Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba. ^[1]

ABC News (United States)

ABC News is the news division of the American television network ABC.

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Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film

The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films.

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Adlai Stevenson II

Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American politician and diplomat who was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1961 until his death in 1965.

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Admiral

Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies.

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Aerospace Defense Command

Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for air defense of the continental United States.

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Air Force Cross (United States)

The Air Force Cross (AFC) is the United States Air Force and United States Space Force's second highest military decoration for airmen and guardians who distinguish themselves with extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force.

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Alaska

Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America.

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Aleksandr Feklisov

Aleksandr Semyonovich Feklisov (Russian: Александр Семёнович Феклисов; 9 March 1914 – 26 October 2007) was a Soviet spy, the NKVD Case Officer who handled Julius Rosenberg and Klaus Fuchs, among others.

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Alert state

An alert state or state of alert is an indication of the state of readiness of the armed forces for military action or a state against natural disasters, terrorism or military attack.

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Alexander Alexeyev (diplomat)

Alexander Ivanovich Alexeyev (Александр Иванович Алексеев, born Shitov (Шитов); 14 August 1913 – 19 June 2001, in Moscow) was a Soviet intelligence agent who posed first as a journalist and later a diplomat.

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Alfred Hitchcock

Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English film director.

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Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

The Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues is a searchable collection of vetted annotations and bibliographic information for resources including books, articles, films, CD-ROMs, and websites pertaining to nuclear topics.

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American Heritage (magazine)

American Heritage is a magazine dedicated to covering the history of the United States for a mainstream readership.

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American imperialism

American imperialism is the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the boundaries of the United States of America.

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American Journal of Sociology

The American Journal of Sociology is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences.

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American Political Science Review

The American Political Science Review (APSR) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science.

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Amintore Fanfani

Amintore Fanfani (6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms.

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Anadyr (river)

The Anadyr (Ана́дырь; Yukaghir: Онандырь; Йъаайваам) is a river in the far northeast of Siberia which flows into the Gulf of Anadyr of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

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Anadyr (town)

Anadyr (Ана́дырь,; Chukchi,; Southern Chukchi, Winga/Wingen, Praktikum, p. 18, exercise 42) is a port town and the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located at the mouth of the Anadyr River at the tip of a peninsula that protrudes into Anadyrsky Liman.

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Anastas Mikoyan

Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan (Анастас Иванович Микоян; Anastas Hovhannesi Mikoyan; – 21 October 1978) was a Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary who served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the head of state of the Soviet Union.

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Anatoly Dobrynin

Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin (Анато́лий Фёдорович Добры́нин, 16 November 1919 – 6 April 2010) was a Soviet statesman, diplomat, and politician.

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Aníbal Escalante

Aníbal Escalante Dellundé (1909 – 11 August 1977) was a Cuban communist and political organizer. Cuban Missile Crisis and Aníbal Escalante are Cuba–Soviet Union relations.

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Andrei Gromyko

Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (Андрей Андреевич Громыко; Андрэй Андрэевіч Грамыка; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet politician and diplomat during the Cold War.

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Andrew Cockburn

Andrew Myles Cockburn (born 7 January 1947) is a British journalist and the Washington, D.C., editor of Harper's Magazine.

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Andros, Bahamas

Andros Island is an archipelago within The Bahamas, the largest of the Bahamian Islands.

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Apulia

Apulia, also known by its Italian name Puglia, is a region of Italy, located in the southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Otranto and Ionian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Taranto to the south.

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Arms Control Association

The Arms Control Association is a United States-based nonpartisan membership organization founded in 1971, with the self-stated mission of "promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies." The group publishes the monthly magazine Arms Control Today.

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Artemisa Province

Artemisa Province is one of the two new provinces created from the former La Habana Province, whose creation was approved by the Cuban National Assembly on August 1, 2010, the other being Mayabeque Province.

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Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr. (born Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger; October 15, 1917 – February 28, 2007) was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual.

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Atglen, Pennsylvania

Atglen is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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İlhami Sancar

İlhami Sancar (1909 – 13 December 1986) was a Turkish judge, politician and former government minister.

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Baikonur Cosmodrome

The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan.

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Ballistic missile submarine

A ballistic missile submarine is a submarine capable of deploying submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with nuclear warheads.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

The Bay of Pigs Invasion (sometimes called Invasión de Playa Girón or Batalla de Playa Girón after the Playa Girón) was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by the United States of America and the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF), consisting of Cuban exiles who opposed Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, clandestinely financed and directed by the U.S. Cuban Missile Crisis and Bay of Pigs Invasion are aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, cold War history of Cuba, cold War history of the United States, Fidel Castro and presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

The Robert and Renée Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, also known as the Belfer Center, is a research center located at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States.

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Benedict Cumberbatch

Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor.

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Bering Sea

The Bering Sea (p) is a marginal sea of the Northern Pacific Ocean.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Berlin Crisis of 1961

The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (Berlin-Krise) was the last major European political and military incident of the Cold War concerning the status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany. Cuban Missile Crisis and Berlin Crisis of 1961 are cold War history of the Soviet Union.

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Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).

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Black Cat Squadron

The Black Cat Squadron, formally the 35th Squadron, was a squadron of the Republic of China Air Force that flew the U-2 surveillance plane out of Taoyuan Air Base in northern Taiwan, from 1961 to 1974.

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Blockade

A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force. Cuban Missile Crisis and blockade are blockades.

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Boeing B-47 Stratojet

The Boeing B-47 Stratojet (Boeing company designation Model 450) is a retired American long-range, six-engined, turbojet-powered strategic bomber designed to fly at high subsonic speed and at high altitude to avoid enemy interceptor aircraft.

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Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber.

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Boeing C-135 Stratolifter

The Boeing C-135 Stratolifter is a transport aircraft derived from the prototype Boeing 367-80 jet airlinerJane's all the World's Aircraft 1963–1964.

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Bomber gap

The bomber gap was the Cold War belief that the Soviet Union's Long Range Aviation department had gained an advantage in deploying jet-powered strategic bombers.

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Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

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Brookings Institution

The Brookings Institution, often stylized as Brookings, is an American think tank that conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics (and tax policy), metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, global economy, and economic development.

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Brown University

Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania.

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Call of Duty: Black Ops

Call of Duty: Black Ops is a 2010 first-person shooter game developed by Treyarch and published by Activision.

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Casus belli

A casus belli is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war.

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Cemal Gürsel

Cemal Gürsel (9 June 1894 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish military officer and politician who was the 4th president of Turkey, serving from 1960 to 1966 after taking power in a coup d'état.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago

Chaguaramas lies in the Northwest Peninsula of Trinidad west of Port of Spain; the name is often applied to the entire peninsula, but is sometimes used to refer to its most developed area.

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Chancellor

Chancellor (cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries.

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Charles de Gaulle

Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.

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Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on was 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by Jon Lee Anderson), asserts that he was actually born on 14 May of that year. Constenla alleges that she was told by Che's mother, Celia de la Serna, that she was already pregnant when she and Ernesto Guevara Lynch were married and that the date on the birth certificate of their son was forged to make it appear that he was born a month later than the actual date to avoid scandal.

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Chester B. Bowles

Chester Bliss Bowles (April 5, 1901 – May 25, 1986) was an American diplomat and ambassador, governor of Connecticut, congressman and co-founder of a major advertising agency, Benton & Bowles, now part of Publicis Groupe.

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Chief of Naval Operations

The chief of naval operations (CNO) is the highest-ranking officer of the United States Navy.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Chukotsky District

Chukotsky District (Чуко́тский райо́н, Čukótskiy rayón; Chukchi: Чукоткакэн район, Čukotkakèn rajon) is an administrativeLaw #33-OZ and municipalLaw #47-OZ district (raion), one of the six in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.

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Clare Boothe Luce

Clare Boothe Luce (March 10, 1903 – October 9, 1987) was an American writer, politician, U.S. ambassador, and public conservative figure.

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Cleveland Park

Cleveland Park is a residential neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. It is located at and bounded approximately by Rock Creek Park to the east, Wisconsin and Idaho Avenues to the west, Klingle and Woodley Roads to the south, and Rodman and Tilden Streets to the north.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Cuban Missile Crisis and Cold War are Soviet Union–United States military relations.

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Columbia University Press

Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.

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Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3

Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 is a real-time strategy video game developed by EA Los Angeles and published by Electronic Arts.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Communist Party of Cuba

The Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is the sole ruling party of Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis and Communist Party of Cuba are aftermath of the Cuban Revolution.

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Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution

The consolidation of the Cuban Revolution is a period in Cuban history typically defined as starting in the aftermath of the revolution in 1959 and ending in the first congress of the Communist Party of Cuba 1975, which signified the final political solidification of the Cuban revolutionaries' new government. Cuban Missile Crisis and consolidation of the Cuban Revolution are aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, cold War history of Cuba, cold War history of the United States, Fidel Castro and presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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Contiguous United States

The contiguous United States (officially the conterminous United States) consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states and the District of Columbia of the United States of America in central North America.

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Convair B-58 Hustler

The Convair B-58 Hustler, designed and produced by American aircraft manufacturer Convair, was the first operational bomber capable of Mach 2 flight.

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Convair F-102 Delta Dagger

The Convair F-102 Delta Dagger was an interceptor aircraft designed and produced by the American aircraft manufacturer Convair.

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CORONA (satellite)

The Corona program was a series of American strategic reconnaissance satellites produced and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate of Science & Technology with substantial assistance from the U.S. Air Force.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

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Cuban exile

A Cuban exile is a person who emigrated from Cuba in the Cuban exodus.

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Cuban Revolution

The Cuban Revolution (Revolución cubana) was the military and political effort to overthrow Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship which reigned as the government of Cuba between 1952 and 1959. Cuban Missile Crisis and cuban Revolution are cold War conflicts, cold War history of Cuba, Cuba–United States relations and Fidel Castro.

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Cuban thaw

The Cuban thaw (deshielo cubano) was the normalization of Cuba–United States relations that began in December 2014, ending a 54-year stretch of hostility between the nations. Cuban Missile Crisis and cuban thaw are Cuba–United States relations.

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Curtis LeMay

Curtis Emerson LeMay (November 15, 1906 – October 1, 1990) was a US Air Force general who implemented an effective but controversial strategic bombing campaign in the Pacific theater of World War II.

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Daniel Ellsberg

Daniel Ellsberg (April 7, 1931 – June 16, 2023) was an American political activist, economist, and United States military analyst.

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David A. Burchinal

David Arthur Burchinal (April 17, 1915 – August 17, 1990) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Deputy Commander in Chief, United States European Command from 1966 to 1973.

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De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

The de-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania from the Soviet Union was the release of Romania from its Soviet satellite status in the 1960s. Cuban Missile Crisis and de-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania are Nikita Khrushchev.

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Deadline Hollywood

Deadline Hollywood, commonly known as Deadline and also referred to as Deadline.com, is an online news site founded as the news blog Deadline Hollywood Daily by Nikki Finke in 2006.

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Dean Rusk

David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909December 20, 1994) was the United States secretary of state from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, the second-longest serving Secretary of State after Cordell Hull from the Franklin Roosevelt administration.

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DEFCON

The defense readiness condition (DEFCON) is an alert state used by the United States Armed Forces.

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Defense Intelligence Agency

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is an intelligence agency and combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense, specializing in defense and military intelligence.

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Denial and deception

Denial and deception (D&D) is a Western theoretical framework for conceiving and analyzing military intelligence techniques pertaining to secrecy and deception.

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Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon designed to destroy submarines by detonating in the water near the target and subjecting it to a destructive hydraulic shock.

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Deputy Director of CIA for Operations

The deputy director of the CIA for operations is a senior United States government official in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency who serves as head of the Directorate of Operations.

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Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union

This is a list of all deputy premiers of the Soviet Union.

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Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats.

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Diplomatic History (journal)

Diplomatic History is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the foreign relations history of the United States.

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Double agent

In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization.

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Dr. Strangelove

Dr.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Eastern Time Zone

The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 23 states in the eastern part of the United States, parts of eastern Canada, and the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico.

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Edward Lansdale

Edward Geary Lansdale (February 6, 1908 – February 23, 1987) was a United States Air Force officer until retiring in 1963 as a major general before continuing his work with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

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Elizabeth Kolbert

Elizabeth Kolbert (born July 6, 1961) is an American journalist, author, and visiting fellow at Williams College.

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Emigration from the Eastern Bloc

After World War II, emigration restrictions were imposed by countries in the Eastern Bloc, which consisted of the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Ettore Bernabei

Ettore Bernabei (16 May 1921 – 13 August 2016) was an Italian television director and producer.

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EXCOMM

The Executive Committee of the National Security Council (commonly referred to as simply the Executive Committee or ExComm) was a body of United States government officials that convened to advise President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Cuban Missile Crisis and EXCOMM are cold War history of the United States and presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district/national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.

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Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.

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Field gun

A field gun is a field artillery piece.

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First strike (nuclear strategy)

In nuclear strategy, a first strike or preemptive strike is a preemptive surprise attack employing overwhelming force.

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Flagship

A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag.

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Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Foreign Relations of the United States (book series)

Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) is a book series published by the Office of the Historian in the United States Department of State.

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Foy D. Kohler

Foy David Kohler (February 15, 1908 – December 23, 1990) was an American diplomat who was the United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

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Fulgencio Batista

Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as a military dictator from 1952 until his overthrow in the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

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GCHQ

Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance (IA) to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom. Primarily based at "The Doughnut" in the suburbs of Cheltenham, GCHQ is the responsibility of the country's Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Foreign Secretary), but it is not a part of the Foreign Office and its Director ranks as a Permanent Secretary.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

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George Ball (diplomat)

George Wildman Ball (December 21, 1909 – May 26, 1994) was an American diplomat and banker.

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George Washington University

The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a private federally-chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Originally named Columbian College, it was chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress and is the first university founded under Washington D.C.'s jurisdiction.

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George Whelan Anderson Jr.

George Whelan Anderson Jr. (December 15, 1906 – March 20, 1992) was an admiral in the United States Navy and a diplomat.

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Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian politician and electrician.

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Giorgi Abashvili

Georgy Abashvili (გიორგი აბაშვილი; Гео́ргий Семёнович Абашви́ли, Georgiy Semyonovich Abashvili) (8 January 1910 – 26 September 1982) was a Soviet naval commander and vice-admiral (1955).

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Giulio Andreotti

Giulio Andreotti (14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st prime minister of Italy in seven governments (1972–1973, 1976–1979, and 1989–1992), and was leader of the Christian Democracy party and its right-wing; he was the sixth-longest-serving prime minister since the Italian unification and the second-longest-serving post-war prime minister.

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Graham Allison

Graham Tillett Allison Jr. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

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Greville Wynne

Greville Maynard Wynne (19 March 1919 – 28 February 1990) was a British engineer and businessman recruited by MI6 because of his frequent travel to Eastern Europe.

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GRU (Soviet Union)

Main Intelligence Directorate (ˈglavnəjə rɐzˈvʲɛdɨvətʲɪlʲnəjə ʊprɐˈvlʲenʲɪjə), abbreviated GRU (p), was the foreign military intelligence agency of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces until 1991.

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Grumman HU-16 Albatross

The Grumman HU-16 Albatross is a large, twin–radial engined amphibious seaplane that was used by the United States Air Force (USAF), the U.S. Navy (USN), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the Royal Canadian Air Force primarily as a search and rescue (SAR) aircraft.

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Guantanamo Bay Naval Base

Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (Base Naval de la Bahía de Guantánamo), officially known as Naval Station Guantanamo Bay or NSGB, (also called GTMO, pronounced Gitmo as jargon by members of the U.S. military) is a United States military base located on of land and water on the shore of Guantánamo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba.

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Hackett Publishing Company

Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. is an academic publishing house located in Indianapolis, Indiana.

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Harold Macmillan

Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.

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Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Heavy cruiser

A heavy cruiser was a type of cruiser, a naval warship designed for long range and high speed, armed generally with naval guns of roughly 203 mm (8 inches) in calibre, whose design parameters were dictated by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

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HGM-25A Titan I

The Martin Marietta SM-68A/HGM-25A Titan I was the United States' first multistage intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), in use from 1959 until 1962.

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History Channel

History (stylized in all caps), formerly and commonly known as the History Channel, is an American pay television network and flagship channel owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between Hearst Communications and The Walt Disney Company's General Entertainment Content Division.

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Ilyushin Il-28

The Ilyushin Il-28 (Илью́шин Ил-28; NATO reporting name: Beagle) is a jet bomber of the immediate postwar period that was originally manufactured for the Soviet Air Forces.

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Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (commonly known as the Rio Treaty, the Rio Pact, the Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, or by the Spanish-language acronym TIAR from Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Recíproca) is an intergovernmental collective security agreement signed in 1947 in Rio de Janeiro among many countries of the Americas. Cuban Missile Crisis and inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance are Cuba–United States relations.

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Interceptor aircraft

An interceptor aircraft, or simply interceptor, is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically for the defensive interception role against an attacking enemy aircraft, particularly bombers and reconnaissance aircraft.

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Intercontinental ballistic missile

An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than, primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).

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Intermediate-range ballistic missile

An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km (1,864–3,418 miles), between a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) and an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).

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International law

International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards that states and other actors feel an obligation to obey in their mutual relations and generally do obey.

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Issa Pliyev

Issa Alexandrovich Pliyev (also spelled as Pliev; Плиты Алыксандры фырт Иссæ; Исса́ Алекса́ндрович Пли́ев; — 6 February 1979) was a Soviet military commander.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Jack J. Catton

General Jack Joseph Catton (February 5, 1920 – December 4, 1990) was a United States Air Force four-star general and was commander of the Air Force Logistics Command with headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and of the Military Airlift Command.

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John A. McCone

John Alexander McCone (January 4, 1902 – February 14, 1991) was an American businessman and politician who served as Director of Central Intelligence from 1961 to 1965, during the height of the Cold War.

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John A. Scali

John Alfred Scali (April 27, 1918 – October 9, 1995) was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1973 to 1975.

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John Diefenbaker

John George Diefenbaker (September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was a Canadian politician who served as the 13th prime minister of Canada, from 1957 to 1963.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.

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John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and museum of John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963), the 35th president of the United States (1961–1963).

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Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the United States Department of Defense, which advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters.

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José Antonio Mora

José Antonio Mora Otero (22 November 1897 – 26 January 1975) was a Uruguayan lawyer and diplomat.

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Journal of Cold War Studies

The Journal of Cold War Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal on the history of the Cold War.

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Kenneth Keating

Kenneth Barnard Keating (May 18, 1900 – May 5, 1975) was an American politician, diplomat, and judge who served as a United States Senator representing New York from 1959 until 1965.

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KGB

The Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (KGB)) was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991. Cuban Missile Crisis and KGB are cold War history of the Soviet Union.

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Khrushchev: The Man and His Era

Khrushchev: The Man and His Era is a 2003 biography of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Cuban Missile Crisis and Khrushchev: The Man and His Era are Nikita Khrushchev.

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Konrad Adenauer

Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963.

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Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin (Moskovskiy Kreml'), or simply the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia.

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Le Figaro

() is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826.

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Le Monde

Le Monde (The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Leninsky Komsomol-class cargo ship

The Leninsky Komsomol class (also transliterated as Leninskiy Komsomol or Leninskij Komsomol (Russian: Ленинский Комсомол класс) is a class of 25 ocean-going dry cargo ships, tweendeckers with turbine main engines, built between 1959 and 1968 in the Soviet Union under the designations Projects 567 and 567K. Cuban Missile Crisis and Leninsky Komsomol-class cargo ship are Cuba–Soviet Union relations.

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Leon Uris

Leon Marcus Uris (August 3, 1924 – June 21, 2003) was an American author of historical fiction who wrote many bestselling books, including Exodus (published in 1958) and Trinity (published in 1976).

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LGM-30 Minuteman

The LGM-30 Minuteman is an American land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in service with the Air Force Global Strike Command.

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List of ambassadors of Russia to the United States

The Russian ambassador to the United States is the official representative of the president of the Russian Federation and the Russian government to the president of the United States and the United States government.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations

The United States ambassador to the United Nations is the leader of the U.S. delegation, the U.S. Mission to the United Nations.

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Llewellyn Thompson

Llewellyn E. "Tommy" Thompson Jr. (August 24, 1904 – February 6, 1972) was an American diplomat.

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Lockheed U-2

The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed "Dragon Lady", is an American single-engine, high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated from the 1950s by the United States Air Force (USAF) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

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London Review of Books

The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British literary magazine published bimonthly (twice a month) that features articles and essays on fiction and non-fiction subjects, which are usually structured as book reviews.

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Mad Men

Mad Men is an American period drama television series created by Matthew Weiner and produced by Lionsgate Television.

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Marshal of the Soviet Union

Marshal of the Soviet Union (Marshal sovetskogo soyuza) was the second-highest military rank of the Soviet Union.

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Martin J. Sherwin

Martin Jay Sherwin (July 2, 1937October 6, 2021) was an American historian.

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Matinee (1993 film)

Matinee is a 1993 American comedy film directed by Joe Dante.

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Matvei Zakharov

Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov (Матве́й Васи́льевич Заха́ров; August 17, 1898 – January 31, 1972) was Marshal of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff, and Deputy Defense Minister.

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Maxwell D. Taylor

Maxwell Davenport Taylor (August 26, 1901 – April 19, 1987) was a senior United States Army officer and diplomat of the mid-20th century.

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McCoy Air Force Base

McCoy AFB (1940–1947, 1951–1975) is a former U.S. Air Force installation located 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Orlando, Florida.

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McGeorge Bundy

McGeorge "Mac" Bundy (March 30, 1919 – September 16, 1996) was an American academic who served as the U.S. National Security Advisor to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 through 1966.

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Medium-range ballistic missile

A medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) is a type of ballistic missile with medium range, this last classification depending on the standards of certain organizations.

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MGM-13 Mace

The Martin Mace was a ground-launched cruise missile developed from the earlier Martin TM-61 Matador.

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MI6

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence on foreign nationals in support of its Five Eyes partners.

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Miami

Miami, officially the City of Miami, is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida.

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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21

The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union.

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Military Air Transport Service

The Military Air Transport Service (MATS) is an inactive Department of Defense Unified Command.

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Military dictatorship

A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which power is held by one or more military officers.

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Miller Center of Public Affairs

The Miller Center is a nonpartisan affiliate of the University of Virginia that specializes in United States presidential scholarship, public policy, and political history.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Министерство иностранныхдел СССР) was founded on 6 July 1923.

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Missile defense

Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles.

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Missile gap

In the United States, during the Cold War, the missile gap was the perceived superiority of the number and power of the USSR's missiles in comparison with those of the U.S., causing a lack of military parity.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Morning Star (British newspaper)

The Morning Star is a left-wing British daily newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues.

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Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

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Moscow–Washington hotline

The Moscow–Washington hotline (formally known in the United States as the Washington–Moscow Direct Communications Link; r) is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation (formerly the Soviet Union). Cuban Missile Crisis and Moscow–Washington hotline are cold War history of the Soviet Union, cold War history of the United States and presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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Mutual assured destruction

Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy which posits that a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by an attacker on a nuclear-armed defender with second-strike capabilities would result in the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

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Myasishchev M-4

The Myasishchev M-4 Molot (Молот (Hammer), USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 37", ASCC reporting name Bison) was a four-engined strategic bomber designed by Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev and manufactured by the Soviet Union in the 1950s to provide a Long Range Aviation bomber capable of attacking targets in North America.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is a combat support agency within the United States Department of Defense whose primary mission is collecting, analyzing, and distributing geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) in support of national security.

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National Intelligence Estimate

National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) are United States federal government documents that are the authoritative assessment of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) on intelligence related to a particular national security issue.

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National Security Archive

The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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Naval Air Station DeLand

Naval Air Station DeLand was a United States Naval Air Station located in DeLand, Florida from 1942 to 1946.

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Naval boarding

Naval boarding action is an offensive tactic used in naval warfare to come up against (or alongside) an enemy watercraft and attack by inserting combatants aboard that vessel.

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Naval War College Review

The Naval War College Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the United States Navy's Naval War College.

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New York University Press

New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964.

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No first use

In nuclear ethics and deterrence theory, no first use (NFU) refers to a type of pledge or policy wherein a nuclear power formally refrains from the use of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in warfare, except for as a second strike in retaliation to an attack by an enemy power using WMD.

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Norman Cousins

Norman Cousins (June 24, 1915 – November 30, 1990) was an American political journalist, author, professor, and world peace advocate.

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Norwegian rocket incident

The Norwegian rocket incident, also known as the Black Brant scare, occurred on January 25, 1995 when a team of Norwegian and American scientists launched a Black Brant XII four-stage sounding rocket from the Andøya Rocket Range off the northwestern coast of Norway.

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NPR

National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.

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Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF) is a non-profit, non-partisan international education and advocacy organization.

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Nuclear artillery

Nuclear artillery is a subset of limited-yield tactical nuclear weapons, in particular those weapons that are launched from the ground at battlefield targets.

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Nuclear close calls

A nuclear close call is an incident that might have led to at least one unintended nuclear detonation or explosion, but did not.

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Nuclear disarmament

Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons.

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Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei, usually deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes), combine to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).

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Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, several senior Russian politicians, including president Vladimir Putin, former president and prime minister Dmitry Medvedev, and foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, have made a number of statements widely seen as nuclear blackmail.

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Nuclear torpedo

A nuclear torpedo is a torpedo armed with a nuclear warhead.

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Nuclear warfare

Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry.

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Nuclear weapons delivery

Nuclear weapons delivery is the technology and systems used to place a nuclear weapon at the position of detonation, on or near its target.

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Office of the Historian

The Office of the Historian is an office of the United States Department of State within the Foreign Service Institute.

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Oleg Penkovsky

Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky (Олег Владимирович Пеньковский; 23 April 1919 – 16 May 1963), codenamed Hero (by the CIA) and Yoga (by MI6) was a Soviet military intelligence (GRU) colonel during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

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Operation Anadyr

Operation Anadyr (Анадырь) was the code name used by the Soviet Union for its Cold War secret operation in 1962 of deploying ballistic missiles, medium-range bombers, and a division of mechanized infantry to Cuba to create an army group that would be able to prevent an invasion of the island by United States forces. Cuban Missile Crisis and operation Anadyr are 1962 establishments in Cuba, 1962 in Cuba, 1962 in the Soviet Union, cold War history of the United States, cold War military history of Cuba and Cuba–Soviet Union relations.

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Operation Mongoose

The Cuban Project, also known as Operation Mongoose, was an extensive campaign of terrorist attacks against civilians, and covert operations, carried out by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis and operation Mongoose are 1962 in Cuba, Cuba–United States relations and presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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Operation Ortsac

Operation Ortsac was the code name for a possible invasion of Cuba planned by the United States military in 1962. Cuban Missile Crisis and Operation Ortsac are Cuba–United States relations.

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Organization of American States

The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; Organización de los Estados Americanos; Organização dos Estados Americanos; Organisation des États américains) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas.

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Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado

Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado (17 April 1919 – 23 June 1983) was a Cuban politician who served as the president of Cuba from 1959 to 1976. Cuban Missile Crisis and Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado are 1960s in Cuba.

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Oval Office

The Oval Office is the formal working space of the president of the United States.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Palgrave Macmillan

Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.

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Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), formally known as the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground. Cuban Missile Crisis and Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty are presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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Pathet Lao

The Pathet Lao (translation), officially the Lao People's Liberation Army, was a communist political movement and organization in Laos, formed in the mid-20th century.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

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Peaceful coexistence

Peaceful coexistence (translit) was a theory, developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War in the context of primarily Marxist–Leninist foreign policy and adopted by Soviet-allied socialist states, according to which the Socialist Bloc could peacefully coexist with the capitalist bloc (i.e., U.S.-allied states). Cuban Missile Crisis and peaceful coexistence are Nikita Khrushchev.

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People's Daily

The People's Daily is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

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PGM-19 Jupiter

The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear armed, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF).

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Pinar del Río Province

The Pinar del Río Province is one of the 15 provinces of Cuba.

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Plesetsk Cosmodrome

Plesetsk Cosmodrome (p) is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk.

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Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (abbreviated), or Politburo (p) was the highest political body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and de facto a collective presidency of the USSR.

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Pope John XXIII

Pope John XXIII (Ioannes XXIII; Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963.

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Presidency of John F. Kennedy

John F. Kennedy's tenure as the 35th president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 1961, and ended with his assassination on November 22, 1963. Cuban Missile Crisis and Presidency of John F. Kennedy are 1960s in the United States and cold War history of the United States.

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R-12 Dvina

The R-12 Dvina was a theatre ballistic missile developed and deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

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R-14 Chusovaya

The R-14 Chusovaya (Р-14 Чусовая, named for the Chusovaya river) was a single stage Intermediate-range ballistic missile developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

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R-16 (missile)

The R-16 was the first successful intercontinental ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union.

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R-7 Semyorka

The R-7 Semyorka (Р-7 Семёрка), officially the GRAU index 8K71, was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile.

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R-7A Semyorka

The R-7A Semyorka, GRAU index 8K74, was an early Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile derived from the earlier R-7 Semyorka.

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Raúl Castro

Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz (born 3 June 1931) is a Cuban retired politician and general who served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the one-party communist state, from 2011 to 2021, and President of Cuba between 2008 and 2018, succeeding his brother Fidel Castro.

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Radio Moscow

Radio Moscow (r), also known as Radio Moscow World Service, was the official international broadcasting station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics until 1993, when it was reorganized into Voice of Russia, which was subsequently reorganized and renamed into Radio Sputnik in 2014.

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RAI

i, commercially styled as i since 2000 and known until 1954 as i, is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance.

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Raymond Aron

Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron (14 March 1905 – 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, historian and journalist, one of France's most prominent thinkers of the 20th century.

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Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces

The reserve components of the United States Armed Forces are military organizations whose members generally perform a minimum of 39 days of military duty per year and who augment the active duty (or full-time) military when necessary.

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Resident spy

A resident spy in the world of espionage is an agent operating within a foreign country for extended periods of time.

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Richard M. Bissell Jr.

Richard Mervin Bissell Jr. (September 18, 1909 – February 7, 1994) was an American Central Intelligence Agency officer responsible for major projects such as the U-2 spy plane and the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

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Richard S. Heyser

Richard S. Heyser (3 April 1927 – 6 October 2008), Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (Retired), was a pilot in the United States Air Force whose photographs while flying the Lockheed U-2 revealed Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba, precipitating the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962.

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Robert F. Kennedy

Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK, was an American politician and lawyer.

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Robert McNamara

Robert Strange McNamara (June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American businessman and government official who served as the eighth United States secretary of defense from 1961 to 1968 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson at the height of the Cold War.

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Rocket artillery

Rocket artillery is artillery that uses rockets as the projectile.

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Rodion Malinovsky

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (Родио́н Я́ковлевич Малино́вский, Rodion Yakovych Malynovskyi; – 31 March 1967) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Roswell Gilpatric

Roswell Leavitt Gilpatric (November 4, 1906 – March 15, 1996) was a New York City corporate attorney and government official who served as Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1961–64, when he played a pivotal role in the high-stake strategies of the Cuban Missile Crisis, advising President John F.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Rudolf Anderson

Rudolf Anderson Jr. (September 15, 1927 – October 27, 1962) was an American Air Force major and pilot.

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Russian Academy of Sciences

The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.

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Russian Far East

The Russian Far East (p) is a region in North Asia.

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Russian military deception

Russian military deception, sometimes known as maskirovka (lit), is a military doctrine developed from the start of the 20th century. Cuban Missile Crisis and Russian military deception are cold War history of the Soviet Union.

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S-75 Dvina

The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system.

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Sabotage

Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization, destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction.

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Sakhalin

Sakhalin (p) is an island in Northeast Asia.

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San Cristóbal, Cuba

San Cristóbal is a municipality and city which since 2011 has been included in Artemisa Province of Cuba.

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Secrets of the Dead

Secrets of the Dead, produced by WNET 13 New York, is an ongoing PBS television series which began in 2000.

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Security Studies (journal)

Security Studies is a peer-reviewed quarterly academic journal covering international relations published by Routledge that was established in 1991.

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Sergei Khrushchev

Sergei Nikitich Khrushchev (Сергей Никитич Хрущёв; 2 July 1935 – 18 June 2020) was a Soviet-born American engineer and the second son of the Cold War-era Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev with his wife Nina Petrovna Khrushcheva.

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Sergey Biryuzov

Sergey Semyonovich Biryuzov (21 August 1904 – 19 October 1964) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and Chief of the General Staff.

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Serhii Plokhy

Serhii Mykolayovych Plokhy (Сергій Миколайович Плохій; born 23 May 1957) is the Mykhailo Hrushevsky professor of Ukrainian history at Harvard University, where he also serves as the director of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.

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Seymour Hersh

Seymour Myron "Sy" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and political writer.

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Seymour Melman

Seymour Melman (December 30, 1917 – December 16, 2004) was an American professor emeritus of industrial engineering and operations research at Columbia University's Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science.

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Sino-Soviet split

The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. Cuban Missile Crisis and Sino-Soviet split are Nikita Khrushchev.

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Situation Room

The Situation Room is an intelligence management complex on the ground floor of the West Wing of the White House.

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SM-65 Atlas

The SM-65 Atlas was the first operational intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed by the United States and the first member of the Atlas rocket family.

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South Carolina

South Carolina is a state in the coastal Southeastern region of the United States.

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Soviet Navy

The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces.

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Soviet submarine B-59

Soviet submarine B-59 (Б-59) was a Project 641 or Foxtrot-class diesel-electric submarine of the Soviet Navy.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Special Activities Center

The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert and paramilitary operations.

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SS Ben H. Miller

SS Ben H. Miller was a British merchant ship of World War II.

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SSM-N-8 Regulus

The SSM-N-8A Regulus or the Regulus I was a United States Navy-developed ship-and-submarine-launched, nuclear-capable turbojet-powered second generation cruise missile, deployed from 1955 to 1964.

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St. Martin's Press

St.

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Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Strategic Air Command

Strategic Air Command (SAC) was a United States Department of Defense Specified Command and a United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command responsible for command and control of the strategic bomber and intercontinental ballistic missile components of the United States military's strategic nuclear forces from 1946 to 1992.

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Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956. Cuban Missile Crisis and Suez Crisis are cold War conflicts.

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Supreme Allied Commander Europe

The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) and head of ACO's headquarters, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE).

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Surface-to-air missile

A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy aircraft or other missiles.

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Tactical Air Command

Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.

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Tanker (ship)

A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.

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TASS

The Russian News Agency TASS, or simply TASS, is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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Ted Sorensen

Theodore Chaikin Sorensen (May 8, 1928 – October 31, 2010) was an American lawyer, writer, and presidential adviser.

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Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe, also known locally as the Globe, is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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The Courier (2020 film)

The Courier is a 2020 historical spy film directed by Dominic Cooke and written by Tom O'Connor.

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The Fog of War

The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara is a 2003 American documentary film about the life and times of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, illustrating his observations of the nature of modern warfare.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Kennedys (miniseries)

The Kennedys is a television miniseries chronicling the lives of the famous political Kennedy family, including key triumphs and tragedies it has experienced.

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The Missiles of October

The Missiles of October is a 1974 docudrama made-for-television play about the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962.

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The New York Review of Books

The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Third World Quarterly

Third World Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal managed by Global South Ltd and published by Taylor & Francis.

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Thirteen Days (book)

Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis is Robert F. Kennedy's account of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.

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Thirteen Days (film)

Thirteen Days is a 2000 American historical political thriller film directed by Roger Donaldson.

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Thomas Powers

Thomas Powers (born December 12, 1940, in New York City) is an American author and intelligence expert.

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Timothy Naftali

Timothy Naftali (born January 31, 1962) is a Canadian American historian who is clinical associate professor of public service at New York University.

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TNT equivalent

TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.

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Tom Clancy

Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 – October 1, 2013) was an American novelist.

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Topaz (1969 film)

Topaz is a 1969 American espionage thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

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Topaz (novel)

Topaz is a Cold War suspense novel by Leon Uris, published in 1967 by McGraw-Hill.

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Tupolev Tu-16

The Tupolev Tu-16 (USAF/DOD reporting name Type 39; NATO reporting name: Badger) is a twin-engined jet strategic heavy bomber used by the Soviet Union.

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Tupolev Tu-22

The Tupolev Tu-22 (Air Standardization Coordinating Committee name: Blinder) was the first supersonic bomber to enter production in the Soviet Union.

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Tupolev Tu-95

The Tupolev Tu-95 (Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: "Bear") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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U Thant

Thant (22 January 1909 – 25 November 1974), known honorifically as U Thant, was a Burmese diplomat and the third secretary-general of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971, the first non-Scandinavian to hold the position.

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UGM-27 Polaris

The UGM-27 Polaris missile was a two-stage solid-fueled nuclear-armed submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM).

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Air Force

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States.

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United States Armed Forces

The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States.

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United States Attorney General

The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States.

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United States Department of Justice

The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United States.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.

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United States embargo against Cuba

The United States embargo against Cuba prevents US businesses, and businesses organized under US law or majority-owned by US citizens, from conducting trade with Cuban interests. Cuban Missile Crisis and United States embargo against Cuba are aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, cold War history of Cuba, cold War history of the United States and Cuba–United States relations.

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United States National Security Council

The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters.

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United States Naval Institute

The United States Naval Institute (USNI) is a private non-profit military association that offers independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national security issues.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress.

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United States Sixth Fleet

The Sixth Fleet is a numbered fleet of the United States Navy operating as part of United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa.

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United States Under Secretary of State

Under Secretary of State (U/S) is a title used by senior officials of the United States Department of State who rank above the Assistant Secretaries and below the Deputy Secretary.

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University of North Carolina Press

The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a not-for-profit university press associated with the University of North Carolina.

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University of Virginia

The University of Virginia (UVA) is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

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Ur (novella)

Ur is a novella by Stephen King.

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USS Randolph (CV-15)

USS Randolph (CV/CVA/CVS-15) was one of 24 s built during World War II for the United States Navy.

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Valerian Zorin

Valerian Aleksandrovich Zorin (Валериан Александрович Зорин; 14 January 1902 – 14 January 1986) was a Soviet diplomat best remembered for his famous confrontation with Adlai Stevenson on 25 October 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

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Vasily Arkhipov

Vasily Aleksandrovich Arkhipov (p, 30 January 1926 – 19 August 1998) was a senior Soviet Naval officer who prevented a Russian submarine from launching nuclear torpedoes against ships of the United States Navy at a crucial moment in the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Cuban Missile Crisis and Vietnam War are cold War conflicts and presidency of John F. Kennedy.

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Vought F-8 Crusader

The Vought F-8 Crusader (originally F8U) is a single-engine, supersonic, carrier-based air superiority jet aircraft designed and produced by the American aircraft manufacturer Vought.

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Walter Lippmann

Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 – December 14, 1974) was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator.

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Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Weatherhead Center for International Affairs

The Weatherhead Center for International Affairs (WCFIA), formerly Center for International Affairs (CFIA) is a research center for international affairs and the largest international research center within Harvard University’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

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West Berlin

West Berlin (Berlin (West) or West-Berlin) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States.

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Wiley-Blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.

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Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (WWICS) or Wilson Center is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank named for former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Wrangel Island

Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya,; translit, IPA:, "island of polar bears") is an island of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.

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X-Men: First Class

X-Men: First Class (stylized on-screen as X: First Class) is a 2011 superhero film based on the X-Men characters appearing in Marvel Comics.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

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1960 U-2 incident

On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while conducting photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory. Cuban Missile Crisis and 1960 U-2 incident are cold War conflicts.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis

Also known as 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 missile crisis, Black Saturday (Cuban Missile Crisis), Caribbean Crisis, Crisis de Octubre, Cuba Crisis, Cuba Missile Crisis, Cuban Crisis, Cuban Missile, Cuban Missle Crisis, Cuban Quarantine, Karibskiy krizis, Missile Crisis, Missile Scare, Naval quarantine of Cuba, October Crisis of 1962, The cuban missile crisis, Turkish missile crisis, United States naval quarantine of Cuba, Карибский кризис.

, Bucharest, Call of Duty: Black Ops, Casus belli, Cemal Gürsel, Central Intelligence Agency, Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago, Chancellor, Charles de Gaulle, Che Guevara, Chester B. Bowles, Chief of Naval Operations, China, Chukotsky District, Clare Boothe Luce, Cleveland Park, Cold War, Columbia University Press, Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, Communism, Communist Party of Cuba, Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution, Contiguous United States, Convair B-58 Hustler, Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, CORONA (satellite), Cuba, Cuban exile, Cuban Revolution, Cuban thaw, Curtis LeMay, Daniel Ellsberg, David A. Burchinal, De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Deadline Hollywood, Dean Rusk, DEFCON, Defense Intelligence Agency, Denial and deception, Depth charge, Deputy Director of CIA for Operations, Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union, Destroyer, Diplomatic History (journal), Double agent, Dr. Strangelove, Dwight D. 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Truman, Harvard University, Heavy cruiser, HGM-25A Titan I, History Channel, Ilyushin Il-28, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, Interceptor aircraft, Intercontinental ballistic missile, Intermediate-range ballistic missile, International law, Issa Pliyev, Italy, Jack J. Catton, John A. McCone, John A. Scali, John Diefenbaker, John F. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Joint Chiefs of Staff, José Antonio Mora, Journal of Cold War Studies, Kenneth Keating, KGB, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, Konrad Adenauer, Kremlin, Le Figaro, Le Monde, Lebanon, Leninsky Komsomol-class cargo ship, Leon Uris, LGM-30 Minuteman, List of ambassadors of Russia to the United States, List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations, Llewellyn Thompson, Lockheed U-2, London Review of Books, Mad Men, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Martin J. Sherwin, Matinee (1993 film), Matvei Zakharov, Maxwell D. Taylor, McCoy Air Force Base, McGeorge Bundy, Medium-range ballistic missile, MGM-13 Mace, MI6, Miami, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, Military Air Transport Service, Military dictatorship, Miller Center of Public Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Missile defense, Missile gap, MIT Press, Morning Star (British newspaper), Moscow, Moscow–Washington hotline, Mutual assured destruction, Myasishchev M-4, NASA, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Intelligence Estimate, National Security Archive, NATO, Naval Air Station DeLand, Naval boarding, Naval War College Review, New York University Press, Nikita Khrushchev, No first use, Norman Cousins, Norwegian rocket incident, NPR, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, Nuclear artillery, Nuclear close calls, Nuclear disarmament, Nuclear fusion, Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Nuclear torpedo, Nuclear warfare, Nuclear weapons delivery, Office of the Historian, Oleg Penkovsky, Operation Anadyr, Operation Mongoose, Operation Ortsac, Organization of American States, Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, Oval Office, Oxford University Press, Palgrave Macmillan, Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Pathet Lao, PBS, Peaceful coexistence, People's Daily, PGM-19 Jupiter, Pinar del Río Province, Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Pope John XXIII, Presidency of John F. Kennedy, R-12 Dvina, R-14 Chusovaya, R-16 (missile), R-7 Semyorka, R-7A Semyorka, Raúl Castro, Radio Moscow, RAI, Raymond Aron, Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces, Resident spy, Richard M. Bissell Jr., Richard S. Heyser, Robert F. Kennedy, Robert McNamara, Rocket artillery, Rodion Malinovsky, Roswell Gilpatric, Routledge, Rudolf Anderson, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Far East, Russian military deception, S-75 Dvina, Sabotage, Sakhalin, San Cristóbal, Cuba, Secrets of the Dead, Security Studies (journal), Sergei Khrushchev, Sergey Biryuzov, Serhii Plokhy, Seymour Hersh, Seymour Melman, Sino-Soviet split, Situation Room, SM-65 Atlas, South Carolina, Soviet Navy, Soviet submarine B-59, Soviet Union, Special Activities Center, SS Ben H. Miller, SSM-N-8 Regulus, St. Martin's Press, Stanford University Press, Strategic Air Command, Suez Crisis, Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Surface-to-air missile, Tactical Air Command, Tanker (ship), TASS, Taylor & Francis, Ted Sorensen, Terrorism, The Boston Globe, The Courier (2020 film), The Fog of War, The Guardian, The Kennedys (miniseries), The Missiles of October, The New York Review of Books, The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Washington Post, Third World Quarterly, Thirteen Days (book), Thirteen Days (film), Thomas Powers, Timothy Naftali, TNT equivalent, Tom Clancy, Topaz (1969 film), Topaz (novel), Tupolev Tu-16, Tupolev Tu-22, Tupolev Tu-95, Turkey, U Thant, UGM-27 Polaris, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, United States, United States Air Force, United States Armed Forces, United States Attorney General, United States Department of Justice, United States Department of State, United States embargo against Cuba, United States National Security Council, United States Naval Institute, United States Senate, United States Sixth Fleet, United States Under Secretary of State, University of North Carolina Press, University of Virginia, Ur (novella), USS Randolph (CV-15), Valerian Zorin, Vasily Arkhipov, Vietnam War, Vought F-8 Crusader, Walter Lippmann, Warsaw Pact, Washington, D.C., Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, West Berlin, West Germany, White House, Wiley-Blackwell, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, World War II, Wrangel Island, X-Men: First Class, Yale University Press, 1960 U-2 incident.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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