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229 relations: Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Achnanthales, Alveolate, Amazon basin, Anatomy, Animal, Antarctica, Antipodes, Archaea, Asexual reproduction, Australia, Autotroph, Auxospore, École normale supérieure (Paris), Bacillaria paxillifer, Bacillariaceae, Bacteria, Barnacle, Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier, Bay mud, Benthos, Beta-Carotene, Bicarbonate, Biogenic silica, Biogeochemical cycle, Biological pigment, Biological pump, Biome, Biostratigraphy, Biosynthesis, Biozone, Buffering agent, Buoyancy, Business cycle, Carotenoid, Cause of death, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Cell wall, Cenozoic, Chemostat, Chitin, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorophyll, Chloroplast, Chromalveolata, Chrysolaminarin, Clade, Cladistics, Cladophora, ..., Clay, Cocconeis, Colony (biology), Continental shelf, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cretaceous, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crypsis, Cryptomonad, Current (fluid), Cyanidioschyzon merolae, Cymatosirales, Cymbellales, Diatom, Diatomaceous earth, Didymo in New Zealand, Didymosphenia geminata, Domain (biology), Dominance (ecology), Drug delivery, Ecological niche, EE Times, Engler system, Eocene, Epitheca, Eukaryote, Eunotiales, Evidence, Evolutionary radiation, Expressed sequence tag, Filter feeder, Fish, Fission (biology), Flagellum, Forensic science, Fossil, Fragilariophyceae, Fresh water, Frustule, Fucoxanthin, Gamete, Gastrointestinal tract, Geminigeraceae, Genome, Genus, Geomagnetic reversal, Golden algae, Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst, Grassland, Green algae, Heterokont, Heterotroph, Homologous chromosome, Horizontal gene transfer, Hydrolysis, Ice sheet, In vivo, Inorganic compound, Intracellular, Invasive species, Isogamy, Jurassic, Kelp, Kingdom (biology), Linnaean taxonomy, Lipid, Mass production, Mastigoneme, Meiosis, Mesocosm, Metabolism, Microalgae, Microorganism, Miocene, MIT Press, Mole (unit), Molecular clock, Mollusca, Monomer, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Motility, Nanolithography, Nanostructure, Nanotechnology, Naviculales, Neogene, Neontology, Nitrogen, North America, Nucleomorph, Ocean, Ochrophyta, Oligocene, Oogamy, Oomycete, Organic matter, Otto Friedrich Müller, Oyster, Pacific Ocean, Paleocene, Paleoecology, Paul Silva, Pelagic zone, Peptide, Permian–Triassic extinction event, PH, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Phanerozoic, Phosphorus, Photonic crystal, Photonics, Photosensitivity, Photosynthesis, Phycology, Phylogenetics, Phylum, Phytoplankton, Pierre Dangeard, Pigment, Plankton, Plant, Pliocene, Ploidy, Poaceae, Polyamine, Polymerization, Primary production, Prokaryote, Protein dimer, Quaternary, R/K selection theory, Radiolaria, Raphe, Red algae, Rhizaria, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Sahara, SAR supergroup, Sea snot, Sedentary lifestyle, Sedimentary rock, Selective breeding, Semiconductor, Silicate, Siliceous ooze, Silicic acid, Silicon, Silicon dioxide, Silt, Soil, Southern Ocean, Species, Sponge, Spring (season), Structural coloration, Surirellales, Taxonomy (biology), Test (biology), Thalassiosira pseudonana, Thalassiosirales, Theca, Thermocline, Titanium dioxide, Transposable element, Triassic, Triceratiales, Tunicate, Turbulence, Unicellular organism, University College London, University of Bergen, University of California Museum of Paleontology, Upwelling, Urea cycle, Vaucheria, Virtual Museum of Canada, Year, Zooplankton, Zygote. Expand index (179 more) »
Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is the oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas.
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Achnanthales
Achnanthales is an order of diatoms.
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Alveolate
The alveolates (meaning "with cavities") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya, and are also called Alveolata.
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Amazon basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries.
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Anatomy
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Antipodes
In geography, the antipode of any spot on Earth is the point on Earth's surface diametrically opposite to it; the antipodes of a region similarly represent the area opposite it.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Autotroph
An autotroph ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).
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Auxospore
In certain species of diatoms, auxospores are specialised cells that are produced at key stages in their cell cycle or life history.
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École normale supérieure (Paris)
The École normale supérieure (also known as Normale sup', Ulm, ENS Paris, l'École and most often just as ENS) is one of the most selective and prestigious French grandes écoles (higher education establishment outside the framework of the public university system) and a constituent college of Université PSL.
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Bacillaria paxillifer
Bacillaria paxillifer is a diatom species in the Bacillariaceae family.
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Bacillariaceae
Bacillariaceae is a family of diatoms in the phylum Heterokontophyta, the only family in the order Bacillariales.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Barnacle
A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the infraclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters.
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Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier
Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (3 April 1797 in Tournai – 9 June 1878) was a Belgian who conducted a parallel career of botanist and Member of Parliament.
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Bay mud
Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles.
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Benthos
Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone.
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Beta-Carotene
β-Carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.
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Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
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Biogenic silica
Biogenic silica (bSi), also referred to as opal, biogenic opal, or amorphous opaline silica, forms one of the most widespread biogenic minerals.
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Biogeochemical cycle
In geography and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth.
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Biological pigment
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.
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Biological pump
The biological pump, in its simplest form, is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere to deep sea water and sediment.
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Biome
A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.
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Biostratigraphy
Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Biozone
Biostratigraphic unit or biozones are intervals of geological strata that are defined on the basis of their characteristic fossil taxa.
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Buffering agent
A buffering agent is a weak acid or base used to maintain the acidity (pH) of a solution near a chosen value after the addition of another acid or base.
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Buoyancy
In physics, buoyancy or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
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Business cycle
The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend.
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Carotenoid
Carotenoids, also called tetraterpenoids, are organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria and fungi.
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Cause of death
In law, medicine, and statistics, cause of death is a term which refers to an official determination of conditions resulting in a human's death.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane.
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Cenozoic
The Cenozoic Era meaning "new life", is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and, extending from 66 million years ago to the present day.
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Chemostat
A chemostat (from chemical environment is static) is a bioreactor to which fresh medium is continuously added, while culture liquid containing left over nutrients, metabolic end products and microorganisms are continuously removed at the same rate to keep the culture volume constant.
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Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n, a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of glucose.
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a single-cell green alga about 10 micrometres in diameter that swims with two flagella.
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
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Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.
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Chromalveolata
Chromalveolata is an eukaryote supergroup present in a major classification of 2005, then regarded as one of the six major groups within the eukaryotes.
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Chrysolaminarin
Chrysolaminarin is a linear polymer of β(1→3) and β(1→6) linked glucose units in a ratio of 11:1.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Cladistics
Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.
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Cladophora
Cladophora is a genus of reticulated filamentous Ulvophyceae (green algae).
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Clay
Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.
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Cocconeis
Cocconeis is a genus of diatoms.
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Colony (biology)
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.
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Continental shelf
The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea.
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Coscinodiscophyceae
The Coscinodiscophyceae are a class of diatoms.
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Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.
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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction, was a sudden mass extinction of some three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million years ago.
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Crypsis
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal to avoid observation or detection by other animals.
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Cryptomonad
The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) are a group of algae, most of which have plastids.
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Current (fluid)
A current in a fluid is the magnitude and direction of flow within that fluid.
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Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Cyanidioschyzon merolae is a small (2μm), club-shaped, unicellular haploid red alga adapted to high sulfur acidic hot spring environments (pH 1.5, 45 °C).
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Cymatosirales
Cymatosirales is an order of diatoms in the superorder Cymatosirophycidae.
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Cymbellales
The Cymbellales are a diatom order in the class Bacillariophyceae.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Diatomaceous earth
Diatomaceous earth – also known as D.E., diatomite, or kieselgur/kieselguhr – is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder.
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Didymo in New Zealand
In 2004 Didymosphenia geminata, a diatom commonly known as didymo or rock snot, was discovered in New Zealand, the first time it was found in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Didymosphenia geminata
Didymosphenia geminata, commonly known as didymo or rock snot, is a species of diatom that produces nuisance growths in freshwater rivers and streams with consistently cold water temperatures and low nutrient levels.
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Domain (biology)
In biological taxonomy, a domain (Latin: regio), also superkingdom or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy designed by Carl Woese, an American microbiologist and biophysicist.
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Dominance (ecology)
Ecological dominance is the degree to which a taxon is more numerous than its competitors in an ecological community, or makes up more of the biomass.
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Drug delivery
Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
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Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche (CanE, or) is the fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions.
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EE Times
EE Times (Electronic Engineering Times) is an online electronics industry magazine published in the United States by AspenCore Media an Arrow Electronics company.
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Engler system
One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or coauthored.
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Eocene
The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.
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Epitheca
Epitheca is a genus of dragonflies in the family Corduliidae.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Eunotiales
Eunotiales is an order of diatoms.
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Evidence
Evidence, broadly construed, is anything presented in support of an assertion.
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Evolutionary radiation
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity, due to adaptive change or the opening of ecospace.
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Expressed sequence tag
In genetics, an expressed sequence tag (EST) is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence.
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Filter feeder
Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Fission (biology)
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original.
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Flagellum
A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells.
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Forensic science
Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Fragilariophyceae
Fragilariophyceae is a group of pennate diatoms lacking a raphe.
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Frustule
A frustule is the hard and porous cell wall or external layer of diatoms.
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Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll, with formula C42H58O6.
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Gamete
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Geminigeraceae
Geminigeraceae is a family of cryptophytes containing the five genera Geminigera, Guillardia, Hanusia, Proteomonas and Teleaulax.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Geomagnetic reversal
A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same.
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Golden algae
The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater.
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Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst
Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst (born March 22, 1806 in Treuenbrietzen; died April 24, 1881 in Meissen) was a German botanist and mycologist.
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Grassland
Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae); however, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs.
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Green algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.
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Heterokont
The heterokonts or stramenopiles (formally, Heterokonta or Stramenopiles) are a major line of eukaryotes currently containing more than 25,000 known species.
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Heterotroph
A heterotroph (Ancient Greek ἕτερος héteros.
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Homologous chromosome
A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.
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Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Ice sheet
An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than, this is also known as continental glacier.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Inorganic compound
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks C-H bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound, but the distinction is not defined or even of particular interest.
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Intracellular
In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word intracellular means "inside the cell".
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Invasive species
An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.
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Isogamy
Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of similar morphology (similar shape and size), differing in general only in allele expression in one or more mating-type regions. Because both gametes look alike, they cannot be classified as "male" or "female". Instead, organisms undergoing isogamy are said to have different mating types, most commonly noted as "+" and "−" strains, although in some species of Basidiomycota there are more than two mating types (designated by numbers or letters). In all cases, fertilization occurs when gametes of two different mating types fuse to form a zygote.
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Jurassic
The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.
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Kelp
Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.
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Kingdom (biology)
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.
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Linnaean taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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Mass production
Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
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Mastigoneme
Mastigonemes are lateral "hairs" found covering the flagella of heterokont and cryptophyte algae.
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Mesocosm
A mesocosm (meso- or 'medium' and -cosm 'world') is any outdoor experimental system that examines the natural environment under controlled conditions.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae, typically found in freshwater and marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).
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MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States).
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Mole (unit)
The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance.
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Molecular clock
The molecular clock is a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Monomer
A monomer (mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that "can undergo polymerization thereby contributing constitutional units to the essential structure of a macromolecule".
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Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) is a private, non-profit oceanographic research center in Moss Landing, California.
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Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.
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Nanolithography
Nanolithography is the branch of nanotechnology concerned with the study and application of fabricating nanometer-scale structures, meaning patterns with at least one lateral dimension between 1 and 1,000 nm.
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Nanostructure
A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures.
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Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.
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Naviculales
The Naviculales are an order of diatoms.
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Neogene
The Neogene (informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya.
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Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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Nucleomorph
Nucleomorphs are small, vestigial eukaryotic nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids.
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Ocean
An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.
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Ochrophyta
Ochrophyta is a group of mostly photosynthetic heterokonts.
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Oligocene
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.
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Oogamy
Oogamy is the familiar form of sexual reproduction.
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Oomycete
Oomycota or oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms.
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Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter (NOM) refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments.
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Otto Friedrich Müller
Otto Friedrich Müller, also Mueller (2 November 1730 – 26 December 1784) was a Danish naturalist.
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Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.
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Paleocene
The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "old recent", is a geological epoch that lasted from about.
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Paleoecology
Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales.
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Paul Silva
Paul Claude Silva (October 31, 1922 – June 12, 2014) was a phycologist, marine biologist, and algal taxonomist considered to be the world's leading expert in the Chlorophyte green algal genus, Codium.
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Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Permian–Triassic extinction event
The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr or P–T) extinction event, colloquially known as the Great Dying, the End-Permian Extinction or the Great Permian Extinction, occurred about 252 Ma (million years) ago, forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a diatom.
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Phanerozoic
The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
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Photonic crystal
A photonic crystal is a periodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons in much the same way that ionic lattices affect electrons in solids.
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Photonics
Photonics is the physical science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and detection/sensing.
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Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phycology
Phycology (from Greek φῦκος, phykos, "seaweed"; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of algae.
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Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.
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Phylum
In biology, a phylum (plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class.
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Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.
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Pierre Dangeard
Pierre Jean-Louis Dangeard (18 February 1895 in Poitiers, France – 23 August 1970 in Pléneuf-Val-André, France) was a French botanist.
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Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Pliocene
The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Poaceae
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses, commonly referred to collectively as grass.
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Polyamine
A polyamine is an organic compound having more than two amino groups.
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Polymerization
In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks.
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Primary production
Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary-production potential, and not an actual estimate of it. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE. In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Quaternary
Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).
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R/K selection theory
In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring.
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Radiolaria
The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.The elaborate mineral skeleton is usually made of silica.
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Raphe
Raphe (from Greek ῥαφή, "seam"Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.) has several different meanings in science.
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Red algae
The red algae, or Rhodophyta, are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
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Rhizaria
The Rhizaria are a species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes.
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Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction.
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Sahara
The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.
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SAR supergroup
Sar or Harosa (informally the SAR supergroup) is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria.
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Sea snot
Sea snot or marine mucilage is a collection of mucus-like organic matter found in the sea.
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Sedentary lifestyle
A sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle with little or no physical activity.
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Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
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Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
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Semiconductor
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.
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Silicate
In chemistry, a silicate is any member of a family of anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula, where 0 ≤ x Silicate anions are often large polymeric molecules with an extense variety of structures, including chains and rings (as in polymeric metasilicate), double chains (as in, and sheets (as in. In geology and astronomy, the term silicate is used to mean silicate minerals, ionic solids with silicate anions; as well as rock types that consist predominantly of such minerals. In that context, the term also includes the non-ionic compound silicon dioxide (silica, quartz), which would correspond to x.
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Siliceous ooze
Siliceous ooze is a siliceous pelagic sediment that covers large areas of the deep ocean floor.
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Silicic acid
Silicic acid is the general name for a family of chemical compounds containing the element silicon attached to oxide and hydroxyl groups, with the general formula n or,equivalently, n. They are generally colorless and sparingly soluble in water.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
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Silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.
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Soil
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.
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Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal Metazoa clade as sister of the Diploblasts.
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Spring (season)
Spring is one of the four conventional temperate seasons, following winter and preceding summer.
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Structural coloration
Structural coloration is the production of colour by microscopically structured surfaces fine enough to interfere with visible light, sometimes in combination with pigments.
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Surirellales
Surirellales is an order of diatoms.
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Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
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Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical marine animals, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae.
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Thalassiosira pseudonana
Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric diatoms.
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Thalassiosirales
Thalassiosirales is an order of centric diatoms.
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Theca
A theca (plural thecae) refers to a sheath or a covering.
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Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake) or air (such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.
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Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula.
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Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
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Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period Mya.
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Triceratiales
Triceratiales is an order of diatoms.
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Tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.
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Turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.
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Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
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University College London
University College London (UCL) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.
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University of Bergen
The University of Bergen (Universitetet i Bergen) is a public university located in Bergen, Norway.
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University of California Museum of Paleontology
The University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) is a paleontology museum located on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
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Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
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Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3).
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Vaucheria
Vaucheria is a genus of Xanthophyceae or yellow-green algae.
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Virtual Museum of Canada
The Virtual Museum of Canada (VMC) is Canada's national virtual museum.
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Year
A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.
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Zooplankton
Zooplankton are heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) plankton.
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Zygote
A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
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Redirects here:
Bacillariophyceae, Bacillariophyta, Bacilleriaceae, Diatomacea, Diatomaceae, Diatomea, Diatomist, Diatomophyceae, Diatoms.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom
