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Table of Contents

1. 740 relations: Adolf Hitler, Aftermath of World War I, Agriculture, Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia, Aksel Airo, Albert Speer, Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Aleksei Antonov, Alexander Novikov, Alfred A. Knopf, Alfred Jodl, Allied Commission, Allied invasion of Sicily, Allied-occupied Austria, Allied-occupied Germany, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, American Journal of International Law, Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union, Anders' Army, Andrey Vlasov, Andrey Yeryomenko, Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, Anschluss, Anti-Comintern Pact, Anti-communism, Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe, Anti-Slavic sentiment, Anti-Sovietism, Anti-tank obstacles, Anti-tank warfare, Antisemitism, Antony Beevor, Arctic Circle, Arctic convoys of World War II, Armistice, Armistice of 11 November 1918, Armistice of Cassibile, Army (newspaper), Army General (Soviet rank), Army group, Army Group A, Army Group Centre, Army Group Courland, Army Group North, Army Group South, Army Group Vistula, Artillery, Aryan race, Austria, ... Expand index (690 more) » « Shrink index

2. European theatre of World War II
3. Invasions of Russia

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Adolf Hitler

Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging cultural, economic, and social change across Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Aftermath of World War I

Agriculture

Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Agriculture

Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia

The Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia (Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske; ZNDH), was the air force of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a puppet state established with the support of the Axis Powers on the territory of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia

Aksel Airo

Aksel Fredrik Airo (14 February 1898 – 9 May 1985) was a Finnish lieutenant general and main strategic planner during the Winter War and the Continuation War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Aksel Airo

Albert Speer

Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Albert Speer

Aleksandr Vasilevsky

Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevsky (Александр Михайлович Василевский) (30 September 1895 – 5 December 1977) was a Soviet career-officer in the Red Army who attained the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1943.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Aleksandr Vasilevsky

Aleksei Antonov

Aleksei Innokentievich Antonov (Алексей Иннокентьевич Антонов; 9 September 1896 – 16 June 1962) was a General of the Soviet Army, awarded the Order of Victory for his efforts in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Aleksei Antonov

Alexander Novikov

Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Но́виков; – 3 December 1976) was the chief marshal of aviation for the Soviet Air Forces during the Soviet Union's involvement in the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Alexander Novikov

Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred Jodl

Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German Generaloberst who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht – the German Armed Forces High Command – throughout World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Alfred Jodl

Allied Commission

Following the termination of hostilities in World War II, the Allies were in control of the defeated Axis countries.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Allied Commission

Allied invasion of Sicily

The Allied invasion of Sicily, also known as the Battle of Sicily and Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which the Allied forces invaded the island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis powers (Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany).

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Allied invasion of Sicily

Allied-occupied Austria

Austria was occupied by the Allies and declared independent from Nazi Germany on 27 April 1945 (confirmed by the Berlin Declaration for Germany on 5 June 1945), as a result of the Vienna offensive.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Allied-occupied Austria

Allied-occupied Germany

The entirety of Germany was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the Berlin Declaration on 5 June 1945 to the establishment of West Germany on 23 May 1949.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Allied-occupied Germany

Allies of World War I

The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Allies of World War I

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Allies of World War II

American Journal of International Law

The American Journal of International Law is an English-language scholarly journal focusing on international law and international relations.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and American Journal of International Law

Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union

Amnesty for Polish citizens in USSR was the one-time amnesty in the USSR for those deprived of their freedom following the Soviet invasion of Poland in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union

Anders' Army

Anders' Army was the informal yet common name of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in the 1941–42 period, in recognition of its commander Władysław Anders.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anders' Army

Andrey Vlasov

Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov (Андрей Андреевич Власов, – 1 August 1946) was a Soviet Red Army general and collaborator with Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Andrey Vlasov

Andrey Yeryomenko

Andrey Ivanovich Yeryomenko (Андре́й Ива́нович Ерёменко; Ukrainian: Андрій Іванович Єрьоменко; November 19, 1970) was a Soviet general during World War II and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Andrey Yeryomenko

Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran or Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia was the joint invasion of the neutral Imperial State of Iran by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union in August 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

Anschluss

The Anschluss (or Anschluß), also known as the Anschluß Österreichs (Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anschluss

Anti-Comintern Pact

The Anti-Comintern Pact, officially the Agreement against the Communist International was an anti-Communist pact concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan on 25 November 1936 and was directed against the Communist International (Comintern).

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-Comintern Pact

Anti-communism

Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-communism

Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe

Anti-communist insurgencies continued in Central and Eastern Europe after the end of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe

Anti-Slavic sentiment

Anti-Slavic sentiment, also called Slavophobia, refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination directed at the various Slavic peoples.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-Slavic sentiment

Anti-Sovietism

Anti-Sovietism (translit) or anti-Soviet sentiment refers to persons and activities that were actually or allegedly aimed against the Soviet Union or government power within the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-Sovietism

Anti-tank obstacles

Anti-tank obstacles include, but are not limited to.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-tank obstacles

Anti-tank warfare

Anti-tank warfare originated during World War I from the desire to develop technology and tactics to destroy tanks.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Anti-tank warfare

Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Antisemitism

Antony Beevor

Sir Antony James Beevor, (born 14 December 1946) is a British military historian.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Antony Beevor

Arctic Circle

The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle.

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Arctic convoys of World War II

The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Arctic convoys of World War II

Armistice

An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Armistice

Armistice of 11 November 1918

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice signed at Le Francport near Compiègne that ended fighting on land, at sea, and in the air in World War I between the Entente and their last remaining opponent, Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Armistice of 11 November 1918

Armistice of Cassibile

The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice that was signed on 3 September 1943 between Italy and the Allies during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Armistice of Cassibile

Army (newspaper)

Army is the newspaper published by the Australian Army.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army (newspaper)

Army General (Soviet rank)

Army general (general armii) was a rank of the Soviet Union which was first established in June 1940 as a high rank for Red Army generals, inferior only to the marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army General (Soviet rank)

Army group

An army group is a military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army group

Army Group A

Army Group A was the name of three distinct army groups of the Heer, the ground forces of the Wehrmacht, during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army Group A

Army Group Centre

Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct strategic German Army Groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army Group Centre

Army Group Courland

Army Group Courland (Heeresgruppe Kurland) was a German Army Group on the Eastern Front.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army Group Courland

Army Group North

Army Group North (Heeresgruppe Nord) was the name of three separate army groups of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army Group North

Army Group South

Army Group South (Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army Group South

Army Group Vistula

Army Group Vistula was an Army Group of the Wehrmacht, formed on 24 January 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Army Group Vistula

Artillery

Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Artillery

Aryan race

The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a racial grouping.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Aryan race

Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Austria

Austria within Nazi Germany

Austria was part of Nazi Germany from 13 March 1938 (an event known as the Anschluss) until 27 April 1945, when Allied-occupied Austria declared independence from Nazi Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Austria within Nazi Germany

Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Axis powers

Übermensch

The Übermensch ("Overman", "Super-man") is a concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Übermensch

B. H. Liddell Hart

Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 – 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, was a British soldier, military historian, and military theorist.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and B. H. Liddell Hart

Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Balkans campaign (World War II)

The Balkans campaign of World War II began with the Italian invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940. Eastern Front (World War II) and Balkans campaign (World War II) are eastern European theatre of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Balkans campaign (World War II)

Baltic Military District

The Baltic Military District was a military district of the Soviet armed forces in the Baltic states, formed shortly before the German invasion during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Baltic Military District

Baltic offensive

The Baltic offensive, also known as the Baltic strategic offensive, was the military campaign between the northern Fronts of the Red Army and the German Army Group North in the Baltic States during the autumn of 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Baltic offensive

Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Baltic Sea

Baltic states

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Baltic states

Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)

The three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania – were re-occupied in 1944–1945 by the Soviet Union (USSR) following the German occupation.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)

Banská Bystrica

Banská Bystrica (also known by other alternative names) is a city in central Slovakia, located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain chains of the Low Tatras, the Veľká Fatra, and the Kremnica Mountains.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Banská Bystrica

Barbarossa decree

During World War II, the Barbarossa decree was one of the Wehrmacht's criminal orders given on 13 May 1941, shortly before Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Barbarossa decree

Barbed wire

Roll of modern agricultural barbed wire Barbed wire, also known as barb wire, is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strands.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Barbed wire

Battle of Berlin

The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Berlin

Battle of Brody (1941)

The Battle of Brody (other names in use include Battle of Dubna, Battle of Dubno, Battle of Rovne, Battle of Rovne-Brody) was a tank battle fought between the 1st Panzer Group's III Army Corps and XLVIII Army Corps (Motorized) and five mechanized corps of the Soviet 5th Army and 6th Army in the triangle formed by the towns of Dubno, Lutsk and Brody between 23 and 30 June 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Brody (1941)

Battle of France

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of France

Battle of Ilomantsi (1944)

The Battle of Ilomantsi was a part of the Svir–Petrozavodsk Offensive of the Continuation War (1941–1944).

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Ilomantsi (1944)

Battle of Kiev (1941)

The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the major battle that resulted in an encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II, the capital and most populous city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Kiev (1941)

Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy

The Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy (Корсунь-Шевченковская операция.; Корсунь-Шевченківська операція.), also known as the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket, was a World War II battle fought from 24 January to 16 February 1944 in the course of the Soviet Dnieper–Carpathian offensive in Ukraine following the Korsun–Shevchenkovsky offensive.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy

Battle of Kursk

The Battle of Kursk was a major World War II Eastern Front battle between the forces of Germany and the Soviet Union near Kursk in southwestern Russia during the summer of 1943, resulting in a Soviet victory. The Battle of Kursk was the single largest battle in the history of warfare. It, along with the Battle of Stalingrad several months earlier, are the two most oft-cited turning points in the European theatre of the war.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Kursk

Battle of Memel

The Battle of Memel or the Siege of Memel (Erste Kurlandschlacht) was a battle which took place on the Eastern Front during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Memel

Battle of Moscow

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See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Moscow

Battle of Narva (1944)

The Battle of Narva was a World War II military campaign, lasting from 2 February to 10 August 1944, in which the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Narva (1944)

Battle of Prokhorovka

The Battle of Prokhorovka was fought on 12 July 1943 near Prokhorovka, southeast of Kursk, in the Soviet Union, during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Prokhorovka

Battle of Romania

The Battle of Romania in World War II comprised several operations in or around Romania in 1944, as part of the Eastern Front, in which the Soviet Army defeated Axis (German and Romanian) forces in the area, Romania changed sides, and Soviet and Romanian forces drove the Germans back into Hungary Soviet troops entered Romanian territory during the Uman–Botoșani offensive in March 1944, capturing several towns in northern Moldavia, including Botoșani.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Romania

Battle of Rostov (1941)

The Battle of Rostov (1941) took place on the Eastern Front of World War II around Rostov-on-Don and was fought between Army Group South of Nazi Germany and the Southern Front of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Rostov (1941)

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The first Battle of Smolensk (Kesselschlacht bei Smolensk, 'Cauldron-battle at Smolensk') was a battle during the second phase of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of Tali–Ihantala

The Battle of Tali–Ihantala (June 25 to July 9, 1944) was part of the Finnish-Soviet Continuation War (1941–1944), which occurred during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Tali–Ihantala

Battle of Tannenberg Line

The Battle of Tannenberg Line (Die Schlacht um die Tannenbergstellung; Битва за линию «Танненберг») or the Battle of the Blue Hills (Sinimägede lahing) was a military engagement between the German Army Detachment Narwa and the Soviet Leningrad Front.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Tannenberg Line

Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Bulge

The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II which took place from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of the Bulge

Battle of the Dukla Pass

The Battle of the Dukla Pass, also known as the Dukla, Carpatho–Dukla, Rzeszów–Dukla, or Dukla–Prešov offensive, was the battle for control over the Dukla Pass on the border between Poland and Slovakia on the Eastern Front of World War II between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in September–October 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of the Dukla Pass

Battle of the Oder–Neisse

The Battle of the Oder–Neisse is the German name for the initial (operational) phase of one of the last two strategic offensives conducted by the Red Army in the Campaign in Central Europe (1 January – 9 May 1945) during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of the Oder–Neisse

Battle of Uman

The Battle of Uman (15 July – 8 August 1941) was the World War II German offensive in Uman, Ukraine against the 6th and 12th Soviet Armies.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Uman

Battle of Voronezh (1942)

The Battle of Voronezh, or First Battle of Voronezh, was a battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, fought in and around the strategically important city of Voronezh on the Don river, south of Moscow, from 28 June-24 July 1942, as opening move of the German summer offensive in 1942.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battle of Voronezh (1942)

Battles of Khalkhin Gol

The Battles of Khalkhin Gol (Бои на Халхин-Голе; Халхын голын байлдаан) were the decisive engagements of the undeclared Soviet–Japanese border conflicts involving the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan and Manchukuo in 1939.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Battles of Khalkhin Gol

Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Belarus

Belgorod

Belgorod (Белгород,; Бєлгород or Білгород) is a city that serves as the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River, approximately north of the border with Ukraine.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Belgorod

Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF).

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Benito Mussolini

Berezina

The Berezina or Byarezina (Biarezina,; Березина) is a river in Belarus and a right tributary of the Dnieper.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Berezina

Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Berlin Sportpalast

Berlin Sportpalast (built 1910, demolished 1973) was a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the Schöneberg section of Berlin, Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Berlin Sportpalast

Bessarabia

Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Bessarabia

Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet (Chernomorskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Black Sea Fleet

Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg (from Blitz "lightning" + Krieg "war") or Bewegungskrieg is a word used to describe a combined arms surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations; together with artillery, air assault, and close air support; with intent to break through the opponent's lines of defense, dislocate the defenders, unbalance the enemies by making it difficult to respond to the continuously changing front, and defeat them in a decisive Vernichtungsschlacht: a battle of annihilation.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Blitzkrieg

Blue Division

The 250th Infantry Division (250.), better known as the Blue Division (División Azul, Blaue Division), was a unit of volunteers from Francoist Spain operating from 1941 to 1944 within the German Army (Wehrmacht.) on the Eastern Front during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Blue Division

Bolesław Bierut

Bolesław Bierut (18 April 1892 – 12 March 1956) was a Polish communist activist and politician, leader of communist-ruled Poland from 1947 until 1956.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Bolshevism

Bolshevism (derived from Bolshevik) is a revolutionary socialist current of Soviet Leninist and later Marxist–Leninist political thought and political regime associated with the formation of a rigidly centralized, cohesive and disciplined party of social revolution, focused on overthrowing the existing capitalist state system, seizing power and establishing the "dictatorship of the proletariat".

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Bolshevism

Bombing of Dresden

The bombing of Dresden was a joint British and American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Bombing of Dresden

Bombing of Romania in World War II

The bombing of Romania in World War II comprised two series of events: until August 1944, Allied operations, and, following the overthrow of Ion Antonescu's dictatorship, operations by Nazi Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Bombing of Romania in World War II

Boris Shaposhnikov

Boris Mikhaylovich Shaposhnikov (Бори́с Миха́йлович Ша́пошников) (– 26 March 1945) was a Soviet military officer, theoretician and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Boris Shaposhnikov

Brandenburgers

The Brandenburgers (Brandenburger) were members of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht special forces unit during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Brandenburgers

Brest, Belarus

Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk and Brest-on-the-Bug, is a city in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish town of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet, making it a border town.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Brest, Belarus

Bridgehead

In military strategy, a bridgehead (or bridge-head) is the strategically important area of ground around the end of a bridge or other place of possible crossing over a body of water which at time of conflict is sought to be defended or taken over by the belligerent forces.

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Brigade

A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements.

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Bryansk

Bryansk (Брянск) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the River Desna, southwest of Moscow.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Budapest

Bukovina

BukovinaBukowina or Buchenland; Bukovina; Bukowina; Bucovina; Bukovyna; see also other languages.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Bukovina

Bulgaria during World War II

The history of Bulgaria during World War II encompasses an initial period of neutrality until 1 March 1941, a period of alliance with the Axis Powers until 8 September 1944, and a period of alignment with the Allies in the final year of the war.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Bulgaria during World War II

Byelorussia in World War II

When the '''Second World War''' in Europe began, the territory which now forms the country of Belarus was divided between the Soviet Union (specifically the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) and the Second Polish Republic. Eastern Front (World War II) and Byelorussia in World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman.

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Carl Jacob Burckhardt

Carl Jacob Burckhardt (September 10, 1891 – March 3, 1974) was a Swiss diplomat and historian.

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Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II

Carpathian Ruthenia was a region in the easternmost part of Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia, or Transcarpathia) that became an autonomous region within that country in September 1938. Eastern Front (World War II) and Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Case Blue

Case Blue (German: Fall Blau) was the Wehrmacht plan for the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942, during World War II.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

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Caucasus Front (Soviet Union)

The Caucasus Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Caucasus Front (Soviet Union)

Central and Eastern Europe

Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia.

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Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.

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Central European History

Central European History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal on history published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Central European History Society, an affiliate of the American Historical Association.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

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Chancellor of Germany

The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany, and the commander-in-chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime.

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Charles de Gaulle

Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.

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Chief of Staff of the United States Army

The chief of staff of the Army (CSA) is a statutory position in the United States Army held by a general officer.

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Chilblains

Chilblains, also known as pernio, is a medical condition in which damage occurs to capillary beds in the skin, most often in the hands or feet, when blood perfuses into the nearby tissue, resulting in redness, itching, inflammation, and possibly blisters.

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Chinese Eastern Railway

The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or КВЖД, Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga or KVZhD), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria).

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Christmas Eve

Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union

A large number of Soviet citizens of various ethnicities collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Command hierarchy

A command hierarchy is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group.

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Commissar Order

The Commissar Order (Kommissarbefehl) was an order issued by the German High Command (OKW) on 6 June 1941 before Operation Barbarossa.

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Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was an international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Company (military unit)

A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 100–250 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain.

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Constantin Sănătescu

Constantin Sănătescu (14 January 1885 – 8 November 1947) was a Romanian general and statesman who served as the 44th Prime Minister of Romania after the 23 August 1944 coup after which Romania left the Axis powers and joined the Allies.

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Continuation War

The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. Eastern Front (World War II) and Continuation War are eastern European theatre of World War II and invasions of Russia.

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Cossacks

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.

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Counterattack

A counterattack is a tactic employed in response to an attack, with the term originating in "war games".

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

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Courland Pocket

The Courland Pocket was an area of the Courland Peninsula where Army Group North of Nazi Germany and the Reichskommissariat Ostland were cut off and surrounded by the Red Army for almost a year, lasting from July 1944 until 10 May 1945.

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Court-martial

A court-martial or court martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

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Croatian Home Guard (World War II)

The Croatian Home Guard (Hrvatsko domobranstvo) was the land army part of the armed forces of the Independent State of Croatia which existed during World War II.

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Czechoslovak government-in-exile

The Czechoslovak government-in-exile, sometimes styled officially as the Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia (Prozatímní vláda Československa; Dočasná vláda Československa), was an informal title conferred upon the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee (Výbor Československého Národního Osvobození; Československý Výbor Národného Oslobodenia), initially by British diplomatic recognition.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.

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Daugava

The Daugava (Daugova; Dźwina; Düna) or Western Dvina (translit; Заходняя Дзвіна; Väina; Väinäjoki) is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea.

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David Stahel

David Stahel (born 1975 in Wellington, New Zealand) is a historian, author and senior lecturer in history at the University of New South Wales.

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Death of Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, committed suicide via a gunshot to the head on 30 April 1945 in the Führerbunker in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which led to the end of World War II in Europe.

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Defence of the Reich

The Defence of the Reich (Reichsverteidigung) is the name given to the strategic defensive aerial campaign fought by the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany over German-occupied Europe and Germany during World War II against the Allied strategic bombing campaign. Its aim was to prevent the destruction of German civilians, military and civil industries by the Western Allies. Eastern Front (World War II) and Defence of the Reich are European theatre of World War II.

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Demyansk

Demyansk (Демя́нск) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Demyansky District of Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located along the Yavon River.

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Demyansk Pocket

The Demyansk Pocket (Kessel von Demjansk; Демя́нский котёл) was the name given to the pocket of German troops encircled by the Red Army around Demyansk, south of Leningrad, during World War II's Eastern Front.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.

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Deportation

Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a territory.

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Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

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Dmitry Pavlov (general)

Dmitry Grigoryevich Pavlov (Дми́трий Григо́рьевич Па́влов; 22 July 1941) was a Soviet general who commanded the key Soviet Western Front during the initial stage of the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) in June 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Dmitry Pavlov (general)

Dnieper

The Dnieper, also called Dnepr or Dnipro, is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.

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Dnipro

Dnipro is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants.

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Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (translit), is an oblast (province) in simultaneously southern, eastern and central Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country.

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Don (river)

The Don (p) is the fifth-longest river in Europe.

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Donbas

The Donbas (Донба́с) or Donbass (Донба́сс) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine.

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Donets

The Seversky Donets or Siverskyi Donets, usually simply called the Donets, is a river on the south of the East European Plain.

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Donetsk

Donetsk (Донецьк; Донецк), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin, and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast, which is currently occupied by Russia as the capital of the Donetsk People's Republic.

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Drang nach Osten

Drang nach Osten ('Drive to the East',Ulrich Best,, 2008, p. 58, Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 2003, p. 579, or 'push eastward',Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945, 1996, p.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Drang nach Osten

East Prussia

East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

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East Prussian offensive

The East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front (World War II).

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

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Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen (also 'task forces') were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe.

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Elbe

The Elbe (Labe; Ilv or Elv; Upper and Łobjo) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe.

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Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.

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Encirclement

Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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End of World War II in Europe

The final battles of the European theatre of World War II continued after the definitive surrender of Nazi Germany to the Allies, signed by Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel on 8 May 1945 (VE Day) in Karlshorst, Berlin. Eastern Front (World War II) and End of World War II in Europe are European theatre of World War II.

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English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

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Erhard Milch

Erhard Milch (30 March 1892 – 25 January 1972) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) who oversaw the development of the German air force (Luftwaffe) as part of the re-armament of Nazi Germany (1933-1945) following World War I (1914-1918).

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Erich Koch

Erich Koch (19 June 1896 – 12 November 1986) was a Gauleiter of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in East Prussia from 1 October 1928 until 1945.

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Erich von Manstein

Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein (born Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Lewinski; 24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Ernst Busch (field marshal)

Ernst Bernhard Wilhelm Busch (6 July 1885 – 17 July 1945) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) during World War II who commanded the 16th Army (as a Generaloberst) and Army Group Centre.

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Ernst Nolte

Ernst Nolte (11 January 1923 – 18 August 2016) was a German historian and philosopher.

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Estado Novo (Portugal)

The Estado Novo was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933.

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Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Estonia

Estonia in World War II

Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II (1939–1945), but the country was repeatedly contested, invaded and occupied, first by the Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany in 1941, and ultimately reinvaded and reoccupied in 1944 by the Soviet Union. Eastern Front (World War II) and Estonia in World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Europe-Asia Studies

Europe-Asia Studies is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal Soviet Studies (vols. 1–44, 1949–1992), which was renamed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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European theatre of World War II

The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and European theatre of World War II

Eva Braun

Eva Anna Paula Hitler (6 February 1912 – 30 April 1945) was a German photographer who was the longtime companion and briefly the wife of Adolf Hitler.

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Evan Mawdsley

Evan Mawdsley (born 1945) is a British historian and former Professor of International History at the University of Glasgow's School of Humanities.

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Extermination battalion

Extermination battalions or destruction battalions, colloquially istrebitels (истребители, "exterminators", "destroyers") abbreviated: istrebki (Russian), strybki (Ukrainian), stribai (Lithuanian), were paramilitary units under the control of NKVD in the western Soviet Union, which performed tasks of internal security on the Eastern Front and after it.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Extermination battalion

F. W. Winterbotham

Frederick William Winterbotham (16 April 1897 – 28 January 1990) was a British Royal Air Force officer (latterly a Group Captain) who during World War II supervised the distribution of Ultra intelligence.

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Famine

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies.

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Fedor von Bock

Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich Fedor von Bock (3 December 1880 – 4 May 1945) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) who served in the German Army during the Second World War.

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Ferdinand Schörner

Ferdinand Schörner (12 June 1892 – 2 July 1973) was a German military commander who held the rank of Generalfeldmarschall in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Ferenc Szálasi

Ferenc Szálasi (6 January 1897 – 12 March 1946) was a Hungarian military officer, politician and leader of the Arrow Cross Party who headed the government of Hungary during the country's occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Ferenc Szombathelyi

Ferenc Szombathelyi (17 May 1887 – 4 November 1946), born Ferenc Knausz or Ferenc Knauz, was a Hungarian military officer who served, from September 1941 to April 1944, as Head of the General Staff of the Royal Hungarian Army during World War II.

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Field marshal

Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the second most senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks, but junior to the rank of Generalissimo.

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Fighter Squadron 2/30 Normandie-Niemen

Fighter Squadron 2/30 Normandie-Niemen (Escadron de Chasse 2/30 Normandie-Niemen) is a French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) fighter squadron which flies the Dassault Rafale C from BA 118 Mont-de-Marsan Air Base.

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Filipp Golikov

Filipp Ivanovich Golikov (Филипп Иванович Голиков; – July 29, 1980) was a Soviet military commander.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Finland in World War II

Finland participated in the Second World War initially in a defensive war against the Soviet Union, followed by another, this time offensive, war against the Soviet Union acting in concert with Nazi Germany and then finally fighting alongside the Allies against Germany.

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First Army (United States)

First Army is the oldest and longest-established field army of the United States Army.

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First five-year plan

The first five-year plan (I пятилетний план, первая пятилетка) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economic goals, implemented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, based on his policy of socialism in one country.

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First Polish Army (1944–1945)

The Polish First Army (Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego, 1 AWP for short, also known as Berling's Army) was an army unit of the Polish Armed Forces in the East.

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Five-year plans of the Soviet Union

The five-year plans for the development of the national economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Пятилетние планы развития народного хозяйства СССР, Pyatiletniye plany razvitiya narodnogo khozyaystva SSSR) consisted of a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union, beginning in the late 1920s.

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Flensburg

Flensburg (Danish and Flensborg; Flensborre; Flansborj) is an independent town in the far north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

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Flensburg Government

The Flensburg Government (Flensburger Regierung), also known as the Flensburg Cabinet (Flensburger Kabinett), the Dönitz Government (Regierung Dönitz), or the Schwerin von Krosigk Cabinet (Kabinett Schwerin von Krosigk), was the rump government of Nazi Germany during a period of three weeks around the end of World War II in Europe.

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Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, Germans and fled and were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries, including Czechoslovakia, and from the former German provinces of Lower and Upper Silesia, East Prussia, and the eastern parts of Brandenburg (Neumark) and Pomerania (Hinterpommern), which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

Forced displacement

Forced displacement (also forced migration or forced relocation) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region.

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Forced labour

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

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Fourth Army (Romania)

The Fourth Army (Armata a 4-a Română) was a field army (a military formation) of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.

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Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance

The Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance was a bilateral treaty between France and the Soviet Union with the aim of enveloping Nazi Germany in 1935 to reduce the threat from Central Europe.

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Francoist Spain

Francoist Spain (España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo.

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Frankfurt (Oder)

Frankfurt (Oder), also known as Frankfurt an der Oder (Central Marchian: Frankfort an de Oder) is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Brandenburg after Potsdam, Cottbus and Brandenburg an der Havel.

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Franz Halder

Franz Halder (30 June 1884 – 2 April 1972) was a German general and the chief of staff of the Army High Command (OKH) in Nazi Germany from 1938 until September 1942.

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Free France

Free France (France libre) was a political entity claiming to be the legitimate government of France following the dissolution of the Third Republic during World War II.

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Front (military formation)

A front (front) is a type of military formation that originated in the Russian Empire, and has been used by the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Soviet Army, and Turkey.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Front (military formation)

Front line

A front line (alternatively front-line or frontline) in military terminology is the position(s) closest to the area of conflict of an armed force's personnel and equipment, usually referring to land forces.

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Fyodor Kuznetsov

Fyodor Isidorovich Kuznetsov (Фёдор Иси́дорович Кузнецо́в; 29 September 1898 – 22 March 1961) was a Colonel General and military commander in the Soviet Union.

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Fyodor Tolbukhin

Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin (Фёдор Ива́нович Толбу́хин; 16 June 1894 – 17 October 1949) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Garrison

A garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it.

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Gazeta Wyborcza

(The Electoral Gazette in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland.

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Günther von Kluge

Günther Adolf Ferdinand von Kluge (30 October 1882 – 19 August 1944) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) during World War II who held commands on both the Eastern and Western Fronts.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Günther von Kluge

Gdańsk

Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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General (United States)

In the United States military, a general is the most senior general-grade officer; it is the highest achievable commissioned officer rank (or echelon) that may be attained in the United States Armed Forces, with exception of the Navy and Coast Guard, which have the equivalent rank of admiral instead.

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Generaloberst

A Generaloberst ("colonel general") was the second-highest general officer rank in the German Reichswehr and Wehrmacht, the Austro-Hungarian Common Army, the East German National People's Army and in their respective police services.

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Generalplan Ost

The (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was Nazi Germany's plan for the genocide, extermination and large-scale ethnic cleansing of Slavs, Eastern European Jews, and other indigenous peoples of Eastern Europe categorized as "Untermenschen" in Nazi ideology.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Generalplan Ost

Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War

The Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War

Genocide

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Genocide

Geoffrey Hosking

Geoffrey Alan Hosking (born 28 April 1942) is a British historian of Russia and the Soviet Union and formerly Leverhulme Research Professor of Russian History at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) at University College, London.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Geoffrey Hosking

Geoffrey Roberts

Geoffrey Roberts (born 1952) is a British historian of World War II working at University College Cork.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Geoffrey Roberts

Georg Lindemann

Georg Lindemann (8 March 1884 – 25 September 1963) was a German general during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Georg Lindemann

Georg von Küchler

Georg Carl Wilhelm Friedrich von Küchler (30 May 1881 – 25 May 1968) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, who was subsequently convicted of war crimes.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Georg von Küchler

George C. Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (31 December 1880 – 16 October 1959) was an American army officer and statesman.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and George C. Marshall

Georgian Legion (1941–1945)

The Georgian Legion (Georgische Legion, tr) was a military formation of Nazi Germany during World War II, composed of ethnic Georgians.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Georgian Legion (1941–1945)

Georgy Zhukov

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (a; 189618 June 1974) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Georgy Zhukov

Gerd R. Ueberschär

Gerd R. Ueberschär (born 18 August 1943) is a German military historian who specialises in the history of Nazi Germany and World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Gerd R. Ueberschär

Gerd von Rundstedt

Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Gerd von Rundstedt

German armored fighting vehicle production during World War II

This article lists production figures for German armored fighting vehicles during the World War II era.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German armored fighting vehicle production during World War II

German Army (1935–1945)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular armed forces of Nazi Germany, from 1935 until it effectively ceased to exist in 1945 and then was formally dissolved in August 1946.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German Army (1935–1945)

German Instrument of Surrender

The German Instrument of Surrender was a legal document effecting the unconditional surrender of the remaining German armed forces to the Allies, which ended World War II in Europe, with the surrender taking effect at 23:01 CET on the same day.

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German invasion of Hungary (1944)

In March 1944, Hungary was occupied by the Wehrmacht.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German invasion of Hungary (1944)

German nuclear program during World War II

Nazi Germany undertook several research programs relating to nuclear technology, including nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors, before and during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German nuclear program during World War II

German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Baltic states were under military occupation by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II

German Studies Review

German Studies Review is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal affiliated with the German Studies Association and published by Johns Hopkins University Press.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German Studies Review

German war crimes

The governments of the German Empire and Nazi Germany (under Adolf Hitler) ordered, organized, and condoned a substantial number of war crimes, first in the Herero and Namaqua genocide and then in the First and Second World Wars.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and German war crimes

German-occupied Europe

German-occupied Europe (or Nazi-occupied Europe) refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly militarily occupied and civil-occupied, including puppet governments, by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945, during World War II, administered by the Nazi regime under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler.

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German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement

The German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement, signed on January 10, 1941, was a broad agreement which settled border disputes, and continued raw materials and war machine trade between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

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German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939)

The German–Soviet Credit Agreement (also referred to as the German–Soviet Trade and Credit Agreement) was an economic arrangement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union whereby the latter received an acceptance credit of over seven years with an effective interest rate of 4.5 percent.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Goebbels children

The Goebbels children were the five daughters and one son born to Nazi propaganda minister Joseph and Magda Goebbels.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Goebbels children

Gomel

Gomel (Гомель) or Homyel (Homieĺ) is a city in Belarus.

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Government of National Unity (Hungary)

The Government of National Unity was a Nazi-backed puppet government of Hungary, which ruled the German-occupied Kingdom of Hungary during World War II in eastern Europe.

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Great Patriotic War (term)

The Great Patriotic War (translit) is a term used in Russia and some other former republics of the Soviet Union to describe the conflict fought during the period from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945 along the many fronts of the Eastern Front of World War II, primarily between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Great Patriotic War (term)

Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.

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Grigory Kulik

Grigory Ivanovich Kulik (Григорий Иванович Кулик; Grygorii Ivanovych Kulyk; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union who served as chief of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate from 1937 until June 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Grigory Kulik

Grozny

Grozny (Groznyy,; translit) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Grozny

Guerrilla war in the Baltic states

The guerrilla war in the Baltic states was an insurgency waged by Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian) partisans against the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1956.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Guerrilla war in the Baltic states

Gulag

The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Gulag

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

Hans Jeschonnek

Hans Jeschonnek (9 April 1899 – 18 August 1943) was a German military aviator in the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I, a general staff officer in the Reichswehr in the inter–war period and Generaloberst (Colonel-General) and a Chief of the General Staff in the Luftwaffe, the aerial warfare branch of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Hans Jeschonnek

Hans-Adolf Prützmann

Hans-Adolf Prützmann (31 August 1901 – 16 May 1945) was among the highest-ranking German SS officials during the Nazi era.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Hans-Adolf Prützmann

Hans-Valentin Hube

Hans-Valentin Hube (29 October 1890 – 21 April 1944) was a German general during World War II who commanded armoured forces in the invasions of Poland, France and the Soviet Union.

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Harry Hopkins

Harold Lloyd "Harry" Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was an American statesman, public administrator, and presidential advisor.

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Hedgehog defence

The hedgehog defence is a military tactic in which a defending force creates multiple mutually supporting strongpoints ("hedgehogs") in a defence in depth, designed to sap the strength and break the momentum of an attack.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Hedgehog defence

Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was a German politician who was the 4th Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany, and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, primarily known for being a main architect of the Holocaust.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Heinrich Himmler

Heinz Guderian

Heinz Wilhelm Guderian (17 June 1888 – 14 May 1954) was a German general during World War II who, after the war, became a successful memoirist.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Heinz Guderian

Hel Peninsula

Hel Peninsula (Mierzeja Helska, Półwysep Helski; Hélskô Sztremlëzna; Halbinsel Hela or Putziger Nehrung) is a sand bar peninsula in northern Poland separating the Bay of Puck from the open Baltic Sea.

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Helmuth Weidling

Helmuth Otto Ludwig Weidling (2 November 1891 – 17 November 1955) was a German general during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Helmuth Weidling

Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Hermann Göring

Hermann Hoth

Hermann Hoth (12 April 1885 – 25 January 1971) was a German army commander, war criminal, and author.

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Historian

A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it.

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Historiography of World War II

The historiography of World War II is the study of how historians portray the causes, conduct, and outcomes of World War II.

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History of Germany (1945–1990)

The history of Germany from 1945 to 1990 comprises the period following World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and History of Germany (1945–1990)

History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)

The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from the establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)

Home Army

The Home Army (Armia Krajowa,; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Home Army

Horia Macellariu

Horia Macellariu (10 May 1894 – 11 July 1989) was a Romanian rear admiral, commander of the Royal Romanian Navy's Black Sea Fleet during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Horia Macellariu

Horses in World War II

Horses in World War II were used by the belligerent nations, for transportation of troops, artillery, materiel, messages, and, to a lesser extent, in mobile cavalry troops.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Horses in World War II

Hungary in World War II

During World War II, the Kingdom of Hungary was a member of the Axis powers. Eastern Front (World War II) and Hungary in World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Hunger Plan

The Hunger Plan (der Hungerplan; der Backe-Plan) was a partially implemented plan developed by Nazi bureaucrats during World War II to seize food from the Soviet Union and give it to German soldiers and civilians.

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".

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Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Before the perestroika Soviet era reforms of Gorbachev that promoted a more liberal form of socialism, the formal ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was Marxism–Leninism, a form of socialism consisting of a centralised command economy with a vanguardist one-party state that aimed to realize the dictatorship of the proletariat.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

II SS Panzer Corps

The II SS Panzer Corps was a German Waffen-SS armoured corps which saw action on both the Eastern and Western Fronts during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and II SS Panzer Corps

Ilie Șteflea

Ilie Șteflea (11 April 1888 – 21 May 1946) was a Romanian General during World War II and Chief of the Romanian General Staff between 20 January 1942 and 23 August 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ilie Șteflea

Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Independent State of Croatia

Industrialisation

Industrialisation (UK) or industrialization (US) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society.

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Infantry

Infantry is a specialization of military personnel who engage in warfare combat.

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International Brigades

The International Brigades (Brigadas Internacionales) were soldiers set up by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War.

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. Eastern Front (World War II) and Invasion of Poland are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

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Iron Curtain

During the Cold War, the Iron Curtain was a political metaphor used to describe the political and later physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

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Isthmus of Perekop

The Isthmus of Perekop, literally Isthmus of the Trench (Перекопський перешийок.; transliteration: Perekops'kyi pereshyiok; Перекопский перешеек; transliteration: Perekopskiy peresheek, Or boynu, Orkapı;; transliteration: Taphros), is the narrow, wide strip of land that connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland of Ukraine.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Isthmus of Perekop

Italian participation on the Eastern Front

The Italian participation on the Eastern Front represented the military intervention of the Kingdom of Italy in the Operation Barbarossa, launched by Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union in 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Italian participation on the Eastern Front

Italo Gariboldi

Italo Gariboldi (20 April 1879 – 3 February 1970) was an Italian senior officer in the Royal Army (Regio Esercito) before and during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Italo Gariboldi

Ivan Bagramyan

Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (– 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander of Armenian origin who held the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivan Bagramyan

Ivan Chernyakhovsky

Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky (Иван Данилович Черняховский; Іван Данилович Черняховський; – 18 February 1945) was the youngest-ever Soviet General of the army.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivan Chernyakhovsky

Ivan Isakov

Ivan Stepanovich Isakov (Հովհաննես Իսակով, Иван Степанович Исаков; – 11 October 1967), born Hovhannes Ter-Isahakyan, was a Soviet Armenian military commander, Chief of Staff of the Soviet Navy, Deputy USSR Navy Minister, and held the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivan Isakov

Ivan Konev

Ivan Stepanovich Konev (p; 28 December 1897 – 21 May 1973) was a Soviet general and Marshal of the Soviet Union who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II, responsible for taking much of Axis-occupied Eastern Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivan Konev

Ivan Petrov (army general)

Ivan Yefimovich Petrov (Иван Ефимович Петров; – 7 April 1958) was a Soviet Army General from 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivan Petrov (army general)

Ivan Tyulenev

Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev (28 January 189215 August 1978) was a Soviet military commander, one of the first to be promoted to the rank of General of the Army in 1940.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivan Tyulenev

Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph

The Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph is a prominent depiction of the Holocaust in Ukraine, on the Eastern Front of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph

Izium

Izium or Izyum (Ізюм,; Изюм) is a city on the Donets River in Kharkiv Oblast, eastern Ukraine.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Izium

Jewish Bolshevism

Jewish Bolshevism, also Judeo–Bolshevism, is an antisemitic and anti-communist conspiracy theory that claims that the Russian Revolution of 1917 was a Jewish plot and that Jews controlled the Soviet Union and international communist movements, often in furtherance of a plan to destroy Western civilization.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Jewish Bolshevism

Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Johannes Frießner

Johannes Frießner (22 March 1892 – 26 June 1971) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Johannes Frießner

Joseph Goebbels

Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and philologist who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Joseph Goebbels

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Junkers Ju 87

The Junkers Ju 87, popularly known as the "Stuka", is a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Junkers Ju 87

Kalach-na-Donu

Kalach-na-Donu (Кала́ч-на-Дону́), or Kalach-on-the-Don, is a town and the administrative center of Kalachyovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River, west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Kalinin Front

The Kalinin Front was a major formation of the Red Army active in the Eastern Front of World War II, named for the city of Kalinin.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kalinin Front

Kaliningrad Oblast

Kaliningrad Oblast (translit) is the westernmost federal subject of the Russian Federation, in Central and Eastern Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kaliningrad Oblast

Kamenets–Podolsky pocket

The Battle of the Kamenets–Podolsky pocket (or Hube Pocket) was part of the larger Soviet Proskurov–Chernovtsy offensive (Russian: Проскуровско-Черновицкая Операция, Proskurovsko-Chernovitskaya Operatsiya), whose main goal was to envelop the Wehrmacht's 1st Panzer Army of Army Group South.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kamenets–Podolsky pocket

Kaniv

Kaniv (Канів) is a city in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine.

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Kantokuen

Isoroku Yamamoto Tomoyuki Yamashita Korechika Anami Henry Pu-yi |commander2.

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Karachev

Karachev (Карачев) is an ancient town and the administrative center of Karachevsky District in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

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Karafuto Prefecture

Karafuto Agency, from 1943 Karafuto Prefecture, commonly known as South Sakhalin, was a part of the Empire of Japan on Sakhalin.

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Karelia

Karelia (Karelian and Karjala; Kareliya, historically Коре́ла, Korela; Karelen) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden.

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Karelian Isthmus

The Karelian Isthmus (Karelsky peresheyek; Karjalankannas; Karelska näset) is the approximately stretch of land situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia, to the north of the River Neva.

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Karl Dönitz

Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz;; 16 September 189124 December 1980) was a German admiral who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as head of state in May 1945, holding the position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government following Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allies days later.

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Katyusha rocket launcher

The Katyusha (a) is a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Katyusha rocket launcher

Károly Beregfy

Károly Beregfy (12 February 1888 – 12 March 1946) was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence in the 1944–45 Arrow Cross Party government.

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Königsberg

Königsberg (Królewiec, Karaliaučius, Kyonigsberg) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.

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Kętrzyn

Kętrzyn (until 1946 Rastembork; Rastenburg) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,478 inhabitants (2019).

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Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Харків), also known as Kharkov (Харькoв), is the second-largest city in Ukraine.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kharkiv

Khatyn massacre

Khatyn (Chatyń,; Хаты́нь) was a village of 26 houses and 157 inhabitants in Belarus, in Lahoysk Raion, Minsk Region, 50 km away from Minsk.

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Khimki

Khimki (Химки) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia.

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Kholm, Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast

Kholm (Холм) is a town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Lovat and Kunya Rivers, north of Toropets, southwest of Staraya Russa, and south of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kholm, Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast

Killed in action

Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Killed in action

Kimon Georgiev

Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov (Кимон Георгиев Стоянов; August 11, 1882 – September 28, 1969) was a Bulgarian general who was the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1934 to 1935 and again from 1944 to 1946.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kimon Georgiev

Kingdom of Bulgaria

The Tsardom of Bulgaria (translit), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (translit), sometimes translated in English as the "Kingdom of Bulgaria", or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a tsardom.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Kirill Meretskov

Kirill Afanasievich Meretskov (Кири́лл Афана́сьевич Мерецко́в; – 30 December 1968) was a Soviet military commander.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kirill Meretskov

Kliment Voroshilov

Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (Климент Ефремович Ворошилов; Klyment Okhrimovych Voroshylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Клим Ворошилов; 4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet military officer and politician during the Stalin-era.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kliment Voroshilov

Konstantin Rokossovsky

Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky (Russian: Константин Константинович (Ксаверьевич) Рокоссовский; Konstanty Rokossowski; 21 December 1896 – 3 August 1968) was a Soviet and Polish officer who became a Marshal of the Soviet Union, a Marshal of Poland, and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his removal in 1956 during the Polish October.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Konstantin Rokossovsky

Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

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Kotelnikovo

Kotelnikovo (Котельниково) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

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Kremenchuk

Kremenchuk (Кременчук) is an industrial city in central Ukraine which stands on the banks of the Dnieper River.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kremenchuk

Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin (Moskovskiy Kreml'), or simply the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia.

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Kresy

Eastern Borderlands (Kresy Wschodnie) or simply Borderlands (Kresy) was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period (1918–1939).

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Kriegsmarine

The Kriegsmarine was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Kuril Islands

The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (p; Japanese: or) are a volcanic archipelago administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the Russian Far East.

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Kursk

Kursk (Курск) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers.

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Kurt Zeitzler

Kurt Zeitzler (9 June 1895 – 25 September 1963) was a Chief of the Army General Staff in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Kurt Zeitzler

Land mine

A land mine, or landmine, is an explosive weapon concealed under or camouflaged on the ground, and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it.

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Lapland War

During World War II, the Lapland War (Lapin sota; Lapplandskriget.; Lapplandkrieg.) saw fighting between Finland and Nazi Germany – effectively from September to November 1944 – in Finland's northernmost region, Lapland. Eastern Front (World War II) and Lapland War are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Latvian Legion

The Latvian Legion (Latviešu leģions) was a formation of the Nazi German Waffen-SS during World War II.

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Leadership

Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations.

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League of Nations

The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

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Lebensraum

Lebensraum (living space) is a German concept of expansionism and ''Völkisch'' nationalism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s.

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Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, in Milestone Documents, National Archives of the United States, Washington, D.C., retrieved February 8, 2024; (notes: "Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed 'vital to the defense of the United States.'"; contains photo of the original bill, H.R.

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Leningrad Front

The Leningrad Front (Ленинградский фронт) was formed during the 1941 German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front on August 27, 1941.

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Leonid Govorov

Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov (Леони́д Алекса́ндрович Го́воров; – 19 March 1955) was a Soviet military commander.

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Light Transport Brigade (Independent State of Croatia)

The Light Transport Brigade (Laki prijevozni zdrug, Legione Croata Autotrasportabile) was a military unit of the Independent State of Croatia's Croatian Home Guard which fought alongside the Royal Italian Army on the Eastern Front.

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List of military operations on the Eastern Front of World War II

This is a list of military operations in Europe on the Eastern Front of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and List of military operations on the Eastern Front of World War II

Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

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Littoral zone

The littoral zone, also called litoral or nearshore, is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore.

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Lokhvytsia

Lokhvytsia (Лохвиця) is a city in Myrhorod Raion, Poltava Oblast, central Ukraine.

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LORAN

LORAN, short for long range navigation, was a hyperbolic radio navigation system developed in the United States during World War II.

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Lothar Rendulic

Lothar Rendulic (Rendulić; 23 October 1887 – 17 January 1971)Rudolf Neck, Adam Wandruszka, Isabella Ackerl (ed.) (1980): Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik, 1918–1938, Abteilung VIII, 20.

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Lucy spy ring

The Lucy spy ring was an anti-Nazi World War II espionage operation headquartered in Switzerland and run by Rudolf Roessler, a German refugee.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.

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Lusatian Neisse

The Lusatian Neisse (Lausitzer Neiße; Nysa Łużycka; Lužická Nisa; Upper Sorbian: Łužiska Nysa; Lower Sorbian: Łužyska Nysa), or Western Neisse, is a river in northern Central Europe.

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Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk

Johann Ludwig "Lutz" Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (Born Johann Ludwig von Krosigk; 22 August 18874 March 1977) was a German senior government official who served as the minister of finance of Germany from 1932 to 1945 and de facto chancellor of Germany during May 1945.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; see below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the sixth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.

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Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive

The Lvov–Sandomierz offensive or Lvov–Sandomierz strategic offensive operation (Львовско-Сандомирская стратегическая наступательная операция) was a major Red Army operation to force the German troops from Ukraine and Eastern Poland.

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Magda Goebbels

Johanna Maria Magdalena "Magda" Goebbels (née Ritschel; 11 November 1901 – 1 May 1945) was the wife of Nazi Germany's Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels.

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Maksim Purkayev

Maksim Alexeyevich Purkayev (Максим Алексеевич Пуркаев; January 1, 1953) was a Soviet military leader, reaching service rank of Army General.

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Malgobek

Malgobek (Малгобе́к; Maghalbike) is a town in the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia, located northwest of the republic's capital of Magas.

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Malka (river)

The Malka, also known as Balyksu, is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, which forms the northwest part of the Terek basin.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China that existed from 1932 until its dissolution in 1945.

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Markian Popov

Markian Mikhaylovich Popov (1902–1969) was a Soviet military commander, Army General (26 August 1943), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1965).

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Marshal of the Soviet Union

Marshal of the Soviet Union (Marshal sovetskogo soyuza) was the second-highest military rank of the Soviet Union.

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Martin Gilbert

Sir Martin John Gilbert (25 October 1936 – 3 February 2015) was a British historian and honorary Fellow of Merton College, Oxford.

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Master race

The master race (Herrenrasse) is a pseudoscientific concept in Nazi ideology in which the putative "Aryan race" is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy.

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Materiel

Materiel is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.

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Max Hastings

Sir Max Hugh Macdonald Hastings (born 28 December 1945) is a British journalist and military historian, who has worked as a foreign correspondent for the BBC, editor-in-chief of The Daily Telegraph, and editor of the Evening Standard.

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Maxim Litvinov

Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (born Meir Henoch Wallach-Finkelstein; 17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat who served as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930 to 1939.

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Maximilian von Weichs

Maximilian Maria Joseph Karl Gabriel Lamoral Reichsfreiherr von und zu Weichs an der Glon (12 November 1881 – 27 September 1954) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field marshal) in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Maykop

Maykop is the capital city of Adygea, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River.

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Mürwik

Mürwik (Mørvig) is a community of Flensburg in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

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Mechtild Rössler

Mechtild Rössler is a German feminist geographer and cultural heritage scholar.

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Meeting engagement

In warfare, a meeting engagement, or encounter battle, is a combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place.

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Mein Kampf

Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.

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Mengjiang

Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (which was itself also a puppet state).

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Mga

Mga (Мга) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kirovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Michał Rola-Żymierski

Michał Rola-Żymierski (4 September 189015 October 1989) was a Polish high-ranking Communist Party leader, communist military commander and NKVD secret agent.

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Michael I of Romania

Michael I (Mihai I; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last king of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his forced abdication on 30 December 1947.

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Mikhail Kirponos

Mikhail Petrovich Kirponos (Михаи́л Петро́вич Кирпоно́с, Михайло Петрович Кирпонос, Mykhailo Petrovych Kyrponos; 12 January 1892 – 20 September 1941) was a Soviet general of the Red Army during World War II.

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Mikhail Tukhachevsky

Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (p; – 12 June 1937), nicknamed the Red Napoleon, was a Soviet general who was prominent between 1918 and 1937 as a military officer and theoretician.

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Mikhail Yefremov (military commander)

Lieutenant General Mikhail Grigoryevich Yefremov (Михаи́л Григо́рьевич Ефре́мов; March 11 1897, Tarusa, Kaluga Governorate – April 19 1942, Vyazemsky District) was a Soviet military commander.

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Miklós Horthy

Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Vitéz"Vitéz" refers to a Hungarian knightly order founded by Miklós Horthy ("Vitézi Rend"); literally, "vitéz" means "knight" or "valiant".;; English: Nicholas Horthy; Nikolaus Horthy von Nagybánya; 18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who was the regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar period and most of World War II, from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944.

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Military campaign

A military campaign is large-scale long-duration significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of interrelated military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war.

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Military history of Greece during World War II

The military history of Greece during World War II began on 28 October 1940, when the Italian Army invaded Greece from Albania, beginning the Greco-Italian War. Eastern Front (World War II) and military history of Greece during World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II

The military history of the United Kingdom in World War II covers the Second World War against the Axis powers, starting on 3 September 1939 with the declaration of war by the United Kingdom and France, followed by the UK's Dominions, Crown colonies and protectorates on Nazi Germany in response to the invasion of Poland by Germany. Eastern Front (World War II) and military history of the United Kingdom during World War II are European theatre of World War II.

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Military history of the United States during World War II

The military history of the United States during World War II covers the nation's role as one of the major Allies in their victory over the Axis Powers.

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Military occupations by the Soviet Union

During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Military occupations by the Soviet Union

Military reserve force

A military reserve force is a military organization whose members (reservists) have military and civilian occupations.

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Minority group

The term "minority group" has different usages, depending on the context.

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Minsk

Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers.

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Missing in action

Missing in action (MIA) is a casualty classification assigned to combatants, military chaplains, combat medics, and prisoners of war who are reported missing during wartime or ceasefire.

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Mius

The Mius is a river in Eastern Europe that flows through Ukraine and Russia.

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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Soviet Moldova, or simply Moldavia or Moldova, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania. Eastern Front (World War II) and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact are eastern European theatre of World War II and European theatre of World War II.

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Moonsund operation

The Moonsund landing operation (Моонзундская десантная операция; Lääne-Eesti saarte kaitsmine; Moonsund Invasionen), also known as the Moonzund landing operation, was an amphibious operation and offensive by the Red Army during World War II, taking place in late 1944.

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Mortar (weapon)

A mortar today is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded cannon, consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight.

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Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

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Murmansk Oblast

Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of.

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Museum Berlin-Karlshorst

The Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, previously named German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (Deutsch-Russisches Museum Berlin-Karlshorst) is dedicated to German-Soviet and German-Russian relations with a focus on the German-Soviet war of 1941–1945.

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National Committee of the Republic of Estonia

The National Committee of the Republic of Estonia (EVRK) was a deliberative and legislative body, formed by Estonian politicians and members of the last government of Republic of Estonia before the Soviet occupation, to control the Anti-Soviet resistance movement in Nazi-occupied Estonia in March 1944.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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Nicolae Rădescu

Nicolae Rădescu (30 March 1874 – 16 May 1953) was a Romanian army officer and political figure.

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Nikolai Kuznetsov (admiral)

Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (Никола́й Гера́симович Кузнецо́в,; 24 July 1904 – 6 December 1974) was a Soviet naval officer who achieved the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union and served as People's Commissar of the Navy during the Winter War and the Second World War.

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Nikolai Vatutin

Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin (Николай Фёдорович Ватутин; 16 December 1901 – 15 April 1944) was a Soviet military commander during World War II who was responsible for many Red Army operations in the Ukrainian SSR as the commander of the Southwestern Front, and of the Voronezh Front during the Battle of Kursk.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

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NKVD prisoner massacres

The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions of political prisoners carried out by the NKVD, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, across Eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states and Bessarabia.

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No. 134 Squadron RAF

No.

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No. 151 Wing RAF

No 151 Wing Royal Air Force was a British unit which operated with the Soviet forces on the Kola Peninsula in the northern USSR during the first months of Operation Barbarossa, in the Second World War.

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No. 81 Squadron RAF

No 81 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force.

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Non-aggression pact

A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie; Normaundie, Nouormandie; from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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Normandy landings

The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during the Second World War.

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Northern Europe

The northern region of Europe has several definitions.

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Northwestern Front

The Northwestern Front (Russian: Северо-Западный фронт) was a military formation of the Red Army during the Winter War and World War II.

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Norway

Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

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Novgorod Oblast

Novgorod Oblast (Novgorodskaya oblast') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.

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Nuremberg trials

The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries across Europe and atrocities against their citizens in World War II.

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Obergruppenführer

Obergruppenführer was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) one year later.

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Oberkommando des Heeres

The Oberkommando des Heeres (abbreviated OKH) was the high command of the Army of Nazi Germany.

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Oboyan

Oboyan (Обоя́нь) is a town and the administrative center of Oboyansky District in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Psyol at its confluence with the Oboyanka, south of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Obscurantism

In philosophy, the terms obscurantism and obscurationism identify and describe the anti-intellectual practices of deliberately presenting information in an abstruse and imprecise manner that limits further inquiry and understanding of a subject.

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Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)

The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia. Eastern Front (World War II) and occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945) are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Occupation of the Baltic states

The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania begun by the Soviet Union in 1940, continued for three years by Nazi Germany after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, and finally resumed by the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

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Oder

The Oder (Czech, Lower Sorbian and) is a river in Central Europe.

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Oder–Neisse line

The Oder–Neisse line (Oder-Neiße-Grenze, granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej) is an unofficial term for the modern border between Germany and Poland.

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Odesa

Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.

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Office of the Historian

The Office of the Historian is an office of the United States Department of State within the Foreign Service Institute.

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Oka (river)

The Oka (Ока) is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as the town of Kaluga. Its length is and its catchment area., Russian State Water Registry The Russian capital Moscow sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva.

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Olkhovatka

Olkhovatka (Ольховатка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

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Olshanka

Olshanka (Ольшанка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.

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Operation Bagration

Operation Bagration (Operatsiya Bagration) was the codename for the 1944 Soviet Byelorussian strategic offensive operation (Belorusskaya nastupatelnaya operatsiya "Bagration"), a military campaign fought between 22 June and 19 August 1944 in Soviet Byelorussia in the Eastern Front of World War II, just over two weeks after the start of Operation Overlord in the west, causing Nazi Germany to have to fight on two major fronts at the same time.

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Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. Eastern Front (World War II) and Operation Barbarossa are invasions of Russia.

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Operation Keelhaul

Operation Keelhaul was a forced repatriation of Soviet citizens and members of the Soviet Army in the West to the Soviet Union (although it often included former soldiers of the Russian Empire or Russian Republic, who did not have Soviet citizenship) after World War II.

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Operation Konrad

Operation Konrad was the German-Hungarian effort to relieve the encircled garrison of Budapest during the Battle of Budapest in January 1945.

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Operation Kutuzov

Operation Kutuzov was the first of the two counteroffensives launched by the Red Army as part of the Kursk Strategic Offensive Operation.

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Operation Mars

Operation Mars (Russian: Операция «Марс»), also known as the Second Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive Operation (Russian: Вторая Ржевско-Сычёвская наступательная операция), was the codename for an offensive launched by Soviet forces against German forces during World War II.

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Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.

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Operation Panzerfaust

Operation Panzerfaust (lit) was a military operation undertaken in October 1944 by the German Wehrmacht to ensure the Kingdom of Hungary would remain a German ally in World War II.

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Operation Silver Fox

Operation Silver Fox (Silberfuchs; Hopeakettu) from 29 June to 17 November 1941, was a joint German–Finnish military operation during the Continuation War on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Soviet Union.

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Operation Solstice

Operation Solstice (Unternehmen Sonnenwende), also known as Unternehmen Husarenritt or the Stargard tank battle, was one of the last German armoured offensive operations on the Eastern Front in World War II.

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Operation Spring Awakening

Operation Spring Awakening (Unternehmen Frühlingserwachen) was the last major German offensive of World War II.

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Operation Tempest

right Operation Tempest (akcja „Burza”, sometimes referred to in English as "Operation Storm") was a series of uprisings conducted during World War II against occupying German forces by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK), the dominant force in the Polish resistance.

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Operation Tidal Wave

Operation Tidal Wave was an air attack by bombers of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) based in Libya on nine oil refineries around Ploiești, Romania on 1 August 1943, during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Operation Tidal Wave

Operation Uranus

Operation Uranus (Operatsiya "Uran") was a Soviet 19–23 November 1942 strategic operation on the Eastern Front of World War II which led to the encirclement of Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad: the German Sixth Army, the Third and Fourth Romanian armies, and portions of the German Fourth Panzer Army.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Operation Uranus

Operation Winter Storm

Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter.), a German offensive in December 1942 during World War II, involved the German 4th Panzer Army failing to break the Soviet encirclement of the German 6th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Operation Winter Storm

Order No. 227

Order No.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Order No. 227

Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists

The Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN; Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv) was a Ukrainian nationalist organization established in 1929 in Vienna, uniting the Ukrainian Military Organization with smaller, mainly youth, radical nationalist right-wing groups.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists

Orsha

Orsha (Orša; Орша,; Orša, Orsza) is a city in Vitebsk Region, Belarus.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Orsha

Oryol

Oryol (a), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Oryol

Ostlegionen

Ostlegionen ("eastern legions"), Ost-Bataillone ("eastern battalions"), Osttruppen ("eastern troops"), and Osteinheiten ("eastern units") were units in the Army of Nazi Germany during World War II made up of personnel from the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Ostlegionen

Outline of World War II

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War II: World War II, or the Second World War was a global military conflict that was fought between September 1, 1939, and September 2, 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Outline of World War II

Palace of Versailles

The Palace of Versailles (château de Versailles) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Palace of Versailles

Panzer division (Wehrmacht)

A Panzer division was one of the armored (tank) divisions in the army of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Panzer division (Wehrmacht)

Panzer Leader (book)

Panzer Leader (Erinnerungen eines Soldaten, literally "Memories of a Soldier") is an autobiography by Heinz Guderian.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Panzer Leader (book)

Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland

The Großdeutschland", also commonly referred to simply as Großdeutschland or Großdeutschland Division, was an elite combat unit of the German Army (Heer) that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland

Paratrooper

A paratrooper or military parachutist is a soldier trained to conduct military operations by parachuting directly into an area of operations, usually as part of a large airborne forces unit.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Paratrooper

Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)

The Paris Peace Conference was a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, in which the victorious Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)

Partisan (military)

A partisan is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Partisan (military)

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.

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Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist

Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist (8 August 1881 – 13 November 1954) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist

Pavel Kurochkin

Pavel Alekseyevich Kurochkin (Па́вел Алексе́евич Ку́рочкин; – 28 December 1989) was a Soviet army commander.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Pavel Kurochkin

Pavel Zhigarev

Pavel Fyodorovich Zhigarev (Па́вел Фёдорович Жи́гарев; November 6, 1900 – August 2, 1963) was a Soviet commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) twice (1941–1942, 1949–1957), and also served as the Chief Marshal of Aviation from 1955–1959.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Pavel Zhigarev

Penal military unit

A penal military unit, also known as a penal formation, disciplinary unit, or just penal unit (usually named for their formation and size, such as penal battalion for battalions, penal regiment for regiments, penal company for companies, etc.), is a military formation consisting of convicts mobilized for military service.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Penal military unit

Peninsula

A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most sides.

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People's Commissariat

A People's Commissariat (narodnyy komissariat; Narkomat) was a structure in the Soviet state (in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in other union and autonomous republics, in the Soviet Union) from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry.

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Petre Dumitrescu

Petre Dumitrescu (18 February 1882 – 15 January 1950) was a Romanian general during World War II who led the Romanian Third Army on its campaign against the Red Army in the Eastern Front.

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Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan

The petroleum industry in Azerbaijan produces about of oil per day and 29 billion cubic meters of gas per year as of 2013.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan

Pincer movement

The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Pincer movement

Plavsk

Plavsk (Плавск) is a town and the administrative center of Plavsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Plava River.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Plavsk

Polish Armed Forces in the East

The Polish Armed Forces in the East (Polskie Siły Zbrojne na Wschodzie), also called Polish Army in the USSR, were the Polish military forces established in the Soviet Union during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Polish Armed Forces in the East

Polish Armed Forces in the West

The Polish Armed Forces in the West refers to the Polish military formations formed to fight alongside the Western Allies against Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Polish Armed Forces in the West

Polish Committee of National Liberation

The Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polish: Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN), also known as the Lublin Committee, was an executive governing authority established by the Soviet-backed communists in Poland at the later stage of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Polish Committee of National Liberation

Polish government-in-exile

The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Polish government-in-exile

Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (1952–1989), formerly the Republic of Poland (1947–1952), was a country in Central Europe that existed as the predecessor of the modern-day democratic Republic of Poland.

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Polish resistance movement in World War II

In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Polish resistance movement in World War II

Political commissar

In the military, a political commissar or political officer (or politruk, a portmanteau word from politicheskiy rukovoditel; or political instructor) is a supervisory officer responsible for the political education (ideology) and organization of the unit to which they are assigned, with the intention of ensuring political control of the military.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Political commissar

Poltava

Poltava (Полтава) is a city located on the Vorskla River in Central Ukraine.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Poltava

Pomerania

Pomerania (Pomorze; Pommern; Kashubian: Pòmòrskô; Pommern) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany.

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Ponyri

Ponyri (Поныри) is the name of several inhabited localities in Kursk Oblast, Russia.

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Popular Front (Spain)

The Popular Front (Frente Popular) was an electoral alliance and pact formed in January 1936 to contest that year's general election by various left-wing political organizations during the Second Spanish Republic.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Popular Front (Spain)

Poznań

Poznań is a city on the River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Poznań

Prague offensive

The Prague offensive (lit) was the last major military operation of World War II in Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Prague offensive

President of Germany (1919–1945)

The President of the Reich (Reichspräsident) was the German head of state under the Weimar constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and President of Germany (1919–1945)

Propaganda in Nazi Germany

The propaganda used by the German Nazi Party in the years leading up to and during Adolf Hitler's dictatorship of Germany from 1933 to 1945 was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power, and for the implementation of Nazi policies.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Propaganda in Nazi Germany

Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland

The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, RTRP) was created by the State National Council (Krajowa Rada Narodowa) on the night of 31 December 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland

Proxy war

In political science, a proxy war is as an armed conflict fought between two belligerents, wherein one belligerent is a non-state actor supported by an external third-party power.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Proxy war

Prut

The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth;, Прут) is a river in Eastern Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Prut

Pskov Oblast

Pskov Oblast (Pskovskaya oblast') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Pskov Oblast

Public holiday

A public holiday, national holiday, federal holiday, statutory holiday, or legal holiday is a holiday generally established by law and is usually a non-working day during the year.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Public holiday

Rabies

Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Rabies

Reconnaissance

In military operations, military reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, the terrain, and civil activities in the area of operations.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Reconnaissance

Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Red Army

Regiment

A regiment is a military unit.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Regiment

Reich Chancellery

The Reich Chancellery (Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945.

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Reichsführer-SS

Reichsführer-SS was a special title and rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 for the commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS).

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Reims

Reims (also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French department of Marne, and the 12th most populous city in France.

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Resource

Resource refers to all the materials available in our environment which are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally sustainable and help us to satisfy our needs and wants.

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Richard Overy

Richard James Overy (born 23 December 1947) is a British historian who has published on the history of World War II and Nazi Germany.

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Richard Sorge

Richard Sorge (Rikhard Gustavovich Zorge; 4 October 1895 – 7 November 1944) was a German journalist and Soviet military intelligence officer who was active before and during World War II and worked undercover as a German journalist in both Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Richard Sorge

Riposte

In fencing, a riposte (French for "retort") is an offensive action with the intent of hitting one's opponent made by the fencer who has just parried an attack.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Riposte

Risto Ryti

Risto Heikki Ryti (3 February 1889 – 25 October 1956) was a Finnish politician who served as the fifth president of Finland from 1940 to 1944.

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Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics

The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, often shortened to the Dole Institute, is a nonpartisan political institution located at the University of Kansas and founded by the former U.S. Senator from Kansas and 1996 Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole.

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Robert M. Citino

Robert M. Citino (born June 19, 1958) is an American military historian and the Samuel Zemurray Stone Senior Historian at the National WWII Museum.

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Rocket launcher

A rocket launcher is a weapon that launches an unguided, rocket-propelled projectile.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Rocket launcher

Rodion Malinovsky

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (Родио́н Я́ковлевич Малино́вский, Rodion Yakovych Malynovskyi; – 31 March 1967) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Rodion Malinovsky

Roman Rudenko

Roman Andreyevich Rudenko (Рома́н Андре́евич Руде́нко,; – 23 January 1981) was a Soviet lawyer and statesman.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Roman Rudenko

Romania in World War II

The Kingdom of Romania, under the rule of King Carol II, was initially a neutral country in World War II. Eastern Front (World War II) and Romania in World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Romania in World War II

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Royal Air Force

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Russia

Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Russian Civil War

Russian Liberation Army

The Russian Liberation Army (Russische Befreiungsarmee; Русская освободительная армия, Russkaya osvoboditel'naya armiya, abbreviated as РОА, ROA, also known as the Vlasov army (Власовская армия, Vlasovskaya armiya) was a collaborationist formation, primarily composed of Russians, that fought under German command during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Russian Liberation Army

Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Russian Revolution

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Rzhev

Rzhev (p) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Staritsa and from Tver, on the highway and railway connecting Moscow and Riga.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Saint Petersburg

Salient (military)

A salient, also known as a bulge, is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Salient (military)

Sönke Neitzel

Sönke Neitzel (born 26 June 1968) is a German historian who has written extensively about the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Sönke Neitzel

Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Schutzstaffel

Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy of destroying everything that allows an enemy military force to be able to fight a war, including the deprivation and destruction of water, food, humans, animals, plants and any kind of tools and infrastructure.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Scorched earth

Sea of Azov

The Sea of Azov is an inland shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea.

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Second Battle of Kharkov

The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Second Battle of Kharkov

Second Polish Army (1944–45)

The Polish Second Army (Druga Armia Wojska Polskiego, 2. AWP for short) was a Polish Army unit formed in the Soviet Union in 1944 as part of the People's Army of Poland.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Second Polish Army (1944–45)

Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Second Spanish Republic

Seelow Heights

The Seelow Heights are situated around the town of Seelow, about east of Berlin, and overlook the Oderbruch, the western flood plain of the River Oder, which is a further to the east.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Seelow Heights

Self-propelled artillery

Self-propelled artillery (also called locomotive artillery) is artillery equipped with its own propulsion system to move toward its firing position.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Self-propelled artillery

Semyon Budyonny

Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (a; – 26 October 1973) was a Soviet cavalryman, military commander during the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War and World War II, and politician, who was a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

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Semyon Timoshenko

Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Семён Константинович Тимошенко; Semen Kostiantynovych Tymoshenko; – 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and one of the most prominent Red Army commanders during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Semyon Timoshenko

Sergei Khudyakov

Sergei Alexandrovich Khudyakov (Սերգեյ Ալեքսանդրի Խուդյակով; Серге́й Алекса́ндрович Худяко́в); (born Armenak Artemi Khanferiants (Արմենակ Արտեմի Խանփերյանց, – 18 April 1950), was a Soviet Armenian Marshal of the aviation.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Sergei Khudyakov

Sevastopol

Sevastopol, sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea and a major port on the Black Sea.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Sevastopol

Severity Order

The Severity Order or Reichenau Order was the name given to an order promulgated within the German Sixth Army on the Eastern Front during World War II by Generalfeldmarschall Walter von Reichenau on 10 October 1941. Eastern Front (World War II) and Severity Order are eastern European theatre of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Severity Order

Shoulder mark

A shoulder mark, also called a rank slide or slip-on, is a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Shoulder mark

Siberia

Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Siberia

Siege of Leningrad

The Siege of Leningrad was a prolonged military siege undertaken by the Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Siege of Leningrad

Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)

The Siege of Sevastopol, also known as the Defence of Sevastopol (Oborona Sevastopolya) or the Battle of Sevastopol (Bătălia de la Sevastopol), was a military engagement that took place on the Eastern Front of the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)

Siemens and Halske T52

The Siemens & Halske T52, also known as the Geheimschreiber ("secret teleprinter"), or Schlüsselfernschreibmaschine (SFM), was a World War II German cipher machine and teleprinter produced by the electrical engineering firm Siemens & Halske.

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Silesia

Silesia (see names below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within modern Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Silesia

Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)

The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 (Конфликт на Китайско-Восточной железной дороге) was an armed conflict between the Soviet Union and the Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang of the Republic of China over the Chinese Eastern Railway (also known as the CER).

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)

Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Slavery

Slavic Review

The Slavic Review is a major peer-reviewed academic journal publishing scholarly studies, book and film reviews, and review essays in all disciplines concerned with "Eastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, past and present".

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Slavs

The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Slavs

Slovak National Uprising

The Slovak National Uprising (Slovenské národné povstanie, abbreviated SNP) was a military uprising organized by the Slovak resistance movement during World War II in central Slovakia. Eastern Front (World War II) and Slovak National Uprising are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

The (First) Slovak Republic ((Prvá) Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a partially-recognized clerical fascist client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945 in Central Europe. Eastern Front (World War II) and Slovak Republic (1939–1945) are eastern European theatre of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

Smolensk

Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow.

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Socialism in one country

Socialism in one country is a theory developed by Joseph Stalin to strengthen socialism within the country rather than socialism globally.

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Southeast Europe

Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Southeast Europe

Southern Front (Soviet Union)

The Southern Front was a front, a formation about the size of an army group of the Soviet Army during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Southern Front (Soviet Union)

Southwestern Front (Soviet Union)

The Southwestern Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War, formed thrice.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Southwestern Front (Soviet Union)

Soviet combat vehicle production during World War II

Soviet armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II from the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 was large.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet combat vehicle production during World War II

Soviet invasion of Manchuria

The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, formally known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation or simply the Manchurian Operation, began on 9 August 1945 with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet invasion of Manchuria

Soviet invasion of Poland

The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet invasion of Poland

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

Between 28 June and 3 July 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, following an ultimatum made to Romania on 26 June 1940 that threatened the use of force.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

Soviet occupation of Romania

The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet occupation of Romania

Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)

The Soviet occupation of the Baltic states covers the period from the Soviet–Baltic mutual assistance pacts in 1939, to their invasion and annexation in 1940, to the mass deportations of 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)

Soviet partisans

Soviet partisans were members of resistance movements that fought a guerrilla war against Axis forces during World War II in the Soviet Union, the previously Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland in 1941–45 and eastern Finland.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet partisans

Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)

The Soviet Union (USSR) occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944 Baltic Offensive during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)

Soviet repressions against former prisoners of war

From the beginning of the Second World War, the Soviet policy—intended to discourage defection—advertised that any soldier who had fallen into enemy hands, or simply encircled without capture, was guilty of high treason and subject to execution, confiscation of property, and reprisal against their families.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet repressions against former prisoners of war

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet Union

Soviet Union in World War II

After the Munich Agreement, the Soviet Union pursued a rapprochement with Nazi Germany. Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet Union in World War II are eastern European theatre of World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet Union in World War II

Soviet war crimes

From 1917 to 1991, a multitude of war crimes and crimes against humanity were carried out by the Soviet Union or any of its Soviet republics, including the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and its armed forces.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet war crimes

Soviet–Japanese border conflicts

The Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, also known as the Soviet-Japanese Border War, the First Soviet-Japanese War, the Russo-Mongolian-Japanese Border Wars or the Soviet-Mongolian-Japanese Border Wars, were a series of minor and major conflicts fought between the Soviet Union (led by Joseph Stalin), Mongolia (led by Khorloogiin Choibalsan) and Japan (led by Hirohito) in Northeast Asia from 1932 to 1939.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet–Japanese border conflicts

Soviet–Japanese War

The Soviet–Japanese War was a campaign of the Second World War that began with the Soviet invasion of Manchuria following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan on 8 August 1945.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Soviet–Japanese War

Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Spanish Civil War

Spanish coup of July 1936

The Spanish coup of July 1936(Golpe de Estado de España de julio de 1936 or, among the rebels, Alzamiento Nacional) was a military uprising that was intended to overthrow the Spanish Second Republic but precipitated the Spanish Civil War; Nationalists fought against Republicans for control of Spain.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Spanish coup of July 1936

Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.

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Sportpalast speech

The Sportpalast speech (Sportpalastrede) or Total War speech was a speech delivered by German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels at the Berlin ''Sportpalast'' to a large, carefully selected audience on 18 February 1943, as the tide of World War II was turning against Nazi Germany and its Axis allies.

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SS and police leader

The title of SS and Police Leader (SS und Polizeiführer) designated a senior Nazi Party official who commanded various components of the SS and the German uniformed police (Ordnungspolizei), before and during World War II in the German Reich proper and in the occupied territories.

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Stalin's ten blows

In Soviet historiography, Stalin's ten blows (Desyat' stalinskikh udarov) were the ten successful strategic offensives in Europe conducted by the Red Army in 1944 during World War II.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.

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Starvation

Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.

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Status quo ante bellum

The term status quo ante bellum is a Latin phrase meaning "the situation as it existed before the war".

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Stavka

The Stavka (Russian and Ukrainian: Ставка, Belarusian: Стаўка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces formerly used formerly in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine.

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Steppe Front

The Steppe Front (Степной фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War which existed from July to October 1943.

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Stralsund

Stralsund (Swedish: Strålsund), officially the Hanseatic City of Stralsund (German: Hansestadt Stralsund), is the fifth-largest city in the northeastern German federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostock, Schwerin, Neubrandenburg and Greifswald, and the second-largest city in the Pomeranian part of the state.

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Strategic bombing during World War II

World War II (1939–1945) involved sustained strategic bombing of railways, harbours, cities, workers' and civilian housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory. Strategic bombing as a military strategy is distinct both from close air support of ground forces and from tactical air power.

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Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II

The strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II were major military events carried out between 1941 and 1945 on the Eastern Front or in 1945 in the Far East during the Second World War.

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Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force

Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in northwest Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II.

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Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

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Szczecin

Szczecin (Stettin; Stettin; Sedinum or Stetinum) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland.

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T-34

The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank from World War II.

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Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and most populous city of Estonia.

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Tallinn offensive

The Tallinn offensive (Таллинская наступательная операция) was a strategic offensive by the Red Army's 2nd Shock and 8th armies and the Baltic Fleet against the German Army Detachment ''Narwa'' and Estonian units in mainland Estonia on the Eastern Front of World War II on 17–26 September 1944.

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Tanks in the German Army

This article deals with the tanks (Panzer) serving in the German Army (Deutsches Heer) throughout history, such as the World War I tanks of the Imperial German Army, the interwar and World War II tanks of the Nazi German Wehrmacht, the Cold War tanks of the West German and East German Armies, all the way to the present day tanks of the Bundeswehr.

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Tehran Conference

The Tehran Conference (codenamed Eureka) was a strategy meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943.

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Territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II

At the end of World War II, Poland underwent major changes to the location of its international border.

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Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union

Seventeen days after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of the Second World War, the Soviet Union entered the eastern regions of Poland (known as the Kresy) and annexed territories totalling with a population of 13,299,000.

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The Agenda

The Agenda with Steve Paikin, or simply The Agenda, is the flagship current affairs television program of TVOntario (TVO), Ontario's public broadcaster.

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The American Historical Review

The American Historical Review is a quarterly academic history journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, for which it is its official publication.

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The Battle of Russia

The Battle of Russia (1943) is the fifth film of Frank Capra's Why We Fight documentary series.

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The Economic History Review

The Economic History Review is a peer-reviewed history journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Economic History Society.

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The English Historical Review

The English Historical Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1886 and published by Oxford University Press (formerly by Longman).

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.

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The Journal of Military History

The Journal of Military History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the military history of all times and places.

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The Journal of Modern History

The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press.

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The National WWII Museum

The National WWII Museum, formerly known as The National D-Day Museum, is a military history museum located in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., on Andrew Higgins Drive between Camp Street and Magazine Street.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Theater (warfare)

In warfare, a theater or theatre is an area in which important military events occur or are in progress.

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Third Army (Romania)

The 3rd Army (Armata a 3-a Română) was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.

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Third Battle of Kharkov

The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by Army Group South of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Red Army, around the city of Kharkov between 19 February and 15 March 1943.

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Tiger I

The Tiger I was a German heavy tank of World War II that began operational duty in 1942 in Africa and in the Soviet Union, usually in independent heavy tank battalions.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Timeline of the Eastern Front of World War II

The Eastern Front was a theatre of World War II which primarily involved combat between the nations and allies of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

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Torgau

Torgau is a town on the banks of the Elbe in northwestern Saxony, Germany.

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Total war

Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all (including civilian-associated) resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.

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Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.

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Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

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Treaty

A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement concluded by sovereign states in international law.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria), by which Russia withdrew from World War I. The treaty, which followed months of negotiations after the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917, was signed at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus).

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Trench warfare

Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.

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Tripartite Pact

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano, and Saburō Kurusu (in that order) and in the presence of Adolf Hitler.

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Truck

A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport freight, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work.

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Tsardom of Bulgaria

The Tsardom of Bulgaria was the name of the Bulgarian state from Simeon's assumption of the title of Tsar in 913 until the Fatherland Front's foundation of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946.

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Tula, Russia

Tula (Тула) is the largest city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast in Russia, located south of Moscow.

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TVO

TVO (stylized in all lowercase as tvo), formerly known as TVOntario, is a publicly funded English-language educational television network and media organization serving the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Two-front war

According to military terminology, a two-front war occurs when opposing forces encounter on two geographically separate fronts.

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U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center

The United States Army Heritage and Education Center (USAHEC), at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, is the U.S. Army's primary historical research facility.

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Ukrainian Liberation Army

The Ukrainian Liberation Army (Українське Визвольне Військо, УВВ; Ukrainske Vyzvolne Viysko, UVV) was an umbrella organization created in 1943, providing collective name for all Ukrainian units serving with the German Army during World War II.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.

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Uman

Uman (Умань) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine.

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Unconditional surrender

An unconditional surrender is a surrender in which no guarantees, reassurances, or promises (i.e., conditions) are given to the surrendering party.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Army Air Forces

The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and de facto aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II (1941–1947).

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United States Army Command and General Staff College

The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or, obsolete, USACGSC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is a graduate school for United States Army and sister service officers, interagency representatives, and international military officers.

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United States Army War College

The United States Army War College (USAWC) is a U.S. Army educational institution in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on the 500-acre (2 km2) campus of the historic Carlisle Barracks.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.

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Untermensch

Untermensch (plural: Untermenschen) is a German language word literally meaning 'underman', 'sub-man', or 'subhuman', that was extensively used by Germany's Nazi Party to refer to non-Aryan people they deemed as inferior.

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Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk; Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Horní Slezsko;; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic.

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Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains (p), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through the Russian Federation, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.

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Vasily Chuikov

Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (Васи́лий Ива́нович Чуйко́в,; – 18 March 1982) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Vasily Sokolovsky

Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky (Васи́лий Дани́лович Соколо́вский; July 21, 1897 – May 10, 1968) was a Soviet general, military theorist, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and a commander of Red Army forces during World War II.

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Velikiye Luki

Velikiye Luki (p; lit. great meanders. Г. П. Смолицкая. "Топонимический словарь Центральной России". "Армада-Пресс", 2002 (G. P. Smolitskaya. Toponymic Dictionary of Central Russia. Armada-Press, 2002) or longbows) is a town in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the meandering Lovat River.

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Veliky Novgorod

Veliky Novgorod (lit), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia.

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Velizh

Velizh (Ве́лиж) is a town and the administrative center of Velizhsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Western Dvina, from Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

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Victory Day (9 May)

Victory Day День Победы, Deň Pobedy Дзень Перамогі Dzěň Pěramohi Ғалаба куни, Gʻalaba kuni/Ğalaba Kuni Жеңіс Күні, Jeñis Küni გამარჯვების დღე, Gamarjvebis dğe Qələbə Günü Ziua Victoriei Жеңиш майрамы Ceñiş Mayramı Рӯзи Ғалаба, Rúzi Calaba Հաղթանակի օրը, Haqtanaki orë Ýeňişlar Harçlaarsiň is a holiday that commemorates the victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany in 1945.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

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Vinnytsia

Vinnytsia (Вінниця) is a city in Central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.

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Vistula

The Vistula (Wisła,, Weichsel) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length.

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Vistula Spit

The Vistula Spit (Mierzeja Wiślana; translit; Danziger Nehrung, Frische Nehrung; Dantzker Nearing) is an aeolian sand spit, or peninsular stretch of land, separating Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay, in the Baltic Sea, with its tip separated from the mainland by the Strait of Baltiysk.

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Vistula–Oder offensive

The Vistula–Oder offensive was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front in the European theatre of World War II in January 1945.

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VKT-line

The VKT-line or Viipuri–Kuparsaari–Taipale line (VKT-linja, VKT-linjen) was a Finnish defensive line.

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Volga

The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.

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Volgograd

Volgograd (p), formerly Tsaritsyn (label) (1589–1925) and Stalingrad (label) (1925–1961), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia.

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Volkhov (river)

The Volkhov (Во́лхов; Veps: Olhav, Olhavanjogi) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia.

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Volkhov Front

The Volkhov Front (Волховский фронт) was a major formation of the Red Army during the first period of the Second World War.

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VT-line

The Vammelsuu–Taipale line (VT-linja; VT-linjen; Карельский вал) was a Finnish defensive line on the Karelian Isthmus built in 1942–1944 during the Continuation War and running from Vammelsuu on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland through Kuuterselkä and Kivennapa and along Taipaleenjoki to Taipale on the western shore of Lake Ladoga.

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Vyazma

Vyazma (Вязьма) is a town and the administrative center of Vyazemsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyazma River, about halfway between Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast, and Mozhaysk.

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Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive

The Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive or Karelian offensive was a strategic operation by the Soviet Leningrad and Karelian Fronts against Finland on the Karelian Isthmus and East Karelia fronts of the Continuation War, on the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation.

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Walter Model

Otto Moritz Walter Model (24 January 1891 – 21 April 1945) was a German Generalfeldmarschall during World War II.

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Walther von Brauchitsch

Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch (4 October 1881 – 18 October 1948) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) and Commander-in-Chief (Oberbefehlshaber) of the German Army during the first two years of World War II.

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War of annihilation

A war of annihilation (Vernichtungskrieg) or war of extermination is a type of war in which the goal is the complete annihilation of a state, a people or an ethnic minority through genocide or through the destruction of their livelihood.

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Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship

Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship is a voivodeship (province) in northeastern Poland.

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Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising (powstanie warszawskie; Warschauer Aufstand), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (powstanie sierpniowe), was a major World War II operation by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.

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Władysław Anders

Władysław Albert Anders (11 August 1892 – 12 May 1970) was a general in the Polish Army and later in life a politician and prominent member of the Polish government-in-exile in London.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts

Among the approximately one million foreign volunteers and conscripts who served in the Wehrmacht during World War II were ethnic Belgians, Czechs, Dutch, Finns, Danes, French, Hungarians, Norwegians, Poles, Portuguese, Swedes, Swiss along with people from Great Britain, Ireland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Balkans.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts

Western Belorussia

Western Belorussia or Western Belarus (translit; Zachodnia Białoruś; translit) is a historical region of modern-day Belarus which belonged to the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period.

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Western Front (Soviet Union)

The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.

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Western Front (World War II)

The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theatre. The Western Front's 1944–1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with the North African campaign. Eastern Front (World War II) and Western Front (World War II) are European theatre of World War II.

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Why We Fight

Why We Fight is a series of seven propaganda films produced by the US Department of War from 1942 to 1945, during World War II.

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Wilhelm Keitel

Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (22 September 188216 October 1946) was a German field marshal who held office as chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the high command of Nazi Germany's armed forces, during World War II.

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Wilhelm List

Wilhelm List (14 May 1880 – 17 August 1971) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) during World War II who was convicted of war crimes by a US Army tribunal after the war.

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Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb

Wilhelm Josef Franz Ritter von Leeb (5 September 1876 – 29 April 1956) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, who was subsequently convicted of war crimes.

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Willi Lehmann

Willi (Willy) Lehmann (15 March 1884 – 13 December 1942) was a police official and Soviet agent in Nazi Germany.

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William L. Shirer

William Lawrence Shirer (February 23, 1904 – December 28, 1993) was an American journalist and war correspondent.

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Winter War

The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. Eastern Front (World War II) and Winter War are eastern European theatre of World War II.

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Withdrawal (military)

A tactical withdrawal or retreating defensive action is a type of military operation, generally meaning that retreating forces draw back while maintaining contact with the enemy.

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Women in the Russian and Soviet military

Women in the Russian and Soviet militaries have played many roles in their country's military history.

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Women in World War II

Women took on many different roles during World War II, including as combatants and workers on the home front.

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World revolution

World revolution is the Marxist concept of overthrowing capitalism in all countries through the conscious revolutionary action of the organized working class.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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World War II casualties

World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.

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World War II in Yugoslavia

World War II in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia began on 6 April 1941, when the country was invaded and swiftly conquered by Axis forces and partitioned among Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and their client regimes.

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Wounded in action

Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Yakov Cherevichenko

Yakov Timofeyevich Cherevichenko (Я́ков Тимофе́евич Черевиче́нко; 12 October 1894 – 4 July 1976) was a Soviet military leader and colonel general.

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Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference (Yaltinskaya konferentsiya), held 4–11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Yalta Conference

Zapadnaya Litsa (river)

The Zapadnaya Litsa (Западная Лица; Sapadnaja Liza; Litsajoki) is a river in the north of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Zapadnaya Litsa (river)

Zaporizhzhia

Zaporizhzhia (Запоріжжя,; Zaporozhye), formerly known as Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Zaporizhzhia

Zhizdra (river)

The Zhizdra is a river in Kaluga Oblast in Russia, a left tributary of the Oka.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Zhizdra (river)

Zhytomyr

Zhytomyr (Житомир; see below for other names) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Zhytomyr

Zygmunt Berling

Zygmunt Henryk Berling (27 April 1896 – 11 July 1980) was a Polish general and politician.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and Zygmunt Berling

11th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 11th Army (11.) was a World War II field army.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 11th Army (Wehrmacht)

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) (14.; translit), commonly referred to as the Galicia Division, was a World War II infantry division of the Waffen-SS, the military wing of the German Nazi Party, made up predominantly of volunteers with a Ukrainian ethnic background from the area of Galicia, later also with some Slovaks.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

16th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 16th Army (16.) was a World War II field army of the Wehrmacht.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 16th Army (Wehrmacht)

17th Army (Wehrmacht)

The German Seventeenth Army was a field army of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 17th Army (Wehrmacht)

18th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 18th Army (German: 18. Armee) was a World War II field army in the German Wehrmacht.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 18th Army (Wehrmacht)

1936 Spanish general election

Legislative elections were held in Spain on 16 February 1936.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1936 Spanish general election

1944 Bulgarian coup d'état

The 1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, also known as the 9 September coup d'état (Devetoseptemvriyski prevrat), was a coup that overthrew the government of Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out on the eve of 9 September 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1944 Bulgarian coup d'état

1944 Romanian coup d'état

The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1944 Romanian coup d'état

1945 Moscow Victory Parade

The 1945 Moscow Victory Parade (r), also known as the Parade of Victors (r), was a victory parade held by the Soviet Armed Forces (with the Color Guard Company representing the First Polish Army) after the defeat of Nazi Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1945 Moscow Victory Parade

1st Air Army

The 1st Air Army (1-я воздушная армия) was an Air Army in the Soviet Air Force which served during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Air Army

1st Belorussian Front

The 1st Belorussian Front (Пéрвый Белорусский фронт, Pervyy Belorusskiy front, also romanized "Byelorussian"), known without a numeral as the Belorussian Front between October 1943 and February 1944, was a major formation of the Red Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Belorussian Front

1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union

The 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps (První československý armádní sbor, Prvý československý armádny zbor), also known as Svoboda's Army (Svobodova armáda, after its commander Ludvík Svoboda), was a military formation of the Czechoslovak Army in exile fighting on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviet Red Army in World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union

1st Panzer Army

The 1st Panzer Army (1.) was a German tank army that was a large armoured formation of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Panzer Army

1st Shock Army

The 1st Shock Army (1-я ударная армия) was a field army established by the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Shock Army

1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division

The Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division (1 Polska Dywizja Piechoty im.) was an infantry division in the Polish armed forces formed in 1943 and named for the Polish and American revolutionary Tadeusz Kościuszko.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division

1st Ukrainian Front

The 1st Ukrainian Front (Пéрвый Украи́нский фронт), previously the Voronezh Front (label), was a major formation of the Red Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 1st Ukrainian Front

20 July plot

The 20 July plot was a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, the chancellor and leader of Nazi Germany, and overthrow the Nazi regime on 20 July 1944.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 20 July plot

20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)

The 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) was a foreign infantry division of the Waffen-SS that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)

21st Army Group

The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 21st Army Group

2nd Army (Wehrmacht)

The 2nd Army (2.) was a field army of the German Army during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 2nd Army (Wehrmacht)

2nd Belorussian Front

The 2nd Belorussian Front (Второй Белорусский фронт, Vtoroi Belorusskiy front, also romanized "Byelorussian"), was a major formation of the Soviet Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 2nd Belorussian Front

2nd Panzer Army

The 2nd Panzer Army (2.) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 2nd Panzer Group on October 5, 1941.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 2nd Panzer Army

2nd Shock Army

The 2nd Shock Army (2-я Ударная армия), sometimes translated to English as 2nd Assault Army, was a field army of the Soviet Union during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 2nd Shock Army

33rd Army (Soviet Union)

The Red Army's 33rd Army was a Soviet field army during the Second World War.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 33rd Army (Soviet Union)

369th Croatian Reinforced Infantry Regiment (Wehrmacht)

The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment (369.) was a regiment of the German Army raised to fight on the Eastern Front during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 369th Croatian Reinforced Infantry Regiment (Wehrmacht)

3rd Panzer Army

The 3rd Panzer Army (3.) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 3rd Panzer Group on 1 January 1942.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 3rd Panzer Army

43rd Army (Soviet Union)

The 43rd Army was a Red Army field army of World War II that served on the Eastern Front.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 43rd Army (Soviet Union)

4th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 4th Army was a field army of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 4th Army (Wehrmacht)

4th Panzer Army

The 4th Panzer Army (4.), operating as Panzer Group 4 (label) from its formation on 15 February 1941 to 1 January 1942, was a German panzer formation during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 4th Panzer Army

58th Guards Rifle Division

The 58th Guards Rifle Division was an elite Guards infantry division of the Red Army during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 58th Guards Rifle Division

5th Combined Arms Army

The 5th Guards Combined Arms Red Banner Army (5-я гвардейская общевойсковая армия) is a Russian Ground Forces formation in the Eastern Military District.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 5th Combined Arms Army

5th Guards Army

The 5th Guards Army was a Soviet Guards formation which fought in many critical actions during World War II under the command of General Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 5th Guards Army

5th Guards Tank Army

The 5th Guards Tank Army (Russian: 5-я гварде́йская та́нковая а́рмия) was a Soviet Guards armored formation which fought in many notable actions during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 5th Guards Tank Army

5th SS Panzer Division Wiking

The 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking (5. SS-Panzerdivision Wiking.) or SS Division Wiking was an infantry and later an armoured division among the thirty-eight Waffen-SS divisions of Nazi Germany.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking

69th Infantry Division (United States)

The 69th Infantry Division, nicknamed the "fighting 69th," was a Division of the United States Army formed during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 69th Infantry Division (United States)

6th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 6th Army (6.) was a field army of the German Army during World War II.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 6th Army (Wehrmacht)

9th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 9th Army (9.) was a World War II field army.

See Eastern Front (World War II) and 9th Army (Wehrmacht)

See also

European theatre of World War II

• 305th Air Division
• 306th Fighter Wing
• 55th Fighter Wing
• Altmark incident
• Battle of Britain Day
• Defence of the Reich
• Eastern Front (World War II)
• End of World War II in Europe
• European theatre of World War II
• Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
• Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
• Ninth Air Force
• Résistance Joué-du-Plain and the Assassination of Emile Buffon
• Twelfth Air Force
• War in Europe (game)
• Washing Machine Charlie
• Western Front (World War II)

Invasions of Russia

• Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
• Attrition warfare against Napoleon
• Caucasus campaign
• Continuation War
• Crimean War
• Eastern Front (World War I)
• Eastern Front (World War II)
• French invasion of Russia
• Ingrian War
• Japanese intervention in Siberia
• Japanese invasion of Sakhalin
• Livonian campaign against Rus'
• Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
• Operation Barbarossa
• Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)
• Polish–Soviet War
• Russo-Crimean Wars
• Swedish invasion of Russia
• War in Dagestan (1999)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)

Also known as Axis-Soviet War, East Front (WWII), East Front of the Second World War, Eastern Allied invasion of Germany, Eastern Front (Second World War), Eastern Front (Soviet-German War), Eastern Front (WW2), Eastern Front (WWII), Eastern Front (World War 2), Eastern Front (World War Two), Eastern Front in World War II, Eastern Front of WWII, Eastern Front of World War II, German Soviet War, German-Soviet War, Great Patriotic War, Great Patriotic War (Soviet-German War), Invasion of Germany by the Soviet Union, Military history of the Soviet Union in World War II, Nazi-Soviet War, Ostfeldzug, Ostfront, Ostkrieg, Russia In World War Two, Russian Army Repels Hitler's Forces, Russian winter offensive of 1941-1942, Russo-Soviet War, Soviet Offensive (1942-1943), Soviet Winter Offensive (1945), Soviet invasion of Germany, Soviet-German War, Soviet-German War (Eastern Front), Soviet-German War (Great Patriotic War), Soviet-German front, The Great Patriotic War, WWII in Russia, World War II Soviet military history, World war two eastern front, Великая Отечественная Война.

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