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67 relations: Affricate consonant, Africa, Airstream mechanism, Approximant consonant, Arabic, Australia, British English, Central Africa, Click consonant, Co-articulated consonant, Consonant cluster, Contrast (linguistics), Coronal consonant, Dagbani language, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dental consonant, Dorsal consonant, Ejective consonant, Ejective-contour clicks, English language, Epiglottis, Flap consonant, Fricative consonant, Glottal consonant, Glottis, Hadza language, Isoko language, Japanese language, Kinyarwanda, Labial consonant, Labial–coronal consonant, Labial–velar consonant, Labialization, Labialized palatal approximant, Laminal consonant, Laryngoscopy, Lese language, Mamvu language, Mangbutu–Lese languages, Manner of articulation, Maung language, New Guinea, Nigeria, Nzema language, Optical fiber, Peter Ladefoged, Pharyngeal consonant, Phonation, Place of articulation, Postalveolar consonant, ..., Pulmonic-contour clicks, Secondary articulation, Soft palate, Somali language, Swedish language, Trill consonant, Uganda, Unreleased stop, Uvular trill, Uvular–epiglottal consonant, Velar consonant, Vietnamese phonology, Voiceless labial–velar stop, Voiceless labialized velar approximant, Voiceless velar fricative, West Africa, Yele language. Expand index (17 more) »
Affricate consonant
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).
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Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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Airstream mechanism
In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract.
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Approximant consonant
Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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British English
British English is the standard dialect of English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom.
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Central Africa
Central Africa is the core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.
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Click consonant
Click consonants, or clicks, are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in three languages of East Africa.
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Co-articulated consonant
Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation.
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Consonant cluster
In linguistics, a consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel.
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Contrast (linguistics)
In semantics, contrast is a relationship between two discourse segments.
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Coronal consonant
Coronal consonants are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue.
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Dagbani language
Dagbani (or Dagbane), also known as Dagbanli and Dagbanle, is a Gur language spoken in Ghana.
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo), also known as DR Congo, the DRC, Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo, is a country located in Central Africa.
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Dental consonant
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.
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Dorsal consonant
Dorsal consonants are articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum).
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Ejective consonant
In phonetics, ejective consonants are usually voiceless consonants that are pronounced with a glottalic egressive airstream.
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Ejective-contour clicks
Ejective-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-glottalic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ejective sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Epiglottis
The epiglottis is a flap in the throat that keeps food from entering the windpipe and the lungs.
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Flap consonant
In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.
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Fricative consonant
Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
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Glottal consonant
Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.
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Glottis
The glottis is defined as the opening between the vocal folds (the rima glottidis).
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Hadza language
Hadza is a language isolate spoken along the shores of Lake Eyasi in Tanzania by around 1,000 Hadza people, the last full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa.
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Isoko language
The Isoko language is spoken by the Isoko people in the Niger Delta of Southern Nigeria; specifically in regions of Delta and Bayelsa States.
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Japanese language
is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language.
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Kinyarwanda
Kinyarwanda; known as Igifumbira in Uganda) is an official language of Rwanda and a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language spoken by 12 million people in Rwanda, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent parts of southern Uganda. (The Kirundi dialect is the official language of neighbouring Burundi.) Kinyarwanda is one of the four official languages of Rwanda (along with English, French and Kiswahili) and is spoken by almost all of the native population. That contrasts with most modern African states, whose borders were drawn by colonial powers and do not correspond to ethnic boundaries or precolonial kingdoms.
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Labial consonant
Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.
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Labial–coronal consonant
A labial–coronal consonant is a consonant produced with two simultaneous articulators: With the lips ('labial'; a p, b, or m sound), and with the tongue (at the gums, an 'alveolar' t, d, or n sound, or further back, a 'post-alveolar' ch, j, or ny sound).
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Labial–velar consonant
Labial–velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips, such as.
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Labialization
Labialization is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages.
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Labialized palatal approximant
The labialized palatal approximant, also called the labial–palatal or labio-palatal approximant, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Laminal consonant
A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue on the top.
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Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy is endoscopy of the larynx, a part of the throat.
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Lese language
Lese is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Congo-Kinshasa, as well as a name for the people who speak this language.
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Mamvu language
Mamvu is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Congo.
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Mangbutu–Lese languages
The Mangbutu–Lese languages of the Central Sudanic language family, also known as Mangbutu–Efe or simply Mangbutu (e.g. Starostin 2016), are a cluster of closely related languages spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.
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Manner of articulation
In articulatory phonetics, the manner of articulation is the configuration and interaction of the articulators (speech organs such as the tongue, lips, and palate) when making a speech sound.
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Maung language
Maung (Mawung, Mawng, Gun-marung) is an Australian aboriginal language spoken by the Maung people on the Goulburn Islands, off the north coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia.
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New Guinea
New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.
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Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.
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Nzema language
Nzema (Nzima), also known as Appolo, is a Central Tano language spoken by the Nzema people of southwestern Ghana and southeast Ivory Coast.
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Optical fiber
An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.
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Peter Ladefoged
Peter Nielsen Ladefoged (17 September 1925 – 24 January 2006) was a British linguist and phonetician who travelled the world to document the distinct sounds of endangered languages and pioneered ways to collect and study data.
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Pharyngeal consonant
A pharyngeal consonant is a consonant that is articulated primarily in the pharynx.
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Phonation
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics.
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Place of articulation
In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator (typically some part of the tongue), and a passive location (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).
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Postalveolar consonant
Postalveolar consonants (sometimes spelled post-alveolar) are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants.
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Pulmonic-contour clicks
Pulmonic-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-pulmonic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ordinary pulmonic sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click.
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Secondary articulation
Secondary articulation occurs when the articulation of a consonant is equivalent to the combined articulations of two or three simpler consonants, at least one of which is an approximant.
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Soft palate
The soft palate (also known as the velum or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.
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Somali language
Somali Retrieved on 21 September 2013 (Af-Soomaali) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch.
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Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.
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Trill consonant
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.
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Uganda
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East Africa.
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Unreleased stop
A stop with no audible release, also known as an unreleased stop or an applosive, is a stop consonant with no release burst: no audible indication of the end of its occlusion (hold).
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Uvular trill
The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Uvular–epiglottal consonant
A uvular–epiglottal consonant is a doubly articulated consonant pronounced by making a simultaneous uvular consonant and epiglottal consonant.
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Velar consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).
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Vietnamese phonology
This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology.
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Voiceless labial–velar stop
The voiceless labial–velar stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless labialized velar approximant
The voiceless labialized velar (labiovelar) approximant (traditionally called a voiceless labiovelar fricative) is a type of consonantal sound, used in spoken languages.
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Voiceless velar fricative
The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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West Africa
West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.
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Yele language
The Yele language, or Yélî Dnye, is the language of Rossel Island, the easternmost island in the Louisiade Archipelago off the eastern tip of Papua New Guinea.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly_articulated_consonant
