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252 relations: Adaptive radiation, Africa, Alaska, Albian, Alexandr Rasnitsyn, Algae, Alpine orogeny, American Cordillera, Ammonoidea, Anhanguera piscator, Anoxic event, Ant, Antarctica, Aphid, Aptian, Araucaria, Archosaur, Arenite, Atlantic Ocean, Australia, Baculites, Barremian, Batoidea, Bee, Belemnitida, Bennettitales, Berriasian, Biocoenosis, Biodiversity, Bioerosion, Bird, Butterfly, Calcareous, Calcite, Calcium carbonate, Campanian, Carbon dioxide, Carbonate, Carbonate hardgrounds, Carnivore, Carrion, Cenomanian, Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event, Cenozoic, Chalk, Chalk Group, Chicxulub crater, China, Choristodera, Cimolodonta, ..., Clade, Climate, Coal, Coccolith, Coccolithophore, Coelurosauria, Coevolution, Competence (geology), Confuciusornis, Coniacian, Consolidation (soil), Continent, Continental shelf, Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crocodilia, Cynodont, Deccan Traps, Deltatheroida, Denmark, Detritus, Diatom, Dinosaur, Discoscaphites, Dryolestoidea, Early Cretaceous, Echinoderm, Ecological niche, England, Epoch (geology), Equator, Era (geology), Europe, Eutheria, Eutriconodonta, Extinction, Family (biology), Fauna, Feather, Ficus, Flowering plant, Food chain, Foraminifera, France, Freshwater snail, Gall wasp, Geological formation, Geological period, German language, Germany, Gondwana, Gondwana Research, Grasshopper, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Grebe, Greenland, Group (stratigraphy), Gulf of Mexico, Gymnosperm, Hakel, Hauterivian, Hell Creek Formation, Herbivore, Hesperornis, Hesperornithes, Ichthyornis, Ichthyosaur, India, Indian Ocean, Inland sea (geology), Inoceramus, Insect, Insectivore, International Union of Geological Sciences, Invertebrate, Iridium, Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy, Journal of Iberian Geology, Jurassic, Kansas, Kronosaurus, Lagerstätte, Laramide orogeny, Larva, Late Cretaceous, Latin, Latitude, Lepidoptera, Liaoning, Limestone, List of fossil sites, Low Countries, Maastrichtian, Madagascar, Magnolia, Mammal, Maniraptora, Mantle plume, Marine reptile, Marine transgression, Marl, Marsupial, Mesozoic, Metatheria, Mid-ocean ridge, Miocene, Mollusca, Mosasaur, Mosasaurus, Moth, Multituberculata, Mussel, Myr, Nematonotus, Neocomian, Neuquén Basin, Nevadan orogeny, Normandy, North America, North Sea, Ocean, Omnivore, Ornithurae, Orogeny, Oyster, Paleobotany, Paleogene, Paleozoic, Pangaea, Paris Basin, Pelagic zone, Phanerozoic, Photosynthesis, Phys.org, Phytoplankton, Pinophyta, Placentalia, Plant, Platanus, Plate tectonics, Plesiosauria, Predation, Primary production, Pterosaur, Reptile, Rudists, Santonian, Schowalteria, Sea surface temperature, Sea urchin, Seabed, Seabird, Sediment, Sedimentary rock, Sedimentation, Series (stratigraphy), Sevier orogeny, Shale, Shark, Silicon dioxide, Smoky Hill Chalk, Solar energy, Source rock, South America, South Dakota, South Polar region of the Cretaceous, South Pole, Springer Science+Business Media, Stage (stratigraphy), Stagodontidae, Starfish, Stratum, Stream, Supercontinent, Teleost, Temnospondyli, Temperature gradient, Termite, Tethys Ocean, Tetrapod, Texas, Theria, Triceratops, Turonian, Tylosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, United Arab Emirates, Upwelling, Vaca Muerta, Valanginian, Víctor Alberto Ramos, Velociraptor, Volcano, Weald, Western Europe, Western Interior Seaway, White Cliffs of Dover, Woolungasaurus, Worm, Yixian Formation, Yucatán Peninsula. Expand index (202 more) »
Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
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Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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Alaska
Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.
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Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column.
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Alexandr Rasnitsyn
Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn (Russian: Александр Павлович Расницын) is a Russian entomologist, expert in palaeoentomology, and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (2001).
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Algae
Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
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Alpine orogeny
The Alpine orogeny or Alpide orogeny is an orogenic phase in the Late Mesozoic (Eoalpine) and the current Cenozoic that has formed the mountain ranges of the Alpide belt.
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American Cordillera
The American Cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, South America and Antarctica.
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Ammonoidea
Ammonoids are an extinct group of marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda.
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Anhanguera piscator
Anhanguera piscator (meaning "fishing old devil") is a species of pterosaur known from the Early Cretaceous (Albian age, 112Ma) Santana Formation of Brazil.
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Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area.
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Ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.
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Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column.
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Araucaria
Araucaria (original pronunciation) is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae.
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Archosaur
Archosaurs are a group of diapsid amniotes whose living representatives consist of birds and crocodilians.
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Arenite
Arenite (Latin Arena, sand) is a sedimentary clastic rock with sand grain size between 0.0625 mm (0.00246 in) and 2 mm (0.08 in) and contain less than 15% matrix.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Baculites
Baculites ("walking stick rock") is an extinct genus of cephalopods with a nearly straight shell, included in the heteromorph ammonites.
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Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 125.0 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous epoch (or Lower Cretaceous series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian stage.See Gradstein et al. (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below).
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Batoidea
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays.
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Bee
Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.
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Belemnitida
Belemnitida (or belemnites) is an extinct order of cephalopods which existed during the Mesozoic era, from the Hettangian age of the Lower Jurassic to the Maastrichtian age of the Upper Cretaceous.
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Bennettitales
Bennettitales (also known as cycadeoids) is an extinct order of seed plants that first appeared in the Triassic period and became extinct in most areas toward the end of the Cretaceous (i.e. they existed around 252 to 66 million years ago), although some Bennettitales appear to have survived into Oligocene times in Tasmania and eastern Australia.
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Berriasian
In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age or stage of the Early Cretaceous.
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Biocoenosis
A biocenosis (UK English, biocoenosis, also biocenose, biocoenose, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, life assemblage) coined by Karl Möbius in 1877, describes the interacting organisms living together in a habitat (biotope).
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.
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Bioerosion
Bioerosion describes the breakdown of hard ocean substrates – and less often terrestrial substrates – by living organisms.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths.
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Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.
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Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
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Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.
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Campanian
The Campanian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch (or, in chronostratigraphy: the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous series).
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carbonate
In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula of.
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Carbonate hardgrounds
Carbonate hardgrounds are surfaces of synsedimentarily cemented carbonate layers that have been exposed on the seafloor (Wilson and Palmer, 1992).
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Carnivore
A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
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Carrion
Carrion (from Latin caro, meaning "meat") is the decaying flesh of a dead animal.
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Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous series.
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Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event
The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event, or the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction event, the Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event (OAE 2), and referred to in Europe as the Bonarelli Event, was one of two anoxic extinction events in the Cretaceous period.
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Cenozoic
The Cenozoic Era meaning "new life", is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and, extending from 66 million years ago to the present day.
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Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite.
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Chalk Group
The Chalk Group (often just called the Chalk) is the lithostratigraphic unit (a certain number of rock strata) which contains the late Cretaceous limestone succession in southern and eastern England.
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Chicxulub crater
The Chicxulub crater is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Choristodera
Choristodera is an extinct order of semiaquatic diapsid reptiles that ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Late Triassic, to at least the early Miocene.
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Cimolodonta
The Cimolodonta are a taxon of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Climate
Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.
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Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
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Coccolith
Coccoliths are individual plates of calcium carbonate formed by coccolithophores (single-celled algae such as Emiliania huxleyi) which are arranged around them in a coccosphere.
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Coccolithophore
A coccolithophore (or coccolithophorid, from the adjective) is a unicellular, eukaryotic phytoplankton (alga).
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Coelurosauria
Coelurosauria (from Greek, meaning "hollow tailed lizards") is the clade containing all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to carnosaurs. Coelurosauria is a subgroup of theropod dinosaurs that includes compsognathids, tyrannosaurs, ornithomimosaurs, and maniraptorans; Maniraptora includes birds, the only dinosaur group alive today. Most feathered dinosaurs discovered so far have been coelurosaurs. Philip J. Currie considers it probable that all coelurosaurs were feathered. In the past, Coelurosauria was used to refer to all small theropods, this classification has since been abolished.
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Coevolution
In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.
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Competence (geology)
In geology competence refers to the degree of resistance of rocks to either erosion or deformation in terms of relative mechanical strength.
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Confuciusornis
Confuciusornis is a genus of primitive crow-sized birds from the Early Cretaceous Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago.
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Coniacian
The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale.
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Consolidation (soil)
Consolidation refers to the process by which soils change volume in response to a change in pressure.
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Continent
A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world.
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Continental shelf
The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea.
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Cretaceous Thermal Maximum
Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, also known as Cretaceous Thermal Optimum, was a period early in the Late Cretaceous notable for its dramatic increase in global temperatures.
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Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K-T) boundary, is a geological signature, usually a thin band of rock.
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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction, was a sudden mass extinction of some three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million years ago.
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Crocodilia
Crocodilia (or Crocodylia) is an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic archosaurian reptiles, known as crocodilians.
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Cynodont
The cynodonts ("dog teeth") (clade Cynodontia) are therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 Ma).
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Deccan Traps
Deccan Traps are a large igneous province located on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India (17°–24°N, 73°–74°E) and are one of the largest volcanic features on Earth.
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Deltatheroida
Deltatheroida is an extinct group of basal metatherians that were distantly related to modern marsupials.
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Denmark
Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.
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Detritus
In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material).
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.
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Discoscaphites
Discoscaphites is an extinct genus of ammonite.
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Dryolestoidea
Dryolestoidea is an extinct clade of Mesozoic mammals that only contains two orders.
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Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous/Middle Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous.
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Echinoderm
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals.
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Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche (CanE, or) is the fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Epoch (geology)
In geochronology, an epoch is a subdivision of the geologic timescale that is longer than an age but shorter than a period.
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Equator
An equator of a rotating spheroid (such as a planet) is its zeroth circle of latitude (parallel).
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Era (geology)
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Eutheria
Eutheria (from Greek εὐ-, eu- "good" or "right" and θηρίον, thēríon "beast" hence "true beasts") is one of two mammalian clades with extant members that diverged in the Early Cretaceous or perhaps the Late Jurassic.
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Eutriconodonta
Eutriconodonta is an order of early mammals.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Fauna
Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time.
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Feather
Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds and other, extinct species' of dinosaurs.
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Ficus
Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae.
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Flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.
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Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).
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Foraminifera
Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Freshwater snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in freshwater.
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Gall wasp
Gall wasps, also called gallflies, are a family (Cynipidae) in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea within the suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera.
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Geological formation
A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy.
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Geological period
A geological period is one of several subdivisions of geologic time enabling cross-referencing of rocks and geologic events from place to place.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Gondwana
Gondwana, or Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) until the Carboniferous (about 320 million years ago).
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Gondwana Research
Gondwana Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal with an "all earth science" scope and an emphasis on the origin and evolution of continents.
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Grasshopper
Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera within the order Orthoptera, which includes crickets and their allies in the other suborder Ensifera.
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Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GSE; Большая советская энциклопедия, БСЭ, Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published by the Soviet state from 1926 to 1990, and again since 2002 by Russia (under the name Bolshaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya or Great Russian Encyclopedia).
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Grebe
A grebe is a member of the order Podicipediformes and the only type of bird associated with this order.
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Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
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Group (stratigraphy)
A group in stratigraphy is a lithostratigraphic unit, a part of the geologic record or rock column that consists of defined rock strata.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes.
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Hakel
The Hakel is a palaeontological formation located in Lebanon.
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Hauterivian
The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous series.
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Hell Creek Formation
The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively-studied division of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana.
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Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
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Hesperornis
Hesperornis (meaning "western bird") is a genus of flightless aquatic birds that spanned the first half of the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period (83.5–78 mya).
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Hesperornithes
Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized group of aquatic avialans closely related to the ancestors of modern birds.
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Ichthyornis
Ichthyornis (meaning "fish bird", after its fish-like vertebrae) was a genus of toothed seabird-like ornithuran from the late Cretaceous period of North America.
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Ichthyosaur
Ichthyosaurs (Greek for "fish lizard" – ιχθυς or ichthys meaning "fish" and σαυρος or sauros meaning "lizard") are large marine reptiles.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).
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Inland sea (geology)
An inland sea (also known as an epeiric sea or an epicontinental sea) is a shallow sea that covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level that result in marine transgressions.
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Inoceramus
Inoceramus (Greek: translation "strong pot") is an extinct genus of fossil marine pteriomorphian bivalves that superficially resembled the related winged pearly oysters of the extant genus Pteria.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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Insectivore
robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous plant or animal that eats insects.
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International Union of Geological Sciences
The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of geology.
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
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Iridium
Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77.
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Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy
Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy (February 17, 1783 in Liège – January 15, 1875 in Brussels) was a Belgian geologist.
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Journal of Iberian Geology
Journal of Iberian Geology (formerly Cuadernos de Geología Ibérica) is a triannual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
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Jurassic
The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.
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Kansas
Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.
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Kronosaurus
Kronosaurus (meaning "lizard of Kronos") is an extinct genus of short-necked pliosaur.
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Lagerstätte
A Lagerstätte (from Lager 'storage, lair' Stätte 'place'; plural Lagerstätten) is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues.
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Laramide orogeny
The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago.
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Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
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Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous period is divided in the geologic timescale.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latitude
In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.
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Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans).
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Liaoning
Liaoning is a province of China, located in the northeast of the country.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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List of fossil sites
This list of fossil sites is a worldwide list of localities known well for the presence of fossils.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series, the Cretaceous period or system, and of the Mesozoic era or erathem.
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Madagascar
Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.
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Magnolia
Magnolia is a large genus of about 210The number of species in the genus Magnolia depends on the taxonomic view that one takes up.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Maniraptora
Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs that includes the birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox.
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Mantle plume
A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, first proposed by J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963.
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Marine reptile
Reptiles that live in the sea. Marine reptiles are reptiles which have become secondarily adapted for an aquatic or semiaquatic life in a marine environment.
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Marine transgression
A marine transgression is a geologic event during which sea level rises relative to the land and the shoreline moves toward higher ground, resulting in flooding.
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Marl
Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt.
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Marsupial
Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia.
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Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.
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Metatheria
Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals.
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Mid-ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
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Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Mosasaur
Mosasaurs (from Latin Mosa meaning the 'Meuse river', and Greek σαύρος sauros meaning 'lizard') are an extinct group of large marine reptiles containing 38 genera in total.
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Mosasaurus
Mosasaurus ("lizard of the Meuse River") is a genus of mosasaurs, extinct carnivorous aquatic lizards.
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Moth
Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera.
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Multituberculata
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct taxon of rodent-like allotherian mammals that existed for approximately 166 million years, the longest fossil history of any mammal lineage.
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Mussel
Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats.
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Myr
The abbreviation myr, "million years", is a unit of a quantity of (i.e.) years, or 31.6 teraseconds.
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Nematonotus
Nematonotus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Lower Cenomanian.
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Neocomian
In geology, Neocomian was a name given to the lowest stage of the Cretaceous system.
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Neuquén Basin
Neuquén Basin (Cuenca Neuquina) is a sedimentary basin covering most of Neuquén Province in Argentina.
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Nevadan orogeny
The Nevadan orogeny occurred along the western margin of North America during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time which is approximately from 155 Ma to 145 Ma.
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Normandy
Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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North Sea
The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
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Ocean
An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.
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Omnivore
Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.
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Ornithurae
Ornithurae (meaning "bird tails" in Greek) is a natural group which includes the common ancestor of Ichthyornis, Hesperornis, and all modern birds as well as all other descendants of that common ancestor.
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Orogeny
An orogeny is an event that leads to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) due to the interaction between plate tectonics.
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Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.
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Paleobotany
Paleobotany, also spelled as palaeobotany (from the Greek words paleon.
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Paleogene
The Paleogene (also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya.
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Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era (from the Greek palaios (παλαιός), "old" and zoe (ζωή), "life", meaning "ancient life") is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
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Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
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Paris Basin
The Paris Basin is one of the major geological regions of France having developed since the Triassic on a basement formed by the Variscan orogeny.
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Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
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Phanerozoic
The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phys.org
Phys.org is a science, research and technology news aggregator where much of the content is republished directly from press releases and news agencies-in a practice known as churnalism.
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Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.
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Pinophyta
The Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae, or commonly as conifers, are a division of vascular land plants containing a single extant class, Pinopsida.
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Placentalia
Placentalia ("Placentals") is one of the three extant subdivisions of the class of animals Mammalia; the other two are Monotremata and Marsupialia.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Platanus
Platanus is a genus consisting of a small number of tree species native to the Northern Hemisphere.
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
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Plesiosauria
Plesiosauria (Greek: πλησίος, plesios, meaning "near to" and Sauria) or plesiosaurs are an order or clade of Mesozoic marine reptiles (marine Sauropsida), belonging to the Sauropterygia.
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Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).
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Primary production
Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary-production potential, and not an actual estimate of it. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE. In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.
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Pterosaur
Pterosaurs (from the Greek πτερόσαυρος,, meaning "winged lizard") were flying reptiles of the extinct clade or order Pterosauria.
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Reptile
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.
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Rudists
Rudists are a group of box-, tube-, or ring-shaped marine heterodont bivalves that arose during the Late Jurassic and became so diverse during the Cretaceous that they were major reef-building organisms in the Tethys Ocean.
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Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage.
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Schowalteria
Schowalteria is a genus of extinct mammal from the Cretaceous of Canada.
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Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature (SST) is the water temperature close to the ocean's surface.
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Sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.
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Seabed
The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean.
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Seabird
Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.
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Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
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Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
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Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier.
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Series (stratigraphy)
Series are subdivisions of rock layers based on the age of the rock and formally defined by international conventions of the geological timescale.
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Sevier orogeny
The Sevier orogeny was a mountain-building event that affected western North America from Canada to the north to Mexico to the south.
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Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
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Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.
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Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
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Smoky Hill Chalk
The Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk formation is a Cretaceous conservation Lagerstätte, or fossil rich geological formation, known primarily for its exceptionally well-preserved marine reptiles.
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Solar energy
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.
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Source rock
In petroleum geology, source rock refers to rocks from which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of being generated.
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South America
South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
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South Dakota
South Dakota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
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South Polar region of the Cretaceous
The South Polar region of the Cretaceous featured the polar forests of the Cretaceous, 145–66 mya, while the continent of Australia was still linked to Antarctica to form East Gondwana, a product of the break-up of Gondwana and its splitting from Africa, drifting southward.
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South Pole
The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.
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Stagodontidae
Stagodontidae is an extinct family of carnivorous metatherian mammals that inhabited North America during the late Cretaceous.
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Starfish
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.
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Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.
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Stream
A stream is a body of water with surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.
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Supercontinent
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass.
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Teleost
The teleosts or Teleostei (Greek: teleios, "complete" + osteon, "bone") are by far the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and make up 96% of all extant species of fish.
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Temnospondyli
Temnospondyli (from Greek τέμνειν (temnein, "to cut") and σπόνδυλος (spondylos, "vertebra")) is a diverse subclass of extinct small to giant tetrapods—often considered primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic periods.
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Temperature gradient
A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location.
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Termite
Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.
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Tethys Ocean
The Tethys Ocean (Ancient Greek: Τηθύς), Tethys Sea or Neotethys was an ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era located between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia, before the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous Period.
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Tetrapod
The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- "four" and πούς "foot") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods; it includes living and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs, and its subgroup birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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Theria
Theria (Greek: θηρίον, wild beast) is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes (the sister taxa to Yinotheria).
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Triceratops
Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America.
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Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous series.
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Tylosaurus
Tylosaurus (Greek τυλος/tylos "protuberance, knob" + Greek σαυρος/sauros "lizard") was a mosasaur, a large, predatory marine lizard closely related to modern monitor lizards and to snakes.
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Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
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Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
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Vaca Muerta
Vaca Muerta (in Spanish Dead Cow) is a geologic formation of Jurassic and Cretaceous age, located at Neuquén Basin in Argentina.
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Valanginian
In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous.
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Víctor Alberto Ramos
Víctor Alberto Ramos (born 1945) is an Argentine geologist who has contributed to the paleogeography and plate tectonics of South America.
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Velociraptor
Velociraptor (meaning "swift seizer" in Latin) is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 75 to 71 million years ago during the later part of the Cretaceous Period.
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Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
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Weald
The Weald is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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Western Interior Seaway
The Western Interior Seaway (also called the Cretaceous Seaway, the Niobraran Sea, the North American Inland Sea, and the Western Interior Sea) was a large inland sea that existed during the mid- to late Cretaceous period as well as the very early Paleogene, splitting the continent of North America into two landmasses, Laramidia to the west and Appalachia to the east.
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White Cliffs of Dover
The White Cliffs of Dover, part of the North Downs formation, is the name given to the region of English coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France.
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Woolungasaurus
Woolungasaurus glendowerensis ('Glendower's Woolunga lizard', named after an Aboriginal mythical reptile, Persson 1960) is a plesiosaur, an extinct marine reptile, belonging to the Elasmosauridae.
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Worm
Worms are many different distantly related animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body and no limbs.
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Yixian Formation
The Yixian Formation is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans 11 million years during the early Cretaceous period.
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Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula (Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel.
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Redirects here:
Creataceous, Cretacaeous, Cretaceous (geology), Cretaceous Africa, Cretaceous Age, Cretaceous Period, Cretaceous System, Cretaceous period, Cretaceous system, Cretacious, Cretacious Era, Cretacous, Early Late Cretaceous, Early-Late Cretaceous, Middle Cretaceous.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous
