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93 relations: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Analytic philosophy, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Ancestor, Aristotle, Axiom, Being, Bertrand Russell, Charles Stevenson, Circular definition, Classics, Definable set, Definite description, Definitionism, Elsevier, English language, Enumerative definition, Essentialism, Extension (semantics), Extensional and intensional definitions, Fallacies of definition, Family resemblance, Genus, Genus–differentia definition, Geoffrey Warnock, Hobbit, Homograph, Homonym, Homophone, Indeterminacy (philosophy), J. L. Austin, J. O. Urmson, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, Kripke semantics, Lexical definition, Lexicography, Logical atomism, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Mathematics, Meaning (linguistics), Medical dictionary, Modal logic, Natural language, Natural number, Necessity and sufficiency, Norman Swartz, Object (philosophy), Operational definition, Ostensive definition, ..., Oxford English Dictionary, Peano axioms, Persuasive definition, Philosophical Investigations, Phrase, Polysemy, Pope Gregory I, Possible world, Posterior Analytics, Precising definition, Prime minister, Primitive notion, Principle of individuation, Private language argument, Quadrilateral, Ramsey–Lewis method, Rectangle, Recursion, Recursive definition, Regress argument, Rhombus, Rigid designator, Saul Kripke, Scholasticism, Self-reference, Semantic field, Semantics, Seme (semantics), Sememe, Set (mathematics), Seven deadly sins, Sign (semiotics), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Subset, Symbol, Symbol grounding problem, Theoretical definition, Theory of descriptions, Triangle, Vicious circle principle, Vish (game), Word, Word sense. Expand index (43 more) »
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a work by John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding.
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Analytic philosophy
Analytic philosophy (sometimes analytical philosophy) is a style of philosophy that became dominant in the Western world at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Analytic–synthetic distinction
The analytic–synthetic distinction (also called the analytic–synthetic dichotomy) is a semantic distinction, used primarily in philosophy to distinguish propositions (in particular, statements that are affirmative subject–predicate judgments) into two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions.
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Ancestor
An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent, and so forth).
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Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Axiom
An axiom or postulate is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments.
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Being
Being is the general concept encompassing objective and subjective features of reality and existence.
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Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.
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Charles Stevenson
Charles Leslie Stevenson (June 27, 1908 – March 14, 1979) was an American analytic philosopher best known for his work in ethics and aesthetics. Stevenson was educated at Yale, receiving in 1930 a B.A. in English literature, at Cambridge where in 1933 he was awarded a B.A. in philosophy, and at Harvard, getting his Ph.D. there in 1935. He was a professor at Yale University from 1939 to 1946, but was denied tenure because of his defense of emotivism. He then taught at the University of Michigan from 1946 to 1977. He studied in England with Wittgenstein and G. E. Moore. Among his students was Joel Feinberg. He gave the most sophisticated defense of emotivism in the post-war period. In his papers "The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms" (1937) and "Persuasive Definitions" (1938), and his book Ethics and Language (1944), he developed a theory of emotive meaning; which he then used to provide a foundation for his theory of a persuasive definition. He furthermore advanced emotivism as a meta-ethical theory that sharply delineated between cognitive, scientific uses of language (used to state facts and to give reasons, and subject to the laws of science) and non-cognitive uses (used to state feelings and exercise influence).
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Circular definition
A circular definition is one that uses the term(s) being defined as a part of the definition or assumes a prior understanding of the term being defined.
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Classics
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
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Definable set
In mathematical logic, a definable set is an n-ary relation on the domain of a structure whose elements are precisely those elements satisfying some formula in the first-order language of that structure.
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Definite description
A definite description is a denoting phrase in the form of "the X" where X is a noun-phrase or a singular common noun.
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Definitionism
Definitionism (also called the classical theory of concepts) is the school of thought in which it is believed that a proper explanation of a theory consists of all the concepts used by that theory being well-defined.
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Elsevier
Elsevier is an information and analytics company and one of the world's major providers of scientific, technical, and medical information.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Enumerative definition
An enumerative definition of a concept or term is a special type of extensional definition that gives an explicit and exhaustive listing of all the objects that fall under the concept or term in question.
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Essentialism
Essentialism is the view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity and function.
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Extension (semantics)
In any of several studies that treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics—the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question.
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Extensional and intensional definitions
Extensional and intensional definitions are two key ways in which the object(s) or concept(s) a term refers to can be defined.
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Fallacies of definition
Fallacies of definition are the various ways in which definitions can fail to explain terms.
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Family resemblance
Family resemblance (Familienähnlichkeit) is a philosophical idea made popular by Ludwig Wittgenstein, with the best known exposition given in his posthumously published book Philosophical Investigations (1953).
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Genus–differentia definition
A genus–differentia definition is a type of intensional definition, and it is composed of two parts.
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Geoffrey Warnock
Sir Geoffrey James Warnock (16 August 1923 – 8 October 1995) was a philosopher and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University.
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Hobbit
Hobbits are a fictional, diminutive, humanoid race who inhabit the lands of Middle-earth in J. R. R. Tolkien’s fiction.
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Homograph
A homograph (from the ὁμός, homós, "same" and γράφω, gráphō, "write") is a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning.
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Homonym
In linguistics, homonyms, broadly defined, are words which sound alike or are spelled alike, but have different meanings.
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Homophone
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning.
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Indeterminacy (philosophy)
Indeterminacy, in philosophy, can refer both to common scientific and mathematical concepts of uncertainty and their implications and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of definition or meaning.
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J. L. Austin
John Langshaw "J.
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J. O. Urmson
James Opie Urmson (4 March 1915 – 29 January 2012), usually cited as J. O. Urmson, was a philosopher and classicist who spent most of his professional career at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
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John Locke
John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".
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John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill, also known as J.S. Mill, (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher, political economist, and civil servant.
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Kripke semantics
Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics, and often confused with possible world semantics) is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal.
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Lexical definition
The lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, is the meaning of the term in common usage.
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Lexicography
Lexicography is divided into two separate but equally important groups.
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Logical atomism
Logical atomism is a philosophical belief that originated in the early 20th century with the development of analytic philosophy.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Meaning (linguistics)
In linguistics, meaning is the information or concepts that a sender intends to convey, or does convey, in communication with a receiver.
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Medical dictionary
A medical dictionary is a lexicon for words used in medicine.
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Modal logic
Modal logic is a type of formal logic primarily developed in the 1960s that extends classical propositional and predicate logic to include operators expressing modality.
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Natural language
In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.
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Natural number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are those used for counting (as in "there are six coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the third largest city in the country").
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Necessity and sufficiency
In logic, necessity and sufficiency are terms used to describe an implicational relationship between statements.
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Norman Swartz
Norman Swartz (born 1939) is a professor emeritus (retired 1998) of philosophy, Simon Fraser University.
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Object (philosophy)
An object is a technical term in modern philosophy often used in contrast to the term subject.
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Operational definition
An operational definition is the articulation of operationalization (or statement of procedures) used in defining the terms of a process (or set of validation tests) needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon (a variable, term, or object) and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical composition, etc.
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Ostensive definition
An ostensive definition conveys the meaning of a term by pointing out examples.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.
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Peano axioms
In mathematical logic, the Peano axioms, also known as the Dedekind–Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are axioms for the natural numbers presented by the 19th century Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano.
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Persuasive definition
A persuasive definition is a form of stipulative definition which purports to describe the 'true' or 'commonly accepted' meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an uncommon or altered use, usually to support an argument for some view, or to create or alter rights, duties or crimes.
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Philosophical Investigations
Philosophical Investigations (Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, first published, posthumously, in 1953, in which Wittgenstein discusses numerous problems and puzzles in the fields of semantics, logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of action, and philosophy of mind.
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Phrase
In everyday speech, a phrase may be any group of words, often carrying a special idiomatic meaning; in this sense it is roughly synonymous with expression.
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Polysemy
Polysemy (or; from πολυ-, poly-, "many" and σῆμα, sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a sign (such as a word, phrase, or symbol) to have multiple meanings (that is, multiple semes or sememes and thus multiple senses), usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field.
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Pope Gregory I
Pope Saint Gregory I (Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him.
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Possible world
In philosophy and logic, the concept of a possible world is used to express modal claims.
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Posterior Analytics
The Posterior Analytics (Ἀναλυτικὰ Ὕστερα; Analytica Posteriora) is a text from Aristotle's Organon that deals with demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge.
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Precising definition
A precising definition is a definition that extends the lexical definition of a term for a specific purpose by including additional criteria that narrow down the set of things meeting the definition.
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Prime minister
A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.
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Primitive notion
In mathematics, logic, and formal systems, a primitive notion is an undefined concept.
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Principle of individuation
The principle of individuation is a criterion that individuates or numerically distinguishes the members of the kind for which it is given, that is by which we can supposedly determine, regarding any kind of thing, when we have more than one of them or not.
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Private language argument
The private language argument argues that a language understandable by only a single individual is incoherent, and was introduced by Ludwig Wittgenstein in his later work, especially in the Philosophical Investigations.
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Quadrilateral
In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners.
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Ramsey–Lewis method
The Ramsey–Lewis method is a method for defining terms found in theoretical frameworks (such as in scientific theories), credited to Frank P. Ramsey and David Lewis.
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Rectangle
In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles.
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Recursion
Recursion occurs when a thing is defined in terms of itself or of its type.
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Recursive definition
A recursive definition (or inductive definition) in mathematical logic and computer science is used to define the elements in a set in terms of other elements in the set (Aczel 1978:740ff).
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Regress argument
The regress argument (also known as the diallelus (Latin) or diallelon, from Greek di allelon "through or by means of one another") is a problem in epistemology and, in general, a problem in any situation where a statement has to be justified.
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Rhombus
In plane Euclidean geometry, a rhombus (plural rhombi or rhombuses) is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length.
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Rigid designator
In modal logic and the philosophy of language, a term is said to be a rigid designator or absolute substantial term when it designates (picks out, denotes, refers to) the same thing in all possible worlds in which that thing exists and does not designate anything else in those possible worlds in which that thing does not exist.
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Saul Kripke
Saul Aaron Kripke (born November 13, 1940) is an American philosopher and logician.
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Scholasticism
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics", or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context.
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Self-reference
Self-reference occurs in natural or formal languages when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself.
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Semantic field
In linguistics, a semantic field is a set of words grouped semantically (by meaning) that refers to a specific subject.
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Semantics
Semantics (from σημαντικός sēmantikós, "significant") is the linguistic and philosophical study of meaning, in language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.
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Seme (semantics)
Seme, the smallest unit of meaning recognized in semantics, refers to a single characteristic of a sememe.
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Sememe
A sememe is a semantic language unit of meaning, analogous to a morpheme.
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Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right.
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Seven deadly sins
The seven deadly sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a grouping and classification of vices within Christian teachings.
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Sign (semiotics)
In semiotics, a sign is anything that communicates a meaning that is not the sign itself to the interpreter of the sign.
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.
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Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B, or equivalently B is a superset of A, if A is "contained" inside B, that is, all elements of A are also elements of B. A and B may coincide.
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Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship.
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Symbol grounding problem
The symbol grounding problem is related to the problem of how words (symbols) get their meanings, and hence to the problem of what meaning itself really is.
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Theoretical definition
A theoretical definition is an abstract concept that defines a term in an academic discipline.
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Theory of descriptions
The theory of descriptions is the philosopher Bertrand Russell's most significant contribution to the philosophy of language.
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Triangle
A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices.
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Vicious circle principle
The vicious circle principle is a principle that was endorsed by many predicativist mathematicians in the early 20th century to prevent contradictions.
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Vish (game)
In the game of Vish (short for vicious circle), players compete to find circularity in dictionary definitions.
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Word
In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning.
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Word sense
In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word (some words have multiple meanings, some words have only one meaning).
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definition
