Comparison of operating systems

These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone and tablet computer) operating systems. ^[1]

Access control list

An access control list (ACL), with respect to a computer file system, is a list of permissions attached to an object.

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Acorn Computers

Acorn Computers Ltd. was a British computer company established in Cambridge, England, in 1978.

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Advanced Disc Filing System

The Advanced Disc Filing System (ADFS) is a computing file system particular to the Acorn computer range and RISC OS-based successors.

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Amiga Fast File System

The Amiga Fast File System (abbreviated AFFS, or more commonly historically as FFS, not to be confused with the identically named Berkeley Unix FFS) is a file system used on the Amiga personal computer.

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Amiga Old File System

On the Amiga, the Old File System was the filesystem for AmigaOS before the Amiga Fast File System.

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AmigaOS

AmigaOS is a family of proprietary native operating systems of the Amiga and AmigaOne personal computers.

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AmigaOS 4

AmigaOS 4 (abbreviated as OS4 or AOS4) is a line of Amiga operating systems which runs on PowerPC microprocessors.

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Aminet

Aminet is the world's largest archive of Amiga-related software and files.

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Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum (born March 16, 1944), sometimes referred to by the handle ast, is an American-Dutch computer scientist and professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

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Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

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Android Oreo

Android "Oreo" (codenamed Android O during development) is the eighth major update and the 15th version of the Android operating system.

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Apache License

The Apache License is a permissive free software license written by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF).

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AppArmor

AppArmor ("Application Armor") is a Linux kernel security module that allows the system administrator to restrict programs' capabilities with per-program profiles.

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Apple File System

Apple File System (APFS) is a proprietary file system for macOS High Sierra and later, iOS 10.3 and later, tvOS 10.2 and later, and watchOS 3.2 and later, developed and deployed by Apple Inc. It aims to fix core problems of HFS+ (also called Mac OS Extended), APFS's predecessor on these operating systems.

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Apple Filing Protocol

The Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), formerly AppleTalk Filing Protocol, is a proprietary network protocol, and part of the Apple File Service (AFS), that offers file services for macOS and the classic Mac OS.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Apple Lisa

The Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, released on January 19, 1983.

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Apple Public Source License

The Apple Public Source License is the open-source and free software license under which Apple's Darwin operating system was released.

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Application programming interface

In computer programming, an application programming interface (API) is a set of subroutine definitions, protocols, and tools for building software.

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ARM architecture

ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine, is a family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments.

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AROS Research Operating System

AROS Research Operating System (AROS pronounced "AR-OS") is a free and open source multi media centric implementation of the AmigaOS 3.1 APIs.

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BAE Systems

BAE Systems plc is a British multinational defence, security, and aerospace company.

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BBC Master

The BBC Master is a home computer released by Acorn Computers in early 1986.

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Be File System

The Be File System (BFS) is the native file system for the BeOS.

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Bell Labs

Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.

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BeOS API

The BeOS API, often called the Be API after Be Inc., is the application programming interface required to write graphical native applications on BeOS, and hence its derivatives such as ZETA and Haiku.

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BeOS R5

BeOS R5 is the final version of BeOS from Be Inc..

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Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.

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Biba Model

The Biba Model or Biba Integrity Model developed by Kenneth J. Biba in 1975, is a formal state transition system of computer security policy that describes a set of access control rules designed to ensure data integrity.

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BSD licenses

BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and redistribution of covered software.

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Btrfs

Btrfs (pronounced as "butter fuss", "better F S", "butter F S", "b-tree F S", or simply by spelling it out) is a file system based on the copy-on-write (COW) principle, initially designed at Oracle Corporation for use in Linux.

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Burroughs MCP

The MCP (Master Control Program) is the proprietary operating system of the Burroughs small, medium and large systems, including the Unisys Clearpath/MCP systems.

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Cabinet (file format)

Cabinet (or CAB) is an archive-file format for Microsoft Windows that supports lossless data compression and embedded digital certificates used for maintaining archive integrity.

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Capability-based security

Capability-based security is a concept in the design of secure computing systems, one of the existing security models.

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Carbon (API)

Carbon is one of Apple Inc.'s C-based application programming interfaces (APIs) for the Macintosh operating system.

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Castle Technology

Castle Technology Limited, named after Framlingham Castle, is a British computer company based in Cambridge, England.

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Chattr

is the command in the Linux operating system that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file residing on a Linux file system.

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Chrome OS

Chrome OS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.

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Chromebook

A Chromebook is a laptop or tablet running the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system.

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Chroot

A chroot on Unix operating systems is an operation that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process and its children.

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Classic Mac OS

Classic Mac OS is a colloquial term used to describe a series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Inc. from 1984 until 2001.

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Client access license

A client access license (CAL) is a commercial software license that allow clients to use server software services.

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Cocoa (API)

Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for their operating system macOS.

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Commodore International

Commodore International (or Commodore International Limited) was an American home computer and electronics manufacturer founded by Jack Tramiel.

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Common Criteria

The Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (abbreviated as Common Criteria or CC) is an international standard (ISO/IEC 15408) for computer security certification.

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Common Development and Distribution License

Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) is a free and open-source software license, produced by Sun Microsystems, based on the Mozilla Public License (MPL).

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Comparison of BSD operating systems

There are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variants options.

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Comparison of command shells

A command shell is a command line interface computer program to an operating system.

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Comparison of DOS operating systems

This article details various versions of DOS-compatible operating systems.

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Comparison of file systems

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file systems.

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Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems

This is a comparison of operating systems in regard to their support of the IPv6 protocol.

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Comparison of Linux distributions

Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations.

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Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions

Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems created by Microsoft.

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Comparison of mobile operating systems

This is a comparison of mobile operating systems.

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Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions

Netbooks are small laptops, with screen sizes between approximately 7 and 12 inches and low power consumption.

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Comparison of open-source operating systems

These tables compare free software / open-source operating systems.

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Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions

Technical variations of Solaris distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations.

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Comparison of operating system kernels

A kernel is the most fundamental component of a computer operating system.

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Comparison of real-time operating systems

This is a list of real-time operating systems.

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Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP

This page is a comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP.

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Computer architecture

In computer engineering, computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems.

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Cygwin

Cygwin is a Unix-like environment and command-line interface for Microsoft Windows.

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Debian

Debian is a Unix-like computer operating system that is composed entirely of free software, and packaged by a group of individuals participating in the Debian Project.

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DEC Alpha

Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), designed to replace their 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer (CISC) ISA.

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Digital Equipment Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation, also known as DEC and using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1950s to the 1990s.

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DragonFly BSD

DragonFly BSD is a free and open source Unix-like operating system created as a fork of FreeBSD 4.8.

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Eclipse Public License

The Eclipse Public License (EPL) is an open source software license used by the Eclipse Foundation for its software.

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EComStation

eComStation or eCS is a PC operating system based on OS/2, published by Serenity Systems and Mensys BV and currently owned and developed by XEU.com.

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Econet

Econet was Acorn Computers's low-cost local area network system, intended for use by schools and small businesses.

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ECryptfs

eCryptfs (Enterprise Cryptographic Filesystem) is a package of disk encryption software for Linux.

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Educational software

Educational software is computer software, the primary purpose of which is teaching or self-learning.

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

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EPOC (operating system)

EPOC is a mobile operating system developed by Psion, a British company founded in 1980.

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Evaluation Assurance Level

The Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL1 through EAL7) of an IT product or system is a numerical grade assigned following the completion of a Common Criteria security evaluation, an international standard in effect since 1999.

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ExFAT

exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) is a Microsoft file system introduced in 2006 optimized for flash memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards.

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Explore2fs

Explore2fs is an Explorer-like program for Microsoft Windows that is capable of reading ext2 and ext3 (Linux) hard disk partitions.

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Ext2

The ext2 or second extended file system is a file system for the Linux kernel.

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Ext2Fsd

Ext2Fsd (short for Ext2 File System Driver) is a free Installable File System driver written in C for the Microsoft Windows operating system family.

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Ext3

ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel.

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Ext4

The ext4 or fourth extended filesystem is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3.

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File Allocation Table

File Allocation Table (FAT) is a computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it.

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File system

In computing, a file system or filesystem controls how data is stored and retrieved.

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File system permissions

Most file systems have methods to assign permissions or access rights to specific users and groups of users.

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File Transfer Protocol

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

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Files-11

Files-11, also known as on-disk structure, is the file system used by Digital Equipment Corporation OpenVMS operating system, and also (in a simpler form) by the older RSX-11.

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Firewall (computing)

In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

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Flexera Software

Flexera is an American computer software company based in Itasca, Illinois.

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Fossil (file system)

Fossil is the default file system in Plan 9 from Bell Labs.

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FreeBSD

FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from Research Unix via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

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FreeBSD jail

The FreeBSD jail mechanism is an implementation of operating system-level virtualization that allows system administrators to partition a FreeBSD-based computer system into several independent mini-systems called jails.

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Gentoo Linux

Gentoo Linux (pronounced) is a Linux distribution built using the Portage package management system.

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GhostBSD

GhostBSD is a Unix-like operating system based on FreeBSD, with Xfce and MATE as its default desktop environments (GNOME was the previous desktop environment).

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GNU

GNU is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software.

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GNU Affero General Public License

The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license published by the Free Software Foundation in November 2007, and based on the GNU General Public License, version 3 and the Affero General Public License.

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GNU General Public License

The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is a widely used free software license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the software.

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GNU Lesser General Public License

The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).

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GNU Project

The GNU Project is a free-software, mass-collaboration project, first announced on September 27, 1983 by Richard Stallman at MIT.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Graphical user interface

The graphical user interface (GUI), is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

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GTK+

GTK+ (formerly GIMP Toolkit) is a cross-platform widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces.

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Haage & Partner

Haage & Partner is a German company established in 1995.

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Haiku (operating system)

Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS.

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HAMMER

HAMMER is a high-availability 64-bit file system developed by Matthew Dillon for DragonFly BSD using B+ trees.

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Hewlett-Packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

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HFS Plus

HFS Plus or HFS+ is a file system developed by Apple Inc. It replaced the Hierarchical File System (HFS) as the primary file system of Apple computers with the 1998 release of Mac OS 8.1.

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Hi Performance FileSystem

Hi Performance FileSystem (HFS) is a file system used in the HP-UX operating system.

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Hierarchical File System

Hierarchical File System (HFS) is a proprietary file system developed by Apple Inc. for use in computer systems running Mac OS.

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High Performance File System

HPFS ("High Performance File System") is a file system created specifically for the OS/2 operating system to improve upon the limitations of the FAT file system.

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History of Linux

The history of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel.

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Home theater PC

A home theater PC (HTPC) or media center computer is a convergence device that combines some or all the capabilities of a personal computer with a software application that supports video, photo, audio playback, and sometimes video recording functionality.

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HP Multi-Programming Executive

MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is a discontinued business-oriented mainframe computer real-time operating system made by Hewlett-Packard.

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HP-UX

HP-UX (from "Hewlett Packard Unix") is Hewlett Packard Enterprise's proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system, based on UNIX System V (initially System III) and first released in 1984.

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Hybrid kernel

A hybrid kernel is an operating system kernel architecture that attempts to combine aspects and benefits of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in computer operating systems.

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Hyperion Entertainment

Hyperion Entertainment CVBA (formerly Hyperion Entertainment VOF) is a Belgian software company which in its early years focused in porting Windows games to Amiga OS, Linux and Mac OS.

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IA-64

IA-64 (also called Intel Itanium architecture) is the instruction set architecture (ISA) of the Itanium family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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IBM AIX

AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, pronounced) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM for several of its computer platforms.

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IBM i

IBM i is an operating system that runs on IBM Power Systems and on IBM PureSystems.

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IBM mainframe

IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952.

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IBM POWER instruction set architecture

The IBM POWER ISA is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by IBM.

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IBM RS64

The IBM RS64 is a family of microprocessors that were used in the late 1990s in IBM's RS/6000 and AS/400 servers.

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IBM Spectrum Scale

IBM Spectrum Scale is a high-performance clustered file system developed by IBM.

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Image Packaging System

The Image Packaging System, also known as IPS or pkg(5), is a cross-platform (written in Python) package management system created by the OpenSolaris community in coordination with Sun Microsystems.

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Inferno (operating system)

Inferno is a distributed operating system started at Bell Labs and now developed and maintained by Vita Nuova Holdings as free software.

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Input/output

In computing, input/output or I/O (or, informally, io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system.

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Installer (macOS)

Installer is an application included in macOS (and in its progenitors OPENSTEP and NeXTSTEP) that extracts and installs files out of.pkg packages.

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Interrupt

In system programming, an interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.

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IOS

iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware.

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IPFilter

IPFilter (commonly referred to as ipf) is an open-source software package that provides firewall services and network address translation (NAT) for many Unix-like operating systems.

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Ipfirewall

ipfirewall or ipfw is a FreeBSD IP, stateful firewall, packet filter and traffic accounting facility.

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IPsec

In computing, Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a secure network protocol suite of IPv4 that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data sent over an IPv4 network.

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IRIX

IRIX is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on their MIPS workstations and servers.

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ISC license

The ISC license is a permissive free software license published by the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC).

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ISO 9660

ISO 9660 is a file system for optical disc media.

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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JFS (file system)

Journaled File System or JFS is a 64-bit journaling file system created by IBM.

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Joliet (file system)

Joliet is a filesystem commonly used to store information on CD-ROM computer discs.

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Kernel (operating system)

The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over everything in the system.

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LHA (file format)

LHA is a freeware compression utility and associated file format.

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Light-weight Linux distribution

A light-weight Linux distribution is a Linux distribution that has lower memory and/or processor-speed requirements than a more "feature-rich" Linux distribution.

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Linus Torvalds

Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer who is the creator, and historically, the principal developer of the Linux kernel, which became the kernel for operating systems such as the Linux operating systems, Android, and Chrome OS.

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Linux

Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.

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Linux distribution

A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.

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Linux-VServer

Linux-VServer is a virtual private server implementation that was created by adding operating system-level virtualization capabilities to the Linux kernel.

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Lisp (programming language)

Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.

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List of cryptographic file systems

This is a list of filesystems with support for filesystem-level encryption.

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List of macOS components

This is a list of macOS (earlier called Mac OS X) components, features that are included in the current Mac operating system.

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List of operating systems

This is a list of operating systems.

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Loadable kernel module

In computing, a loadable kernel module (LKM) is an object file that contains code to extend the running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system.

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Log-structured file system

A log-structured filesystem is a file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a circular buffer, called a log.

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Lucent Public License

The Lucent Public License is an open-source license created by Lucent Technologies.

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LZX (algorithm)

LZX is an LZ77 family compression algorithm.

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Macintosh File System

Macintosh File System (MFS) is a volume format (or disk file system) created by Apple Computer for storing files on 400K floppy disks.

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Macintosh Toolbox

The Macintosh Toolbox is a set of application programming interfaces with a particular access mechanism.

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MacOS

macOS (previously and later) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.

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MacOS Server

macOS Server, formerly Mac OS X Server and OS X Server, is a separately sold operating system add-on which provides additional server programs along with management and administration tools for macOS.

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MacvsWindows

Mac vs Windows (formerly XvsXP) was an online operating system comparison wiki run by James Scariati and Michael Moriarty.

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Magnussoft ZETA

magnussoft ZETA, earlier yellowTAB ZETA, was an operating system formerly developed by yellowTAB of Germany based on the Be Operating System developed by Be Inc.; because of yellowTAB's insolvency, ZETA was later being developed by an independent team of which little was known, and distributed by magnussoft.

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Mainframe computer

Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron") are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.

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Mandatory access control

In computer security, mandatory access control (MAC) refers to a type of access control by which the operating system constrains the ability of a subject or initiator to access or generally perform some sort of operation on an object or target.

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Media Transfer Protocol

The Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) is an extension to the Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP) communications protocol that allows media files to be transferred atomically to and from portable devices.

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Microkernel

In computer science, a microkernel (also known as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS).

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsoft Tablet PC

Microsoft Tablet PC is a term coined by Microsoft for tablet computers conforming to a set of specifications announced in 2001 by Microsoft, for a pen-enabled personal computer, conforming to hardware specifications devised by Microsoft and running a licensed copy of Windows XP Tablet PC Edition operating system or a derivative thereof.

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Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.

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MINIX 3

MINIX 3 is a project to create a small, high availability, high functioning Unix-like operating system.

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MIPS architecture

MIPS (an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA)Price, Charles (September 1995).

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MIT License

The MIT License is a permissive free software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

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MKS Toolkit

MKS Toolkit is a software package produced and maintained by that provides a Unix-like environment for scripting, connectivity and porting Unix and Linux software to both 32- and 64-bit Microsoft Windows systems.

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Monolithic kernel

A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space and is alone in supervisor mode.

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MorphOS

MorphOS is an AmigaOS-like computer operating system.

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Motorola 68000 series

The Motorola 68000 series (also termed 680x0, m68000, m68k, or 68k) is a family of 32-bit CISC microprocessors.

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MS-DOS

MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft.

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MS-DOS API

The MS-DOS API is an API which originated with 86-DOS and is used in MS-DOS/PC DOS and other DOS-compatible operating systems.

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Multilevel security

Multilevel security or multiple levels of security (MLS) is the application of a computer system to process information with incompatible classifications (i.e., at different security levels), permit access by users with different security clearances and needs-to-know, and prevent users from obtaining access to information for which they lack authorization.

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MVS

Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, was the most commonly used operating system on the System/370 and System/390 IBM mainframe computers.

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Namespace

In computing, a namespace is a set of symbols that are used to organize objects of various kinds, so that these objects may be referred to by name.

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Native API

The Native API is a lightweight application programming interface (API) used by Windows NT and user mode applications.

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NetBSD

NetBSD is a free and open source Unix-like operating system that descends from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Research Unix derivative developed at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Netfilter

Netfilter is a framework provided by Linux that allows various networking-related operations to be implemented in the form of customized handlers.

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NetWare

NetWare is a discontinued computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, using the IPX network protocol.

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NetWare File System

In computing, a NetWare File System (NWFS) is a file system based on a heavily modified version of FAT.

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Network address translation

Network address translation (NAT) is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.

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Network File System

Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a computer network much like local storage is accessed.

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Network-attached storage

Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.

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NeXT (later NeXT Computer and NeXT Software) was an American computer and software company founded in 1985 by Apple Computer co-founder Steve Jobs.

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NeXTSTEP

NeXTSTEP is a discontinued object-oriented, multitasking operating system based on UNIX.

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NonStop (server computers)

NonStop is a series of server computers introduced to market in 1976 by Tandem Computers Inc., beginning with the NonStop product line, which was followed by the Hewlett-Packard Integrity NonStop product line extension.

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Novell

Novell, Inc. was a software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah.

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Novell S-Net

S-Net was a network operating system and the set of network protocols it used to talk to client machines on the network.

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Novell Storage Services

Novell Storage Services (NSS) is a file system used by the Novell NetWare operating system.

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NPF (firewall)

NPF is a BSD licensed stateful packet filter, a central piece of software for firewalling.

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NTFS

NTFS (New Technology File System) is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft.

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NX bit

The NX bit (no-execute) is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions (code) or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors.

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Open Enterprise Server

Open Enterprise Server (OES) is a server operating system published by Novell in March 2005 to succeed their NetWare product.

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OpenBSD

OpenBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like computer operating system descended from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Research Unix derivative developed at the University of California, Berkeley.

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OpenIndiana

OpenIndiana is a free and open-source, Unix operating system derived from OpenSolaris and based on illumos.

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OpenSolaris

OpenSolaris is a discontinued, open source computer operating system based on Solaris created by Sun Microsystems.

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OpenVMS

OpenVMS is a closed-source, proprietary computer operating system for use in general-purpose computing.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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Operating system advocacy

Operating system advocacy is the practice of attempting to increase the awareness and improve the perception of a computer operating system.

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Operating-system-level virtualization

Operating-system-level virtualization, also known as containerization, refers to an operating system feature in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user-space instances.

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Oracle Corporation

Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation, headquartered in Redwood Shores, California.

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Oracle VM Server for SPARC

Logical Domains (LDoms or LDOM) is the server virtualization and partitioning technology for SPARC V9 processors.

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Original equipment manufacturer

An Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.

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OS 2200

OS 2200 is the operating system for the Unisys ClearPath Dorado family of mainframe systems.

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OS/2

OS/2 is a series of computer operating systems, initially created by Microsoft and IBM under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci.

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OS/360 and successors

OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was heavily influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages.

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OS/390

OS/390 is an IBM operating system for the System/390 IBM mainframe computers.

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Over-the-air programming

Over-the-Air programming (OTA) refers to various methods of distributing new software, configuration settings, and even updating encryption keys to devices like cellphones, set-top boxes or secure voice communication equipment (encrypted 2-way radios).

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PA-RISC

PA-RISC is an instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hewlett-Packard.

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Pace plc

Pace plc was a British company who developed set-top boxes (STBs), advanced residential gateways, software and services for the pay-TV and broadband services industry.

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Package manager

A package manager or package management system is a collection of software tools that automate the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs for a computer's operating system in a consistent manner.

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Personal computer

A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.

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Personal digital assistant

A personal digital assistant (PDA), also known as a handheld PC, is a variety mobile device which functions as a personal information manager.

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PF (firewall)

PF (Packet Filter, also written pf) is a BSD licensed stateful packet filter, a central piece of software for firewalling.

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Pkgsrc

pkgsrc (package source) is a package management system for Unix-like operating systems.

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Plan 9 from Bell Labs

Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system, originating in the Computing Sciences Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s, and building on UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s; until the Labs' final release at the start of 2015.

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Portable media player

A portable media player (PMP) or digital audio player (DAP) is a portable consumer electronics device capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio, images, and video files.

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Portage (software)

Portage is a package management system originally created for and used by Gentoo Linux and also by Chrome OS, Sabayon, and Funtoo Linux among others.

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Ports collection

Ports collections (or ports trees, or just ports) are the sets of makefiles and patches provided by the BSD-based operating systems, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, as a simple method of installing software or creating binary packages.

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POSIX

The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems.

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Power Architecture

Power Architecture is a registered trademark for similar reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction sets for microprocessors developed and manufactured by such companies as IBM, Freescale/NXP, AppliedMicro, LSI, Teledyne e2v and Synopsys.

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PowerPC

PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

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Principle of least privilege

In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege (PoLP, also known as the principle of minimal privilege or the principle of least authority) requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module (such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject) must be able to access only the information and resources that are necessary for its legitimate purpose.

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Privilege (computing)

In computing, privilege is defined as the delegation of authority over a computer system.

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Professional File System

The Professional File System is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga, now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license.

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Psion (company)

Psion was a designer and manufacturer of mobile handheld computers for commercial and industrial applications.

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QFS

QFS (Quick File System) is a filesystem from Oracle.

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QNX

QNX is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.

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QNX4FS

QNX4FS is an extent-based file system used by the QNX4 and QNX6 operating systems.

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ReactOS

ReactOS is a free and open-source operating system for x86/x64 personal computers intended to be binary-compatible with computer programs and device drivers made for Windows Server 2003.

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Red Carpet (software)

Red Carpet is a package management system for Linux kernel-based operating system that was developed as part of the Ximian desktop.

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Red Hat

Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinational software company providing open-source software products to the enterprise community.

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ReiserFS

ReiserFS is a general-purpose, journaled computer file system formerly designed and implemented by a team at Namesys led by Hans Reiser.

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Resource Access Control Facility

RACF, short for Resource Access Control Facility, is an IBM software product.

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Richard Stallman

Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often known by his initials, rms—is an American free software movement activist and programmer.

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RISC iX

RISC iX is a discontinued Unix operating system designed to run on the Acorn Archimedes.

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RISC OS

RISC OS is a computer operating system originally designed by Acorn Computers Ltd in Cambridge, England.

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RISC OS Open

RISC OS Open Ltd. (also referred to as ROOL) is a limited company engaged in computer software and IT consulting.

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RISC-V

RISC-V (pronounced "risk-five") is an open instruction set architecture (ISA) based on established reduced instruction set computing (RISC) principles.

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RISCOS Ltd

RISCOS Ltd. (also referred to as ROL) was a limited company engaged in computer software and IT consulting.

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Role-based access control

In computer systems security, role-based access control (RBAC) is an approach to restricting system access to authorized users.

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Rpm (software)

RPM Package Manager (RPM) (originally Red Hat Package Manager; now a recursive acronym) is a package management system.

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RSX-11

RSX-11 is a discontinued family of multi-user real-time operating systems for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation.

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Seccomp

seccomp (short for secure computing mode) is a computer security facility in the Linux kernel.

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Security-Enhanced Linux

Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including United States Department of Defense–style mandatory access controls (MAC).

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Security-focused operating system

This is a list of operating systems with a sharp security focus.

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SecurityFocus

SecurityFocus is an online computer security news portal and purveyor of information security services.

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Server (computing)

In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients".

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Server Message Block

In computer networking, Server Message Block (SMB), one version of which was also known as Common Internet File System (CIFS), operates as an application-layer network protocol mainly used for providing shared access to files, printers, and serial ports and miscellaneous communications between nodes on a network.

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Service Update Management Assistant

The Service Update Management Assistant (SUMA) automates the update process for the AIX operating system by the retrieval of maintenance updates from IBM.

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Setuid

setuid and setgid (short for "set user ID upon execution" and "set group ID upon execution", respectively) are Unix access rights flags that allow users to run an executable with the permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories.

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Shared source

A shared source or source available software source code distribution model includes arrangements where the source can be viewed, and in some cases modified, but without necessarily meeting the criteria to be called open source.

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Silicon Graphics

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (later rebranded SGI, historically known as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) was an American high-performance computing manufacturer, producing computer hardware and software.

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SIS (file format)

SIS is an acronym that stands for Software Installation Script.

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Smart File System

The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems (though some support also exists for IBM PC compatibles).

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Smartphone

A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi.

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SMP/E

SMP/E (System Modification Program/Extended) "is a tool designed to manage the installation of software products on z/OS system and to track the modifications" to those products.

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Software Distributor

Software Distributor (SD) is the Hewlett-Packard company's name for their HP-UX software package management system.

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Software license

A software license is a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of software.

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SoftwareValet

SoftwareValet is a software installer for BeOS, originally developed by Starcode Software.

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Solaris (operating system)

Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

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Solaris Containers

Solaris Containers (including Solaris Zones) is an implementation of operating system-level virtualization technology for x86 and SPARC systems, first released publicly in February 2004 in build 51 beta of Solaris 10, and subsequently in the first full release of Solaris 10, 2005.

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Solaris Trusted Extensions

Solaris Trusted Extensions is a set of security extensions incorporated in the Solaris 10 operating system by Sun Microsystems, featuring a mandatory access control model.

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Source lines of code

Source lines of code (SLOC), also known as lines of code (LOC), is a software metric used to measure the size of a computer program by counting the number of lines in the text of the program's source code.

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SPARC

SPARC, for Scalable Processor Architecture, is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

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Sun Microsystems

Sun Microsystems, Inc. was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC.

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SunOS

SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems.

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Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer.

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SuperH

SuperH (or SH) is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hitachi and currently produced by Renesas.

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Superuser

In computing, the superuser is a special user account used for system administration.

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Symbian

Symbian is a discontinued mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones.

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Symbian Foundation

The Symbian Foundation was a non-profit organisation that stewarded the Symbian operating system for mobile phones which previously had been owned and licensed by Symbian Ltd..

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Symbian Ltd.

Symbian Ltd. was a software development and licensing company, known for the Symbian OS, a smartphone operating system, and other related technologies.

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System 1

"System 1" is the first Apple Macintosh operating system version and the beginning of the classic Mac OS series.

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System 7

System 7 (codenamed "Big Bang" and sometimes retrospectively called Mac OS 7) is a graphical user interface-based operating system for Macintosh computers and is part of the classic Mac OS series of operating systems.

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Tablet computer

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a portable personal computer, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.

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Telephone

A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.

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Timeline of operating systems

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day.

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TRIPOS

TRIPOS (TRIvial Portable Operating System) is a computer operating system.

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TrueOS

TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD or PCBSD) is a Unix-like, desktop-oriented operating system built upon the most recent releases of FreeBSD-CURRENT.

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Unisys

No description.

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Universal Disk Format

Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a profile of the specification known as ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167 and is an open vendor-neutral file system for computer data storage for a broad range of media.

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Unix

Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

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Unix File System

The Unix file system (UFS; also called the Berkeley Fast File System, the BSD Fast File System or FFS) is a file system supported by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems.

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Unix filesystem

In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system.

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UNIX System V

UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system.

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Unix-like

A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.

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Usage share of operating systems

The usage share of operating systems is an estimate of the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system at any particular time.

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User space

A modern computer operating system usually segregates virtual memory into kernel space and user space.

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VAX

VAX is a discontinued instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the mid-1970s.

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Venti

Venti is a network storage system that permanently stores data blocks.

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Veriexec

Veriexec is a file-signing scheme for the NetBSD operating system.

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Veritas File System

The VERITAS File System (or VxFS; called JFS and OnlineJFS in HP-UX) is an extent-based file system.

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Versatile Real-Time Executive

Versatile Real-Time Executive (VRTX) is a real-time operating system developed and marketed by the company Mentor Graphics.

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Virtual Storage Access Method

Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) is an IBM DASD file storage access method, first used in the OS/VS1, OS/VS2 Release 1 (SVS) and Release 2 (MVS) operating systems, later used throughout the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) architecture and now in z/OS.

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VM (operating system)

VM (often: VM/CMS) is a family of IBM virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes System/370, System/390, zSeries, System z and compatible systems, including the Hercules emulator for personal computers.

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VSE (operating system)

z/VSE (Virtual Storage Extended) is an operating system for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965.

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VxWorks

VxWorks is a real-time operating system (RTOS) developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems, an Intel subsidiary of Alameda, California, US.

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WebDAV

Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allows clients to perform remote Web content authoring operations.

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Wind River Systems

Wind River Systems, also known as Wind River, is an Alameda, California-based wholly owned subsidiary of TPG Capital.

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Windows 10

Windows 10 (codenamed Redstone, formerly Threshold) is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.

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Windows 3.x

Windows 3.x means either of, or all of the following versions of Microsoft Windows.

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Windows 8.1

Windows 8.1 (codenamed Blue) is a computer operating system released by Microsoft.

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Windows 9x

Windows 9x is a generic term referring to a series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000, which were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS, both of which were updated in subsequent versions.

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Windows API

The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is Microsoft's core set of application programming interfaces (APIs) available in the Microsoft Windows operating systems.

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Windows Firewall

Windows Firewall (officially called Windows Defender Firewall in Windows 10), is a firewall component of Microsoft Windows.

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Windows Installer

Windows Installer (previously known as Microsoft Installer, codename Darwin) is a software component and application programming interface (API) of Microsoft Windows used for the installation, maintenance, and removal of software.

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Windows ME

Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows ME (marketed with the pronunciation of the pronoun "me", commonly pronounced as an initialism, "M-E (Codenamed Millennium)", is a graphical operating system from Microsoft released to manufacturing in June 2000, and launched in September 2000.

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Windows NT

Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993.

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Windows NT 3.5

Windows NT 3.5 is an operating system developed by Microsoft, released on September 21, 1994.

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Windows Server

Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released by Microsoft.

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Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft and released on April 24, 2003.

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Windows Server 2012

Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server 8", is the sixth release of Windows Server.

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Windows Server 2016

Windows Server 2016 is a server operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10.

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Windows Services for UNIX

Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) is a discontinued software package produced by Microsoft which provided a Unix environment on Windows NT and some of its immediate successor operating-systems.

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Windows Update

Windows Update is a Microsoft service for the Windows 9x and Windows NT families of operating system, which automates downloading and installing software updates over the Internet.

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Wine (software)

Wine (recursive backronym for Wine Is Not an Emulator) is a free and open-source compatibility layer that aims to allow computer programs (application software and computer games) developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems.

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Workstation

A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.

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X Window System

The X Window System (X11, or shortened to simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on UNIX-like computer operating systems.

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X86

x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.

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X86-64

x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64 and Intel 64) is the 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set.

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XAD (software)

The XAD system is an open-source client-based unarchiving system for the Amiga.

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XFS

XFS is a high-performance 64-bit journaling file system created by Silicon Graphics, Inc (SGI) in 1993.

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XTS-400

The XTS-400 is a multilevel secure computer operating system.

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YellowTAB

yellowTAB was a German software firm that produced an operating system called "yellowTAB ZETA".

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Z/Architecture

z/Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions (ESAME), is IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers.

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Z/OS

z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM mainframes, produced by IBM.

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Z/VM

z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems.

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ZDNet

ZDNet is a business technology news website published by CBS Interactive, along with TechRepublic.

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ZFS

ZFS is a combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems and now owned by Oracle Corporation.

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Zip (file format)

ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression.

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.NET Framework

.NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows.

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386BSD

386BSD, sometimes called "Jolix", is a discontinued free Unix-like operating system based on BSD, first released in 1992.

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9P (protocol)

9P (or the Plan 9 Filesystem Protocol or Styx) is a network protocol developed for the Plan 9 from Bell Labs distributed operating system as the means of connecting the components of a Plan 9 system.

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Compare OS, Compare operating system, Compare operating systems, Comparison of Mac and windows, Comparison of OSes, Comparison of operating system, Comparison of operating systems (security), OS comparison, Operating system comparison, Operating systems comparison.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems

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