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Desalination

Index Desalination

Desalination is a process that extracts mineral components from saline water. [1]

166 relations: Acrylamide, Adelaide Desalination Plant, Aircraft carrier, Albatross, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Alexander Zarchin, Aquaver, Aristotle, Atmospheric water generator, Australian Renewable Energy Agency, Bangkok, Basil of Caesarea, Beijing, Biocide, Biofouling, Biological membrane, Biomimetics, Brine, Bungendore, By-product, Calcium carbonate, Carlsbad, California, Centrifuge, CETO, Chennai, Chlorine, Claude "Bud" Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant, Cogeneration, Colloid, Congressional Research Service, Constructed wetland, Countercurrent exchange, Crystal, Dewvaporation, Diesel generator, Dissolved organic carbon, Distillation, Dow Chemical Company, Drinking water, DuPont, Electrodialysis, Emu Downs Wind Farm, Energy in the United States, Energy Recovery, Euthyroid, Evaporation pond, Flash evaporation, Flexible barge, Forward osmosis, Fossil fuel, ..., Fouling, Fresh water, Garden Island (Western Australia), Geothermal desalination, Gold Coast Desalination Plant, Government of Australia, Greenhouse, Greenhouse gas, Groundwater, Gulhi (Kaafu Atoll), Gull, Harare, Hydraulic fracturing, International Desalination Association, Ion, Irrigation, Jeddah, Jubail, Kuwait, Lakshadweep, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Limescale, Lonsdale, South Australia, Low-temperature thermal desalination, Maldives, Mangrove, Marine habitats, Maude Barlow, Membrane distillation, Meteorology (Aristotle), Mexico City, Middle East, Multi-stage flash distillation, Multiple-effect distillation, Na+/K+-ATPase, Nanotube membrane, Natural gas, New Delhi, New South Wales, North Africa, North American Free Trade Agreement, Nuclear power, Ocean thermal energy conversion, Oil tanker, Pacific Institute, Peak water, Pelican, Perth, Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, Peter Gleick, Petrel, Phoenix, Arizona, Phosphonate, Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyphosphate, Pressure exchanger, Protector (1779 frigate), Pumpable ice technology, Ras Al-Khair Power and Desalination Plant, Reclaimed water, Reed (plant), Renewable energy, Rete mirabile, Reverse osmosis, Reverse osmosis plant, Riyadh, Room temperature, SahysMod, Saline water, Salt gland, SaltMod, San Diego, Saudi Arabia, Sea ice, Seawater, Seawater desalination in Australia, Seawater greenhouse, Sewage, Sewage treatment, Ship, Sodium, Sodium chloride, Soil salinity, Soil salinity control, Solar desalination, Solar still, Still, Submarine, Sydney, Sydney Desalination Plant, Tampa Bay Water, Tern, The McClatchy Company, The Wall Street Journal, Tony Clarke (activist), Tripoli, United States, United States Department of the Interior, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Vacuum distillation, Vapor pressure, Vapor-compression desalination, Vapor-compression evaporation, Victorian Desalination Plant, Waste heat, Wastewater, Water conservation, Water cycle, Water scarcity, Water supply, Wave power, Willow, Wonthaggi, World Nuclear Association, Yanbu, Zaragoza. Expand index (116 more) »

Acrylamide

Acrylamide (or acrylic amide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C3H5NO.

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Adelaide Desalination Plant

The Adelaide Desalination plant (ADP), formerly known as the Port Stanvac Desalination Plant, is a sea water reverse osmosis desalination plant located in Lonsdale, South Australia which has the capacity to provide the city of Adelaide with up to 50% of its drinking water needs.

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Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

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Albatross

Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariids, storm petrels and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses).

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Alexander of Aphrodisias

Alexander of Aphrodisias (Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς; fl. 200 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle.

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Alexander Zarchin

Alexander Zarchin (1897-1988) was a Ukrainian-Israeli chemist and inventor.

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Aquaver

Aquaver is a cleantech company headquartered in Voorburg, Netherlands, with offices at the High Tech Campus Eindhoven.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Atmospheric water generator

An atmospheric water generator (AWG) is a device that extracts water from humid ambient air.

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Australian Renewable Energy Agency

The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) is an independent agency of the Australian federal government, established in 2012 to manage Australia's renewable energy programs, with the objective of increasing supply and competitiveness of Australian renewable energy sources.

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Bangkok

Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand.

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Basil of Caesarea

Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (Ἅγιος Βασίλειος ὁ Μέγας, Ágios Basíleios o Mégas, Ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲟⲥ; 329 or 330 – January 1 or 2, 379), was the bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey).

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Biocide

A biocide is defined in the European legislation as a chemical substance or microorganism intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical or biological means.

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Biofouling

Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on wetted surfaces.

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Biological membrane

A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating membrane that acts as a selectively permeable barrier within living things.

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Biomimetics

Biomimetics or biomimicry is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.

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Brine

Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.

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Bungendore

Bungendore is a town in the Queanbeyan Region of New South Wales, Australia, in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council.

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By-product

A by-product is a secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction.

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Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.

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Carlsbad, California

Carlsbad is an affluent seaside resort city occupying a stretch of Pacific coastline in northern San Diego County, California.

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Centrifuge

A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis (spins it in a circle), applying a force perpendicular to the axis of spin (outward) that can be very strong.

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CETO

CETO is a wave-energy technology that converts kinetic energy from ocean swell into electrical power and (in CETO 5) directly desalinates freshwater through reverse osmosis.

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Chennai

Chennai (formerly known as Madras or) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

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Claude "Bud" Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant

The Claude "Bud" Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant is a desalination plant that opened on December 14, 2015 in Carlsbad, California, adjacent to the north end of the Encina Power Station.

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Cogeneration

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.

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Colloid

In chemistry, a colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.

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Congressional Research Service

The Congressional Research Service (CRS), known as Congress's think tank, is a public policy research arm of the United States Congress.

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Constructed wetland

A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat municipal or industrial wastewater, greywater or stormwater runoff.

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Countercurrent exchange

Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other.

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Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

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Dewvaporation

Dewvaporation is a novel desalination technology developed at Arizona State University (Tempe) as an energy efficient tool for freshwater procurement and saline waste stream management.

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Diesel generator

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy.

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Dissolved organic carbon

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), sometimes known as dissolved organic material (DOM), is a broad classification for organic molecules of varied origin and composition within aquatic systems.

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Distillation

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.

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Dow Chemical Company

The Dow Chemical Company, commonly referred to as Dow, is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States, and the predecessor of the merged company DowDuPont.

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Drinking water

Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.

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DuPont

E.

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Electrodialysis

Electrodialysis (ED) is used to transport salt ions from one solution through ion-exchange membranes to another solution under the influence of an applied electric potential difference.

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Emu Downs Wind Farm

The Emu Downs Wind Farm is a 79.2 MW wind farm in Western Australia.

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Energy in the United States

The United States was the second-largest energy consumer in 2010 (after China) considering total use.

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Energy Recovery

Energy Recovery Inc. (NASDAQ: ERII) manufactures energy recovery devices for oil and gas, chemical and water industries globally.

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Euthyroid

Euthyroid is the state of having normal thyroid gland function.

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Evaporation pond

Evaporation ponds are artificial ponds with very large surface areas that are designed to efficiently evaporate water by sunlight and exposure to the ambient temperatures.

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Flash evaporation

Flash (or partial) evaporation is the partial vapor that occurs when a saturated liquid stream undergoes a reduction in pressure by passing through a throttling valve or other throttling device.

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Flexible barge

A flexible barge is a fabric barge (non-rigid) for the transportation of bulk fresh water or other liquid bulk items such as chemicals or oil.

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Forward osmosis

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that, like reverse osmosis (RO), uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved solutes.

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Fossil fuel

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.

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Fouling

Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces to the detriment of function.

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Fresh water

Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.

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Garden Island (Western Australia)

Garden Island is a slender island about long and wide, lying about off the Western Australian coast, to which it is now linked by a man-made causeway.

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Geothermal desalination

Geothermal desalination is a process under development for the production of fresh water using heat energy.

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Gold Coast Desalination Plant

The Gold Coast desalination plant is a reverse osmosis, water desalination plant located in Tugun, a seaside suburb of the Gold Coast.

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Government of Australia

The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Government, or the Federal Government) is the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

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Greenhouse

A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown.

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Greenhouse gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.

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Groundwater

Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

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Gulhi (Kaafu Atoll)

Gulhi (Dhivehi: ގުޅި) is one of the inhabited islands of Kaafu Atoll.

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Gull

Gulls or seagulls are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari.

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Harare

Harare (officially named Salisbury until 1982) is the capital and most populous city of Zimbabwe.

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Hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing (also fracking, fraccing, frac'ing, hydrofracturing or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid.

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International Desalination Association

The International Desalination Association (IDA) is the world's leading resource for information and professional development for the global desalination industry – and the only global association focused exclusively on desalination and desalination technologies.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).

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Irrigation

Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

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Jeddah

Jeddah (sometimes spelled Jiddah or Jedda;; جدة, Hejazi pronunciation) is a city in the Hijaz Tihamah region on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest seaport on the Red Sea, and with a population of about four million people, the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. Jeddah is Saudi Arabia's commercial capital. Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca and Medina, two of the holiest cities in Islam and popular tourist attractions. Economically, Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East. Jeddah was independently ranked fourth in the Africa – Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index. Jeddah is one of Saudi Arabia's primary resort cities and was named a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). Given the city's close proximity to the Red Sea, fishing and seafood dominates the food culture unlike other parts of the country. In Arabic, the city's motto is "Jeddah Ghair," which translates to "Jeddah is different." The motto has been widely used among both locals as well as foreign visitors. The city had been previously perceived as the "most open" city in Saudi Arabia.

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Jubail

Jubail (الجبيل, Al Jubayl) is a city in the Eastern province on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia.

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Kuwait

Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.

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Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep (Lakshadīb), formerly known as the Laccadive, Minicoy, and Aminidivi Islands, is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea, off the southwestern coast of India.

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is an American federal research facility in Livermore, California, United States, founded by the University of California, Berkeley in 1952.

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Limescale

Limescale is the hard, off-white, chalky deposit found in kettles, hot-water boilers and the inside of inadequately maintained hot-water central heating systems.

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Lonsdale, South Australia

Lonsdale is an industrial suburb south of Adelaide, South Australia, within the City of Onkaparinga.

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Low-temperature thermal desalination

Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a desalination technique which takes advantage of the fact that water evaporates at lower temperatures at low pressures, even as low as ambient temperature.

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Maldives

The Maldives (or; ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Dhivehi Raa'jey), officially the Republic of Maldives, is a South Asian sovereign state, located in the Indian Ocean, situated in the Arabian Sea.

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Mangrove

A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.

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Marine habitats

The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life.

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Maude Barlow

Maude Victoria Barlow (born May 24, 1947) is a Canadian author and activist.

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Membrane distillation

Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven separational program in which separation is enabled due to phase change.

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Meteorology (Aristotle)

Meteorology (Greek: Μετεωρολογικά; Latin: Meteorologica or Meteora) is a treatise by Aristotle.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Multi-stage flash distillation

Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) is a water desalination process that distills sea water by flashing a portion of the water into steam in multiple stages of what are essentially countercurrent heat exchangers.

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Multiple-effect distillation

Multiple-effect distillation (MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination.

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Na+/K+-ATPase

-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the pump or sodium–potassium pump) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.

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Nanotube membrane

Nanotube membranes are either a single, open-ended nanotube(CNT) or a film composed of an array of nanotubes that are oriented perpendicularly to the surface of an impermeable film matrix like the cells of a honeycomb.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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New Delhi

New Delhi is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of Government of India.

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New South Wales

New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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North American Free Trade Agreement

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

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Ocean thermal energy conversion

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity.

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Oil tanker

An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil or its products.

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Pacific Institute

The Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security is an American non-profit research institute created in 1987 to provide independent research and policy analysis on issues of development, environment, and security, with a particular focus on global and regional freshwater issues.

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Peak water

Peak water is a concept that underlines the growing constraints on the availability, quality, and use of freshwater resources.

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Pelican

Pelicans are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae.

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Perth

Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia.

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Perth Seawater Desalination Plant

The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, located south of Perth, Western Australia, turns seawater from Cockburn Sound into nearly 140 megalitres of drinking water per day, supplying the Perth metropolitan area.

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Peter Gleick

Peter H. Gleick (born 1956) is an American scientist working on issues related to the environment.

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Petrel

Petrels are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes.

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Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Phosphonate

Phosphonates and phosphonic acids are organophosphorus compounds containing C−PO(OH)2 or C−PO(OR)2 groups (where R.

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Polyethylene terephthalate

Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fibre for engineering resins.

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Polyphosphate

Polyphosphates are salts or esters of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms.

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Pressure exchanger

directly from a high pressure stream to a low pressure stream. --> A pressure exchanger transfers pressure energy from a high pressure fluid stream to a low pressure fluid stream.

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Protector (1779 frigate)

Protector was a frigate of the Massachusetts Navy, launched in 1779.

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Pumpable ice technology

Pumpable ice (PI) technology is a technology to produce and use fluids or secondary refrigerants, also called coolants, with the viscosity of water or jelly and the cooling capacity of ice.

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Ras Al-Khair Power and Desalination Plant

The Ras Al-Khair Power and Desalination Plant is a power and desalination plant located in Ras Al-Khair on the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia.

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Reclaimed water

Reclaimed or recycled water (also called wastewater reuse or water reclamation) is the process of converting wastewater into water that can be reused for other purposes.

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Reed (plant)

Reed is a common name for several tall, grass-like plants of wetlands.

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Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

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Rete mirabile

A rete mirabile (Latin for "wonderful net"; plural retia mirabilia) is a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other, found in some vertebrates, mainly warm-blooded ones.

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Reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water.

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Reverse osmosis plant

A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place.

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Riyadh

Riyadh (/rɨˈjɑːd/; الرياض ar-Riyāḍ Najdi pronunciation) is the capital and most populous city of Saudi Arabia.

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Room temperature

Colloquially, room temperature is the range of air temperatures that most people prefer for indoor settings, which feel comfortable when wearing typical indoor clothing.

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SahysMod

SahysMod is a computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge in irrigated agricultural lands, using different hydrogeologic and aquifer conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several crop rotation schedules, whereby the spatial variations are accounted for through a network of polygons.

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Saline water

Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl).

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Salt gland

The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.

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SaltMod

SaltMod is computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge (hydrology) in irrigated agricultural lands, using different (geo)hydrologic conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several cropping rotation schedules.

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San Diego

San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Sea ice

Sea ice arises as seawater freezes.

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Seawater

Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.

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Seawater desalination in Australia

Australia is the driest inhabitable continent on Earth and its installed desalination capacity comprises around 1% of the world’s total.

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Seawater greenhouse

A seawater greenhouse is a greenhouse structure that enables the growth of crops in arid regions, using seawater and solar energy.

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Sewage

Sewage (or domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced from a community of people.

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Sewage treatment

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.

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Ship

A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying passengers or goods, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.

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Soil salinity

Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization.

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Soil salinity control

Soil salinity control relates to controlling the problem of soil salinity and reclaiming salinized agricultural land.

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Solar desalination

Solar desalination is a technique to desalinate water using solar energy.

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Solar still

A solar still distills water, using the heat of the Sun to evaporate, cool then collect the water.

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Still

A still is an apparatus used to distill liquid mixtures by heating to selectively boil and then cooling to condense the vapor.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Sydney

Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Sydney Desalination Plant

The Sydney Desalination Plant is a potable drinking water desalination plant that forms part of the water supply system of Greater Metropolitan Sydney.

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Tampa Bay Water

Tampa Bay Water (TBW) is a regional wholesale drinking water utility that serves customers in the Tampa Bay, Florida region.

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Tern

Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands.

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The McClatchy Company

The McClatchy Company is a publicly traded American publishing company based in Sacramento, California.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Tony Clarke (activist)

Tony Clarke (born 1944) is a Canadian activist.

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Tripoli

Tripoli (طرابلس,; Berber: Oea, or Wy't) is the capital city and the largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.1 million people in 2015.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Department of the Interior

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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Vacuum distillation

Vacuum distillation is a method of distillation performed under reduced pressure.

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Vapor pressure

Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.

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Vapor-compression desalination

Vapor-compression desalination (VC) refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of sea or saline water is obtained by the application of heat delivered by compressed vapor.

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Vapor-compression evaporation

Vapor-compression evaporation is the evaporation method by which a blower, compressor or jet ejector is used to compress, and thus, increase the pressure of the vapor produced.

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Victorian Desalination Plant

The Victorian Desalination Plant (also referred to as the Victorian Desalination Project or Wonthaggi desalination plant) is a water desalination plant in Dalyston, on the Bass Coast in southern Victoria, Australia.

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Waste heat

Waste heat is heat that is produced by a machine, or other process that uses energy, as a byproduct of doing work.

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Wastewater

Wastewater (or waste water) is any water that has been affected by human use.

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Water conservation

Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand.

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Water cycle

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

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Water scarcity

Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand.

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Water supply

Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.

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Wave power

Wave power is the capture of energy of wind waves to do useful work – for example, electricity generation, water desalination, or pumping water.

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Willow

Willows, also called sallows, and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997.

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Wonthaggi

Wonthaggi is a seaside town located south east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland and Bass Highways, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.

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World Nuclear Association

The World Nuclear Association (WNA) is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the companies that comprise the global nuclear industry.

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Yanbu

Yanbu' al Bahr (ينبع البحر,, "spring by the sea"), also known simply as Yanbu, Yambo or Yenbo, is a major Red Sea port in the Al Madinah Province of western Saudi Arabia.

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Zaragoza

Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

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