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60 relations: African-American Vernacular English, Bremen, Bristol Channel, British English, British Isles, Coal mining, Commerce, Communication accommodation theory, Creole language, Danish language, Detroit, Dialect, English language, Etymology, German language, Hamburg, Hanseatic League, Hiberno-English, Industrialisation, Inner city, Jacob Grimm, Jenny Cheshire, Koiné language, Language contact, Language death, Language shift, Latin, Leonard Bloomfield, Lingua franca, Linguistic discrimination, Linguistic prescription, Linguistic purism, Low German, Mainland Chinese, Martin Luther, Mass media, Māori people, Modernization theory, Monophthongization, Morpheme, Multilingualism, Netherlands, New Zealand English, Obstruent, Prestige (sociolinguistics), Province of Limburg (1815–39), Relexification, Rimburg, Ripuarian language, Rudolf von Raumer, ..., Social network, Social status, Sound change, Standard German, Standard language, Swedish language, Taiwan, Taiwanese Mandarin, Technology, Variation (linguistics). Expand index (10 more) »
African-American Vernacular English
African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), known less precisely as Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), Black Vernacular English (BVE), or colloquially Ebonics (a controversial term), is the variety (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of English natively spoken by most working- and middle-class African Americans and some Black Canadians, particularly in urban communities.
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Bremen
The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.
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Bristol Channel
The Bristol Channel (Môr Hafren) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset in South West England.
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British English
British English is the standard dialect of English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom.
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British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.
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Coal mining
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground.
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Commerce
Commerce relates to "the exchange of goods and services, especially on a large scale.” Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that operate in any country or internationally.
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Communication accommodation theory
Communication accommodation theory (CAT) is a theory of communication developed by Howard Giles.
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Creole language
A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages at a fairly sudden point in time: often, a pidgin transitioned into a full, native language.
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Danish language
Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status.
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Detroit
Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.
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Dialect
The term dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word,, "discourse", from,, "through" and,, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Etymology
EtymologyThe New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.
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Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League (Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; Standard German: Deutsche Hanse; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.
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Hiberno-English
Hiberno‐English (from Latin Hibernia: "Ireland") or Irish English is the set of English dialects natively written and spoken within the island of Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).
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Industrialisation
Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
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Inner city
The inner city or inner town is the central area of a major city or metropolis.
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Jacob Grimm
Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863) also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German philologist, jurist, and mythologist.
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Jenny Cheshire
Jenny L. Cheshire is a British sociolinguist and professor at Queen Mary University of London.
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Koiné language
In linguistics, a koiné language, koiné dialect, or simply koiné (Ancient Greek κοινή, "common ") is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two or more mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) of the same language.
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Language contact
Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.
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Language death
In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker.
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Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended period of time.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Leonard Bloomfield
Leonard Bloomfield (April 1, 1887 – April 18, 1949) was an American linguist who led the development of structural linguistics in the United States during the 1930s and the 1940s.
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Lingua franca
A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.
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Linguistic discrimination
Linguistic discrimination (also called linguicism and languagism) is the unfair treatment of an individual based solely on his or her use of language.
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Linguistic prescription
Linguistic prescription, or prescriptive grammar, is the attempt to lay down rules defining correct use of language.
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Linguistic purism
Linguistic purism or linguistic protectionism is the practice of defining or recognizing one variety of a language as being purer or of intrinsically higher quality than other varieties.
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Low German
Low German or Low Saxon (Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Plattduitsk, Nedersaksies; Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch; Nederduits) is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands.
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Mainland Chinese
Mainland Chinese or Mainlanders are Chinese people who live in a region considered a "mainland".
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Martin Luther
Martin Luther, (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation.
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Mass media
The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication.
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Māori people
The Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand.
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Modernization theory
Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies.
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Monophthongization
Monophthongization is a sound change by which a diphthong becomes a monophthong, a type of vowel shift.
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Morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.
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Multilingualism
Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New Zealand English
New Zealand English (NZE) is the variant of the English language spoken by most English-speaking New Zealanders.
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Obstruent
An obstruent is a speech sound such as,, or that is formed by obstructing airflow.
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Prestige (sociolinguistics)
Prestige is the level of regard normally accorded a specific language or dialect within a speech community, relative to other languages or dialects.
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Province of Limburg (1815–39)
Limburg was one of the provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and later Belgium.
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Relexification
In linguistics, relexification is a mechanism of language change by which one language changes much or all of its lexicon, including basic vocabulary, with the lexicon of another language, without drastically changing the relexified language's grammar.
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Rimburg
Rimburg is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg.
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Ripuarian language
Ripuarian (also Ripuarian Franconian or Ripuarisch Platt) is a German dialect group, part of the West Central German language group.
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Rudolf von Raumer
Rudolf von Raumer (14 April 1815, Breslau – 30 August 1876, Erlangen) was a German philologist and linguist, known for his extensive research of the German language.
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Social network
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.
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Social status
Social status is the relative respect, competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society.
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Sound change
Sound change includes any processes of language change that affect pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change).
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Standard German
Standard German, High German or more precisely Standard High German (Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch, or in Swiss Schriftdeutsch) is the standardized variety of the German language used in formal contexts, and for communication between different dialect areas.
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Standard language
A standard language or standard variety may be defined either as a language variety used by a population for public purposes or as a variety that has undergone standardization.
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Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Taiwanese Mandarin
Taiwanese Mandarin is a dialect of Chinese and the de facto official language of Taiwan.
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Technology
Technology ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia) is first robustly defined by Jacob Bigelow in 1829 as: "...principles, processes, and nomenclatures of the more conspicuous arts, particularly those which involve applications of science, and which may be considered useful, by promoting the benefit of society, together with the emolument of those who pursue them".
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Variation (linguistics)
Variation is a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing.
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Accent levelling, Dialect leveling.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect_levelling
