Communication

334 relations: -stan, Abdul Madzhid (Dagestan rebel), Abdulkhakim Ismailov, Abdulrashid Sadulaev, Abdusalam Gadisov, Adam Amirilayev, Adam Saitiev, Adygea, Aghul language, Aghul people, Agriculture, Akhvakh people, Albania (satrapy), Ali Aliyev (wrestler), Ali Bagautinov, All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Amateur boxing, Amateur wrestling, Andi people, Arab–Khazar wars, Arabic, Armonk, New York, Artist, Artists' Union of the USSR, Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast, Atheism, Athens, Avar language, Avars (Caucasus), Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijanis in Russia, Baku, Ballet, BBC Online, Bekkhan Goygereyev, Bellator MMA, Black market, Black Sea, Botlikh people, Boxing, Buvaisar Saitiev, Capital city, Caspian Depression, Caspian Sea, Caucasian Albania, Caucasian Imamate, Caucasian War, ..., Caucasus Mountains, Chechen language, Chechens, Chechnya, Chemical industry, Choreography, Christian, Christianity, Christianity in Russia, Church of Caucasian Albania, City of federal subject significance, Classical Arabic, Coal, Coat of arms of Dagestan, Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Dagestan Oblast, Dairy, Dargins, Dargwa language, Derbent, Derbent Khanate, Diklosmta, Dzhabar Askerov, Dzhamal Otarsultanov, Eduard Puterbrot, Encyclopædia Britannica, Endangered language, Engineering, Extraction of petroleum, Featherweight (MMA), Federal Security Service, Federal subjects of Russia, Flag of Dagestan, Food processing, Former countries in Europe after 1815, Freestyle wrestling, Gamzat-bek, Gasret Aliev, Gates of Alexander, Gaydarbek Gaydarbekov, Georgia (country), Georgian language, Ghazi Muhammad, Guerrilla warfare, Head of the Republic of Dagestan, Heavyweight, Hinukh people, History of the Jews in Azerbaijan, Hizgil Avshalumov, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Huns, Hunzib people, Hydroelectricity, Ibn al-Khattab, Industrialisation, Ingushetia, Insurgency in the North Caucasus, International Crisis Group, Iran and the Caucasus, Irreligion, Islam, Islam in Russia, Islamization, Israel, Israel Tsvaygenbaum, Jews, Jihad, Joseph Stalin, Judeo-Tat, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Khabib Nurmagomedov, Khadzhimurad Magomedov, Khasavyurt, Khunzakh, Kizlyar, Krasnodar Krai, Kubachi language, Kumyk language, Kumyks, Kuramagomed Kuramagomedov, Lak language, Laks (Caucasus), Languages of the Caucasus, Lezgian language, Lezgins, Lezgistan, Light heavyweight, Lingua franca, List of extreme points of Russia, List of K-1 events, List of Olympic medalists in boxing, Lists of Olympic medalists, Littoral zone, Magomed Abdusalamov, Magomed Ibragimhalilovich Ibragimov, Magomed Kurbanaliev, Magomed Magomedov, Magomedali Magomedov, Magomedkhan Aratsilov, Magomedrasul Gazimagomedov, Magomedrasul Khasbulaev, Magomedsalam Magomedov, Makhach Murtazaliev, Makhachkala, Mansur Isaev, Mavlet Batirov, Mechanical engineering, Metalworking, Middleweight, Mixed martial arts, Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer, Mount Bazardüzü, Mount Dyultydag, Mountain Jews, Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Mukhu Aliyev, Murad Umakhanov, Murshid, Mushail Mushailov, Music in Dagestan, Muslim conquest of Persia, Muslim Salikhov, Mysticism, Nader Shah, Nader's Dagestan campaign, Naqshbandi, Nationalism, Natural gas, Nogai language, Nogais, Nondenominational Christianity, North Caucasian Federal District, North Caucasus, North Caucasus economic region, North Ossetia-Alania, Northeast Caucasian languages, Nurmagomed Shanavazov, October Revolution, Oil field, Olympic Games, Ottoman Empire, Parliament, Parthian Empire, Pastor, Pentecostalism, People's Artist of the USSR, People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan, Persian Expedition of 1796, Persian language, Persianization, Peter the Great, Petroleum, Precipitation, President of Russia, Professional boxing, Protestantism, Qadiriyya, Qajar dynasty, Quba, R217 highway (Russia), Rail transport, Raion, Ramazan Abdulatipov, Ramazan Şahin, Rashid Magomedov, Rasul Gamzatov, Religious persecution, Republics of Russia, Robert Bruce Ware, Roman Empire, Rostelecom, Rostov Oblast, Ruslan Magomedov, Russia, Russian Americans, Russian Census (2010), Russian Empire, Russian federal highways, Russian language, Russian Orthodox Church, Russians, Russo-Persian War (1722–1723), Russo-Persian War (1804–13), Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Rustam Khabilov, Rutul language, Rutul people, Safavid dynasty, Sagid Murtazaliev, Said Afandi al-Chirkawi, Salafi movement, Samandar (city), Samur River, Sasanian Empire, Saypulla Absaidov, Sazhid Sazhidov, Second Chechen War, Selsoviet, Sergey Izgiyayev, Shadhili, Shafi‘i, Shamakhi, Shamil Basayev, Shamil Zavurov, Shamil, 3rd Imam of Dagestan, Shapi Kaziev, Sharia, Shariat Jamaat, Shia Islam, Shirvani Muradov, Siege of Akhoulgo, Slavic Native Faith, Southern Federal District, Soviet Union, Spiritual but not religious, Springer Science+Business Media, State Anthem of the Republic of Dagestan, Stavropol Krai, Sufism, Sulak River, Suleyman Kerimov, Suleyman Kerimov Foundation, Sultan Ibragimov, Sunni Islam, Sydney, Tabasaran language, Tabasaran people, Tagir Khaybulaev, Tamara Musakhanova, Tankho Israilov, Tapa Tchermoeff, Tariqa, Tarki, Tat language (Caucasus), Tat people (Caucasus), Terek Oblast, Terek River, Textile manufacturing, Treaty of Ganja, Treaty of Gulistan, Treaty of Turkmenchay, Tsakhur language, Tsakhur people, Tsez people, Turkic languages, Turkish language, Types of inhabited localities in Russia, Ultimate Fighting Championship, Urban-type settlement, Vazif Meylanov, Viticulture, Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Vasilyev (politician), Voice of the Martyrs, Volgograd Oblast, War of Dagestan, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Welterweight, White movement, Winemaking, Wood industry, World Boxing Organization, World Muaythai Council, Wrestling, Wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 85 kg, Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 55 kg, Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 55 kg, Yagutil Mishiev, Zabit Magomedsharipov, Zoroastrianism, 1980 Summer Olympics, 1988 Summer Olympics, 2000 European Amateur Boxing Championships, 2000 Summer Olympics, 2001 World Amateur Boxing Championships, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics, 2010 Kizlyar suicide bombings, 2012 Summer Olympics, 2013 World Wrestling Championships, 2015 World Wrestling Championships, 2015 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 70 kg. 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-stan

The suffix -stan (ـستان|translit.

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Abdul Madzhid (Dagestan rebel)

Ilgar Mollachiev, better known as Emir Abdul Madzhid (Majid), was the militant leader of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasian Front in the Second Chechen War, in the volatile southern Russian republic of Dagestan.

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Abdulkhakim Ismailov

Abdulkhakim Ismailov (1 July 1916 – 17 February 2010) was a Soviet soldier within the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II.

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Abdulrashid Sadulaev

Abdulrashid Bulachevich Sadulaev (Абдулрашид Булачевич Садулаев; ГІабдулрашид Булачил Садулаев; born 9 May 1996 in Dagestan) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Avar descent.

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Abdusalam Gadisov

Abdusalam Mamatkhanovich Gadisov (born 26 March 1989 in Dagestan) is an Avar – Dagestani born-Russian freestyle wrestler.

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Adam Amirilayev

Adam Bashirovich Amirilayev (Адам Баширович Амирилаев), born 20 May 1963 in Burtunay, Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, is a Russian politician.

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Adam Saitiev

Adam Hamidovich Saitiev, also spelled Saytiev, (Адам Хамидович Сайтиев, born December 12, 1977) is a Russian wrestler of Chechen heritage, who won gold at the 2000 Summer Olympics for the Russian Federation at 85 kg cat.

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Adygea

The Republic of Adygea (r; Адыгэ Республик, Adygæ Respublik), also known as the Adyghe Republic, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), with its territory enclaved within Krasnodar Krai.

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Aghul language

Aghul, also spelled Agul, is a language spoken by the Aghuls in southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan.

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Aghul people

Aghuls (Aghul: агулар/agular, агулы/aguly or агульцы/aguljcy) are a people in Dagestan, Russia.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Akhvakh people

The Akhvakhs (also known as Akhwakh, Akhvakhtsy or G'akhevalal; ахвахцы in Russian) are one of the Andi–Dido peoples of Daghestan and have their own language.

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Albania (satrapy)

Albania, or Ardhan in Parthian or Arran in Middle Persian, was a Caucasian satrapy (province) of the Sassanid Empire.

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Ali Aliyev (wrestler)

Ali Zurkanaevich Aliev (Али Зурканаевич Алиев; born 29 November 1937 – 7 January 1995) was a Soviet freestyle wrestler of Avar-Dagestani descent.

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Ali Bagautinov

Ali Shamilevich Bagautinov (Али Шамилевич Багаутинов; born June 10, 1985) is a Dargin-Russian professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

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All-Russian Central Executive Committee

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Vserossiysky Centralny Ispolnitelny Komitet (VTsIK)), was the highest legislative, administrative, and revising body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) from 1917 until 1937.

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Amateur boxing

Amateur boxing (also called Olympic Boxing) is a variant of boxing practised at the collegiate level, at the Olympic Games, Pan American Games and Commonwealth Games, as well as many associations.

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Amateur wrestling

Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport wrestling.

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Andi people

The Andis (къӀваннал in Andi, андийцы in Russian) are one of the indigenous Dagestanian peoples of Russia.

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Arab–Khazar wars

The Arab–Khazar wars were a series of conflicts fought between the armies of the Khazar Khaganate and the Umayyad Caliphate (as well as its Abbasid successor) and their respective vassals.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Armonk, New York

Armonk is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of North Castle, New York located in Westchester County.

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Artist

An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art.

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Artists' Union of the USSR

The Artists' Union of the USSR (translit) was a creative union of the Soviet artists and art critics embracing the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Astrakhan

Astrakhan (p) is a city in southern Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast.

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Astrakhan Oblast

Astrakhan Oblast (Астраха́нская о́бласть, Astrakhanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southern Russia.

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Atheism

Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Athens

Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Avar language

Avar (self-designation Магӏарул мацӏ Maⱨarul maⱬ "language of the mountains" or Авар мацӏ Avar maⱬ "Avar language"), also known as Avaric, is a language that belongs to the Avar–Andic group of the Northeast Caucasian family.

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Avars (Caucasus)

The Avars (аварал / магIарулал, awaral / maⱨarulal; "mountaineers" constitute a Caucasus native ethnic group, the most predominant of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in a region known as the North Caucasus between the Black and Caspian Seas. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Caucasian Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 m above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Northeast Caucasian languages and is also known as Nakh–Dagestanian. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 13th century.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Azerbaijani language

Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).

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Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis or Azeris (Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار, Azərilər آذریلر), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan türkləri آذربایجان تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Iranian region of Azerbaijan and the sovereign (former Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijanis in Russia

Azerbaijanis in Russia or Russian Azerbaijanis (Rusiya azərbaycanlıları (Latin), Русија азәрбајҹанлылары (Cyrillic); Азербайджанцы в России, Azerbajdzhanchy v Rossii) are Azerbaijani people in the Russian Federation, and are Russian citizens or permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background.

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Baku

Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region, with a population of 2,374,000.

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Ballet

Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.

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BBC Online

BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.

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Bekkhan Goygereyev

Bekkhan Goygereyev (born May 22, 1987) is a Chechen-born Russian freestyle wrestler who won the gold medal at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships.

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Bellator MMA

Bellator MMA is an American mixed martial arts promotion based in Santa Monica, California that is owned and operated as a subsidiary of Viacom.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or transaction that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by some form of noncompliant behavior with an institutional set of rules.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Botlikh people

The Botlikh people (also known as Bótligh, Botlig, Botlog or Buikhatli, in Botlikh Буйхалъида Bujxałida) are an Andi–Dido people of Dagestan.

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Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring.

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Buvaisar Saitiev

Buvaisar Hamidovich Saitiev, also spelled Buvaysar Hamidovich Saytiev, ('''Бувайсар Хамидович Сайтиев'''., Сайт КIант Бувайса) (born March 11, 1975 in Khasavyurt, Dagestan ASSR) is a Russian wrestler of Chechen heritage, who has won nine world-level gold medals in freestyle wrestling.

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Capital city

A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other administrative region, usually as its seat of government.

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Caspian Depression

The Caspian Depression (p, Caspian Lowland) or Pricaspian/Peri-Caspian Depression/Lowland is a low-lying flatland region encompassing the northern part of the Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed body of water on Earth.

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Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.

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Caucasian Albania

Albania, usually referred to as Caucasian Albania for disambiguation with the modern state of Albania (the endonym is unknownRobert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians", in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Ed.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity. Chicago: 1982, pp. 27-40.Bosworth, Clifford E.. Encyclopædia Iranica.), is a name for the historical region of the eastern Caucasus, that existed on the territory of present-day republic of Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located) and partially southern Dagestan.

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Caucasian Imamate

The Caucasian Imamate, also known as the Caucasus Imamate (`Imāmat al-Qawqāz), was the state established by the imams in Dagestan and Chechnya during the early-to-mid 19th century in the Northern Caucasus, to fight against the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War, where Russia sought to conquer the Caucasus in order to secure communications with its new territories south of the mountains.

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Caucasian War

The Caucasian War (Кавказская война; Kavkazskaya vojna) of 1817–1864 was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which resulted in Russia's annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus, and the ethnic cleansing of Circassians.

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Caucasus Mountains

The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region.

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Chechen language

Chechen (нохчийн мотт / noxçiyn mott / نَاخچیین موٓتت / ნახჩიე მუოთთ, Nokhchiin mott) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by more than 1.4 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia, Jordan, Central Asia (mainly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan), and Georgia.

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Chechens

Chechens (Нохчий; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Chemical industry

The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals.

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Choreography

Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which motion, form, or both are specified.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christianity in Russia

Christianity in Russia is by some estimates the largest religion in the country, with nearly 50% of the population identifying as Christian.

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Church of Caucasian Albania

The Albanian Apostolic Church or the Church of Caucasian Albania was an ancient briefly independent autocephalous Igor Kuznetsov.

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City of federal subject significance

City of federal subject significance is an umbrella term used to refer to a type of an administrative division of a federal subject of Russia which is equal in status to a district but is organized around a large city; occasionally with surrounding rural territories.

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Classical Arabic

Classical Arabic is the form of the Arabic language used in Umayyad and Abbasid literary texts from the 7th century AD to the 9th century AD.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Coat of arms of Dagestan

The coat of arms of Dagestan was instituted on 20 October 1994.

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Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Дагестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика; 1921–1991), abbreviated as Dagestan ASSR (Дагестанская АССР; Дагъистаналъул АССР; Дагъыстан АССР; Дагъустандин АССР; Дагъусттаннал АССР) or DASSR (ДАССР) and also unofficially known as Soviet Dagestan or just simply Dagestan, was an autonomous Soviet socialist republic (ASSR) in the Russian SFSR of the former Soviet Union.

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Dagestan Oblast

The Dagestan Oblast (Дагестанская область) was an oblast (province) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.

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Dairy

A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing (or both) of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption.

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Dargins

The Dargwa or Dargin people (darganti; даргинцы, dargintsy) are a Northeast Caucasian native ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus, and who make up the second largest ethnic group in the Russian republic of Dagestan.

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Dargwa language

The Dargwa or Dargin language is spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan.

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Derbent

Derbent (Дербе́нт; دربند; Dərbənd; Кьвевар; Дербенд), formerly romanized as Derbend, is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea, north of the Azerbaijani border.

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Derbent Khanate

The Derbent Khanate (خانات دربند — Khānāt-e Darband, Dərbənd xanlığı) was a Caucasian khanate that was established in Afsharid Iran.

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Diklosmta

Diklosmta or simply Diklo (დიკლოსმთა) is a peak in the eastern part of the Caucasus Mountains in between border of the Russian Republics of Chechnya and Dagestan and the Tusheti region of Georgia.

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Dzhabar Askerov

Dzhabar Askerov (Джабар Аскеров; born January 24, 1986) is a Russian Welterweight kickboxer fighting out of Bangkok, Thailand and representing Russia.

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Dzhamal Otarsultanov

Dzhamal Sultanovich Otarsultanov (Джамал Султанович Отарсултанов; born 14 April 1987 in Khasavyurtovsky District, Dagestan, Russia) is a male Chechen-Russian wrestler of Chechen heritage, who won the gold medal in men's freestyle 55 kg at the 2012 London Olympics.

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Eduard Puterbrot

Eduard Moiseevich Puterbrot (September 12, 1940, Makhachkala – November 15, 1993, Makhachkala) – a Dagestani artist, member of Artists' Union of USSR, laureate of Republic Prize of Dagestanian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic named after Gamzat Tsadasa for the paintings «Master» and «Village concert» as well as sketches of decorations to «Medea» by Euripides and «Chest of disasters» by Gamzat Tsadasa, Honoured Art Worker of Dagestanian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Endangered language

An endangered language, or moribund language, is a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language.

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Engineering

Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.

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Extraction of petroleum

The extraction of petroleum is the process by which usable petroleum is drawn out from beneath the earth's surface location.

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Featherweight (MMA)

The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes.

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Federal Security Service

The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB; fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə ˈsluʐbə bʲɪzɐˈpasnəstʲɪ rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjɪ) is the principal security agency of Russia and the main successor agency to the USSR's Committee of State Security (KGB).

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Federal subjects of Russia

The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (субъекты Российской Федерации subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (субъекты федерации subyekty federatsii), are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia.

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Flag of Dagestan

The flag of the Republic of Dagestan was adopted after the transformation of the Dagestan ASSR into the Republic of Dagestan within the Russian Federation.

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Food processing

Food processing is the transformation of cooked ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms.

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Former countries in Europe after 1815

This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day.

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Freestyle wrestling

Freestyle wrestling is a style of amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world.

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Gamzat-bek

Gamzat-bek (Arabic: حمزة بك.

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Gasret Aliev

Gasret Agaevich Aliev (Гасре́т Ага́евич Али́ев; 14 December 1922 – 28 February 1981) was a Soviet soldier and a Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II.

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Gates of Alexander

The Gates of Alexander was a legendary barrier supposedly built by Alexander the Great in the Caucasus to keep the uncivilized barbarians of the north (typically associated with Gog and Magog) from invading the land to the south.

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Gaydarbek Gaydarbekov

Gaydarbek Abdulovich Gaydarbekov (Гайдарбек Абдулович Гайдарбеков) (born October 6, 1976 in Kaspiysk, USSR) is a Russian boxer of Avar heritage, who has won one Olympic medal in Middleweight including the gold medal at the 2004 games.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Georgian language

Georgian (ქართული ენა, translit.) is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians.

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Ghazi Muhammad

Qazi Mullah (Russian: Кази-Мулла, Kazi-Mulla, early 1790s–1832) was an Islamic scholar and ascetic, who was the first Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (from 1828 to 1832).

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

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Head of the Republic of Dagestan

The Head of the Republic of Dagestan is the highest official and the head of the executive power of the Republic of Dagestan.

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Heavyweight

Heavyweight is a weight class in combat sports.

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Hinukh people

The Hinukh (Hinukh: гьинухъес hinuqes, translit) are a people of Dagestan living in 2 villages: Genukh, Tsuntinsky District - their 'parent village' and Novomonastyrskoe, Kizlyarsky District - where they settled later and live together with Avars and Dargins and also in the cities of Dagestan.

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History of the Jews in Azerbaijan

Today, Jews in Azerbaijan mainly consist of three distinct groups: Mountain Jews, the most sizable and most ancient group; Ashkenazi Jews, who settled in the area during the late 19th-early 20th centuries, and during World War II; and Georgian Jews who settled mainly in Baku during the early part of the 20th century.

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Hizgil Avshalumov

Hizgil Davidovich Avshalumov (Авшалумов, Хизгил Давидович; 16 January 1913 – 17 September 2001) was Mountain Jew soviet novelist, poet and playwrighter.

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Homogeneity and heterogeneity

Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism.

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Huns

The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe, between the 4th and 6th century AD.

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Hunzib people

The Hunzibs are an indigenous people of Dagestan, Russia living in three villages in the Tsuntinsky District in the upper regions of the Avar-Koisu river area.

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Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

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Ibn al-Khattab

Samir Saleh Abdullah (سامر صالح عبد الله; 14 April 1969 – 20 March 2002), more commonly known as Ibn al-Khattab or Emir Khattab (also transliterated as Amir Khattab and Ameer Khattab, meaning Commander Khattab, or Leader Khattab), was a Saudi Arabian-born mercenary leader in the First Chechen War and the Second Chechen War.

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Industrialisation

Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

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Ingushetia

The Republic of Ingushetia (rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə ɪnɡʊˈʂetʲɪjə; Гӏалгӏай Мохк), also referred to as simply Ingushetia, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the North Caucasus region.

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Insurgency in the North Caucasus

The insurgency in the North Caucasus is a currently low-level armed conflict between Russia and militants associated with the Caucasus Emirate and, since June 2015, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) groups.

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International Crisis Group

The International Crisis Group (ICG; also simply known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1995 that carries out field research on violent conflict and advances policies to prevent, mitigate or resolve conflict.

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Iran and the Caucasus

Iran and the Caucasus is a biannual multidisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal published by Brill Publishers in collaboration with the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies (Yerevan).

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Irreligion

Irreligion (adjective form: non-religious or irreligious) is the absence, indifference, rejection of, or hostility towards religion.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islam in Russia

Islam is the second most widely professed religion in Russia, encompassing somewhere between 7% and 15% of all Russians.

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Islamization

Islamization (also spelled Islamisation, see spelling differences; أسلمة), Islamicization or Islamification is the process of a society's shift towards Islam, such as found in Sudan, Pakistan, Iran, Malaysia, or Algeria.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Israel Tsvaygenbaum

Israel Tsvaygenbaum (Исраил Иосифович Цвайгенбаум; ישראל צווייגנבאום; born February 1, 1961), is a Russian-American artist of Jewish descent.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jihad

Jihad (جهاد) is an Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Judeo-Tat

Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (çuhuri / жугьури / ז'אוּהאוּראִ) is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.

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Kabardino-Balkaria

The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublikê; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика, Qabartı-Malqar Respublika), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабарди́но-Балка́рия, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus.

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Kalmykia

The Republic of Kalmykia (p; Хальмг Таңһч, Xaľmg Tañhç) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).

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Karachay-Cherkessia

The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Карача́ево-Черке́сская Респу́блика, Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika; Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай-Черкес Республика, Qaraçay-Çerkes Respublika; Kabardian: Къэрэшей-Шэрджэс Республикэ, Ķêrêšei-Šêrdžês Respublikê, Nogai: Карашай-Шеркеш Республикасы, Qaraşay-Şerkeş Respublikası) or Karachay-Cherkessia (Карача́ево-Черке́сия) is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Khabib Nurmagomedov

Khabib Abdulmanapovich Nurmagomedov (Хабиб Абдулманапович Нурмагомедов; ХIабиб ГӀабдулманапил НурмухӀамадов; born September 20, 1988) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Avar descent who is the current UFC Lightweight Champion.

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Khadzhimurad Magomedov

Khadzhimurad Magomedov (born 24 February 1974, Makhachkala, Dagestan ASSR) is a Russian wrestler and Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling.

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Khasavyurt

Khasavyurt (Хасавю́рт, Khasav-yurt; Хасавъ-ю́рт, Khasav'-yurt) is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

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Khunzakh

Khunzakh (Хунзах) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khunzakhsky District in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located in the North Caucasus mountains above sea level.

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Kizlyar

Kizlyar (Кизля́р) is a town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the border with the Chechen Republic in the delta of the Terek River northwest of Makhachkala, the capital of the republic.

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Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar Krai (p) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of the Southern Federal District.

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Kubachi language

Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language from the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia.

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Kumyk language

Kumyk (къумукъ тил,L. S. Levitskaya, "Kumyk language", in Languages of the world. Turkic languages (1997). (in Russian) qumuq til) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 426,212 speakers — the Kumyks — in the Dagestan, North Ossetia, and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation.

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Kumyks

Kumyks (къумукълар, qumuqlar, кумыки) are a Turkic people living in the Kumyk plateau (in northern Dagestan to the south of the Terek river), the lands bordering the Caspian Sea, Northern Ossetia, Chechnya and the banks of the Terek river.

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Kuramagomed Kuramagomedov

Kuramagomed Sharipovich Kuramagomedov (Курамагомед Шарипович Курамагомедов; born 21 March 1978) is a freestyle wrestler who competed for Russia in the 2000 Summer Olympics and won a world title in 1997 at 97 kg.

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Lak language

The Lak language (лакку маз, lakːu maz) is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within this family.

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Laks (Caucasus)

The Laks or Laki (self-designation: Lak) are an Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native to an inland region known as Lakia within Dagestan in the North Caucasus.

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Languages of the Caucasus

The Caucasian languages are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

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Lezgian language

Lezgian, also called Lezgi or Lezgin, (Azerbaijani: Ləzgi dili), is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages.

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Lezgins

Lezgins (лезгияр, lezgiyar, Russian: лезгины, lezginy; Azerbaijani: "Ləzgilər"; also called Lezgins, Lezgi, Lezgis, Lezgs, Lezgin) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.

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Lezgistan

Lezgistan or Lekia (Леӄи) may refer to the following.

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Light heavyweight

Light heavyweight, or junior cruiserweight, is a weight class in combat sports.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

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List of extreme points of Russia

This is a list of the extreme points and extreme elevations in Russia.

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List of K-1 events

This is a list of events held and scheduled by the K-1, a kickboxing promotion based in Hong Kong.

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List of Olympic medalists in boxing

No description.

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Lists of Olympic medalists

This article includes lists of all Olympic medalists since 1896, organized by each Olympic sport or discipline, and also by Olympiad.

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Littoral zone

The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.

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Magomed Abdusalamov

Magomed Abdusalamov (Магомед Абдусаламов; born 25 March 1981) is a Russian former professional boxer who competed from 2008 to 2013.

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Magomed Ibragimhalilovich Ibragimov

Mogamed Ibragimov (Məhəmməd İbrahimov, Могамед Ибрагимов, born July 22, 1974 in Dagestan) is a Russian naturalized Macedonian wrestler of Avar descent.

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Magomed Kurbanaliev

Magomed Magomedvich Kurbanaliev (Магомед Магомедович Курбаналиев; born 6 August 1992) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Avar Dagestani descent.

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Magomed Magomedov

Magomed "The Propeller" Magomedov (Магомед Магомедов, born June 4, 1982 in Dagestan) is a Russian former kickboxer fighting out of Chinuk Gyn from Minsk, Belarus.

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Magomedali Magomedov

Magomedali Magomedovich Magomedov (Магомедали Магомедович Магомедов) was chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Dagestan from 1987 to 2006.

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Magomedkhan Aratsilov

Magomedkhan Aratsilov (born 7 May 1951) is a Russian former wrestler who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

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Magomedrasul Gazimagomedov

Magomedrasul Mukhtarovich Gazimagomedov (Магомедрасул Мухтарович Газимагомедов; born April 8, 1991 in Dagestan) is a Russian of Tindian heritage freestyle wrestler.

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Magomedrasul Khasbulaev

Magomedrasul Magomedalievich Khasbulaev (Магомедрасул Магомедалиевич Хасбулаев; born October 23, 1986) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Avar heritage at one time fought in the Featherweight division for the Bellator Fighting Championships.

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Magomedsalam Magomedov

Magomedsalam Magomedaliyevich Magomedov (Магомедсалам Магомедалиевич Магомедов, b.June 1, 1964) was the President of Dagestan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation found in the North Caucasus region.

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Makhach Murtazaliev

Makhach Dalgatovich Murtazaliev (Махач Далгатович Муртазалиев; born 4 June 1984 in Kedy, Dagestan, Russia) is an Avar born-Russian Olympic wrestler who won the bronze medal for Russia at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

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Makhachkala

Makhachkala (p; Анжи-кала; Lak: Гьанжи; Avar: МахӀачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Rutul: МахаӀчкала) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

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Mansur Isaev

Mansur Mustafaevich Isaev (Мансур Мустафаевич Исаев; born 23 September 1986 in Kizilyurt, Dagestan) is a Russian judoka.

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Mavlet Batirov

Mavlet Alavdinovich Batirov (Мавлет Алавдинович Батиров, born December 12, 1983) is a Russian freestyle wrestler, world and 2-time Olympic champion, who competed in the men's freestyle 55 kg category at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal.

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Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems.

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Metalworking

Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large-scale structures.

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Middleweight

Middleweight is a weight class in combat sports.

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Mixed martial arts

Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact combat sport that allows striking and grappling, both standing and on the ground, using techniques from other combat sports and martial arts.

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Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer

Gora Addala-Shukhgelmeer or simply Addala-Shukhgelmeer (translit; عَدَّلا شوحْگِڵْمِەر), is a mountain located in Dagestan, Russia.

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Mount Bazardüzü

Mount Bazardüzü (КичIен сув., Базардюзю) is a mountain peak in the Greater Caucasus range on the border between Russia and Azerbaijan.

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Mount Dyultydag

Gora Dyultydag, or simply Dyultydag (Дюльтыдаг), is a mountain located in Dagestan, Russia.

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Mountain Jews

Mountain Jews or Caucasus Jews also known as Juhuro, Juvuro, Juhuri, Juwuri, Juhurim, Kavkazi Jews or Gorsky Jews (Dağ Yəhudiləri, יהודי קווקז Yehudey Kavkaz or Yehudey he-Harim, translit) are Jews of the eastern and northern Caucasus, mainly Azerbaijan, Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia.

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Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus

The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (MRNC; also known as the Mountain Republic or the Republic of the Mountaineers; r) was a short-lived state situated in the Northern Caucasus that existed from 1917 until 1920.

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Mukhu Aliyev

Mukhu Gimbatovich Aliyev (Муху́ Гимба́тович Али́ев,; Мухӏу Гӏалиев; born August 6, 1940) was the President of the Republic of Dagestan, a federal subject of Russia.

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Murad Umakhanov

Murad Umakhanov (born 3 January 1977 in Khasavyurt, Dagestan, Russia) is a Russian wrestler and Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling.

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Murshid

Murshid (مرشد) is Arabic for "guide" or "teacher", derived from the root r-sh-d, with the basic meaning of having integrity, being sensible, mature.

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Mushail Mushailov

Mushail Mushailov (Мушаилов Мушаил Ханухович; מושאיל מושאילוב born July 10, 1941 — January 4, 2007) was a Soviet /Russian artist and teacher of Mountain Jewish descent.He was a member of the USSR Union of Artists and Israel.

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Music in Dagestan

The music of Dagestan includes both the Dagestani Philharmonic Orchestra and the State Academic Dance Ensemble.

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Muslim conquest of Persia

The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran (Persia).

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Muslim Salikhov

Muslim Magomedovich Salikhov (Russian: Муслим Магоме́дович Салихов, 9 June 1984 in Makhachkala) is a Kumyk Dagestani-born Russian heavyweight Sanda kickboxer and mixed martial artist.

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Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Nader's Dagestan campaign

Nader's Dagestan campaign, refers to the campaigns conducted by the Persian Empire (under the Safavid and Afsharid dynasty) under the ruling king Nader Shah between the years 1741 and 1743 in order to fully subjugate the Dagestan region in the North Caucasus Area.

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Naqshbandi

The Naqshbandi (نقشبندی) or Naqshbandiyah is a major Sunni spiritual order of Sufism.

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Nationalism

Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Nogai language

Nogai (also Nogay or Nogai Tatar) is a Turkic language spoken in southwestern European Russia.

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Nogais

The Nogais are a Turkic ethnic group who live in southern European Russia, mainly in the North Caucasus region.

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Nondenominational Christianity

Nondenominational (or non-denominational) Christianity consists of churches which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves non-denominational.

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North Caucasian Federal District

North Caucasian Federal District (Се́веро-Кавка́зский федера́льный о́круг, Severo-Kavkazsky federalny okrug) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus (p) or Ciscaucasia is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, within European Russia.

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North Caucasus economic region

North Caucasus Economic Region (Се́веро-Кавка́зский экономи́ческий райо́н; tr.: Severo-Kavkazsky ekonomichesky rayon) is one of 12 economic regions of Russia.

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North Ossetia-Alania

The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (p; Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон-Алани, Respublikæ Cægat Iryston-Alani) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).

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Northeast Caucasian languages

The Northeast Caucasian languages, or Nakh-Daghestanian languages, are a language family spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in northern Azerbaijan as well as in diaspora populations in Western Europe, Turkey and the Middle East.

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Nurmagomed Shanavazov

Nurmagomed Magomedsandovich Shanavazov (Нурмагомед Магомедсандович Шанавазов) (born February 19, 1965), was a Russian boxer.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Oil field

An "oil field" or "oilfield" is a region with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (crude oil) from below ground.

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Olympic Games

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.

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Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.

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Pastor

A pastor is an ordained leader of a Christian congregation.

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Pentecostalism

Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement"Spirit and Power: A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals",.

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People's Artist of the USSR

People's Artist of the USSR (Наро́дный арти́ст СССР, Narodný artist SSSR), also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union.

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People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan

The People's Assembly of Dagestan is the legislature of the Republic of Dagestan.

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Persian Expedition of 1796

The Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great, alongside the Persian Expedition of Peter the Great, was one of the Russo-Persian Wars of the 18th century which did not entail any lasting consequences for either belligerent.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Persianization

Persianization or persification is a sociological process of cultural change in which something becomes "Persianate".

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Peter the Great

Peter the Great (ˈpʲɵtr vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj), Peter I (ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj) or Peter Alexeyevich (p; –)Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

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President of Russia

The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.

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Professional boxing

Professional boxing, or prizefighting, is a regulated, sanctioned boxing.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Qadiriyya

The Qadiriyya (القادريه, قادریه, also transliterated Qadri, Qadriya, Kadri, Elkadri, Elkadry, Aladray, Alkadrie, Adray, Kadray, Qadiri,"Quadri" or Qadri) are members of the Qadiri tariqa (Sufi order).

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Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (سلسله قاجار; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; script Qacarlar) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

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Quba

Quba (also Kuba, Guba or Kuwa; Lezgin: Къуба́; Judæo-Tat: Qybə / Гъуьбэ / קאובּא) is a city in and the capital of the Quba Rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.

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R217 highway (Russia)

The Russian route M29, also known as the Caucasus Highway, is a trunk road that extends from Krasnodar to Chechnya and Dagestan, terminating at Russia's border with Azerbaijan.

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Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.

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Raion

A raion (also rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states (such as part of an oblast).

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Ramazan Abdulatipov

Ramazan Gadzhimuradovich Abdulatipov (Рамазан ГІабдулатІипов, Рамазан Гаджимурадович Абдулатипов) (born 4 August 1946, in the Tlyaratinsky District of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) is a Russian politician of Dagestani/Avar heritage.

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Ramazan Şahin

Ramazan Şahin (born Ramzan Irbaikhanov (Рамзан Ирбайханов), July 8, 1983) is a Russian - Turkish freestyle wrestler of Chechen descent, who has won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

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Rashid Magomedov

Rashid Magomedgadzhievich Magomedov (Рашид Магомедгаджиевич Магомедов; born May 14, 1984 in Dagestan) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Dargin ethnicity.

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Rasul Gamzatov

Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov (ХӀамзатил Расул,; a; 8 September 19233 November 2003) was probably the most famous poet writing in the Avar language.

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Religious persecution

Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs or affiliations or lack thereof.

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Republics of Russia

According to the Constitution, the Russian Federation is divided into 85 federal subjects (constituent units), 22 of which are "republics".

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Robert Bruce Ware

Robert Bruce Ware is Professor of Philosophy at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Rostelecom

Rostelecom (ОАО «Ростелеком») is Russia's leading long-distance telephony provider.

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Rostov Oblast

Rostov Oblast (p) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District.

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Ruslan Magomedov

Ruslan Gadzhimagomedovich Magomedov (Руслан Гаджимагомедович Магомедов; born November 26, 1986 in Dagestan) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Dargin heritage who competes in the Heavyweight division.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Americans

Russian Americans are Americans who trace their ancestry to Russia, the Russian Empire, or the former Soviet Union.

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Russian Census (2010)

The Russian Census of 2010 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2010 го́да) is the first census of the Russian Federation population since 2002 and the second after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian federal highways

Russian federal highways (r; lit. Highways of federal importance of the Russian Federation) are the most important highways in Russia that are federal property.

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Russian language

Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox patriarchates.

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Russians

Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.

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Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)

The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, the Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.

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Russo-Persian War (1804–13)

The 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War, was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began like many of their wars as a territorial dispute.

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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Руско-турска Освободителна война, Russian-Turkish Liberation war) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.

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Rustam Khabilov

Rustam Mikailovich Khabilov (Рустам Микаилович Хабилов; Rustam Habil Mikailni ulanı, Рустам Гьабил Микаилны уланы; born November 4, 1986 in Dagestan) is a Russian mixed martial artist and Combat Sambo World Champion of Kumyk descent.

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Rutul language

Rutul is a language spoken by the Rutuls, an ethnic group living in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan.

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Rutul people

Rutuls, Rutulians (Mykhabyr; r) are an ethnic group in Dagestan, a republic in the south of Russia, and some parts of Azerbaijan.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Sagid Murtazaliev

Sagid Magomedovich Murtazaliev (Сагид Магомедович Муртазалиев; СагIид МагIамедович МуртазгIалиев; born 11 March 1974) is a Russian freestyle wrestler.

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Said Afandi al-Chirkawi

Said Afandi al-Chirkawi (ЧӀикӀаса СагӀид афанди, Шейх Саид Афанди аль-Чиркави; 21 October 1937 - 28 August 2012) was a prominent scholar in Shafii mazhab and a spiritual master, or "Murshid Kamil".

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Salafi movement

The Salafi movement or Salafist movement or Salafism is a reform branch or revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that developed in Egypt in the late 19th century as a response to European imperialism.

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Samandar (city)

Samandar (also Semender) was a city in Khazaria on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, south of the city of Atil, in the North Caucasus.

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Samur River

Samur (Самыр;; Самур; Samurçay) is a river in Russia's Dagestan Republic, partially flowing through Azerbaijan.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Saypulla Absaidov

Saypulla Absaidov (born 14 July 1958 in Tarki, Dagestan ASSR) is a former Soviet wrestler of the Kumyk ethnicity and Olympic champion and World Champion 1981 in Freestyle wrestling.

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Sazhid Sazhidov

Sazhid Khalilrakhmanovich Sazhidov (Сажид Халилрахманович Сажидов; born 6 February 1980) is an Avar Dagestani -born Russian Olympic wrestler who represented Russia at the world-level from 2003 to 2006.

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Second Chechen War

Second Chechen War (Втора́я чече́нская война́), also known as the Second Chechen Сampaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния), was an armed conflict on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, also with militants of various Islamist groups, fought from August 1999 to April 2009.

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Selsoviet

Selsoviet (r; сільрада, silrada) is a shortened name for a rural council and for the area governed by such a council (soviet).

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Sergey Izgiyayev

Sergey Davidovich Izgiyayev (Сергей Давидович Изгияев; איזגיאייב סרגיי; born 24 November 1922 — 27 July 1972) was a member of the Union of Soviet Writers, the author of nine books of poetry and five plays, the translator and creator of lyrics for more than thirty songs (nine of which were produced by Moscow's firm Melodiya on Gramophone records).

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Shadhili

The Shadhili Tariqa (الطريقة الشاذلية) is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam founded by Abul Hasan Ali ash-Shadhili of Morocco.

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Shafi‘i

The Shafi‘i (شافعي, alternative spelling Shafei) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam.

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Shamakhi

Shamakhi (also spelled Şamaxı) is the capital of the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Shamil Basayev

Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (Шамиль Басаев, Шамиль Салманович Басаев; 14 January 1965 – 10 July 2006) was a Chechen General militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen movement.

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Shamil Zavurov

Shamil Magomedovich Zavurov (Шамиль Магомедович Завуров; born July 4, 1984) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Avar descent, who competes in the Welterweight and Lightweight division.

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Shamil, 3rd Imam of Dagestan

Imam Shamil (also spelled Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel; Шейх Шамил; Şeyh Şamil; Имам Шамиль; الشيخ شامل) (pronounced "Shaamil") (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the political, military, and spiritual leader of Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s, as well as the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859).

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Shapi Kaziev

Shapi Magomedovitch Kaziev (Шапи́ Магомедович Кази́ев; born March 27, 1956) is a Russian writer, playwright and script writer.

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Sharia

Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law (شريعة) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.

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Shariat Jamaat

Vilayat Dagestan (Province of Dagestan, Вилайят Дагестан, Vilayyat Dagestan), formerly known as Shariat Jamaat, is an Islamist Jihadist group based in the Russian republic of Dagestan and is part of the Caucasus Emirate.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Shirvani Muradov

Shirvani Gadzikurbanovich Muradov (Ширвани Гаджикурбанович Мурадов; born 20 June 1985 in Dagestan) is a Russian wrestler, who has won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and European champion 2007.

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Siege of Akhoulgo

The Siege of Akhulgo (1839) was a siege during the Murid War in the Caucasus.

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Slavic Native Faith

The Slavic Native Faith, also known as Rodnovery, is a modern Pagan religion.

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Southern Federal District

The Southern Federal District (ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spiritual but not religious

"Spiritual but not religious" (SBNR) also known as "Spiritual but not affiliated" (SBNA) is a popular phrase and initialism used to self-identify a life stance of spirituality that takes issue with organized religion as the sole or most valuable means of furthering spiritual growth.

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Springer Science+Business Media

Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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State Anthem of the Republic of Dagestan

The State Anthem of the Republic of Dagestan (Государственный гимн Республики Дагестан, Gosudarstvennyj gimn Respubliki Dagestan), also known as Oath (Клятва, Kljatva) is the regional anthem of Dagestan, a federal subject of Russia.

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Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai (p) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia.

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Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

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Sulak River

The Sulak River (Сула́к., Сулак (Sulaq)/Къой-сув (Qoysu), Ġoysu) drains most of the mountainous interior of Dagestan northeast into the Caspian Sea.

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Suleyman Kerimov

Suleyman Abusaidovich Kerimov (p; Керимрин Абусаидан хва Сулейман; born March 12, 1966) is a Lezgian businessman, investor, philanthropist and politician.

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Suleyman Kerimov Foundation

The Suleyman Kerimov Foundation is a private foundation created in 2007 by Russian businessman, Suleyman Kerimov.

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Sultan Ibragimov

Sultan-Ahmed Magomedsalihovich Ibragimov (Султан-Ахмед Магомедсалихович Ибрагимов; born 8 March 1975) is a Russian former professional boxer who competed from 2002 to 2008, and held the WBO heavyweight title from 2007 to 2008.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Sydney

Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Tabasaran language

Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch.

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Tabasaran people

The Tabasarans are an ethnic group who live mostly in Dagestan, Russia.

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Tagir Khaybulaev

Tagir Kamaludinovich Khaybulaev (Тагир Камалудинович Хайбуллаев, ТIагьир ХIайбулаев) (born 24 July 1984 in Kizilyurt, Dagestan, Soviet Union) is a Russian judoka of Avar descent.

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Tamara Musakhanova

Tamara Nahamievna Musakhanova (Тамара Нахамиевна Мусаханова; תמרה מסכנוב; born January 31, 1924 — February 27, 2014) was a Soviet sculptor, ceramist, and of Mountain Jewish origin.

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Tankho Israilov

Tankho Selimovich Israilov (Танхо Селимович Израилов; תנקהו ישראלוב born December 2, 1917 – November 30, 1981) was a Soviet Dagestan ballet dancer, a ballet master, a choreographer, and of Mountain Jewish origin.

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Tapa Tchermoeff

Abdul "Tapa" Medjid Bey Ortsa Tchermoeff (1882 – August 28, 1937) (Тапа Абдул Миджит Бей Орца Чермо́ев Tapa Abdul Midƶit Bey Orca Çermoyev) was the only Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus.

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Tariqa

A tariqa (or tariqah; طريقة) is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking Haqiqa, which translates as "ultimate truth".

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Tarki

Tarki (Тарки́), formerly also spelled Terki and Terkee and also known as Tarku (Таргъу, Targhu), is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Tarkitau Mountain.

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Tat language (Caucasus)

The Tat language or Tat/Tati PersianGernot Windfuhr, "Persian Grammar: history and state of its study", Walter de Gruyter, 1979.

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Tat people (Caucasus)

The Tat people (also: Tati, Parsi, Daghli, Lohijon, Caucasian Persians, Transcaucasian Persians) are an Iranian people, presently living within Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan).

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Terek Oblast

The Terek Oblast was an oblast (province) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.

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Terek River

The Terek River (Terk), a major river in the Northern Caucasus, flows through Georgia and Russia into the Caspian Sea.

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Textile manufacturing

Textile manufacturing is a major industry.

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Treaty of Ganja

The Treaty of Ganja was concluded between the Russian Empire and Iran on 10 March 1735 near the city of Ganja (present-day Azerbaijan).

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Treaty of Gulistan

The Treaty of Gulistan (Гюлистанский договор; عهدنامه گلستان) was a peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran) on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (in modern-day Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War, lasting from 1804 to 1813.

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Treaty of Turkmenchay

The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор, عهدنامه ترکمنچای) was an agreement between Persia (Iran) and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was signed on 10 February 1828 in Torkamanchay, Iran. By the treaty, Persia ceded to Russia control of several areas in the South Caucasus: the Erivan Khanate, the Nakhchivan Khanate, and the remainder of the Talysh Khanate. The boundary between Russian and Persia was set at the Aras River. These territories comprise modern-day Armenia, the southern parts of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, as well as Iğdır Province (now part of Turkey). The treaty was signed for Persia by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza and Allah-Yar Khan Asaf al-Daula, chancellor to Shah Fath Ali (of the Qajar Dynasty), and for Russia by General Ivan Paskievich. Like the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, this treaty was imposed by Russia, following military victory over Persia. Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the treaty was signed. By this final treaty of 1828 and the 1813 Gulistan treaty, Russia had finalised conquering all the Caucasus territories from Iran, comprising modern-day Dagestan, eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, all which had formed part of its very concept for centuries. The area to the North of the river Aras, amongst which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century. As a further direct result and consequence of the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories became now part of Russia for around the next 180 years, except Dagestan, which has remained a Russian possession ever since. Out of the greater part of the territory, three separate nations would be formed through the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.

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Tsakhur language

Tsakhur (also spelled Tsaxur or Caxur; Saxur dili; Цахурский, Tsakhurskiy) is a language spoken by the Tsakhurs in northern Azerbaijan and southwestern Dagestan (Russia).

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Tsakhur people

The Tsakhur or Caxur (saxurlar, цахурский) people are an ethnic group of northern Azerbaijan and southern Dagestan (Russia).

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Tsez people

The Tsez (also known as the Dido or the Didoi) are an indigenous people of the North Caucasus.

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Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and West Asia all the way to North Asia (particularly in Siberia) and East Asia (including the Far East).

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Turkish language

Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).

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Types of inhabited localities in Russia

The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with the classification systems in other countries.

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Ultimate Fighting Championship

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts organization based in Las Vegas, Nevada, that is owned and operated by parent company William Morris Endeavor.

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Urban-type settlement

Urban-type settlement (посёлок городско́го ти́па - posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: п.г.т. - p.g.t.; селище міського типу – selyshche mis'koho typu, abbreviated: с.м.т. - s.m.t.; пасёлак гарадскога тыпу; osiedle typu miejskiego; селище от градски тип – selishte ot gradski tip) is an official designation for a semi-urban settlement (or a former town).

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Vazif Meylanov

Vazif Sirazhutdinovich Meylanov (Вази́ф Сиражутди́нович Мейла́нов, 15 May 1940, Makhachkala, Dagestan ASSR, RSFSR, USSR – 11 January 2015, Makhachkala) was a Soviet mathematician, social philosopher, writer, Soviet dissident and political prisoner (1980–1989).

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Viticulture

Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) is the science, production, and study of grapes.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Vladimir Vasilyev (politician)

Vladimir Abdualievich Vasilyev (Влади́мир Абдуали́евич Васи́льев; born August 11, 1949, Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian politician.

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Voice of the Martyrs

The Voice of the Martyrs (VOM) is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to serve persecuted Christians.

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Volgograd Oblast

Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть, Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the Volga region of Southern Russia.

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War of Dagestan

The War of Dagestan began when the Chechnya-based Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade (IIPB), an Islamist group, led by warlords Shamil Basayev and Ibn al-Khattab, invaded the neighboring Russian republic of Dagestan, on 7 August 1999, in support of the Shura of Dagestan separatist rebels.

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Wavelength-division multiplexing

In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e., colors) of laser light.

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Welterweight

Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports.

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White movement

The White movement (p) and its military arm the White Army (Бѣлая Армія/Белая Армия, Belaya Armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая Гвардія/Белая Гвардия, Belaya Gvardiya), the White Guardsmen (Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi) or simply the Whites (Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.

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Winemaking

Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.

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Wood industry

The wood industry or lumber industry is a - usually private - economic sector concerned with forestry, logging, timber trade, and the production of forest products, timber/lumber, primary forest and wood products (e.g. furniture) and secondary products like wood pulp for the pulp and paper industry.

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World Boxing Organization

The World Boxing Organization (WBO) is a sanctioning organization which recognizes professional boxing world champions.

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World Muaythai Council

The World Muaythai Council (WMC) is one of the oldest and the largest professional sanctioning organizations of Muaythai in the world for the sport.

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Wrestling

Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds.

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Wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 85 kg

The men's freestyle 85 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program was held at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre from September 29 to October 1.

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Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 55 kg

The men's freestyle 55 kg at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall, August 27 to August 28.

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Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 55 kg

Men's freestyle 55 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place on 10 August at ExCeL London.

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Yagutil Mishiev

Yagutil Israelovich Mishiev (Мишиев, Ягутил Израилович; יאגוטיל מישייב; born March 29, 1927 in Qırmızı Qəsəbə, Azerbaijan Republic of USSR) — writer, author of books about the history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia.

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Zabit Magomedsharipov

Zabit Akhmedovich Magomedsharipov (born 1 March 1991 in Dagestan) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Akhvakhs heritage, currently competing in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

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Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism, or more natively Mazdayasna, is one of the world's oldest extant religions, which is monotheistic in having a single creator god, has dualistic cosmology in its concept of good and evil, and has an eschatology which predicts the ultimate destruction of evil.

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1980 Summer Olympics

The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (r), was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia.

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1988 Summer Olympics

The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad (Korean), were an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul, South Korea.

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2000 European Amateur Boxing Championships

The Men's 2000 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Tampere, Finland from May 13 to 21.

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2000 Summer Olympics

The 2000 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event which was held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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2001 World Amateur Boxing Championships

The Men's 2001 World Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, from June 3 to June 10.

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2004 Summer Olympics

The 2004 Summer Olympic Games (Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004), officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home. 10,625 athletes competed, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries.

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2008 Summer Olympics

The 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and commonly known as Beijing 2008, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing, China.

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2010 Kizlyar suicide bombings

The 2010 Kizlyar bombings were double suicide attacks that occurred on March 31, 2010 in Kizlyar, in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Dagestan.

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2012 Summer Olympics

The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom.

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2013 World Wrestling Championships

The 2013 FILA Wrestling World Championships was the 9th edition of FILA Wrestling World Championships of combined events and were held from September 16 to 22 in Budapest, Hungary.

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2015 World Wrestling Championships

The 2015 UWW World Wrestling Championships were the 12th edition of World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held from September 7 to 12 in Las Vegas, United States.

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2015 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 70 kg

The men's freestyle 70 kg is a competition featured at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Las Vegas, United States on September 12.

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Redirects here:

DAGESTAN, Dagestan Republic, Dagestan Republic, Russia, Dagestan republic, Dagestan, Respublika, Dagestani Republic, Daghestan, Daghestani peoples, Daghstan, Dagistan, Dağıstan, Dağıstan Respublikası, Demographics of Dagestan, Economy of Dagestan, Ethnic groups in Dagestan, Islamic Republic of Dagestan, Languages of Dagestan, Name of Dagestan, Peoples of Dagestan, Politics of Dagestan, RU-DA, Republic Dagestan, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Dagestan, Russia, Republic of Daghestan, Respublika Dagestan, Дагестан, Дагестан, Республика, Дагъистаналъул Республика, Дагъистанес Республика, Дагъустан Республика, Дагъустандин Республика, Дагъустаннал Республика, Дагъыстан Республикасы, Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Республика Дагестан.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagestan

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