DNA and RNA codon tables and Protein

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Difference between DNA and RNA codon tables and Protein

DNA and RNA codon tables vs. Protein

A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

Adenine

Adenine (symbol A or Ade) is a purine nucleobase.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Aspartic acid

Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, especially when the data sets are large and complex.

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Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

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Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins.

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Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Guanine

Guanine (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).

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Histidine

Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Isoleucine

Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Leucine

Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Lysine

Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.

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Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.

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Methionine

Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.

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Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

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Peptide

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

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Proline

Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group but is rather a secondary amine.

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Protein biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.

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Ribosome

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).

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Threonine

Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Uracil

Uracil (symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid RNA.

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Valine

Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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