Communication

690 relations: Abraham Lincoln, Accademia degli Arcadi, Adolf Hitler, Agostino di Duccio, Albanian language, Alberto Moravia, Alberto Ongaro, Alcide De Gasperi, Alessandro Manzoni, Alessandro Scarlatti, Alessandro Volta, Alexandre Dumas, Alfa Romeo, Ambrosio Film, Amedeo Avogadro, Amedeo Modigliani, Amelita Galli-Curci, Americas, Amerigo Vespucci, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Near East, Ancient Rome, Andrea Bocelli, Andrea del Sarto, Andrea del Verrocchio, Andrea Doria, Andrea Gabrieli, Andrea Mantegna, Andrea Palladio, Andrea Pisano, Annibale Carracci, Anselm of Canterbury, Antonio Canova, Antonio da Correggio, Antonio del Pollaiolo, Antonio Gramsci, Antonio Meucci, Antonio Rossellino, Antonio Salieri, Antonio Stradivari, Antonio Vivaldi, Apollo of Veii, Apple, Arcangelo Corelli, Armani, Ars Magna (Gerolamo Cardano), Art, Art of Europe, Arte Povera, ..., Artichoke, Arturo Toscanini, Augustus, Augustus of Prima Porta, Baldassare Castiglione, Ballet, Bank, Barbaresco, Barbera, Bargello, Barolo, Baroque, Barrel, Bartolomeo Cristofori, Basketball, BBPR, Bel canto, Bell pepper, Benedetto Croce, Benedict of Nursia, Benetton Group, Beniamino Gigli, Benito Mussolini, Benvenuto Cellini, Bernardino Telesio, Bernardo Bertolucci, Bernardo Morando, Bernardo Rossellino, Bertel Thorvaldsen, Bible, Bicerin, Biennale, Bilbolbul, Bob Kahn, Bocconi University, Bolognese sauce, Bonaventura Cavalieri, Bottling line, Boxing, Brunello di Montalcino, Bruno Munari, Brutalist architecture, Buddhism, Bulgari, Caligula, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Camillo Golgi, Canale 5, Canaletto, Cannoli, Canovaccio, Capitoline Museums, Cappuccino, Caravaggio, Cardinal Mazarin, Caricature, Carl Barks, Carlo Gesualdo, Carlo Goldoni, Carlo Sforza, Carnival of Venice, Carolingian art, Cassata, Catalan language, Catholic Church, Catullus, Celts, Cesare Beccaria, Cesare Borgia, Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Cheese, Cheesecake, Chianti, Christopher Columbus, Church Fathers, Cicero, Cimabue, CINECA, Civil society, Claudio Abbado, Claudio Monteverdi, Colomba di Pasqua, Columbian Exchange, Commedia dell'arte, Concerto, Constantine the Great, Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constitution of Italy, Cooper (profession), Corrado Giaquinto, Corriere dei Piccoli, Corriere della Sera, Corsican language, Corvina, Cosimo de' Medici, Council of Europe, Croatian language, Crucifix, Culture, Culture of ancient Rome, Daniel Bovet, Dante Alighieri, Dario Fo, Desiderio da Settignano, Diploma, Disney comics, Divine Comedy, Dolce & Gabbana, Dolcetto, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Domenico Scarlatti, Dominion of Newfoundland, Don Rosa, Donald Duck in comics, Donald Duck universe, Donatello, Donato Bramante, Duccio, Dylan Dog, Easter egg, Eastern Orthodox Church, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Ellen Moers, Encyclopædia Britannica, England, English Channel, Enrico Berlinguer, Enrico Caruso, Enrico Castellani, Enrico Fermi, Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Espresso, Ethnologue, Etruscan civilization, Ettore Majorana, Ettore Sottsass, Eugenio Montale, EUR, Rome, Euripides, European integration, European Spatial Development Planning, European Union, Evangelista Torricelli, Ezio Pinza, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Famiglia Cristiana, Fascism, Fashion capital, Fastweb (telecommunications company), Federico Fellini, Federico Zuccari, Fendi, Ferrari, Ferruccio Busoni, Festival della Scienza, Fiber to the x, Fibonacci, Fiera Milano, Filippo Brunelleschi, Filippo Juvarra, Filippo Lippi, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Financial Times, Florence, Florence Cathedral, Floyd Gottfredson, Forbes, Fra Angelico, Fra Carnevale, France at the Olympics, Francesco Borromini, Francesco Guardi, Francesco Guicciardini, Francesco Landini, Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Francesco Primaticcio, Francis of Assisi, Franco Zeffirelli, Franco-Provençal language, Frank Capra, Fresco, Friulian language, Futurism, Futurist, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Gaetano Donizetti, Gaetano Mosca, Galileo Galilei, Gallo-Italic languages, Gaspare Spontini, Gasparo da Salò, Gelato, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Genoa, Gente (magazine), George Sand, German language, Germany at the Olympics, Gerolamo Cardano, Giacomo Carissimi, Giacomo da Lentini, Giacomo Leopardi, Giacomo Puccini, Giambattista Marino, Giambattista Vico, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Gian Luigi Bonelli, Giancarlo De Carlo, Gina Lollobrigida, Gio Ponti, Gioachino Rossini, Giordano Bruno, Giorgio Cavazzano, Giorgio de Chirico, Giorgio Morandi, Giorgio Vasari, Giorgione, Giotto, Giovan Battista Carpi, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Giovanni Bellini, Giovanni Boccaccio, Giovanni da Verrazzano, Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, Giovanni Gabrieli, Giovanni Muzio, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Giovanni Pisano, Giovanni Verga, Giro d'Italia, Girolamo Frescobaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Guarneri, Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Peano, Giuseppe Verdi, Golgi apparatus, Grain, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Grand Tour, Granita, Grazia Deledda, Great Britain at the Olympics, Greek language, Gregorian chant, Group of Eight, Gucci, Guglielmo Marconi, Guido Cavalcanti, Guido Guinizelli, Guido Martina, Guido of Arezzo, Heinrich Schütz, Henry James, High Renaissance, Hindu, Histology, Holy Roman Empire, Holy See, Horace, House of Medici, Hugo Pratt, Humanism, Ignazio Silone, Il Giornale, Il Messaggero, Il pastor fido, Il Resto del Carlino, Il Sole 24 Ore, Il Tempo, Industrial design, Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe, Intellectual, Internet protocol suite, Islam, Italia 1, Italian Fascism, Italian language, Italian National Institute of Statistics, Italian neorealism, Italian Renaissance, Italian Renaissance painting, Italian unification, Italo Calvino, Italo-Dalmatian languages, Italy, Italy national football team, Jacopo Amigoni, Jacopo della Quercia, Jacopo Sansovino, Jews, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Cabot, John Ruskin, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Julius Caesar, Jumbo (magazine), Juvenal, Kingdom of Italy, L'espresso, L'Europeo, L'Unità, La Dolce Vita, La Fenice, La Repubblica, La Scala, La Stampa, La7, Ladin language, Lamborghini, Languages of Italy, Lateran Treaty, Latin, Latin liturgy, Latte, Laura Pausini, Lazzaro Spallanzani, League of European Research Universities, Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Lettuce, Lina Wertmüller, List of buildings and structures in Florence, List of cultural icons of Italy, List of FIFA World Cup finals, List of historic states of Italy, List of Italian musical terms used in English, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of World Heritage Sites in Italy, Liturgical drama, Livy, Lombard language, Lord Byron, Lorenzo de' Medici, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Luca Cambiasi, Luca della Robbia, Luca Marenzio, Luca Signorelli, Luchino Visconti, Luciano Berio, Luciano Pavarotti, Lucio Fontana, Lucretius, Ludovico Ariosto, Luigi Cherubini, Luigi Dallapiccola, Luigi Nono, Luigi Pirandello, Luisa Tetrazzini, Luxottica, Macchiaioli, Madrigal, Magna Graecia, Maize, Major appliance, Mannerism, Marcello Malpighi, Marcello Mastroianni, Marcello Piacentini, Marco Bellocchio, Marco Polo, Marco Rota, Marcus Aurelius, Maria Montessori, Mario Faustinelli, Martin Mystère, Martin Opitz, Marzipan, Masaccio, Maserati, Masolino da Panicale, Master of Business Administration, Meat, Media franchise, Mediaset, Medici Chapel, Medieval commune, Mediterranean Universities Union, Melon, Menander, Metaphysical art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Michelangelo, Michelangelo Antonioni, Michelozzo, Mickey Mouse universe, Middle Ages, Middle school, Migration Period, Milan, Milan Furniture Fair, Mina (Italian singer), Mister No, Modern architecture, Morality, Moschino, MTV (Italy), Museo Egizio, Music school, Naples, Nation, National Archaeological Museum, Naples, National Roman Museum, National symbols of Italy, NATO, Neapolitan language, Neoclassicism, Nero, Nero d'Avola, Neuron doctrine, Niccolò dell'Abbate, Niccolò Machiavelli, Niccolò Paganini, Nicola Amati, Nicola Pisano, Northern Italy, Novecento Italiano, Occitan language, OECD, Oggi (magazine), Omelette, Opera, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Ottava rima, Ottorino Respighi, Ovid, Palazzo Pitti, Palmiro Togliatti, Pandoro, Panettone, Panna cotta, Paolo and Vittorio Taviani, Paolo Gentiloni, Paolo Sarpi, Paolo Uccello, Paolo Veronese, Papal bull, Parmigiana, Parmigiano-Reggiano, Parsley, Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities, Pasta e fagioli, Pea, Pecorino Sardo, Pellegrino Tibaldi, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Perspective (graphical), Pesto, Petrarch, Phaedra (Seneca), Philip Mazzei, Phoenicia, Piano, Pier Luigi Nervi, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Piero della Francesca, Piero Manzoni, Pietro Giannone, Pietro Longhi, Pietro Mascagni, Pietro Metastasio, Pietro Perugino, Pietro Torrigiano, Pietro Verri, Pisa, Pizza, Plautus, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Polenta, Politics of Italy, Polytechnic University of Milan, Polytechnic University of Turin, Pope Alexander VI, Pope Boniface VIII, Pope Gregory I, Potato, Prada, Pray and work, Primary school, Prince Eugene of Savoy, Propertius, Prosciutto, Protestantism, Purgatory, RAI, Rai 1, Rai 2, Rai 3, Rai Radio 1, Rai Radio 2, Rai Radio 3, Raphael, Renaissance, Renzo Piano, Requiem (Mozart), Rete 4, Riccardo Giacconi, Riccardo Muti, Risotto, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Roberto Benigni, Roberto Rossellini, Roman Empire, Roman salute, Roman Senate, Romano Scarpa, Rome, Rosso Fiorentino, Rudolph Valentino, Rugby World Cup, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Sabines, Saint Fabiola, Sallust, Salvatore Quasimodo, Samnites, San Marino, Sandro Botticelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Sarcophagus, Sardinian language, Scholasticism, Scuderia Ferrari, Sebastian Cabot (explorer), Sebastiano Serlio, Secondary school, Senate of the Republic (Italy), Sergio Leone, Sergio Mattarella, Sfumato, SGroup European Universities' Network, Sicilian language, Six Nations Championship, Slovene language, Snow cone, Solar System, Sonata, Sophia Loren, Sorbet, Southern Italy, Soviet Union at the Olympics, Spaghetti Western, Spatialism, Special education, St Mark's Basilica, St. Peter's Basilica, Stanislao Cannizzaro, Stefano di Giovanni, Stendhal, Storage of wine, Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again, Suetonius, Summer Olympic Games, Switzerland, Symphony, Teatro di San Carlo, Telecom Italia, Terza rima, Tex Willer, The arts, The Rape of the Sabine Women, The Wall Street Journal, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Jefferson, Timeline of the introduction of television in countries, Tintoretto, Tiramisu, Titian, Titta Ruffo, Tomato, Tomato sauce, Tommaso Campanella, Top-level domain, Topolino, Torquato Tasso, Torre Velasca, Tour de France, Transavantgarde, Troubadour, Turin, Tuscan dialect, TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, Uffizi, Ugo Foscolo, Umberto Boccioni, Umberto Eco, Umberto II of Italy, UNESCO, United Nations, United States at the Olympics, United States House of Representatives, University of Bologna, University of Macerata, University of Milan, University of Naples Federico II, University of Padua, University of Pisa, University of Siena, Valentino (fashion designer), Vatican Radio, Venice, Verona Arena, Versace, Via della Conciliazione, Victor Hugo, Victorian era, Vilfredo Pareto, Villa Capra "La Rotonda", Vincenzo Bellini, Vint Cerf, Violin, Virgil, Vittore Carpaccio, Vittorio Alfieri, Vittorio De Sica, Vittorio Gregotti, Vodafone, Vogue Italia, Volleyball, Vuelta a España, Vulca, Waldensians, Western culture, William Edward Hartpole Lecky, William Shakespeare, WIND (Italy), Wine, Winter Olympic Games, World Heritage site, World Trade Organization, World War I, World War II, Zagor, Zanussi, .eu, .it, 1954 in television. 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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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Accademia degli Arcadi

The Accademia degli Arcadi or Accademia dell'Arcadia, "Academy of Arcadia" or "Academy of the Arcadians", was an Italian literary academy founded in Rome in 1690.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Agostino di Duccio

Agostino di Duccio (1418 &ndash) was an early Renaissance Italian sculptor.

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Albanian language

Albanian (shqip, or gjuha shqipe) is a language of the Indo-European family, in which it occupies an independent branch.

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Alberto Moravia

Alberto Moravia (November 28, 1907 – September 26, 1990), born Alberto Pincherle, was an Italian novelist and journalist.

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Alberto Ongaro

Alberto Ongaro (22 August 1925 – 23 March 2018), also known by his pseudonym Alfredo Nogara, was an Italian journalist, writer and comics writer.

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Alcide De Gasperi

Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party.

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Alessandro Manzoni

Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni (7 March 1785 – 22 May 1873) was an Italian poet and novelist.

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Alessandro Scarlatti

Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti (2 May 1660 – 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroque composer, known especially for his operas and chamber cantatas.

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Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist, chemist, and a pioneer of electricity and power,Giuliano Pancaldi, "Volta: Science and culture in the age of enlightenment", Princeton University Press, 2003.

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Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, père ("father"), was a French writer.

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Alfa Romeo

Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is a car manufacturer, founded by Frenchman Alexandre Darracq as A.L.F.A. (" Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili", "Lombard Automobile Factory Company") on 24 June 1910, in Milan.

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Ambrosio Film

Ambrosio Film was an Italian film production and distribution company which played a leading role in Italian cinema during the silent era.

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Amedeo Avogadro

Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (9 August 17769 July 1856), was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules.

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Amedeo Modigliani

Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (12 July 1884 – 24 January 1920) was an Italian-Jewish painter and sculptor who worked mainly in France.

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Amelita Galli-Curci

Amelita Galli-Curci (18 November 1882 – 26 November 1963) was an Italian coloratura soprano.

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Americas

The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.

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Amerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer.

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).

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Ancient Near East

The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Andrea Bocelli

Andrea Bocelli, (born 22 September 1958) is an Italian singer, songwriter, and record producer.

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Andrea del Sarto

Andrea del Sarto (1486–1530) was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism.

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Andrea del Verrocchio

Andrea del Verrocchio (1435 – 1488), born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni, was an Italian painter, sculptor, and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence.

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Andrea Doria

Andrea Doria (30 November 146625 November 1560) was an Italian condottiero and admiral of the Republic of Genoa.

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Andrea Gabrieli

Andrea Gabrieli (1532/1533Bryant, Grove online – August 30, 1585) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance.

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Andrea Mantegna

Andrea Mantegna (September 13, 1506) was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

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Andrea Palladio

Andrea Palladio (30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice.

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Andrea Pisano

Andrea Pisano (Pontedera 12901348 Orvieto) also known as Andrea da Pontedera, was an Italian sculptor and architect.

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Annibale Carracci

Annibale Carracci (November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an Italian painter, active in Bologna and later in Rome.

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Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury (1033/4-1109), also called (Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and (Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was a Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.

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Antonio Canova

Antonio Canova (1 November 1757 – 13 October 1822) was an Italian Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures.

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Antonio da Correggio

Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – March 5, 1534), usually known as Correggio, was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the Italian Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the 16th century.

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Antonio del Pollaiolo

Antonio del Pollaiuolo (17 January 1429/14334 February 1498), also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiuolo, was an Italian painter, sculptor, engraver and goldsmith during the Italian Renaissance.

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Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Francesco Gramsci (22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher and politician.

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Antonio Meucci

Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi (a major political figure in the history of Italy).

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Antonio Rossellino

Antonio Gamberelli (1427–1479),Janson, H.W. (1995) History of Art.

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Antonio Salieri

Antonio Salieri (18 August 17507 May 1825) was an Italian classical composer, conductor, and teacher.

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Antonio Stradivari

Antonio Stradivari; (1644 – December 18, 1737) was an Italian luthier and a crafter of string instruments such as violins, cellos, guitars, violas and harps.

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Antonio Vivaldi

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric.

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Apollo of Veii

The Apollo of Veii is a life-size painted terracotta Etruscan statue of Apollo (Aplu), designed to be placed at the highest part of a temple.

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Apple

An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).

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Arcangelo Corelli

Arcangelo Corelli (17 February 1653 – 8 January 1713) was an Italian violinist and composer of the Baroque era.

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Armani

Giorgio Armani S.P.A. is an Italian fashion house founded by Giorgio Armani which designs, manufactures, distributes and retails haute couture, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, eyewear, cosmetics and home interiors.

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Ars Magna (Gerolamo Cardano)

The Ars Magna ("The Great Art") is an important Latin-language book on algebra written by Girolamo Cardano.

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Art

Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual idea, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.

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Art of Europe

The art of Europe, or Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe.

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Arte Povera

Arte Povera (literally poor art) is a contemporary art movement.

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Artichoke

The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: "The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke." Genet.

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Arturo Toscanini

Arturo Toscanini (March 25, 1867 – January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor.

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Augustus

Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

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Augustus of Prima Porta

Augustus of Prima Porta (Augusto di Prima Porta) is a 2.03 mHonour, H. and J. He was the first emperor Fleming, (2009) A World History of Art.

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Baldassare Castiglione

Baldassare Castiglione (December 6, 1478 – February 2, 1529),Dates of birth and death, and cause of the latter, from, Italica, Rai International online.

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Ballet

Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.

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Bank

A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.

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Barbaresco

Barbaresco is an Italian wine made with the Nebbiolo grape.

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Barbera

Barbera is a red Italian wine grape variety that, as of 2000, was the third most-planted red grape variety in Italy (after Sangiovese and Montepulciano).

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Bargello

The Bargello, also known as the Palazzo del Bargello, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, or Palazzo del Popolo (Palace of the People), is a former barracks and prison, now an art museum, in Florence, Italy.

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Barolo

Barolo is a red Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) wine produced in the northern Italian region of Piedmont.

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Baroque

The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.

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Barrel

A barrel, cask, or tun is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wooden staves bound by wooden or metal hoops.

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Bartolomeo Cristofori

Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655 – January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano.

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Basketball

Basketball is a team sport played on a rectangular court.

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BBPR

BBPR was an architectural partnership founded in Milan, Italy in 1932.

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Bel canto

Bel canto (Italian for "beautiful singing" or "beautiful song"), along with a number of similar constructions ("bellezze del canto"/"bell'arte del canto"), is a term relating to Italian singing.

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Bell pepper

The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper, pepper or capsicum) is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annuum.

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Benedetto Croce

Benedetto Croce (25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian and politician, who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography and aesthetics.

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Benedict of Nursia

Benedict of Nursia (Benedictus Nursiae; Benedetto da Norcia; Vulgar Latin: *Benedecto; Benedikt; 2 March 480 – 543 or 547 AD) is a Christian saint, who is venerated in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion and Old Catholic Churches.

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Benetton Group

Benetton Group S.r.l. (correct; often mispronounced or) is a global fashion brand based in Ponzano Veneto, Italy.

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Beniamino Gigli

Beniamino Gigli (20 March 1890 – 30 November 1957) was an Italian opera singer.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).

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Benvenuto Cellini

Benvenuto Cellini (3 November 150013 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, draftsman, soldier, musician, and artist who also wrote a famous autobiography and poetry.

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Bernardino Telesio

Bernardino Telesio (7 November 1509 – 2 October 1588) was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist.

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Bernardo Bertolucci

Bernardo Bertolucci (born 16 March 1941) is an Italian director and screenwriter, whose films include The Conformist, Last Tango in Paris, 1900, The Last Emperor (for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director), The Sheltering Sky, Stealing Beauty and The Dreamers.

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Bernardo Morando

Bernardo Morando, also known as Bernardino or Morandi (ca. 1540 - 1600) was an Italian architect from the Republic of Venice.

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Bernardo Rossellino

Bernardo di Matteo del Borra Gamberelli (1409 Settignano – 1464 Florence), better known as Bernardo Rossellino, was an Italian sculptor and architect, the elder brother of the sculptor Antonio Rossellino.

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Bertel Thorvaldsen

Bertel Thorvaldsen (19 November 1770 – 24 March 1844) was a Danish sculptor of international fame, who spent most of his life (1797–1838) in Italy.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Bicerin

Bicerin (pronounced in Piedmontese) is a traditional hot drink native to Turin, Italy, made of espresso, drinking chocolate, and whole milk served layered in a small rounded glass.

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Biennale

Biennale, Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years.

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Bilbolbul

Bilbolbul is an Italian comic strip series created by Attilio Mussino.

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Bob Kahn

Robert Elliot Kahn (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer, who, along with Vint Cerf, invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

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Bocconi University

Bocconi University (Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi) is a private university in Milan, Italy.

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Bolognese sauce

Bolognese sauce (known in Italian as ragù alla bolognese,, ragù bolognese, or simply ragù) is a meat-based sauce originating from Bologna, Italy, hence the name.

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Bonaventura Cavalieri

Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri (Cavalerius; 1598 – 30 November 1647) was an Italian mathematician and a Jesuate.

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Bottling line

Bottling lines are production lines that fill a product, generally a beverage, into bottles on a large scale.

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Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring.

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Brunello di Montalcino

Brunello di Montalcino is a red DOCG Italian wine produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino located about 80 km south of Florence in the Tuscany wine region.

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Bruno Munari

Bruno Munari (October 24, 1907, Milan – September 30, 1998, Milan) was an Italian artist, designer, and inventor who contributed fundamentals to many fields of visual arts (painting, sculpture, film, industrial design, graphic design) in modernism, futurism, and concrete art, and in non visual arts (literature, poetry) with his research on games, didactic method, movement, tactile learning, kinesthetic learning, and creativity.

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Brutalist architecture

Brutalist architecture flourished from 1951 to 1975, having descended from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Bulgari

Bulgari (stylized as BVLGARI) is an Italian jewelry and luxury goods brand that produces and markets several product lines including jewelry, watches, fragrances, accessories, and hotels.

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Caligula

Caligula (Latin: Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 31 August 12 – 24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from AD 37 to AD 41.

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Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour, was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

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Camillo Golgi

Camillo Golgi (7 July 1843 – 21 January 1926) was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system.

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Canale 5

Canale 5 (in English Channel Five) is an Italian private television network of Mediaset.

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Canaletto

Giovanni Antonio Canal (18 October 1697 – 19 April 1768), better known as Canaletto, was an Italian painter of city views or vedute, of Venice, Rome, and London.

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Cannoli

Cannoli (cannula) are Italian pastries of the Sicily region.

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Canovaccio

A canovaccio is a scenario used by commedia dell'arte players.

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Capitoline Museums

The Capitoline Museums (Italian: Musei Capitolini) are a single museum containing a group of art and archaeological museums in Piazza del Campidoglio, on top of the Capitoline Hill in Rome, Italy.

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Cappuccino

A cappuccino (Italian plural cappuccini) is an espresso-based coffee drink that originated in Italy, and is traditionally prepared with double espresso, and steamed milk foam.

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Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610.

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Cardinal Mazarin

Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin, 1st Duke of Rethel, Mayenne and Nevers (14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino or Mazarino, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician, who served as the Chief Minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death.

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Caricature

A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or through other artistic drawings.

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Carl Barks

Carl Barks (March 27, 1901 – August 25, 2000) was an American cartoonist, author, and painter.

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Carlo Gesualdo

Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa (8 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza.

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Carlo Goldoni

Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice.

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Carlo Sforza

Count Carlo Sforza (24 January 1872 – 4 September 1952) was an Italian diplomat and anti-Fascist politician.

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Carnival of Venice

The Carnival of Venice (Carnevale di Venezia) is an annual festival held in Venice, Italy.

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Carolingian art

Carolingian art comes from the Frankish Empire in the period of roughly 120 years from about 780 to 900—during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs—popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance.

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Cassata

Cassata or Cassata siciliana is a traditional sweet from Sicily, Italy.

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Catalan language

Catalan (autonym: català) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Catullus

Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84 – c. 54 BC) was a Latin poet of the late Roman Republic who wrote chiefly in the neoteric style of poetry, which is about personal life rather than classical heroes.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.

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Cesare Beccaria

Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (15 March 173828 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment.

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Cesare Borgia

Cesare Borgia (Catalan:; César Borja,; 13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507), Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal with Aragonese origin, whose fight for power was a major inspiration for The Prince by Machiavelli.

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Chamber of Deputies (Italy)

The Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei deputati) is a house of the bicameral Parliament of Italy (the other being the Senate of the Republic).

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Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

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Cheesecake

Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers.

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Chianti

A Chianti wine is any wine produced in the Chianti region, in central Tuscany, Italy.

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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer.

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Church Fathers

The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers.

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Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer and philosopher, who served as consul in the year 63 BC.

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Cimabue

Cimabue (1240 – 1302),Vasari, G. Lives of the Artists.

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CINECA

Cineca is a non-profit consortium, made up of 70 Italian universities, four national research centres, and the Ministry of Universities and Research (MIUR), and was established in 1969 in Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna.

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Civil society

Civil society is the "aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens".

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Claudio Abbado

Claudio Abbado, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor.

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Claudio Monteverdi

Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (15 May 1567 (baptized) – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, string player and choirmaster.

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Colomba di Pasqua

Colomba pasquale or colomba di Pasqua ("Easter Dove" in English) is an Italian traditional Easter cake, the counterpart of the two well-known Italian Christmas desserts, panettone and pandoro.

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Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade following Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage.

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Commedia dell'arte

(comedy of the profession) was an early form of professional theatre, originating from Italy, that was popular in Europe from the 16th through the 18th century.

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Concerto

A concerto (plural concertos, or concerti from the Italian plural) is a musical composition usually composed in three movements, in which, usually, one solo instrument (for instance, a piano, violin, cello or flute) is accompanied by an orchestra or concert band.

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Constantine the Great

Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus; Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας; 27 February 272 ADBirth dates vary but most modern historians use 272". Lenski, "Reign of Constantine" (CC), 59. – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian and Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD.

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Constituent Assembly of Italy

The Italian Constituent Assembly (Italian: Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana) was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948.

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Constitution of Italy

The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against.

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Cooper (profession)

A cooper is a person trained to make wooden barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs and other staved containers, from timber that was usually heated or steamed to make it pliable.

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Corrado Giaquinto

Corrado Giaquinto (8 February 1703 – 18 April 1766) was an Italian Rococo painter.

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Corriere dei Piccoli

The Corriere dei Piccoli (Italian for "Courier of the Little Ones"), later renamed Corriere dei Ragazzi ("Children’s Courier") and nicknamed Corrierino ("Little Courier"), was a weekly magazine for children published in Italy from 1908 to 1995.

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Corriere della Sera

The Corriere della Sera (English: Evening Courier) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Milan with an average daily circulation of 410,242 copies in December 2015.

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Corsican language

Corsican (corsu or lingua corsa) is a Romance language within the Italo-Dalmatian subfamily.

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Corvina

Corvina is an Italian wine grape variety that is sometimes also referred to as Corvina Veronese or Cruina.

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Cosimo de' Medici

Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (called 'the Elder' (Italian il Vecchio) and posthumously Father of the Fatherland (Latin pater patriae); 27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician, the first member of the Medici political dynasty that served as de facto rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance.

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Council of Europe

The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.

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Croatian language

Croatian (hrvatski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighboring countries.

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Crucifix

A crucifix (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one) fixed to a cross") is an image of Jesus on the cross, as distinct from a bare cross.

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Culture

Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.

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Culture of ancient Rome

The culture of ancient Rome existed throughout almost 1200-year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome.

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Daniel Bovet

Daniel Bovet (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) was a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist who won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of drugs that block the actions of specific neurotransmitters.

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Dante Alighieri

Durante degli Alighieri, commonly known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante (c. 1265 – 1321), was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages.

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Dario Fo

Dario Fo (24 March 1926 – 13 October 2016) was an Italian actor–playwright, comedian, singer, theatre director, stage designer, songwriter, painter, political campaigner for the Italian left-wing and the recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature.

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Desiderio da Settignano

Desiderio da Settignano, real name Desiderio de Bartolomeo di Francesco detto Ferro (1428 or 1430 – 1464) was an Italian sculptor active during the Renaissance.

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Diploma

A diploma is a certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as college or university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study.

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Disney comics

Disney comics are comic books and comic strips featuring characters created by The Walt Disney Company, including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Uncle Scrooge.

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Divine Comedy

The Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) is a long narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed in 1320, a year before his death in 1321.

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Dolce & Gabbana

Dolce & Gabbana is an Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana.

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Dolcetto

Dolcetto is a black Italian wine grape variety widely grown in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy.

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Domenico Ghirlandaio

Domenico Ghirlandaio (2 June 1448 – 11 January 1494) was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence.

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Domenico Scarlatti

Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer who spent much of his life in the service of the Portuguese and Spanish royal families.

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Dominion of Newfoundland

Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 to 1949.

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Don Rosa

Keno Don Hugo Rosa, known simply as Don Rosa (born June 29, 1951), is an American comic book writer and illustrator known for his stories about Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck, and other Disney characters.

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Donald Duck in comics

Donald Duck, a cartoon character created by the Walt Disney Company, is today the star of dozens of comic-book and comic-strip stories published each month (in certain parts of the world, each week) around the world.

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Donald Duck universe

The Donald Duck universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting of stories involving Disney cartoon character Donald Duck, as well as Daisy Duck, Huey, Dewey, and Louie, Scrooge McDuck, and many other characters.

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Donatello

Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (c. 1386 – 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence.

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Donato Bramante

Donato Bramante (1444 – 11 April 1514), born as Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio and also known as Bramante Lazzari, was an Italian architect.

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Duccio

Duccio di Buoninsegna (c. 1255–1260 – c. 1318–1319) was an Italian painter active in Siena, Tuscany, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

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Dylan Dog

Dylan Dog is an Italian horror comics series featuring an eponymous character (a paranormal investigator) created by Tiziano Sclavi.

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Easter egg

Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are decorated eggs that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett,; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime.

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Ellen Moers

Ellen Moers (1928–1978) was an American academic and literary scholar.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English Channel

The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Enrico Berlinguer

Enrico Berlinguer (15 May 1922 – 11 June 1984) was an Italian politician.

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Enrico Caruso

Enrico Caruso (25 February 1873 – 2 August 1921) was an Italian operatic tenor.

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Enrico Castellani

Enrico Castellani (August 4, 1930 – December 1, 2017) was an Italian painter associated with the zero movement and Azimuth.

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Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian-American physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1.

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Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (September 20, 1833, in Milan, Lombardy – February 10, 1918) was an Italian journalist, nationalist, revolutionary soldier and later a pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.

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Espresso

Espresso is coffee brewed by expressing or forcing out a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans.

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Ethnologue

Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.

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Etruscan civilization

The Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a powerful and wealthy civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria and northern Lazio.

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Ettore Majorana

Ettore Majorana (born on 5 August 1906 – probably died after 1959) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses.

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Ettore Sottsass

Ettore Sottsass (14 September 1917 – 31 December 2007) was an Italian architect and designer during the 20th century.

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Eugenio Montale

Eugenio Montale (12 October 1896 – 12 September 1981) was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator, and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature.

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EUR, Rome

EUR is a residential and business district in Rome, Italy, located south of the city centre.

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Euripides

Euripides (Εὐριπίδης) was a tragedian of classical Athens.

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European integration

European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe.

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European Spatial Development Planning

The European Spatial Development Planning or ESDP-Network seeks to promote education, research and professional training in spatial planning across European countries, in collaboration with many partners in other regions of the world.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Evangelista Torricelli

Evangelista Torricelli; 15 October 1608 – 25 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.

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Ezio Pinza

Ezio Pinza (born Fortunio Pinza; May 18, 1892May 9, 1957) was an Italian opera singer.

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Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called Fall of the Roman Empire or Fall of Rome) was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which it failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities.

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Famiglia Cristiana

Famiglia Cristiana (meaning The Christian family in English) is an Italian weekly magazine published in Alba, Italy.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Fashion capital

A fashion capital is a city which has a major influence on international fashion trends and in which the design, production and retailing of fashion products – plus events such as fashion weeks, awards and trade fairs – generate significant economic output.

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Fastweb (telecommunications company)

FASTWEB S.p.A. is an Italian telecommunications company that provides landline, broadband Internet and digital television services.

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Federico Fellini

Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (20 January 1920 – 31 October 1993) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.

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Federico Zuccari

Federico Zuccari, also known as Federico Zuccaro (c. 1540/1541August 6, 1609), was an Italian Mannerist painter and architect, active both in Italy and abroad.

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Fendi

Fendi is an Italian luxury fashion house producing fur, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, fragrances, eyewear, timepieces and accessories.

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Ferrari

Ferrari N.V. is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello.

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Ferruccio Busoni

Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) (given names: Ferruccio Dante Michelangiolo Benvenuto) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher.

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Festival della Scienza

The Festival della Scienza is an annual science festival held in Genoa, Italy.

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Fiber to the x

Fiber to the x (FTTX) or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications.

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Fibonacci

Fibonacci (c. 1175 – c. 1250) was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

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Fiera Milano

Fiera Milano SpA is a trade fair and exhibition organiser headquartered in Milan, Italy.

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Filippo Brunelleschi

Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor.

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Filippo Juvarra

Filippo Juvarra (7 March, 1678 – 31 January 1736) was an Italian architect and stage set designer, active in a late-Baroque style.

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Filippo Lippi

Fra' Filippo Lippi, O.Carm. (c. 1406 – 8 October 1469), also called Lippo Lippi, was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento (15th century).

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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Florence Cathedral

Florence Cathedral, formally the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (in English "Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower") is the cathedral of Florence, Italy, or Il Duomo di Firenze, in Italian.

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Floyd Gottfredson

Arthur Floyd Gottfredson (May 5, 1905 – July 22, 1986) was an American cartoonist best known for his defining work on the Mickey Mouse comic strip.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine.

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Fra Angelico

Fra Angelico (born Guido di Pietro; February 18, 1455) was an Early Italian Renaissance painter described by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent".

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Fra Carnevale

Fra Carnevale OP (c. 1420-1425 – 1484) was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento, active mainly in Urbino.

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France at the Olympics

France has competed in every modern Olympic Games, although its participation at the 1904 Games is questionable, with Albert Corey's appearance being credited by different sources to either the United States or France.

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Francesco Borromini

Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli (25 September 1599 – 2 August 1667), was an Italian architect born in today's Ticino Encyclopædia Britannica. Web.

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Francesco Guardi

Francesco Lazzaro Guardi (October 5, 1712 – January 1, 1793) was an Italian painter of veduta, nobleman, and a member of the Venetian School.

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Francesco Guicciardini

Francesco Guicciardini (6 March 1483 – 22 May 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman.

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Francesco Landini

Francesco degli Organi, Francesco il Cieco, or Francesco da Firenze, called by later generations Francesco Landini or Landino (c. 1325 or 1335 – September 2, 1397) was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet and instrument maker.

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Francesco Maria Grimaldi

Francesco Maria Grimaldi (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna.

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Francesco Primaticcio

Francesco Primaticcio (April 30, 1504 – 1570) was an Italian Mannerist painter, architect and sculptor who spent most of his career in France.

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Francis of Assisi

Saint Francis of Assisi (San Francesco d'Assisi), born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, informally named as Francesco (1181/11823 October 1226), was an Italian Catholic friar, deacon and preacher.

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Franco Zeffirelli

Franco Zeffirelli, KBE Grande Ufficiale OMRI (born 12 February 1923) is an Italian director and producer of operas, films and television.

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Franco-Provençal language

No description.

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Frank Capra

Frank Russell Capra (born Francesco Rosario Capra; May 18, 1897September 3, 1991) was a Sicilian American film director, producer and writer who became the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films of the 1930s and 1940s.

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Fresco

Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid, or wet lime plaster.

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Friulian language

Friulian or Friulan (or, affectionately, marilenghe in Friulian, friulano in Italian, Furlanisch in German, furlanščina in Slovene; also Friulian) is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy.

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Futurism

Futurism (Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century.

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Futurist

Futurists or futurologists are scientists and social scientists whose specialty is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities about the future and how they can emerge from the present, whether that of human society in particular or of life on Earth in general.

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Gabriele D'Annunzio

General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso, Duke of Gallese (12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes spelled d'Annunzio, was an Italian writer, poet, journalist, playwright and soldier during World War I. He occupied a prominent place in Italian literature from 1889 to 1910 and later political life from 1914 to 1924.

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Gaetano Donizetti

Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer.

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Gaetano Mosca

Gaetano Mosca (1 April 1858 – 8 November 1941) was an Italian political scientist, journalist and public servant.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564Drake (1978, p. 1). The date of Galileo's birth is given according to the Julian calendar, which was then in force throughout Christendom. In 1582 it was replaced in Italy and several other Catholic countries with the Gregorian calendar. Unless otherwise indicated, dates in this article are given according to the Gregorian calendar. – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath.

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Gallo-Italic languages

The Gallo-Italian, Gallo-Italic, Gallo-Cisalpine or simply Cisalpine languages constitute the majority of the Romance languages of northern Italy.

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Gaspare Spontini

Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini (14 November 177424 January 1851) was an Italian opera composer and conductor.

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Gasparo da Salò

Gasparo da Salò (May 20, 1542 - April 14, 1609) is the name given to Gasparo Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and an expert double bass player.

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Gelato

Gelato is ice cream made in the Italian style.

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas.

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Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna; English, historically, and Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

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Gente (magazine)

Gente (meaning People in English) is a popular and long-running Italian weekly current affairs and celebrity gossip magazine.

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George Sand

Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin (1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her nom de plume George Sand, was a French novelist and memoirist.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Germany at the Olympics

Athletes from Germany have taken part in most of the Olympic Games since the first modern Games in 1896.

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Gerolamo Cardano

Gerolamo (or Girolamo, or Geronimo) Cardano (Jérôme Cardan; Hieronymus Cardanus; 24 September 1501 – 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged from being a mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler.

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Giacomo Carissimi

Giacomo Carissimi (baptized 18 April 160512 January 1674) was an Italian composer and music teacher.

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Giacomo da Lentini

Giacomo da Lentini, also known as Jacopo (il) Notaro, was an Italian poet of the 13th century.

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Giacomo Leopardi

Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi (29 June 1798 – 14 June 1837) was an Italian philosopher, poet, essayist, and philologist.

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Giacomo Puccini

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called "the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi".

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Giambattista Marino

Giambattista Marino (also Giovan Battista Marini) (14 October 1569 – 26 March 1625) was an Italian poet who was born in Naples.

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Giambattista Vico

Giambattista Vico (B. Giovan Battista Vico, 23 June 1668 – 23 January 1744) was an Italian political philosopher and rhetorician, historian and jurist, of the Age of Enlightenment.

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Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (also Gianlorenzo or Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 1598 – 28 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect.

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Gian Luigi Bonelli

Giovanni Luigi Bonelli (22 December 1908 in Milan – 12 January 2001 in Alessandria) was an Italian comic book author and publisher, best remembered as the co-creator of Tex Willer in 1948, together with artist Aurelio Galleppini.

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Giancarlo De Carlo

Giancarlo De Carlo (12 December 1919 − 4 June 2005) was an Italian architect.

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Gina Lollobrigida

Luigina "Gina" Lollobrigida (born 4 July 1927) is an Italian actress, photojournalist and sculptor.

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Gio Ponti

Giovanni "Gio" Ponti (18 November 1891 – 16 September 1979) was an Italian architect, industrial designer, furniture designer, artist, and publisher.

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Gioachino Rossini

Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who wrote 39 operas as well as some sacred music, songs, chamber music, and piano pieces.

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Giordano Bruno

Giordano Bruno (Iordanus Brunus Nolanus; 1548 – 17 February 1600), born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and cosmological theorist.

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Giorgio Cavazzano

Giorgio Cavazzano (born 19 October 1947) is an Italian cartoonist, and one of the most famous Disney cartoonists in the world.

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Giorgio de Chirico

Giorgio de Chirico (10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer.

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Giorgio Morandi

Giorgio Morandi (July 20, 1890 – June 18, 1964) was an Italian painter and printmaker who specialized in still life.

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Giorgio Vasari

Giorgio Vasari (30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter, architect, writer, and historian, most famous today for his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing.

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Giorgione

Giorgione (born Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco; c. 1477/78–1510) was an Italian painter of the Venetian school in the High Renaissance from Venice, whose career was ended by his death at a little over 30.

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Giotto

Giotto di Bondone (1267 – January 8, 1337), known mononymously as Giotto and Latinised as Giottus, was an Italian painter and architect from Florence during the Late Middle Ages.

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Giovan Battista Carpi

Giovan Battista Carpi (November 16, 1927 – March 8, 1999) was an Italian comics artist.

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Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (March 5, 1696 – March 27, 1770), also known as Gianbattista or Giambattista Tiepolo, was an Italian painter and printmaker from the Republic of Venice.

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Giovanni Bellini

Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430 – 26 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters.

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Giovanni Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio (16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.

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Giovanni da Verrazzano

Giovanni da Verrazzano (sometimes also incorrectly spelled Verrazano) (1485–1528) was an Italian explorer of North America, in the service of King Francis I of France.

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Giovanni Domenico Cassini

Giovanni Domenico Cassini (8 June 1625 – 14 September 1712) was an Italian (naturalised French) mathematician, astronomer and engineer.

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Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo

Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (August 30, 1727March 3, 1804) was an Italian painter and printmaker in etching.

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Giovanni Gabrieli

Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557 – 12 August 1612) was an Italian composer and organist.

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Giovanni Muzio

Giovanni Muzio (12 February 1893 – 21 May 1982) was an Italian architect.

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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known 16th-century representative of the Roman School of musical composition.

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Giovanni Pisano

Giovanni Pisano (c. 1250 – c. 1315) was an Italian sculptor, painter and architect, who worked in the cities of Pisa, Siena and Pistoia.

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Giovanni Verga

Giovanni Carmelo Verga (2 September 1840 – 27 January 1922) was an Italian realist (Verismo) writer, best known for his depictions of life in his native Sicily, especially the short story (and later play) "Cavalleria rusticana" and the novel I Malavoglia (The House by the Medlar Tree).

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Giro d'Italia

The Giro d'Italia (Tour of Italy; also known as the Giro) is an annual multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries.

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Girolamo Frescobaldi

Girolamo Alessandro Frescobaldi (also Gerolamo, Girolimo, and Geronimo Alissandro; September, 15831 March 1643) was a musician from Ferrara, one of the most important composers of keyboard music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

Giuseppe Garibaldi; 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, politician and nationalist. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland" along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi has been called the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in Brazil, Uruguay and Europe. He personally commanded and fought in many military campaigns that led eventually to the Italian unification. Garibaldi was appointed general by the provisional government of Milan in 1848, General of the Roman Republic in 1849 by the Minister of War, and led the Expedition of the Thousand on behalf and with the consent of Victor Emmanuel II. His last military campaign took place during the Franco-Prussian War as commander of the Army of the Vosges. Garibaldi was very popular in Italy and abroad, aided by exceptional international media coverage at the time. Many of the greatest intellectuals of his time, such as Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, and George Sand, showered him with admiration. The United Kingdom and the United States helped him a great deal, offering him financial and military support in difficult circumstances. In the popular telling of his story, he is associated with the red shirts worn by his volunteers, the Garibaldini, in lieu of a uniform.

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Giuseppe Guarneri

Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri, del Gesù (21 August 1698 – 17 October 1744) was an Italian luthier from the Guarneri family of Cremona.

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Giuseppe Mazzini

Giuseppe Mazzini (22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist, activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.

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Giuseppe Peano

Giuseppe Peano (27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist.

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Giuseppe Verdi

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer.

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Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.

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Grain

A grain is a small, hard, dry seed, with or without an attached hull or fruit layer, harvested for human or animal consumption.

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Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence.

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Grand Tour

The term "Grand Tour" refers to the 17th- and 18th-century custom of a traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a chaperon, such as a family member) when they had come of age (about 21 years old).

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Granita

Granita (in Italian also granita siciliana) is a semi-frozen dessert made from sugar, water and various flavorings.

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Grazia Deledda

Grazia Maria Cosima Damiana Deledda (28 September 1871 – 15 August 1936) was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general".

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Great Britain at the Olympics

Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom (UK), all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Gregorian chant

Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Group of Eight

The G8, reformatted as G7 from 2014 due to the suspension of Russia's participation, was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014, with the participation of some major industrialized countries in the world, that viewed themselves as democracies.

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Gucci

Gucci is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods, which is owned by the French holding company Kering.

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Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi (25 April 187420 July 1937) was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system.

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Guido Cavalcanti

Guido Cavalcanti (between 1250 and 1259 – August 1300) was an Italian poet and troubadour, as well as an intellectual influence on his best friend, Dante Alighieri.

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Guido Guinizelli

Guido Guinizelli (c. 1230–1276), born in Bologna, in present-day Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, was an Italian poet and 'founder' of the Dolce Stil Novo.

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Guido Martina

Guido Martina (9 February 1906 – 6 May 1991) was an Italian comic writer, documentarist and author.

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Guido of Arezzo

Guido of Arezzo (also Guido Aretinus, Guido Aretino, Guido da Arezzo, Guido Monaco, or Guido d'Arezzo, or Guy of Arezzo also Guy d'Arezzo) (991/992 – after 1033) was an Italian music theorist of the Medieval era.

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Heinrich Schütz

Heinrich Schütz (– 6 November 1672) was a German composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century.

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Henry James

Henry James, OM (–) was an American author regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language.

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High Renaissance

In art history, the High Renaissance is the period denoting the apogee of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Histology

Histology, also microanatomy, is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals using microscopy.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Holy See

The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.

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Horace

Quintus Horatius Flaccus (December 8, 65 BC – November 27, 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian).

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House of Medici

The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century.

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Hugo Pratt

Hugo Eugenio Pratt (June 15, 1927 – August 20, 1995) was an Italian comic book creator who was known for combining strong storytelling with extensive historical research on works such as Corto Maltese.

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Humanism

Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.

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Ignazio Silone

Ignazio Silone (1 May 1900 – 22 August 1978) was the pseudonym of Secondino Tranquilli, a political leader, Italian novelist, and short-story writer, world famous during World War II for his powerful anti-Fascist novels.

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Il Giornale

il Giornale is an Italian language daily newspaper published in Milan, Italy.

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Il Messaggero

Il Messaggero is an Italian newspaper based in Rome, Italy.

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Il pastor fido

Il pastor fido (The Faithfull Shepherd in Richard Fanshawe's 1647 English translation) is a pastoral tragicomedy set in Arcadia by Giovanni Battista Guarini, first published in 1590 in Venice.

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Il Resto del Carlino

il Resto del Carlino is an Italian newspaper based in Bologna, and is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.

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Il Sole 24 Ore

Il Sole 24 Ore is an Italian national daily business newspaper owned by Confindustria, the Italian employers' federation.

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Il Tempo

Il Tempo (meaning Time in English) is a daily Italian newspaper published in Rome, Italy.

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Industrial design

Industrial design is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production.

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Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe

The Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe (UNICA) is a network of 49 universities, gathering major higher education institutions in 37 European capital cities.

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Intellectual

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems.

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Internet protocol suite

The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Italia 1

Italia 1 is an Italian commercial television channel on the Mediaset network.

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Italian Fascism

Italian Fascism (fascismo italiano), also known simply as Fascism, is the original fascist ideology as developed in Italy.

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Italian language

Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.

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Italian National Institute of Statistics

The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Italian: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica; Istat) is the main producer of official statistics in Italy.

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Italian neorealism

Italian neorealism (Neorealismo), also known as the Golden Age, is a national film movement characterized by stories set amongst the poor and the working class, filmed on location, frequently using non-professional actors.

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Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century (Trecento) and lasted until the 17th century (Seicento), marking the transition between Medieval and Modern Europe.

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Italian Renaissance painting

Italian Renaissance painting is the painting of the period beginning in the late 13th century and flourishing from the early 15th to late 16th centuries, occurring in the Italian peninsula, which was at that time divided into many political areas.

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Italian unification

Italian unification (Unità d'Italia), or the Risorgimento (meaning "the Resurgence" or "revival"), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.

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Italo Calvino

Italo Calvino (. RAI (circa 1970), retrieved 25 October 2012. 15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) was an Italian journalist and writer of short stories and novels.

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Italo-Dalmatian languages

The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages spoken in Italy, Corsica (France) and formerly in Dalmatia (Croatia).

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Italy national football team

The Italy national football team (Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) represents Italy in association football and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), the governing body for football in Italy.

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Jacopo Amigoni

Jacopo Amigoni (1682–1752), also named Giacomo Amiconi, was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period, who began his career in Venice, but traveled and was prolific throughout Europe, where his sumptuous portraits were much in demand.

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Jacopo della Quercia

Jacopo della Quercia (20 October 1438) was an Italian sculptor of the Italian Renaissance, a contemporary of Brunelleschi, Ghiberti and Donatello.

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Jacopo Sansovino

Jacopo d'Antonio Sansovino (2 July 1486 – 27 November 1570) was an Italian sculptor and architect, known best for his works around the Piazza San Marco in Venice.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman.

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John Cabot

John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century.

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John Ruskin

John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist.

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Joseph-Louis Lagrange

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (or;; born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia, Encyclopædia Britannica or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier, Turin, 25 January 1736 – Paris, 10 April 1813; also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia) was an Italian Enlightenment Era mathematician and astronomer.

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Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

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Jumbo (magazine)

Jumbo was a weekly comic magazine published in Milan, Italy, from 1932 to 1938.

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Juvenal

Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis, known in English as Juvenal, was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century AD.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

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L'espresso

L'Espresso is an Italian weekly news magazine.

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L'Europeo

L'Europeo was a prominent Italian weekly news magazine launched on 4 November 1945, by the founder-editors Gianni Mazzocchi and Arrigo Benedetti.

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L'Unità

L'Unità was an Italian newspaper, founded as official newspaper of the Italian Communist Party.

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La Dolce Vita

La Dolce Vita (Italian for "the sweet life" or "the good life")Kezich, 203 is a 1960 Italian drama film directed and co-written by Federico Fellini.

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La Fenice

Teatro La Fenice ("The Phoenix") is an opera house in Venice, Italy.

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La Repubblica

la Repubblica (the Republic) is an Italian daily general-interest newspaper.

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La Scala

La Scala (abbreviation in Italian language for the official name Teatro alla Scala) is an opera house in Milan, Italy.

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La Stampa

La Stampa (meaning The Press in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy.

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La7

La7 is an Italian private television channel owned by Cairo Communication.

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Ladin language

Ladin (or; Ladin: Ladin, Ladino, Ladinisch) is a Romance language consisting of a group of dialects that some consider part of a unitary Rhaeto-Romance language, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, the Trentino, and the Belluno, by the Ladin people.

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Lamborghini

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese and tractors Lamborghini Trattori in Pieve di Cento, Italy.

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Languages of Italy

There are approximately thirty-four living spoken languages and related dialects in Italy; most of which are indigenous evolutions of Vulgar Latin, and are therefore classified as Romance languages.

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Lateran Treaty

The Lateran Treaty (Patti Lateranensi; Pacta Lateranensia) was one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See, settling the "Roman Question".

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Latin liturgy

A Latin liturgy is a ceremony or ritual conducted in the Latin language.

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Latte

A latte is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk.

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Laura Pausini

Laura Pausini, (born 16 May 1974) is an Italian pop singer-songwriter, record producer and television personality.

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Lazzaro Spallanzani

Lazzaro Spallanzani (10 January 1729 – 12 February 1799) was an Italian Catholic priest, biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and animal echolocation.

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League of European Research Universities

The League of European Research Universities (LERU) is a consortium of European research universities.

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Leon Battista Alberti

Leon Battista Alberti (February 14, 1404 – April 25, 1472) was an Italian humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man.

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Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519), more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo, was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance, whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography.

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Lettuce

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an annual plant of the daisy family, Asteraceae.

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Lina Wertmüller

Lina Wertmüller (born 14 August 1928) is an Italian screenwriter and film director.

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List of buildings and structures in Florence

This is a list of the main architectural works in Florence, Italy by period.

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List of cultural icons of Italy

The List of cultural icons of Italy is a list of links to potential cultural icons of Italy.

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List of FIFA World Cup finals

The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930.

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List of historic states of Italy

Italy, up until the Italian unification in 1860, was a conglomeration of city-states, republics, and other independent entities.

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List of Italian musical terms used in English

Many musical terms are in Italian, because many of the most important early composers from the Renaissance to the Baroque period were Italian, and that period is when numerous musical indications were used extensively for the first time.

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List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.

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List of World Heritage Sites in Italy

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.

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Liturgical drama

Liturgical drama or religious drama, in its various Christian contexts, originates from the Mass itself, and usually presents a relatively complex ritual that includes theatrical elements.

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Livy

Titus Livius Patavinus (64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17) – often rendered as Titus Livy, or simply Livy, in English language sources – was a Roman historian.

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Lombard language

Lombard (native name lumbàart, lumbard or lombard, depending on the orthography) is a language belonging to the Cisalpine or Gallo-Italic group, within the Romance languages.

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Lord Byron

George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known as Lord Byron, was an English nobleman, poet, peer, politician, and leading figure in the Romantic movement.

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Lorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo de' Medici (1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492) was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy.

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Lorenzo Ghiberti

Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378 – 1 December 1455), born Lorenzo di Bartolo, was a Florentine Italian artist of the Early Renaissance best known as the creator of the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise.

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Luca Cambiasi

Luca Cambiasi, also known as Luca Cambiaso and Luca Cangiagio (being Cangiaxo /kaŋˈd͡ʒaːʒu/ the surname in Ligurian; 18 November 1527 – 6 September 1585) was an Italian painter and draftsman and the leading artist in Genoa in the 16th century.

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Luca della Robbia

Luca della Robbia (1399/1400–1482) was an Italian sculptor from Florence.

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Luca Marenzio

Luca Marenzio (also Marentio; October 18, 1553 or 1554 – August 22, 1599) was an Italian composer and singer of the late Renaissance.

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Luca Signorelli

Luca Signorelli (16 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening.

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Luchino Visconti

Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Count of Lonate Pozzolo (2 November 1906 – 17 March 1976), was an Italian theatre, opera and cinema director, as well as a screenwriter.

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Luciano Berio

Luciano Berio, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (October 24, 1925 – May 27, 2003) was an Italian composer.

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Luciano Pavarotti

Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (12 October 19356 September 2007) was an Italian operatic tenor who also crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of the most commercially successful tenors of all time.

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Lucio Fontana

Lucio Fontana (19 February 1899 – 7 September 1968) was an Italian painter, sculptor and theorist of Argentine birth.

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Lucretius

Titus Lucretius Carus (15 October 99 BC – c. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher.

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Ludovico Ariosto

Ludovico Ariosto (8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet.

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Luigi Cherubini

Luigi Cherubini (8 or 14 SeptemberWillis, in Sadie (Ed.), p. 833 1760 – 15 March 1842) was a Classical and pre-Romantic composer from Italy who spent most of his working life in France.

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Luigi Dallapiccola

Luigi Dallapiccola (February 3, 1904 – February 19, 1975) was an Italian composer known for his lyrical twelve-tone compositions.

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Luigi Nono

Luigi Nono (29 January 1924 – 8 May 1990) was an Italian avant-garde composer of classical music and remains one of the most prominent composers of the 20th century.

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Luigi Pirandello

Luigi Pirandello (28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays.

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Luisa Tetrazzini

Luisa Tetrazzini (29 June 1871 – 28 April 1940) was an Italian coloratura soprano of great international fame.

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Luxottica

Luxottica Group S.p.A. is an Italian eyewear company and the world's largest company in the eyewear industry.

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Macchiaioli

The Macchiaioli were a group of Italian painters active in Tuscany in the second half of the nineteenth century, who, breaking with the antiquated conventions taught by the Italian academies of art, did much of their painting outdoors in order to capture natural light, shade, and colour.

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Madrigal

A madrigal is a secular vocal music composition of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras.

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Magna Graecia

Magna Graecia (Latin meaning "Great Greece", Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς, Megálē Hellás, Magna Grecia) was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present-day regions of Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily that were extensively populated by Greek settlers; particularly the Achaean settlements of Croton, and Sybaris, and to the north, the settlements of Cumae and Neapolis.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Major appliance

A major appliance, or domestic appliance, is a large machine in home appliance used for routine housekeeping tasks such as cooking, washing laundry, or food preservation.

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Mannerism

Mannerism, also known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520 and lasted until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it.

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Marcello Malpighi

Marcello Malpighi (10 March 1628 – 29 November 1694) was an Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the "Father of microscopical anatomy, histology, physiology and embryology".

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Marcello Mastroianni

Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni, Knight Grand Cross (28 September 1924 – 19 December 1996) was an Italian film actor.

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Marcello Piacentini

Marcello Piacentini (December 8, 1881 – May 19, 1960) was an Italian urban theorist and one of the main proponents of Italian Fascist architecture.

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Marco Bellocchio

Marco Bellocchio (born 9 November 1939) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor.

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Marco Polo

Marco Polo (1254January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice.

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Marco Rota

Marco Rota (born September 18, 1942) is an Italian Disney comic artist who served as editor-in-chief of Disney Italia from 1974 to 1988.

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Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180 AD) was Roman emperor from, ruling jointly with his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus, until Verus' death in 169, and jointly with his son, Commodus, from 177.

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Maria Montessori

Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori (August 31, 1870 – May 6, 1952) was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy.

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Mario Faustinelli

Mario Faustinelli (November 8, 1924 – July 31, 2006) was an Italian comic book artist and editor.

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Martin Mystère

Martin Mystère is both the name and protagonist of an Italian comic book.

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Martin Opitz

Martin Opitz von Boberfeld (23 December 1597 – 20 August 1639) was a German poet, regarded as the greatest of that nation during his lifetime.

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Marzipan

Marzipan is a confection consisting primarily of sugar or honey and almond meal (ground almonds), sometimes augmented with almond oil or extract.

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Masaccio

Masaccio (December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance.

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Maserati

Maserati is an Italian luxury vehicle manufacturer established on 1 December 1914, in Bologna.

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Masolino da Panicale

Masolino da Panicale (nickname of Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini; c. 1383 – c. 1447) was an Italian painter.

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Master of Business Administration

The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).

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Meat

Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.

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Media franchise

A media franchise, also known as multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program or a video game.

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Mediaset

Mediaset S.p.A., also known as Gruppo Mediaset in Italian, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country.

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Medici Chapel

The Medici Chapels (Cappelle medicee) are two structures at the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy, dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, and built as extensions to Brunelleschi's 15th-century church, with the purpose of celebrating the Medici family, patrons of the church and Grand Dukes of Tuscany.

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Medieval commune

Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city.

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Mediterranean Universities Union

The Mediterranean Universities Union (Italian: Unione delle Università del Mediterraneo, UNIMED) consists of 84 universities based in the Mediterranean basin (or that have a specific interest in the Mediterranean region).

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Melon

A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet edible, fleshy fruit.

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Menander

Menander (Μένανδρος Menandros; c. 342/41 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy.

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Metaphysical art

Metaphysical art (Pittura metafisica) was a style of painting developed by the Italian artists Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carrà.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the United States.

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Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.

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Michelangelo Antonioni

Michelangelo Antonioni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (29 September 1912 – 30 July 2007), was an Italian film director, screenwriter, editor, and short story writer.

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Michelozzo

Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi (1396–1472) was an Italian architect and sculptor.

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Mickey Mouse universe

The Mickey Mouse universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting for stories involving Disney cartoon characters Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Pluto, Goofy, Donald Duck and many other characters.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Middle school

A middle school (also known as intermediate school or junior high school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school.

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Migration Period

The Migration Period was a period during the decline of the Roman Empire around the 4th to 6th centuries AD in which there were widespread migrations of peoples within or into Europe, mostly into Roman territory, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns.

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Milan

Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.

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Milan Furniture Fair

The Milan Furniture Fair (Salone Internazionale del Mobile di Milano) is a furniture fair held annually in Milan.

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Mina (Italian singer)

Anna Maria Mazzini (born 25 March 1940), Anna Maria Quaini (for the Swiss civil registry), known as Mina Mazzini or simply Mina, is an Italian singer.

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Mister No

Mister No is an Italian comic book, first published in Italy in 1975 by Sergio Bonelli Editore.

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Modern architecture

Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a term applied to a group of styles of architecture which emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II.

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Morality

Morality (from) is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper.

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Moschino

Moschino is an Italian luxury fashion house, specialising in leather accessories, shoes, luggage, fragrances etc.

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MTV (Italy)

MTV is the Italian-speaking version of the popular 24-hour music and youth entertainment channel.

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Museo Egizio

The Museo Egizio is an archaeological museum in Turin, Piedmont, Italy, specialising in Egyptian archaeology and anthropology.

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Music school

A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music.

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Naples

Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.

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Nation

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

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National Archaeological Museum, Naples

The National Archaeological Museum of Naples (italic, sometimes abbreviated to MANN) is an important Italian archaeological museum, particularly for ancient Roman remains.

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National Roman Museum

The National Roman Museum (Italian: Museo Nazionale Romano) is a museum, with several branches in separate buildings throughout the city of Rome, Italy.

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National symbols of Italy

National symbols of Italy are the symbols that are used in Italy to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of its cultural life and history.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.

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Neapolitan language

Neapolitan (autonym: (’o n)napulitano; napoletano) is a Romance language of the Italo-Dalmatian group spoken across much of southern Italy, except for southern Calabria and Sicily.

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Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism (from Greek νέος nèos, "new" and Latin classicus, "of the highest rank") is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of classical antiquity.

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Nero

Nero (Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was the last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

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Nero d'Avola

Nero d'Avola ("Black of Avola" in Italian) is "the most important red wine grape in Sicily" and is one of Italy's most important indigenous varieties.

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Neuron doctrine

The neuron doctrine is the concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells, a discovery due to decisive neuro-anatomical work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and later presented by, among others, H. Waldeyer-Hartz.

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Niccolò dell'Abbate

Niccolò dell'Abbate, sometimes Nicolò and Abate (1509 or 15121571) was an Italian Mannerist painter in fresco and oils.

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Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer of the Renaissance period.

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Niccolò Paganini

Niccolò (or Nicolò) Paganini (27 October 178227 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer.

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Nicola Amati

Nicola Amati or Nicolò or Nicolao (3 December 1596–12 April 1684) was an Italian Master Luthier from Cremona, Italy.

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Nicola Pisano

Nicola Pisano (also called Niccolò Pisano, Nicola de Apulia or Nicola Pisanus; c. 1220/1225 – c. 1284) was an Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style.

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Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale or just Nord) is a geographical region in the northern part of Italy.

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Novecento Italiano

Novecento Italiano was an Italian artistic movement founded in Milan in 1922 to create an art based on the rhetoric of the Fascism of Mussolini.

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Occitan language

Occitan, also known as lenga d'òc (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Oggi (magazine)

Oggi (meaning Today in Italian) is an Italian weekly news magazine published in Milan, Italy and is one of the oldest magazines in the country.

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Omelette

In cuisine, an omelette or omelet is a dish made from beaten eggs fried with butter or oil in a frying pan (without stirring as in scrambled egg).

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Opera

Opera (English plural: operas; Italian plural: opere) is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Ottava rima

Ottava rima is a rhyming stanza form of Italian origin.

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Ottorino Respighi

Ottorino Respighi (9 July 187918 April 1936) was an Italian violinist, composer and musicologist, best known for his three orchestral tone poems Fountains of Rome (1916), Pines of Rome (1924), and Roman Festivals (1928).

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Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.

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Palazzo Pitti

The Palazzo Pitti, in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy.

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Palmiro Togliatti

Palmiro Togliatti (26 March 1893 – 21 August 1964) was an Italian politician and leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death.

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Pandoro

Pandoro is a traditional Italian sweet yeast bread, most popular around Christmas and New Year.

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Panettone

Panettone (pronounced) is an Italian type of sweet bread loaf originally from Milan (in Milanese dialect of the Lombard language it is called paneton), usually prepared and enjoyed for Christmas and New Year in Western, Southern and Southeastern Europe as well as in the Horn of Africa, and to a lesser extent in former French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies.

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Panna cotta

Panna cotta (Italian for "cooked cream") is an Italian dessert of sweetened cream thickened with gelatin and molded.

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Paolo and Vittorio Taviani

Paolo Taviani (born 8 November 1931) and Vittorio Taviani (20 September 1929 – 15 April 2018), collectively referred to as the Taviani brothers, were Italian film directors and screenwriters who collaborated in productions of note.

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Paolo Gentiloni

Paolo Gentiloni Silveri (born 22 November 1954) is an Italian politician, who served as the 57th Prime Minister of Italy from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.

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Paolo Sarpi

Paolo Sarpi (14 August 1552 – 15 January 1623) was an Italian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates.

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Paolo Uccello

Paolo Uccello (1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art.

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Paolo Veronese

Paolo Caliari, known as Paolo Veronese (1528 – 19 April 1588), was an Italian Renaissance painter, based in Venice, known for large-format history paintings of religion and mythology, such as The Wedding at Cana (1563) and The Feast in the House of Levi (1573).

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Papal bull

A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Parmigiana

Parmigiana (also parmigiana di melanzane, or melanzane alla parmigiana or shortened as Parma, in Australian English called eggplant parmesan) is an Italian dish made with a shallow or deep-fried sliced eggplant (also called aubergine) filling, layered with cheese and tomato sauce, then baked.

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Parmigiano-Reggiano

Parmigiano-Reggiano is an Italian hard, granular cheese.

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Parsley

Parsley or garden parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the central Mediterranean region (southern Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Malta, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), naturalized elsewhere in Europe, and widely cultivated as an herb, a spice, and a vegetable.

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Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities

The Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space UniversitieS (PEGASUS) is a network of aeronautical universities in Europe created in order to facilitate student exchanges and collaborative research between universities.

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Pasta e fagioli

Pasta e fagioli, meaning "pasta and beans", is a traditional Italian dish.

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Pea

The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum.

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Pecorino Sardo

Pecorino sardo, also known as fiore sardo, is a firm cheese from the Italian island of Sardinia which is made from sheep milk: specifically from the milk of the local Sardinian breed.

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Pellegrino Tibaldi

Pellegrino Tibaldi (Valsolda, 1527–Milan, 1596), also known as Pellegrino di Tibaldo de Pellegrini, was an Italian mannerist architect, sculptor, and mural painter.

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Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley (4 August 17928 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets, and is regarded by some as among the finest lyric and philosophical poets in the English language, and one of the most influential.

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Perspective (graphical)

Perspective (from perspicere "to see through") in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.

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Pesto

Pesto, sometimes spelled as pasto or to refer to the original dish pesto alla genovese, is a sauce originating in Genoa, the capital city of Liguria, Italy.

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Petrarch

Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch, was a scholar and poet of Renaissance Italy who was one of the earliest humanists.

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Phaedra (Seneca)

Phaedra, is a Roman tragedy with Greek subject of c. 1280 lines of verse by philosopher and dramatist Lucius Annaeus Seneca, which tells the story of Phaedra, wife of King Theseus of Athens, and her consuming lust for her stepson, Hippolytus.

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Philip Mazzei

Filippo Mazzei (but sometimes erroneously cited with the name of Philip Mazzie; December 25, 1730 – March 19, 1816) was an Italian physician.

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Phoenicia

Phoenicia (or; from the Φοινίκη, meaning "purple country") was a thalassocratic ancient Semitic civilization that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the west of the Fertile Crescent.

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Piano

The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.

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Pier Luigi Nervi

Pier Luigi Nervi (21 June 1891 – 9 January 1979) was an Italian engineer and architect.

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Pier Paolo Pasolini

Pier Paolo Pasolini (5 March 1922 – 2 November 1975) was an Italian film director, poet, writer, and intellectual.

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Piero della Francesca

Piero della Francesca (c. 1415 – 12 October 1492) was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance.

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Piero Manzoni

Meroni Manzoni di Chiosca e Poggiolo, better known as Piero Manzoni (July 13, 1933 – February 6, 1963) was an Italian artist best known for his ironic approach to avant-garde art.

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Pietro Giannone

Pietro Giannone (7 May 1676 – 17 March 1748) was an Italian philosopher, historian and jurist born in Ischitella, in the province of Foggia.

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Pietro Longhi

Pietro Longhi (1702 or November 5, 1701 – May 8, 1785) was a Venetian painter of contemporary genre scenes of life.

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Pietro Mascagni

Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni (7 December 1863 – 2 August 1945) was an Italian composer most noted for his operas.

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Pietro Metastasio

Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi, better known by his pseudonym of Pietro Metastasio (3 January 1698 – 12 April 1782), was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.

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Pietro Perugino

Pietro Perugino (c. 1446/1452 – 1523), born Pietro Vannucci, was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance.

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Pietro Torrigiano

Pietro Torrigiano (24 November 1472 – August 1528) was an Italian sculptor of the Florentine school.

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Pietro Verri

Pietro Verri (12 December 1728 – 28 June 1797) was an Italian philosopher, economist, historian and writer.

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Pisa

Pisa is a city in the Tuscany region of Central Italy straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

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Pizza

Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.

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Plautus

Titus Maccius Plautus (c. 254 – 184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period.

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Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.

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Pliny the Younger

Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61 – c. 113), better known as Pliny the Younger, was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome.

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Polenta

Polenta is a dish of boiled cornmeal that was historically made from other grains.

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Politics of Italy

The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system.

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Polytechnic University of Milan

The italic (Polytechnic University of Milan) is the largest technical university in Italy, with about 42,000 students.

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Polytechnic University of Turin

The Polytechnic University of Turin (Politecnico di Torino) is a partly-public engineering university based in Turin, Italy.

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Pope Alexander VI

Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (de Borja, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death.

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Pope Boniface VIII

Pope Boniface VIII (Bonifatius VIII; born Benedetto Caetani (c. 1230 – 11 October 1303), was Pope from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. He organized the first Catholic "jubilee" year to take place in Rome and declared that both spiritual and temporal power were under the pope's jurisdiction, and that kings were subordinate to the power of the Roman pontiff. Today, he is probably best remembered for his feuds with King Philip IV of France, who caused the Pope's death, and Dante Alighieri, who placed the pope in the Eighth Circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among the simoniacs.

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Pope Gregory I

Pope Saint Gregory I (Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him.

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Potato

The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.

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Prada

Prada S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house, specializing in leather handbags, travel accessories, shoes, ready-to-wear, perfumes and other fashion accessories, founded in 1913 by Mario Prada.

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Pray and work

The phrase pray and work (or "pray and labor", in Latin ora et labora) refers to the Christian monastic practice of working and praying, generally associated with its use in the Rule of Saint Benedict.

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Primary school

A primary school (or elementary school in American English and often in Canadian English) is a school in which children receive primary or elementary education from the age of about seven to twelve, coming after preschool, infant school and before secondary school.

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Prince Eugene of Savoy

Prince Eugene of Savoy (French: François-Eugène de Savoie, Italian: Principe Eugenio di Savoia-Carignano, German: Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna.

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Propertius

Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age.

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Prosciutto

Prosciutto (Pronunciation of "Prosciutto". Cambridge dictionaries online.) is an Italian dry-cured ham that is usually thinly sliced and served uncooked; this style is called prosciutto crudo in Italian (or simply crudo) and is distinguished from cooked ham, prosciutto cotto.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Purgatory

In Roman Catholic theology, purgatory (via Anglo-Norman and Old French) is an intermediate state after physical death in which some of those ultimately destined for heaven must first "undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven," holding that "certain offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain others in the age to come." And that entrance into Heaven requires the "remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven," for which indulgences may be given which remove "either part or all of the temporal punishment due to sin," such as an "unhealthy attachment" to sin.

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RAI

RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana S.p.A. (commercially styled Rai; known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The RAI operates many DVB and Sat television channels and radio stations, broadcasting via digital terrestrial transmission (15 television and 7 radio channels nationwide) and from several satellite platforms. It is the biggest television broadcaster in Italy and competes with Mediaset, and other minor television and radio networks. The RAI has a relatively high television audience share of 33.8%. RAI broadcasts are also received in neighboring countries, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Slovenia, Vatican City, Switzerland, and Tunisia, and elsewhere on cable and satellite. Sometimes Rai 1 was received even further in Europe via Sporadic E until the digital switch off in July 2012. Half of the RAI's revenues come from broadcast receiving licence fees, the rest from the sale of advertising time Retrieved on 2007-10-10 Italian Ministry of Communications, Retrieved on 2007-10-10. In 1950, the RAI became one of the 23 founding broadcasting organizations of the European Broadcasting Union.

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Rai 1

Rai 1 (until May 2010 known as Rai Uno) is the flagship television channel of Rai, Italy's national public service broadcaster, and the most watched television channel in the country.

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Rai 2

Rai 2 is one of the three main television channels broadcast by Italian public television company RAI alongside Rai 1 and Rai 3.

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Rai 3

Rai 3 is part of Rai, the Italian government broadcasting agency, which owns other channels, such as Rai 1 and Rai 2 (amongst others).

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Rai Radio 1

Rai Radio 1 (Radio Uno) is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in news, sports, talk programmes, and popular music.

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Rai Radio 2

Rai Radio 2 (radio due) is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in talk programmes and popular music.

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Rai Radio 3

Rai Radio 3 (radio tre) is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in culture and classical music.

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Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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Renzo Piano

Renzo Piano, (born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect and engineer.

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Requiem (Mozart)

The Requiem in D minor, K. 626, is a requiem mass by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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Rete 4

Rete 4 is an Italian television station belonging to the Mediaset network.

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Riccardo Giacconi

Riccardo Giacconi (born October 6, 1931) is an Italian Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who laid the foundations of X-ray astronomy.

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Riccardo Muti

Riccardo Muti (born in Naples 28 July 1941) is an Italian conductor.

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Risotto

Risotto is a northern Italian rice dish cooked in a broth to a creamy consistency.

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Rita Levi-Montalcini

Rita Levi-Montalcini, (22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology.

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Roberto Benigni

Roberto Remigio Benigni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (born 27 October 1952) is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director.

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Roberto Rossellini

Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini (8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman salute

The Roman salute (Italian: saluto romano) is a gesture in which the arm is held out forward straight, with palm down, and fingers touching.

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Roman Senate

The Roman Senate (Senatus Romanus; Senato Romano) was a political institution in ancient Rome.

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Romano Scarpa

Romano Scarpa (September 27, 1927, Venice – April 23, 2005, Málaga) was one of the most famous Italian creators of Disney comics.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Rosso Fiorentino

Giovanni Battista di Jacopo (8 March 1495 in Gregorian style, or 1494 according to the calculation of times in Florence where the year began on 25 March – 14 November 1540), known as Rosso Fiorentino (meaning "red Florentine" in Italian), or Il Rosso, was an Italian Mannerist painter, in oil and fresco, belonging to the Florentine school.

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Rudolph Valentino

Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Pierre Filibert Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926), professionally known as Rudolph Valentino, was an Italian actor in America who starred in several well-known silent films including The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Sheik, Blood and Sand, The Eagle, and The Son of the Sheik. He was an early pop icon, a sex symbol of the 1920s, who was known as the "Latin lover" or simply as "Valentino".

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Rugby World Cup

The Rugby World Cup is a men's rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams.

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Ruggero Leoncavallo

Ruggero (or Ruggiero) Leoncavallo (23 April 18579 August 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist.

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Sabines

The Sabines (Sabini; Σαβῖνοι Sabĩnoi; Sabini, all exonyms) were an Italic tribe which lived in the central Apennines of ancient Italy, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome.

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Saint Fabiola

Saint Fabiola was a nurse (physician) and Roman matron of rank of the company of noble Roman women who, under the influence of the Church father St. Jerome gave up all earthly pleasures and devoted themselves to the practice of Christian asceticism and charitable work.

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Sallust

Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (86 – c. 35 BC), was a Roman historian, politician, and novus homo from an Italian plebeian family.

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Salvatore Quasimodo

Salvatore Quasimodo (August 20, 1901 – June 14, 1968) was an Sicilian novelist and poet.

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Samnites

The Samnites were an ancient Italic people who lived in Samnium in south-central Italy.

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San Marino

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains.

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Sandro Botticelli

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (c. 1445 – May 17, 1510), known as Sandro Botticelli, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance.

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Sapienza University of Rome

The Sapienza University of Rome (Italian: Sapienza – Università di Roma), also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, is a collegiate research university located in Rome, Italy.

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Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.

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Sardinian language

Sardinian or Sard (sardu, limba sarda or língua sarda) is the primary indigenous Romance language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia (Italy).

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Scholasticism

Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics", or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context.

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Scuderia Ferrari

Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer, Ferrari, and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing.

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Sebastian Cabot (explorer)

Sebastian Cabot (Italian and Venetian: Sebastiano Caboto, Spanish: Sebastián Caboto, Gaboto or Cabot; c. 1474 – c. December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic.

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Sebastiano Serlio

Sebastiano Serlio (6 September 1475 – c. 1554) was an Italian Mannerist architect, who was part of the Italian team building the Palace of Fontainebleau.

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Secondary school

A secondary school is both an organization that provides secondary education and the building where this takes place.

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Senate of the Republic (Italy)

The Senate of the Republic (Senato della Repubblica) or Senate (Senato) is a house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies).

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Sergio Leone

Sergio Leone (3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989) was an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter, credited as the inventor of the "Spaghetti Western" genre.

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Sergio Mattarella

Sergio Mattarella (born 23 July 1941) is an Italian politician, lawyer and judge serving as the 12th and current President of Italy since 2015.

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Sfumato

Sfumato is a painting technique for softening the transition between colours.

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SGroup European Universities' Network

The SGroup European Universities' Network (SGroup) is a non-for-profit founded in 1992 composed of over 30 higher education institutions from 15 European countries.

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Sicilian language

Sicilian (sicilianu; in Italian: Siciliano; also known as Siculo (siculu) or Calabro-Sicilian) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.

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Six Nations Championship

The Six Nations Championship (recently known as the NatWest 6 Nations for sponsorship reasons) is an annual international rugby union competition between the teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales.

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Slovene language

Slovene or Slovenian (slovenski jezik or slovenščina) belongs to the group of South Slavic languages.

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Snow cone

Snow cones are a variation of shaved ice or ground-up ice desserts commonly served in paper cones or foam cups.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Sonata

Sonata (Italian:, pl. sonate; from Latin and Italian: sonare, "to sound"), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piece sung.

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Sophia Loren

Sofia Villani Scicolone, known as Sophia Loren, Dame of the Grand Cross, O.M.R.I. (born 20 September 1934) is an Italian film actress and singer.

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Sorbet

Sorbet is a frozen dessert made from sweetened water with flavoring (typically fruit juice or fruit purée, wine, liqueur or, very rarely, honey).

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Southern Italy

Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.

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Soviet Union at the Olympics

The Soviet Union first participated at the Olympic Games in 1952, and competed at the Games on 18 occasions subsequently.

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Spaghetti Western

Spaghetti Western, also known as Italian Western or Macaroni Western (primarily in Japan), is a broad subgenre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success.

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Spatialism

Spatialism (Spazialismo) is an art movement founded by Italian artist Lucio Fontana in Milan in 1947 in which he grandiosely intended to synthesize colour, sound, space, movement, and time into a new type of art.

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Special education

Special education (also known as special needs education, aided education, exceptional education or Special Ed) is the practice of educating students with an IEP or Section 504 in a way that addresses their individual differences and needs.

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St Mark's Basilica

The Patriarchal Cathedral Basilica of Saint Mark (Basilica Cattedrale Patriarcale di San Marco), commonly known as Saint Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco; Baxéłega de San Marco), is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Venice, northern Italy.

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St. Peter's Basilica

The Papal Basilica of St.

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Stanislao Cannizzaro

Stanislao Cannizzaro FRS (13 July 1826 – 10 May 1910) was an Italian chemist.

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Stefano di Giovanni

For the village near Livorno, see Sassetta, Tuscany Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as il Sassetta (ca.1392–1450 or 1451) was an Italian painter who is considered one of the most important representatives of Sienese Renaissance painting.

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Stendhal

Marie-Henri Beyle (23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century French writer.

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Storage of wine

Storage of wine is an important consideration for wine that is being kept for long-term aging.

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Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again

"Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again" is a song written by Bob Dylan that appears on his 1966 album Blonde on Blonde.

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Suetonius

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius (c. 69 – after 122 AD), was a Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire.

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Summer Olympic Games

The Summer Olympic Games (Jeux olympiques d'été) or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Symphony

A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often written by composers for orchestra.

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Teatro di San Carlo

The Real Teatro di San Carlo (Royal Theatre of Saint Charles), its original name under the Bourbon monarchy but known today as simply the Teatro di San Carlo, is an opera house in Naples, Italy.

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Telecom Italia

TIM S.p.A., also operating under the name Telecom Italia, is an Italian telecommunications company headquartered in Milan, which provides telephony services, mobile services, and DSL data services.

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Terza rima

Terza rima is a rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme.

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Tex Willer

Tex Willer is the main fictional character of the Italian comics series Tex, created by writer Gian Luigi Bonelli and illustrator Aurelio Galleppini, and first published in Italy on 30 September 1948.

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The arts

The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.

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The Rape of the Sabine Women

The Rape of the Sabine Women was an incident in Roman mythology in which the men of Rome committed a mass abduction of young women from the other cities in the region.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Thomas Aquinas

Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Timeline of the introduction of television in countries

This is a list of when the first publicly announced television broadcasts occurred in the mentioned countries.

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Tintoretto

Tintoretto (born Jacopo Comin, late September or early October, 1518 – May 31, 1594) was an Italian painter and a notable exponent of the Venetian school.

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Tiramisu

Tiramisu (from the Italian language, spelled tiramisù, from the Venetian tiramesù, meaning "pick me up", "cheer me up" or "lift me up") is a coffee-flavoured Italian dessert.

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Titian

Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (1488/1490 – 27 August 1576), known in English as Titian, was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school.

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Titta Ruffo

Titta Ruffo (9 June 1877 - 5 July 1953), born as Ruffo Titta Cafiero, was an Italian operatic baritone who had a major international singing career.

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Tomato

The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.

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Tomato sauce

Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and Salsa di pomodoro in Italian) can refer to a large number of different sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish, rather than as a condiment.

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Tommaso Campanella

Tommaso Campanella OP (5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was a Dominican friar, Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.

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Top-level domain

A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet.

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Topolino

Topolino (from the Italian name for Mickey Mouse) is an Italian digest-sized comic series featuring Disney comics.

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Torquato Tasso

Torquato Tasso (11 March 1544 – 25 April 1595) was an Italian poet of the 16th century, best known for his poem Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered, 1581), in which he depicts a highly imaginative version of the combats between Christians and Muslims at the end of the First Crusade, during the Siege of Jerusalem.

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Torre Velasca

The Torre Velasca (Velasca Tower, in English) is a skyscraper built in the 1950s by the BBPR architectural partnership, in Milan, Italy.

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Tour de France

The Tour de France is an annual male multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.

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Transavantgarde

Transavantgarde or Transavanguardia is the Italian version of Neo-expressionism, an art movement that swept through Italy, and the rest of Western Europe, in the late 1970s and 1980s.

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Troubadour

A troubadour (trobador, archaically: -->) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350).

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Turin

Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.

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Tuscan dialect

Tuscan (dialetto toscano) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties mainly spoken in Tuscany, Italy.

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TV Sorrisi e Canzoni

TV Sorrisi e Canzoni is an Italian weekly listings magazine published in Segrate, Italy.

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Uffizi

The Uffizi Gallery (italic) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

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Ugo Foscolo

Ugo Foscolo (6 February 1778 in Zakynthos10 September 1827 in Turnham Green), born Niccolò Foscolo, was an Italian writer, freemason, revolutionary and poet.

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Umberto Boccioni

Umberto Boccioni (19 October 1882 – 17 August 1916) was an influential Italian painter and sculptor.

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Umberto Eco

Umberto Eco (5 January 1932 – 19 February 2016) was an Italian novelist, literary critic, philosopher, semiotician, and university professor.

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Umberto II of Italy

Umberto II (Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia; 15 September 190418 March 1983) was the last King of Italy.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United States at the Olympics

The United States of America has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games except the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott.

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United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.

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University of Bologna

The University of Bologna (Università di Bologna, UNIBO), founded in 1088, is the oldest university in continuous operation, as well as one of the leading academic institutions in Italy and Europe.

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University of Macerata

The University of Macerata (Università degli Studi di Macerata, UNIMC) is a university located in Macerata, Italy.

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University of Milan

The University of Milan (Università degli Studi di Milano, Universitas Studiorum Mediolanensis), known colloquially as UniMi or Statale, is a higher education institution in Milan, Italy.

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University of Naples Federico II

The University of Naples Federico II (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II) is a university located in Naples, Italy.

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University of Padua

The University of Padua (Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy.

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University of Pisa

The University of Pisa (Università di Pisa, UniPi) is an Italian public research university located in Pisa, Italy.

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University of Siena

The University of Siena (Università degli Studi di Siena, abbreviation: UNISI) in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest and first publicly funded universities in Italy.

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Valentino (fashion designer)

Valentino Clemente Ludovico Garavani (born 11 May 1932), best known as Valentino, is an Italian fashion designer and founder of the Valentino SpA brand and company.

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Vatican Radio

Vatican Radio (Radio Vaticana; Statio Radiophonica Vaticana) is the official broadcasting service of the Vatican.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Verona Arena

The Verona Arena (Arena di Verona) is a Roman amphitheatre in Piazza Bra in Verona, Italy built in the first century.

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Versace

Gianni Versace S.p.A. usually referred to simply as Versace, is an Italian luxury fashion company and trade name founded by Gianni Versace in 1978.

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Via della Conciliazione

Via della Conciliazione (Road of the Conciliation) is a street in the Rione of Borgo within Rome, Italy.

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Victor Hugo

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement.

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Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.

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Vilfredo Pareto

Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (born Wilfried Fritz Pareto, 15 July 1848 – 19 August 1923) was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher, now also known for the 80/20 rule, named after him as the Pareto principle.

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Villa Capra "La Rotonda"

Villa La Rotonda is a Renaissance villa just outside Vicenza in northern Italy, and designed by Andrea Palladio.

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Vincenzo Bellini

Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer,Lippmann and McGuire 1998, in Sadie, p. 389 who was known for his long-flowing melodic lines for which he was named "the Swan of Catania".

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Vint Cerf

Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS, (born June 23, 1943) is an American Internet pioneer, who is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-inventor Bob Kahn.

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Violin

The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.

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Virgil

Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.

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Vittore Carpaccio

Vittore Carpaccio (c. 1465 – 1525/1526) was an Italian painter of the Venetian school, who studied under Gentile Bellini.

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Vittorio Alfieri

Count Vittorio Alfieri (16 January 17498 October 1803) was an Italian dramatist and poet, considered the "founder of Italian tragedy.".

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Vittorio De Sica

Vittorio De Sica (7 July 1901 – 13 November 1974) was an Italian director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement.

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Vittorio Gregotti

Vittorio Gregotti (Novara, 10 August 1927) is an Italian architect, born in Novara.

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Vodafone

Vodafone Group plc is a British multinational telecommunications conglomerate, with headquarters in London.

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Vogue Italia

Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of Vogue magazine.

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Volleyball

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net.

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Vuelta a España

The Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) is an annual multi-stage bicycle race primarily held in Spain, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.

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Vulca

Vulca was an Etruscan artist from the town of Veii.

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Waldensians

The Waldensians (also known variously as Waldenses, Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) are a pre-Protestant Christian movement founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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William Edward Hartpole Lecky

William Edward Hartpole Lecky, OM, FBA (26 March 1838 – 22 October 1903) was an Irish historian, essayist, and political theorist with Whig proclivities.

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

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WIND (Italy)

Wind Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. (also known as Wind Italy) is an Italian telecom operator which offers integrated mobile, fixed telephony and Internet services (under Wind brand for mobile and business services and under Infostrada brand for home).

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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Winter Olympic Games

The Winter Olympic Games (Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Zagor

Zagor is an Italian comic book created by editor and writer Sergio Bonelli (pseudonym Guido Nolitta) and artist Gallieno Ferri.

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Zanussi

Zanussi is an Italian producer of home appliances that was bought by Electrolux in 1984.

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.eu

.eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU).

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.it

.it is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Italy.

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1954 in television

The year 1954 in television involved some significant events.

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Redirects here:

Culture Of Italy, How Italians influenced America, Italian Culture, Italian culture, Sculpture of Italy, Scultpure of Italy, Theatre in Italy.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Italy

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