanic plate that began subducting under the west coast of the North American Plate—then located in modern Utah—as Pangaea broke apart during the Jurassic period.
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Federal Columbia River Power System
The Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is a series of multi-purpose, hydroelectric facilities in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, constructed and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and a transmission system built and operated by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to market and deliver electric power.
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Federal Power Commission
The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was an independent commission of the United States government, originally organized on June 23, 1930, with five members nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
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Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
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First Nations
In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.
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Fish ladder
A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish pass or fish steps, is a structure on or around artificial and natural barriers (such as dams, locks and waterfalls) to facilitate diadromous fishes' natural migration.
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Fish migration
Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres.
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Flathead River
The Flathead River (Salish: ntx̣ʷetkʷ, ntx̣ʷe), in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Montana, originates in the Canadian Rockies to the north of Glacier National Park and flows southwest into Flathead Lake, then after a journey of, empties into the Clark Fork.
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Flood basalt
A flood basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava.
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Flood control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters.
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Flood Control Act of 1950
The Flood Control Act of 1950 was a law passed by the United States Congress authorizing flood control projects in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
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Fort Clatsop
Fort Clatsop was the encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the Oregon Country near the mouth of the Columbia River during the winter of 1805-1806.
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Fort Vancouver
Fort Vancouver was a 19th-century fur trading post that was the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company's Columbia Department, located in the Pacific Northwest.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake
Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake (also called Lake Roosevelt) is the reservoir created in 1941 by the impoundment of the Columbia River by the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington state.
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Fraser River
The Fraser River is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for, into the Strait of Georgia at the city of Vancouver.
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.
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G. P. Putnam's Sons
G.
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Geographic Names Information System
The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories.
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George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver (22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a British officer of the Royal Navy, best known for his 1791–95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
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George W. Joseph
George W. P. Joseph (May 10, 1872 – June 17, 1930) was an attorney and Republican politician in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.
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Glacier National Park (Canada)
Glacier National Park is one of seven national parks in British Columbia, and is part of a system of 43 parks and park reserves across Canada.
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Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Glacier National Park is a national park located in the U.S. state of Montana, on the Canada–United States border with the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia.
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Golden, British Columbia
Golden is a town in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located west of Calgary, Alberta and east of Vancouver.
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Grand Coulee
The Grand Coulee is an ancient river bed in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Grand Coulee Dam
Grand Coulee Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington, built to produce hydroelectric power and provide irrigation water.
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Grand Teton National Park
Grand Teton National Park is an American national park in northwestern Wyoming.
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Grant County, Washington
Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Gray wolf
The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).
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Grays River (Washington)
Grays River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in southwestern Washington in the United States.
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Great Basin
The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America.
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Great Plains
The Great Plains (sometimes simply "the Plains") is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe, and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie in the United States and east of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. and Canada.
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Great Salt Lake
The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world.
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Green River (Colorado River tributary)
The Green River, located in the western United States, is the chief tributary of the Colorado River.
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Greenleaf Peak
Greenleaf Peak is a mountain in the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Washington, located on the north side of the Columbia River near Table Mountain, in the Columbia River Gorge.
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Grizzly bear
The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos ssp.) is a large population of the brown bear inhabiting North America.
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Gulf of California
The Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez, Sea of Cortés or Vermilion Sea; locally known in the Spanish language as Mar de Cortés or Mar Bermejo or Golfo de California) is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Hanford Reach
The Hanford Reach is a free-flowing section of the Columbia River, around long, in eastern Washington state.
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Hanford Site
The Hanford Site is a decommissioned nuclear production complex operated by the United States federal government on the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Harney Basin
The Harney Basin is an endorheic basin in southeastern Oregon in the United States at the northwestern corner of the Great Basin.
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Head of tide
Head of tide or tidal limit is the farthest point upstream where a river is affected by tidal fluctuations, or where the fluctuations are less than a certain amount.
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Hells Canyon
Hells Canyon is a wide canyon located along the border of eastern Oregon, eastern Washington and western Idaho in the United States.
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High- and low-level
High-level and low-level, as technical terms, are used to classify, describe and point to specific goals of a systematic operation; and are applied in a wide range of contexts, such as, for instance, in domains as widely varied as computer science and business administration.
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Historic Columbia River Highway
The Historic Columbia River Highway is an approximately scenic highway in the U.S. state of Oregon between Troutdale and The Dalles, built through the Columbia River Gorge between 1913 and 1922.
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Hood River, Oregon
The city of Hood River is the seat of Hood River County, Oregon, United States.
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Horse training
Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.
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Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay (Inuktitut: Kangiqsualuk ilua, baie d'Hudson) (sometimes called Hudson's Bay, usually historically) is a large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of.
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Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group.
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Human impact on the environment
Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes changes to biophysical environments and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans, including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crises, and ecological collapse.
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Humboldt River
The Humboldt River runs through northern Nevada in the western United States.
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Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.
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Idaho
Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States.
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Idaho Power
Idaho Power Company (IPC) is a regulated electrical power utility.
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Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast are composed of many nations and tribal affiliations, each with distinctive cultural and political identities, but they share certain beliefs, traditions and practices, such as the centrality of salmon as a resource and spiritual symbol.
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Inland Northwest
The Inland Northwest or Inland Empire is a region adjacent to and just east of the Pacific Northwest centered on the Greater Spokane Area, that includes all of Eastern Washington and all of North Idaho.
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Interstate 5
Interstate 5 (I-5) is the main Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, running largely parallel to the Pacific coast of the continental U.S. from Mexico to Canada.
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Invermere
Invermere is a community in eastern British Columbia, Canada, near the border of Alberta.
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Irrigation
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.
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Island arc
An island arc is a type of archipelago, often composed of a chain of volcanoes, with arc-shaped alignment, situated parallel and close to a boundary between two converging tectonic plates.
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Isotope
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.
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IUniverse
iUniverse, founded in October 1999, is a self-publishing company in Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.Kevin Abourezk, Lincoln Journal Star, January 22, 2008.
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James A. Gibbs
James A. "Jim" Gibbs (January 17, 1922 – April 30, 2010) was a United States author, lighthouse keeper, and maritime historian.
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Jetty
A jetty is a structure that projects from the land out into water.
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John Day Dam
The John Day Dam is a concrete gravity run-of-the-river dam spanning the Columbia River in the northwestern United States.
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John Day River
The John Day River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northeastern Oregon in the United States.
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John Jacob Astor
John Jacob Astor (July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848) (born Johann Jakob Astor) was a German–American businessman, merchant, real estate mogul and investor who mainly made his fortune in fur trade and by investing in real estate in or around New York City.
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John McLoughlin
Dr.
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John Meares
John Meares (c. 1756 – 1809) was a navigator, explorer, and maritime fur trader, best known for his role in the Nootka Crisis, which brought Britain and Spain to the brink of war.
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Julius Meier
Julius L. Meier (December 31, 1874 – July 14, 1937) was an American businessman, civic leader, and politician in the state of Oregon.
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Kah-Nee-Ta
Kah-Nee-Ta Resort & Spa is a resort in central Oregon, United States, on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, near the community of Warm Springs in Jefferson County.
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Kennewick Man
Kennewick Man is the name generally given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, United States, on July 28, 1996.
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Kennewick, Washington
Kennewick is a city in Benton County in the southeastern part of the State of Washington, along the southwest bank of the Columbia River, just southeast of the confluence of the Columbia and Yakima rivers and across from the confluence of the Columbia and the Snake River.
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Kettle Falls
Kettle Falls (Salish: Shonitkwu, meaning "roaring or noisy waters", also Schwenetekoo translated as "Keep Sounding Water") was an ancient and important salmon fishing site on the upper reaches of the Columbia River, in what is today the U.S. state of Washington, near the Canada–US border.
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Kettle River (Columbia River tributary)
The Kettle River is a tributary of the Columbia River in northeastern Washington in the United States and southeastern British Columbia in Canada.
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Kinbasket Lake
Kinbasket Lake (or Kinbasket Reservoir) is a reservoir on the Columbia River in southeast British Columbia, north of the city of Revelstoke and the town of Golden.
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Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.
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Klamath River
The Klamath River (Karuk: Ishkêesh, Klamath: Koke, Yurok: Hehlkeek 'We-Roy) flows through Oregon and northern California in the United States, emptying into the Pacific Ocean.
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Klickitat people
The Klickitat (also spelled Klikitat) are a Native American tribe of the Pacific Northwest.
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Kootanae House
Kootanae House, also spelled Kootenae House, was a North West Company fur trading post built by Jaco Finlay under the direction of David Thompson near present-day Invermere, British Columbia in 1807.
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Kootenay Lake
Kootenay Lake is a lake located in British Columbia, Canada and is part of the Kootenay River.
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Kootenay National Park
Kootenay National Park is a national park located in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and is one component of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.
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Kootenay River
The Kootenay (Kootenai in the U.S. and historically called the Flatbow) is a major river in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and northern Montana and Idaho in the United States.
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Kootenays
The Kootenays or Kootenay is a region of southeastern British Columbia.
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Kutenai
The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Ksanka, Kootenay (in Canada) and Kootenai (in the United States), are an indigenous people of Canada and the United States.
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Lake Lewis
Lake Lewis was a temporary lake in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, largely formed by the Missoula Floods in about the 14th millennium B.C. Lake Lewis was formed when the restricted flow of waters from periodic cataclysmic floods from Glacial Lake Missoula, pluvial Lake Bonneville, and perhaps from subglacial outbursts, backed up through the constriction formed by the Wallula Gap in the Horse Heaven Hills (southern Washington).
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Lake Missoula
Lake Missoula was a prehistoric proglacial lake in western Montana that existed periodically at the end of the last ice age between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago.
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Lake Revelstoke
Lake Revelstoke or Revelstoke Lake or Revelstoke Lake Reservoir is an artificial lake on the Columbia River, north of the town of Revelstoke, British Columbia and south of Mica Creek.
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Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg (Lac Winnipeg) is a very large, but relatively shallow lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
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Land reclamation
Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a landfill), is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds.
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Laurentian Divide
The Laurentian Divide is a continental divide in North America dividing the direction of water flow in eastern and southern Canada from that of the northern Midwestern United States.
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Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross the western portion of the United States.
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Lewis River (Washington)
The Lewis River is a tributary of the Columbia River, about long, in southwestern Washington in the United States.
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Lewiston, Idaho
Lewiston is a city in and the county seat of Nez Perce County, Idaho, United States, in the state's north central region.
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List of crossings of the Columbia River
This is a list of bridges and other crossings of the Columbia River from the Pacific Ocean upstream to its source.
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List of dams in the Columbia River watershed
There are more than 60 dams in the Columbia River watershed in the United States and Canada.
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List of ecoregions in North America (CEC)
This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.
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List of ecoregions in Oregon
This list of ecoregions in Oregon provides an overview of ecoregions in the U.S. state of Oregon designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC).
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List of federally recognized tribes
There is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States of America.
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List of Hudson Bay rivers
This list of Hudson Bay rivers includes the principal rivers draining into the Hudson, James and Ungava bays of the Arctic Ocean.
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List of longest rivers of Canada
Among the longest rivers of Canada are 47 streams of at least.
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List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)
The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least long.
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List of longest streams of Oregon
Seventy-seven rivers and creeks of at least 50 miles (80 km) in total length are the longest streams of the U.S. state of Oregon.
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List of rivers of British Columbia
The following is a partial list of rivers of British Columbia, organized by watershed.
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List of rivers of Oregon
This is a partial listing of rivers in the state of Oregon, United States.
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List of rivers of Washington
This is a list of rivers in the U.S. state of Washington.
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List of tributaries of the Columbia River
Tributaries and sub-tributaries are hierarchically listed in order from the mouth of the Columbia River upstream.
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Lock (water navigation)
A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways.
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Loess
Loess (from German Löss) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.
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Logging
Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars.
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Longview, Washington
Longview is a city in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States.
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Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.
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Mackenzie River
The Mackenzie River (Slavey language: Deh-Cho, big river or Inuvialuktun: Kuukpak, great river; fleuve (de) Mackenzie) is the longest river system in Canada, and has the second largest drainage basin of any North American river after the Mississippi River.
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Main stem
In hydrology, a main stem (or trunk) is "the primary downstream segment of a river, as contrasted to its tributaries".
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Malott, Washington
Malott is a census-designated place (CDP) in Okanogan County, Washington, United States, within the Greater Omak Area.
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Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
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Maritime fur trade
The maritime fur trade was a ship-based fur trade system that focused on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and natives of Alaska.
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Marmes Rockshelter
The Marmes Rockshelter (also known as (45-FR-50)) is an archaeological site first excavated in 1962, near the confluence of the Snake and Palouse Rivers, in Franklin County, southeastern Washington.
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Mentha
Mentha (also known as mint, from Greek, Linear B mi-ta) is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae (mint family).
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Meriwether Lewis
Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.
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Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).
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Milltown Reservoir Superfund Site
The Milltown Reservoir Sediments Superfund Site is a major Superfund site in Missoula County, Montana, seven miles east of Missoula.
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Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).
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Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.
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Missoula Floods
The Missoula Floods (also known as the Spokane Floods or the Bretz Floods) refer to the cataclysmic floods that swept periodically across eastern Washington and down the Columbia River Gorge at the end of the last ice age.
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Missouri River
The Missouri River is the longest river in North America.
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Modoc Plateau
The Modoc Plateau lies in the northeast corner of California as well as parts of Oregon and Nevada.
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Molala
The Molala (also Molale, Molalla, Molele) were a people of the Plateau culture area in central Oregon, United States.
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Montana
Montana is a state in the Northwestern United States.
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Mount Adams (Washington)
Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.
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Mount Hood
Mount Hood, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc of northern Oregon.
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Mount Rainier
Mount Rainier (pronounced) is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, and the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Mount Rainier National Park
Mount Rainier National Park is a United States National Park located in southeast Pierce County and northeast Lewis County in Washington state.
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Mount Revelstoke National Park
Mount Revelstoke National Park is located adjacent to the city of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada.
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Mountain Press Publishing Company
Mountain Press Publishing Company is an American book publishing company based in Missoula, Montana.
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National Academies Press
The National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
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National Ocean Service
The National Ocean Service (NOS), an office within the U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is responsible for preserving and enhancing the nation’s coastal resources and ecosystems along of shoreline bordering of coastal, Great Lakes, and ocean waters.
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National Priorities List
The National Priorities List (NPL) is the list of hazardous waste sites in the United States eligible for long-term remedial action (cleanup) financed under the federal Superfund program.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Navigability
A body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and slow enough for a vessel to pass or walk.
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Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba.
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Nespelem people
The Nespelem people belong to one of twelve aboriginal Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington.
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Nevada
Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.
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New Deal
The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States 1933-36, in response to the Great Depression.
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Nez Perce people
The Nez Perce (autonym: Niimíipuu in their own language, meaning "the walking people" or "we, the people") are an Indigenous people of the Plateau who have lived on the Columbia River Plateau in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States for a long time.
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North Cascades National Park
North Cascades National Park is a United States national park located in the state of Washington.
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North West Company
The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821.
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Northern Oregon Coast Range
The Northern Oregon Coast Range is the northern section of the Oregon Coast Range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, located in the northwest portion of the state of Oregon, United States.
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Northern pikeminnow
The northern pikeminnow, or Columbia River dace (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) is a large member of the minnow family, Cyprinidae.
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Northwest Forest Plan
The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) is a series of federal policies and guidelines governing land use on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
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Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage (abbreviated as NWP) is, from the European and northern Atlantic point of view, the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
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Northwest Power and Conservation Council
The Northwest Power and Conservation Council is a regional organization that develops and maintains a regional power plan and a fish and wildlife program to balance the Northwest's environment and energy needs.
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Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.
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Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Nutrient cycle
A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter.
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Okanagan
The Okanagan, also known as the Okanagan Valley and sometimes as the Okanagan Country, is a region in the Canadian province of British Columbia defined by the basin of Okanagan Lake and the Canadian portion of the Okanagan River.
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Okanagan Trail
The Okanagan Trail was an inland route to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush from the Lower Columbia region of the Washington and Oregon Territories in 1858-1859.
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Okanogan River
The Okanogan River (known as the Okanagan River in Canada) is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 115 mi (185 km) long, in southern British Columbia and north central Washington.
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.
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Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus is a genus of fish in the family Salmonidae; it contains the Pacific salmon and Pacific trout.
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Orchard
An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production.
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Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.
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Oregon Blue Book
The Oregon Blue Book is the official directory and fact book for the U.S. state of Oregon prepared by the Oregon Secretary of State and published by the Office of the Secretary's Archives Division.
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Oregon boundary dispute
The Oregon boundary dispute or the Oregon Question was a controversy over the political division of the Pacific Northwest of North America between several nations that had competing territorial and commercial aspirations over the region.
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Oregon Coast Range
The Oregon Coast Range, often called simply the Coast Range and sometimes the Pacific Coast Range, is a mountain range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, in the U.S. state of Oregon along the Pacific Ocean.
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Oregon Country
The Oregon Country was a predominantly American term referring to a disputed region of the Pacific Northwest of North America.
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Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) is an agency of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for programs protecting Oregon fish and wildlife resources and their habitats.
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Oregon gubernatorial election, 1930
The 1930 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1930 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Oregon Historical Society
The Oregon Historical Society (OHS) is an organization that encourages and promotes the study and understanding of the history of the Oregon Country, within the broader context of U.S. history.
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Oregon Public Broadcasting
Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB) is the primary television and radio public broadcasting network for most of the U.S. state of Oregon as well as southern Washington.
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Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company
The Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company (OR&N) was a railroad that operated a rail network of of track running east from Portland, Oregon, United States to northeastern Oregon, northeastern Washington, and northern Idaho.
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Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon.
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Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail is a historic East–West, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.
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Oregon Treaty
The Oregon Treaty is a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. Signed under the presidency of James K. Polk, the treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818.
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Oswald West State Park
Oswald West State Park is part of the state park system of the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Pacific County, Washington
Pacific County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Pacific decadal oscillation
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a robust, recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability centered over the mid-latitude Pacific basin.
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Pacific Fur Company
The Pacific Fur Company (PFC) was an American fur trade venture wholly owned and funded by John Jacob Astor that functioned from 1810 to 1813.
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Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.
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Palouse River
The Palouse River is a tributary of the Snake River in the northwest United States, located in Washington and Idaho.
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Palus people
The Palus are a Sahaptin tribe recognized in the Treaty of 1855 with the Yakamas, negotiated at the 1855 Walla Walla Council.
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Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
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Panthalassa
Panthalassa, also known as the Panthalassic or Panthalassan Ocean, (from Greek πᾶν "all" and θάλασσα "sea"), was the superocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea.
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Paraná River
The Paraná River (Río Paraná, Rio Paraná, Ysyry Parana) is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some.
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Pend Oreille River
The Pend Oreille River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northern Idaho and northeastern Washington in the United States, as well as southeastern British Columbia in Canada.
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Penny (British pre-decimal coin)
The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth of a pound sterling.
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Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.
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Pit River
The Pit River is a major river draining from northeastern California into the state's Central Valley.
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Plains Indians
Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America.
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
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Plutonium
Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94.
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Polychlorinated biphenyl
A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is an organic chlorine compound with the formula C12H10−xClx.
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Portland Tribune
The Portland Tribune is a free newspaper published twice weekly, each Tuesday and Thursday, in Portland, Oregon, United States.
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Portland, Oregon
Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.
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Presidency of George W. Bush
The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009.
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Priest Rapids
Priest Rapids was a narrow, fast-flowing stretch of the Columbia River, located in the central region of the U.S. state of Washington.
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Priest Rapids Dam
Priest Rapids Dam is a hydroelectric, concrete gravity dam; located on the Columbia River, between the Yakima Firing Range and the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, and bridges Yakima County and Grant County, in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Private sector
The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State.
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Public sector
The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises.
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Public utility district
In the United States, a public utility district (PUD) is a special-purpose district or other governmental jurisdiction that provides public utilities (such as electricity, natural gas, sewage treatment, waste collection/management, wholesale telecommunications, water, fire protection) to the residents of that district.
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Puget Sound
Puget Sound is a sound along the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea.
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Quaternary glaciation
The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Quaternary Ice Age or Pleistocene glaciation, is a series of glacial events separated by interglacial events during the Quaternary period from 2.58 Ma (million years ago) to present.
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Radioactive waste
Radioactive waste is waste that contains radioactive material.
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Rainbow trout
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a trout and species of salmonid native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America.
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Reservoir
A reservoir (from French réservoir – a "tank") is a storage space for fluids.
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Residence time
For material flowing through a volume, the residence time is a measure of how much time the matter spends in it.
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Revelstoke, British Columbia
Revelstoke (is a city in southeastern British Columbia, Canada with a population of 6,719 in 2016. It is located east of Vancouver, and west of Calgary, Alberta. The city is situated on the banks of the Columbia River just south of the Revelstoke Dam and near its confluence with the Illecillewaet River. East of Revelstoke are the Selkirk Mountains and Glacier National Park, penetrated by Rogers Pass used by the Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway. South of the community down the Columbia River are the Arrow Lakes and the Kootenays. West of the city is Eagle Pass through the Monashee Mountains and the route to Shuswap Lake.
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Rift
In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics.
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River
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
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River delta
A river delta is a landform that forms from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
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River source
The source or headwaters of a river or stream is the furthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river.
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Robert Gray (sea captain)
Robert Gray (May 10, 1755 – c. July, 1806) was an American merchant sea captain who is known for his achievements in connection with two trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America, between 1790 and 1793, which pioneered the American maritime fur trade in that region.
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Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition
In May 1792, American merchant sea captain Robert Gray sailed into the Columbia River, becoming the first recorded European to navigate into it.
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Rocky Mountain Trench
The Rocky Mountain Trench, also known as The Valley of a Thousand Peaks or simply the Trench, is a large valley in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains.
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Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.
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Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Sagebrush
Sagebrush is the common name of several woody and herbaceus species of plants in the genus Artemisia.
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Sahaptin language
Sahaptin or Shahaptin is one of the two-language Sahaptian branch of the Plateau Penutian family spoken in a section of the northwestern plateau along the Columbia River and its tributaries in southern Washington, northern Oregon, and southwestern Idaho, in the United States.
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Saline water
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl).
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Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.
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Salmon cannery
A salmon cannery is a factory that commercially cans salmon.
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Salmon River (Idaho)
The Salmon River is located in Idaho in the northwestern United States.
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Salmon run
Fishermen capture running salmon with netsbefore tagging and releasing them --> The salmon run is the time when salmon, which have migrated from the ocean, swim to the upper reaches of rivers where they spawn on gravel beds.
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Sandy River (Oregon)
The Sandy River is a tributary of the Columbia River in northwestern Oregon in the United States.
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Sanpoil
The Sanpoil (or San Poil) are a Native American people of the U.S. state of Washington.
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Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Santa Fe of New Mexico; shortened as Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, and translated as New Mexico) was a province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and later a territory of independent Mexico.
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Saskatchewan River
The Saskatchewan River (Cree: kisiskāciwani-sīpiy, "swift flowing river") is a major river in Canada, about long, flowing roughly eastward across Saskatchewan and Manitoba to empty into Lake Winnipeg.
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Sasquatch Books
Sasquatch Books is an American book publishing company based in Seattle, Washington.
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Sea level
Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.
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Secwepemc
The Secwepemc (Secwepemc: or), known in English as the Shuswap people, are a First Nations people residing in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
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Seine fishing
Seine fishing (or seine-haul fishing) is a method of fishing that employs a fishing net called a seine, that hangs vertically in the water with its bottom edge held down by weights and its top edge buoyed by floats.
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Selkirk Mountains
The Selkirk Mountains are a mountain range spanning the northern portion of the Idaho Panhandle, eastern Washington, and southeastern British Columbia.
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Server farm
A server farm or server cluster is a collection of computer servers – usually maintained by an organization to supply server functionality far beyond the capability of a single machine.
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Sewage
Sewage (or domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced from a community of people.
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Shedd, Oregon
Shedd is an unincorporated community in Linn County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 99E.
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Shoal
In oceanography, geomorphology, and earth sciences, a shoal is a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface.
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Shoshone
The Shoshone or Shoshoni are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions.
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Shoshone Falls
Shoshone Falls is a waterfall on the Snake River in southern Idaho, United States, approximately northeast of the city of Twin Falls.
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Shrub-steppe
Shrub-steppe is a type of low rainfall natural grassland.
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Silicate
In chemistry, a silicate is any member of a family of anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula, where 0 ≤ x Silicate anions are often large polymeric molecules with an extense variety of structures, including chains and rings (as in polymeric metasilicate), double chains (as in, and sheets (as in. In geology and astronomy, the term silicate is used to mean silicate minerals, ionic solids with silicate anions; as well as rock types that consist predominantly of such minerals. In that context, the term also includes the non-ionic compound silicon dioxide (silica, quartz), which would correspond to x.
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Sinixt
The Sinixt"Sinixt Nation…" (also known as the Sin-Aikst or Sin Aikst,Reyes 2002, passim. "Senjextee", "Arrow Lakes Band", or — less commonly in recent decades — simply as "The Lakes") are a First Nations People.
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Sinkiuse-Columbia
The Sinkiuse-Columbia were a Native American tribe so-called because of their former prominent association with the Columbia River.
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Slave River
The Slave River is a Canadian river that flows from the confluence of the Rivière des Rochers and Peace River in northeastern Alberta and empties into Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories.
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Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
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Snake River
The Snake River is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest region in the United States.
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Snake River Plain
gorges, such as this one near Twin Falls, Idaho The Snake River Plain is a geologic feature located primarily within the U.S. state of Idaho.
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Snow Dome (Canada)
Snow Dome is a mountain located on the Continental Divide in the Columbia Icefield, where the boundary of Banff National Park and Jasper National Park meets the border of Alberta and British Columbia in Canada.
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Sockeye salmon
Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), also called red salmon, kokanee salmon, or blueback salmon, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers discharging into it.
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Spokane people
The Spokan or Spokane people are a Native American Plateau tribe who inhabited the eastern portion of the Washington state and parts of northern Idaho in the United States of America.
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Spokane River
The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States.
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Spokane, Washington
Spokane is a city in the state of Washington in the northwestern United States.
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Steamboat
A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels.
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Steamboats of the Arrow Lakes
The era of steamboats on the Arrow Lakes and adjoining reaches of the Columbia River is long-gone but was an important part of the history of the West Kootenay and Columbia Country regions of British Columbia.
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Steamboats of the Columbia River, Wenatchee Reach
Steamboats operated on the Wenatchee Reach of the Columbia River from the late 1880s to 1915.
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Steamboats of the Willamette River
The Willamette River flows northwards down the Willamette Valley until it meets the Columbia River at a point 101 milesTimmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing, at 89–90, 228, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1972 from the Pacific Ocean, in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Steamship
A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically drive (turn) propellers or paddlewheels.
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Strait of Juan de Fuca
The Strait of Juan de Fuca (officially named Juan de Fuca Strait in Canada) is a large body of water about long that is the Salish Sea's outlet to the Pacific Ocean.
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Streamflow
Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle.
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Subduction
Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.
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Sump
A sump (American English and some parts of Canada: oil pan) is a low space that collects often undesirable liquids such as water or chemicals.
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Superfund
Superfund is a United States federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of sites contaminated with hazardous substances and pollutants.
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Table Mountain (Skamania County, Washington)
Table Mountain is a peak rising on the north side of the Columbia River in Washington state, about north-northwest of Bonneville Dam.
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Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
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The Columbia River Collection
The Columbia River Collection, originally released as the Columbia River Ballads, is a compilation album of songs folksinger Woody Guthrie wrote during his visit to the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington in 1941.
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The Columbian
The Columbian is a daily newspaper for Vancouver, Washington and Clark County in Washington State in the United States.
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The Dalles, Oregon
The Dalles is the county seat and largest city of Wasco County, Oregon, United States.
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The Gorge Amphitheatre
The Gorge Amphitheatre is a 27,500-seat outdoor concert venue near the Columbia River in George, Washington managed by Live Nation.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The Oregon Encyclopedia
The Oregon Encyclopedia of History and Culture is a collaborative encyclopedia focused on the history and culture of the U.S. state of Oregon.
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The Oregonian
The Oregonian is a daily newspaper based in Portland, Oregon, owned by Advance Publications.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.
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Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
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Thuja plicata
Thuja plicata, commonly called western or Pacific redcedar, giant or western arborvitae, giant cedar, or shinglewood, is a species of Thuja, an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae native to western North America.
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Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of Earth.
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Tide gauge
A tide gauge (also known as mareograph or marigraph, as well as sea-level recorder) is a device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a vertical datum.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timothy Egan
Timothy Egan (born November 8, 1954) is an American author, journalist and op-ed columnist for The New York Times, writing from a liberal perspective.
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Trafford Publishing
Trafford Publishing is a company for self publishing using print on demand technology, formerly based in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, and now based in Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
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Trail, British Columbia
Trail is a city in the West Kootenay region of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada.
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Treaty of 1818
The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818, Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, was an international treaty signed in 1818 between the above parties.
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Tri-Cities, Washington
The Tri-Cities are three closely tied citiesKennewick, Pasco, and Richlandlocated at the confluence of the Yakima, Snake, and Columbia Rivers in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington.
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Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake.
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Triple Divide Peak (Montana)
Triple Divide Peak is located in the Lewis Range, part of the Rocky Mountains in North America.
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Tsuga heterophylla
Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California.
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U-shaped valley
U-shaped valleys, trough valleys or glacial troughs, are formed by the process of glaciation.
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U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils
The eight U.S. regional fishery management councils are the primary forums for developing conservation and management measures for U.S. marine fisheries.
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Umatilla people
The Umatilla are a Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribe who traditionally inhabited the Columbia Plateau region of the northwestern United States, along the Umatilla and Columbia rivers.
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United States Army Corps of Engineers
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel, making it one of the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies.
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United States Bureau of Reclamation
The United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and formerly the United States Reclamation Service (not to be confused with the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement), is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and operation of the diversion, delivery, and storage projects that it has built throughout the western United States for irrigation, water supply, and attendant hydroelectric power generation.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (in case citations, 9th Cir.) is a U.S. Federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts.
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United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.
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United States Department of the Interior
The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.
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United States Forest Service
The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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United States Secretary of the Interior
The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the U.S. Department of the Interior.
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United States v. Washington
United States v. Washington, 384 F. Supp.
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University of British Columbia Press
The University of British Columbia Press (UBC Press) is a university press that is part of the University of British Columbia.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Idaho Press
The University of Idaho Press is a university press that is part of the University of Idaho; their books are distributed by Caxton Press.
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University of Nebraska Press
The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.
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University of Oregon Press
University of Oregon Press, or UO Press is an American university press that is part of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon.
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University of Toronto Press
The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian scholarly publisher and book distributor founded in 1901.
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University of Washington Press
The University of Washington Press is an American academic publishing house.
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Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
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Utah
Utah is a state in the western United States.
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Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington, and the largest suburb of Portland, Oregon.
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Vanport, Oregon
Vanport, sometimes referred to as Vanport City or Kaiserville, was a hastily constructed city of wartime public housing in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States, between the contemporary Portland city boundary and the Columbia River.
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Vernonia, Oregon
Vernonia is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States.
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W. W. Norton & Company
W.
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Wallula Gap
Wallula Gap is a large water gap of the Columbia River through basalt anticlines in the Columbia River Basin in the U.S. state of Washington, just south of the confluence of the Walla Walla and Columbia rivers.
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Washington (state)
Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
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Washington State Department of Ecology
The Washington State Department of Ecology, or simply, Ecology, is an environmental regulatory agency for the State of Washington.
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Washington State Department of Natural Resources
The Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) manages over of forest, range, agricultural, and commercial lands in the U.S. state of Washington.
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Washington State University Press
Washington State University Press (or WSU Press) is a university press that is part of Washington State University.
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Washington Territory
The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington.
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Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.
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Weathering
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.
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Wenatchee River
The Wenatchee River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington, originating at Lake Wenatchee and flowing southeast for, emptying into the Columbia River immediately north of Wenatchee, Washington.
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Wenatchee, Washington
Wenatchee is a city located in north-central Washington and is the largest city and county seat of Chelan County, Washington, United States.
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Wenatchi
The Wenatchi people are a group of Native Americans who originally lived in the region near the confluence of the Columbia and Wenatchee Rivers in Eastern Washington State.
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Western United States
The Western United States, commonly referred to as the American West, the Far West, or simply the West, traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States.
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White Salmon River
The White Salmon River is a tributary of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington.
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White sturgeon
White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae of the order Acipenseriformes.
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Whitman massacre
The Whitman massacre (also known as the Walla Walla massacre and the Whitman Incident) was the murder of Oregon missionaries Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa, along with eleven others, on November 29, 1847.
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Willamette River
The Willamette River is a major tributary of the Columbia River, accounting for 12 to 15 percent of the Columbia's flow.
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Willamette Valley
The Willamette Valley is a long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
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William Clark
William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor.
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William Robert Broughton
William Robert Broughton (22 March 176214 March 1821) was a British naval officer in the late 18th century.
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Wind River Range
The Wind River Range (or "Winds" for short), is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in western Wyoming in the United States.
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Windermere Lake (British Columbia)
Lake Windermere is a very large widening in the Columbia River.
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Woody Guthrie
Woodrow Wilson Guthrie (July 14, 1912 – October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter, one of the most significant figures in American folk music; his songs, including social justice songs, such as "This Land Is Your Land", have inspired several generations both politically and musically.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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World Wide Fund for Nature
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961, working in the field of the wilderness preservation, and the reduction of human impact on the environment.
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Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.
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Yakama
The Yakama is a Native American tribe with nearly 10,851 members, inhabiting Washington state.
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Yakima River
The Yakima River is a tributary of the Columbia River in south central and eastern Washington state, named for the indigenous Yakama people.
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Yakima War
The Yakima War (1855-1858) was a conflict between the United States and the Yakama, a Sahaptian-speaking people of the Northwest Plateau, then part of Washington Territory, and the tribal allies of each.
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Yakima, Washington
Yakima is a U.S. city, the county seat of Yakima County, Washington and the state's eleventh largest city by population.
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Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.
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Yoho National Park
Yoho National Park is located in the Canadian Rocky Mountains along the western slope of the Continental Divide of the Americas in southeastern British Columbia.
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1700 Cascadia earthquake
The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2.
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1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
On May 18, 1980, a major volcanic eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens, a volcano located in Skamania County, in the State of Washington.
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Redirects here:
Colombia River, Colombia river, Columbia River (Canada and the United States), Columbia River/infobox, Columbia river, ColumbiaRiverGeobox, Mid-Columbia Basin, Pollution of the Columbia River, River Columbia, River of the West, The Columbia river.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_River
