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196 relations: Africa, Africa–China economic relations, African Central Bank, African century, African Development Bank, African diaspora, African Economic Community, African Economic Outlook, African Investment Bank, African Monetary Fund, African Monetary Union, African Union, Agricultural diversification, Agricultural subsidy, Agriculture, Algeria, Amartya Sen, Ancient Egypt, Angola, Arab Maghreb Union, Ashanti Empire, Bank of Central African States, Benin, Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Bus rapid transit, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Capital flight, Car, Central African Republic, Central bank, Central Bank of West African States, CFA franc, Chad, China, Chinese economic reform, Cold War, Common Agricultural Policy, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Common Monetary Area, Community of Sahel-Saharan States, Comoros, Confiscation, Currency union, Customs union, Dangote Cement, David Kenneth Fieldhouse, ..., Decolonisation of Africa, Democracy Now!, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Demographics of Africa, Dependency theory, Despotism, Developing country, Development aid, Djibouti, East African Community, East Asia, Economic and monetary union, Economic Community of Central African States, Economic Community of West African States, Economic development, Economic growth, Economic history of Africa, Economic potential, Economic rent, Economy of Asia, Economy of Botswana, Egypt, Electricity, Endemic warfare, English language, Environmental determinism, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Europe, European Union, Financial capital, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, First language, Foreign Policy in Focus, Frantz Fanon, Free-trade area, French language, Gabon, Ghana, Global Peace Index, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guns, Germs, and Steel, Heavily indebted poor countries, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Human resources, Indian Ocean, Industry, Information and communications technology, Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, International Monetary Fund, Ivory Coast, James Morris Blaut, Jared Diamond, John Fage, John Thornton (historian), Kenya, Kwame Nkrumah, Lagos, Land grabbing, Languages of Africa, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Linguistic diversity index, List of African countries by population, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of countries by GDP (PPP), List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita, List of countries by Human Development Index, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mancur Olson, Marxism, Mauritania, Mauritius, Millennium Development Goals, Monthly Review, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niall Ferguson, Niger, Nigeria, Nissan, North America, Nubia, Ogun State, Orders of magnitude (numbers), Ottoman Empire, Overproduction, Overseas Development Institute, Oyo Empire, Political corruption, Portuguese language, Poverty in Africa, Protectionism, Republic of the Congo, Road, Rwanda, Samir Amin, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Single market, Slavery in Africa, Smartphone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Southern African Development Community, Sport utility vehicle, Stock exchange, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tariff, Telecommunication, The Economist, The Gambia, The Guardian, Togo, Trade, Truck, Tunisia, Uganda, Underdevelopment, United Nations, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Development Programme, United States Department of Agriculture, United States dollar, United States of Africa, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Walter Rodney, World Bank, World Bank Institute, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Expand index (146 more) »
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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Africa–China economic relations
Economic relations between China and Africa, one part of more general Africa–China relations, began centuries ago and continue through the present day.
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African Central Bank
The African Central Bank (ACB) is one of the original five financial institutions and specialized agencies of the African Union.
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African century
African century is the belief or hope that the 21st century will bring peace, prosperity and cultural revival to Africa.
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African Development Bank
The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution.
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African diaspora
The African diaspora consists of the worldwide collection of communities descended from Africa's peoples, predominantly in the Americas.
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African Economic Community
The African Economic Community (AEC) is an organization of African Union states establishing grounds for mutual economic development among the majority of African states.
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African Economic Outlook
African Economic Outlook is an annual reference book-journal which focuses on the economics of most African countries.
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African Investment Bank
The African Investment Bank (AIB) is one of three financial institutions of the African Union (AU) along with the African Monetary Fund and the African Central Bank.
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African Monetary Fund
The Africa Monetary Fund is a planned African Union financial institution, though in time its responsibilities will be transferred to the African Central Bank.
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African Monetary Union
The African Monetary Union is the proposed creation of an economic and monetary union for the countries of the African Union, administered by the African Central Bank.
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African Union
The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent, extending slightly into Asia via the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
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Agricultural diversification
In the agricultural context, diversification can be regarded as the re-allocation of some of a farm's productive resources, such as land, capital, farm equipment and pices to other farmers and, particularly in richer countries, non-farming activities such as restaurants and shops.
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Agricultural subsidy
An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to agribusinesses, agricultural organizations and farms to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Algeria
Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.
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Amartya Sen
Amartya Kumar Sen, CH, FBA (born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher, who since 1972 has taught and worked in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
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Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.
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Arab Maghreb Union
The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU); اتحاد المغرب العربي) is a trade agreement aiming for economic and future political unity among Arab countries of the Maghreb in North Africa. Its members are the nations of Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. The Union has been unable to achieve tangible progress on its goals due to deep economic and political disagreements between Morocco and Algeria regarding, among others, the issue of Western Sahara. No high level meetings have taken place since 3 July 2008 and commentators regard the Union as largely dormant.
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Ashanti Empire
The Ashanti Empire (also spelled Asante) was an Akan empire and kingdom in what is now modern-day Ghana from 1670 to 1957.
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Bank of Central African States
The Bank of Central African States (Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale, BEAC) is a central bank that serves six central African countries which form the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa.
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Benin
Benin (Bénin), officially the Republic of Benin (République du Bénin) and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.
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Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications
Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications (BLP) is a radical London-based publishing company founded in 1968 by Guyanese activists Jessica Huntley (23 February 1927 – 13 October 2013)Margaret Busby,, The Guardian, 27 October 2013.
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Botswana
Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.
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Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa.
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Burundi
Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi (Republika y'Uburundi,; République du Burundi, or), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.
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Bus rapid transit
Bus rapid transit (BRT, BRTS, busway, transitway) is a bus-based public transport system designed to improve capacity and reliability relative to a conventional bus system.
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Cameroon
No description.
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Cape Verde
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean.
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Capital flight
Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an event of economic consequence.
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Car
A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.
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Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; République centrafricaine, or Centrafrique) is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
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Central bank
A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.
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Central Bank of West African States
The Central Bank of West African States (Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA).
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CFA franc
The CFA franc (in French: franc CFA, or colloquially franc) is the name of two currencies used in parts of West and Central African countries which are guaranteed by the French treasury.
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Chad
Chad (تشاد; Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad ("Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China, led by Deng Xiaoping.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Common Agricultural Policy
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the agricultural policy of the European Union.
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Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is a free trade area with nineteen member states stretching from Libya to Swaziland.
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Common Monetary Area
The Common Monetary Area (CMA) links South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland into a monetary union.
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Community of Sahel-Saharan States
The Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD; Arabic:; French: Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens; Portuguese: Comunidade dos Estados Sahelo-Saarianos) aims to create a free trade area within Africa.
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Comoros
The Comoros (جزر القمر), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, Union des Comores, الاتحاد القمري), is a sovereign archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar.
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Confiscation
Confiscation (from the Latin confiscare "to consign to the fiscus, i.e. transfer to the treasury") is a legal form of seizure by a government or other public authority.
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Currency union
A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market).
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Customs union
A customs union was defined by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.
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Dangote Cement
Dangote Cement Plc is a Nigerian multinational publicly traded cement manufacturer headquartered in Lagos.
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David Kenneth Fieldhouse
David Kenneth Fieldhouse, FBA (born 7 June 1925) is a prominent historian of the British Empire who between 1981 and 1992 held the Vere Harmsworth Professorship of Imperial and Naval History at the University of Cambridge.
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Decolonisation of Africa
The decolonisation of Africa took place in the mid-to-late 1950s, very suddenly, with little preparation.
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Democracy Now!
Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman and Juan González.
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo), also known as DR Congo, the DRC, Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo, is a country located in Central Africa.
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Demographics of Africa
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century, and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries.
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Dependency theory
Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
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Despotism
Despotism (Δεσποτισμός, Despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Development aid
Development aid or development cooperation (also development assistance, technical assistance, international aid, overseas aid, official development assistance (ODA), or foreign aid) is financial aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries.
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Djibouti
Djibouti (جيبوتي, Djibouti, Jabuuti, Gabuuti), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
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East African Community
The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organization composed of six countries in the African Great Lakes region in eastern Africa: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
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East Asia
East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.
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Economic and monetary union
An economic and monetary union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of an economic union (common market and customs union) with a monetary union.
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Economic Community of Central African States
The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS; Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale, CEEAC; Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Central, CEEAC; Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Central, CEEAC) is an Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa.
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Economic Community of West African States
The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a regional economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa.
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Economic development
economic development wikipedia Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.
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Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.
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Economic history of Africa
The earliest humans were hunter gatherers who were living in small, family groupings.
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Economic potential
Economic potential refers to the potential of a region, nation, or corporation for economic development and growth and creation of surplus value.
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Economic rent
In economics, economic rent is any payment to an owner or factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production.
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Economy of Asia
The economy of Asia comprises more than 4.5 billion people (60% of the world population) living in 49 different nation states.
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Economy of Botswana
Since gaining independence, Botswana has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies,http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana/overview averaging about 5% per annum over the past decade.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Electricity
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.
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Endemic warfare
Endemic warfare is a state of continual or frequent warfare, such as is found in some tribal societies (but is not limited to tribal societies).
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Environmental determinism
Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories.
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Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea (Guinea Ecuatorial, Guinée équatoriale, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (República de Guinea Ecuatorial, République de Guinée équatoriale, República da Guiné Equatorial), is a country located in Central Africa, with an area of.
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Eritrea
Eritrea (ኤርትራ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa, with its capital at Asmara.
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Financial capital
Financial capital is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based, i.e. retail, corporate, investment banking, etc.
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Financial crisis of 2007–2008
The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
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First language
A first language, native language or mother/father/parent tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.
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Foreign Policy in Focus
Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF) is a project of the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC.
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Frantz Fanon
Frantz Fanon (20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961) was a Martinican psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and writer whose works are influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory, and Marxism.
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Free-trade area
A free-trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement (FTA).
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Gabon
Gabon, officially the Gabonese Republic (République gabonaise), is a sovereign state on the west coast of Central Africa.
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Ghana
Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.
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Global Peace Index
Global Peace Index (GPI) measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness.
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Guinea
Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a country on the western coast of Africa.
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Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (República da Guiné-Bissau), is a sovereign state in West Africa.
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Guns, Germs, and Steel
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (also titled Guns, Germs and Steel: A short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years) is a 1997 transdisciplinary non-fiction book by Jared Diamond, professor of geography and physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
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Heavily indebted poor countries
The heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) are a group of 37 developing countries with high levels of poverty and debt overhang which are eligible for special assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
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How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is a 1972 book written by Walter Rodney that takes the view that Africa was deliberately exploited and underdeveloped by European colonial regimes.
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Human resources
Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy.
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Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).
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Industry
Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy.
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Information and communications technology
Information and communication technology (ICT) is another/extensional term for information technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
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Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing
Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Co.
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Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques
The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques), abbreviated INSEE, is the national statistics bureau of France.
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Intergovernmental Authority on Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is an eight-country trade bloc in Africa.
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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.
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Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a sovereign state located in West Africa.
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James Morris Blaut
James Morris Blaut (October 20, 1927 – November 11, 2000) was a professor of anthropology and geography at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
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Jared Diamond
Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American ecologist, geographer, biologist, anthropologist and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee (1991); Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997, awarded a Pulitzer Prize); Collapse (2005); and The World Until Yesterday (2012).
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John Fage
John Donnelly Fage (3 June 1921 – 6 August 2002) was a British historian.
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John Thornton (historian)
John K. Thornton is an American historian specializing in the history of Africa, the African Diaspora and the Atlantic world.
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Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi.
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Kwame Nkrumah
Kwame Nkrumah PC (21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician and revolutionary.
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Lagos
Lagos is a city in the Nigerian state of Lagos.
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Land grabbing
Land grabbing is the contentious issue of large-scale land acquisitions: the buying or leasing of large pieces of land by domestic and transnational companies, governments, and individuals.
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Languages of Africa
The languages of Africa are divided into six major language families.
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Lesotho
Lesotho officially the Kingdom of Lesotho ('Muso oa Lesotho), is an enclaved country in southern Africa.
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Liberia
Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.
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Libya
Libya (ليبيا), officially the State of Libya (دولة ليبيا), is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
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Linguistic diversity index
Linguistic diversity index (LDI) may refer to either Greenberg’s (language) Diversity Index or the related Index of Linguistic Diversity (ILD) from Terralingua, which measures changes in the underlying LDI over time.
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List of African countries by population
This is a list of African countries and dependent territories sorted by population, which is sorted by the 2015 mid-year normalized demographic projections.
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List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
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List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The world sorted by their gross domestic product per capita at nominal values.
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List of countries by GDP (PPP)
This article includes a list of countries by their forecasted estimated gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity, abbreviated GDP (PPP).
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List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
Three lists of countries below calculate gross domestic product (at purchasing power parity) per capita, i.e., the purchasing power parity (PPP) value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.
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List of countries by Human Development Index
This is a list of all the countries by the Human Development Index as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report.
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Madagascar
Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.
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Malawi
Malawi (or; or maláwi), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland.
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Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa, a region geologically identified with the West African Craton.
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Mancur Olson
Mancur Lloyd Olson Jr. (or; January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was an American economist and social scientist who taught economics at the University of Maryland, College Park.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Mauritania
Mauritania (موريتانيا; Gànnaar; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; Mauritanie), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwestern Africa.
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Mauritius
Mauritius (or; Maurice), officially the Republic of Mauritius (République de Maurice), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent.
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Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
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Monthly Review
The Monthly Review, established in 1949, is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City.
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Morocco
Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.
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Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest.
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Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German:; Republiek van Namibië), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean.
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Niall Ferguson
Niall Campbell Ferguson (born 18 April 1964) Niall Ferguson is a conservative British historian and political commentator.
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Niger
Niger, also called the Niger officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa named after the Niger River.
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Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.
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Nissan
, usually shortened to Nissan (or; Japanese), is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between Aswan in southern Egypt and Khartoum in central Sudan.
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Ogun State
Ogun State is a state in southwestern Nigeria.
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Orders of magnitude (numbers)
This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantity and probabilities.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Overproduction
In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market.
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Overseas Development Institute
The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is an independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues, founded in 1960.
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Oyo Empire
The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire of what is today Western and North central Nigeria.
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Political corruption
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.
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Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.
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Poverty in Africa
Poverty in Africa refers to the lack of basic human needs faced by certain people in African society.
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Protectionism
Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.
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Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo (République du Congo), also known as the Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.
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Road
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.
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Rwanda
Rwanda (U Rwanda), officially the Republic of Rwanda (Repubulika y'u Rwanda; République du Rwanda), is a sovereign state in Central and East Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland.
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Samir Amin
Samir Amin (سمير أمين) (born 3 September 1931) is an Egyptian-French Marxian economist.
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São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa.
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Senegal
Senegal (Sénégal), officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa.
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Seychelles
Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.
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Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.
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Single market
A single market is a type of trade bloc in which most trade barriers have been removed (for goods) with some common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production (capital and labour) and of enterprise and services.
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Slavery in Africa
Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa, and still continues today in some countries.
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Smartphone
A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi.
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Somalia
Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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South Sudan
South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa.
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Southern African Development Community
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana.
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Sport utility vehicle
Sport-utility (vehicle), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, typically a kind of station wagon / estate car with off-road vehicle features like raised ground clearance and ruggedness, and available four-wheel drive.
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Stock exchange
A stock exchange, securities exchange or bourse, is a facility where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock and bonds and other financial instruments.
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.
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Sudan
The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.
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Swaziland
Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Eswatini since April 2018 (Swazi: Umbuso weSwatini), is a landlocked sovereign state in Southern Africa.
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Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
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Tariff
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.
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Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.
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The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.
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The Gambia
No description.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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Togo
Togo, officially the Togolese Republic (République Togolaise), is a sovereign state in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.
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Trade
Trade involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.
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Truck
A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.
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Tunisia
Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.
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Uganda
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East Africa.
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Underdevelopment
Underdevelopment, relating to international development, reflects a broad condition or phenomena defined and critiqued by theorists in fields such as economics, development studies, and postcolonial studies.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) is part of the United Nations Secretariat and is responsible for the follow-up to major United Nations Summits and Conferences, as well as services to the United Nations Economic and Social Council and the Second and Third Committees of the United Nations General Assembly.
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United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network.
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United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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United States of Africa
The United States of Africa is a proposed concept for a federation of some or all of the 55 sovereign states on the African continent.
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University of Massachusetts Amherst
The University of Massachusetts Amherst (abbreviated UMass Amherst and colloquially referred to as UMass or Massachusetts) is a public research and land-grant university in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, and the flagship campus of the University of Massachusetts system.
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Walter Rodney
Walter Anthony Rodney (23 March 1942 – 13 June 1980) was a prominent Guyanese historian, political activist and academic.
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World Bank
The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.
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World Bank Institute
The World Bank Institute is the capacity building branch of the World Bank.
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Zambia
Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in south-central Africa, (although some sources prefer to consider it part of the region of east Africa) neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west.
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed.
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African Economy, African economics, African economy, Agriculture in Africa, Economy in Africa, Economy in africa, Economy of africa, Retail in Africa.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Africa
