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66 relations: Accelerated Graphics Port, Address decoder, Aperture (computer memory), AUTOEXEC.BAT, Bank switching, BIOS, Color Graphics Adapter, COMMAND.COM, Computer terminal, CONFIG.SYS, DOS, DOS extender, DOS memory management, DOS Protected Mode Interface, DOS Protected Mode Services, DOS/4G, DOSKEY, DR-DOS, EMM386, Enhanced Graphics Adapter, Expanded memory, Extended memory, Framebuffer, Hexadecimal, High memory area, IBM 3270 PC, IBM Monochrome Display Adapter, IBM PC compatible, IBM PCjr, IBM Personal Computer, IBM Personal Computer XT, Intel 80286, Intel 80386, Intel 8086, Intel 8088, Kilobyte, Linux, LOADHIGH, Long mode, Lotus 1-2-3, MacOS, Memory management unit, Memory-mapped I/O, Microsoft Windows, MS-DOS, NetWare, Paging, Patch (computing), PC game, Personal Computer World, ..., Protected mode, QEMM, Random-access memory, Real mode, SCSI, Sirius Systems Technology, Sound Blaster 16, Terminal emulator, Terminate and stay resident program, Unreal mode, Upper memory area, Virtual Control Program Interface, Virtual memory, Watcom C/C++, X86 memory segmentation, 3 GB barrier. Expand index (16 more) »
Accelerated Graphics Port
The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) was designed as a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer system, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.
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Address decoder
In digital electronics, an address decoder is a binary decoder that has two or more inputs for address bits and one or more outputs for device selection signals.
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Aperture (computer memory)
In computing, an aperture is a portion of physical address space (i.e. physical memory) that is associated with a particular peripheral device or a memory unit.
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AUTOEXEC.BAT
AUTOEXEC.BAT is a system file that was originally on DOS-type operating systems.
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Bank switching
Bank switching is a technique used in computer design to increase the amount of usable memory beyond the amount directly addressable by the processor.
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BIOS
BIOS (an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is non-volatile firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
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Color Graphics Adapter
The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), originally also called the Color/Graphics Adapter or IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter, introduced in 1981, was IBM's first graphics card and first color display card for the IBM PC.
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COMMAND.COM
COMMAND.COM is the default command-line interpreter for DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows ME.
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Computer terminal
A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying or printing data from, a computer or a computing system.
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CONFIG.SYS
CONFIG.SYS is the primary configuration file for the DOS and OS/2 operating systems.
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DOS
DOS is a family of disk operating systems.
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DOS extender
A DOS extender is a computer software program running under DOS that enables software to run in a protected mode environment even though the host operating system is only capable of operating in real mode.
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DOS memory management
In IBM PC compatible computing, DOS memory management refers to software and techniques employed to give applications access to more than 640 kibibytes (640*1024 bytes) (kiB) of "conventional memory".
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DOS Protected Mode Interface
In computing, the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) is a specification introduced in 1989 which allows a DOS program to run in protected mode, giving access to many features of the new PC processors of the time not available in real mode.
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DOS Protected Mode Services
DOS Protected Mode Services (DPMS) is a set of extended DOS memory management services to allow DPMS-enabled DOS drivers to load and execute in extended memory and protected mode.
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DOS/4G
DOS/4G is a 32-bit DOS extender developed by Rational Systems (now Tenberry Software).
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DOSKEY
DOSKEY is a utility for DOS and Microsoft Windows that adds command history, macro functionality, and improved editing features to the command line interpreters COMMAND.COM and CMD.EXE.
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DR-DOS
DR-DOS (DR DOS, without hyphen up to and including version 6.0) is an operating system of the DOS family, written for IBM PC-compatible personal computers.
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EMM386
The name EMM386 was used for the expanded memory managers of both Microsoft's MS-DOS and Digital Research's DR-DOS, which created expanded memory using extended memory on Intel 80386 CPUs.
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Enhanced Graphics Adapter
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is an IBM PC computer display standard from 1984 that superseded and exceeded the capabilities of the CGA standard introduced with the original IBM PC, and was itself superseded by the VGA standard in 1987.
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Expanded memory
In DOS memory management, expanded memory is a system of bank switching that provided additional memory to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional memory (640 KB).
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Extended memory
In DOS memory management, extended memory refers to memory above the first megabyte (220 bytes) of address space in an IBM PC or compatible with an 80286 or later processor.
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Framebuffer
A framebuffer (frame buffer, or sometimes framestore) is a portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display.
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Hexadecimal
In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal (also base, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.
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High memory area
In DOS memory management, the high memory area (HMA) is the RAM area consisting of the first 65520 bytes above the one megabyte in an IBM AT or compatible computer.
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IBM 3270 PC
The IBM 3270 PC (IBM System Unit 5271), released in October 1983, was an IBM PC XT containing additional hardware which could emulate the behaviour of an IBM 3270 terminal.
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IBM Monochrome Display Adapter
The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) is IBM's standard video display card and computer display standard for the PC introduced in 1981.
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IBM PC compatible
IBM PC compatible computers are computers similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to use the same software and expansion cards.
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IBM PCjr
The IBM PCjr (read "PC junior") was IBM's first attempt to enter the home computer market.
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IBM Personal Computer
The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform.
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IBM Personal Computer XT
The IBM Personal Computer XT, often shortened to the IBM XT, PC XT, or simply XT, is a version of the IBM PC with a built-in hard drive.
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Intel 80286
The Intel 80286 (also marketed as the iAPX 286 and often called Intel 286) is a 16-bit microprocessor that was introduced on 1 February 1982.
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Intel 80386
The Intel 80386, also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985.
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Intel 8086
The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and mid-1978, when it was released.
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Intel 8088
The Intel 8088 ("eighty-eighty-eight", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086.
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Kilobyte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
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Linux
Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.
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LOADHIGH
LOADHIGH (abbreviated 'LH') is an internal DOS command that is used to load a program into the upper memory area (UMA) instead of conventional memory.
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Long mode
In the x86-64 computer architecture, long mode is the mode where a 64-bit operating system can access 64-bit instructions and registers.
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Lotus 1-2-3
Lotus 1-2-3 is a discontinued spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (later part of IBM).
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MacOS
macOS (previously and later) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.
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Memory management unit
A memory management unit (MMU), sometimes called paged memory management unit (PMMU), is a computer hardware unit having all memory references passed through itself, primarily performing the translation of virtual memory addresses to physical addresses.
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Memory-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped I/O (MMIO) and port-mapped I/O (PMIO) (which is also called isolated I/O) are two complementary methods of performing input/output (I/O) between the central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral devices in a computer.
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Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
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MS-DOS
MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft.
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NetWare
NetWare is a discontinued computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, using the IPX network protocol.
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Paging
In computer operating systems, paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory.
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Patch (computing)
A patch is a set of changes to a computer program or its supporting data designed to update, fix, or improve it.
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PC game
PC games, also known as computer games or personal computer games, are video games played on a personal computer rather than a dedicated video game console or arcade machine.
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Personal Computer World
Personal Computer World (usually referred to as PCW) (February 1978 - June 2009) was the first British computer magazine.
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Protected mode
In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs).
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QEMM
Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager (QEMM) is a memory manager produced by Quarterdeck Office Systems in the late 1980s through late 1990s.
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Random-access memory
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.
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Real mode
Real mode, also called real address mode, is an operating mode of all x86-compatible CPUs.
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SCSI
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices.
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Sirius Systems Technology
Sirius Systems Technology was a personal computer manufacturer in Scotts Valley, California.
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Sound Blaster 16
The Sound Blaster 16 is a series of sound cards by Creative Technology.
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Terminal emulator
A terminal emulator, terminal application, or term, is a program that emulates a video terminal within some other display architecture.
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Terminate and stay resident program
Regarding computers, a terminate and stay resident program (commonly referred to by the initialism TSR) is a computer program that uses a system call in DOS operating systems to return control of the computer to the operating system, as though the program has quit, but stays resident in computer memory so it can be reactivated by a hardware or software interrupt.
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Unreal mode
In x86 computing, unreal mode, also big real mode, huge real mode, or flat real mode, is a variant of real mode, in which one or more segment descriptors has been loaded with non-standard values, like 32-bit limits allowing to access entire memory.
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Upper memory area
In DOS memory management, the upper memory area (UMA) refers to memory between the addresses of 640 KB and 1024 KB (0xA0000–0xFFFFF) in an IBM PC or compatible.
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Virtual Control Program Interface
In computing, the Virtual Control Program Interface (VCPI) is a specification published in 1989 by Phar Lap Software that allows a DOS program to run in protected mode, granting access to many features of the processor not available in real mode.
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Virtual memory
In computing, virtual memory (also virtual storage) is a memory management technique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine" which "creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory." The computer's operating system, using a combination of hardware and software, maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addresses, into physical addresses in computer memory.
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Watcom C/C++
Watcom C/C++ (currently Open Watcom C/C++) is an integrated development environment (IDE) product from Watcom International Corporation for the C, C++, and Fortran programming languages.
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X86 memory segmentation
x86 memory segmentation refers to the implementation of memory segmentation in the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture.
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3 GB barrier
In computing, the term 3 GB barrier refers to a limitation of some 32-bit operating systems running on x86 microprocessors.
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Redirects here:
640 KB barrier, 640 KiB barrier, 640 kB barrier, 640K, 640K barrier, 640k barrier, 640kb barrier, Base memory, Conventional Memory, Low Memory, Low Memory Area, Low memory, Low memory (DOS), Low memory area, Lower Memory, Lower Memory Area, Lower memory, Lower memory (DOS), Lower memory area.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_memory
