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225 relations: Abraham Gorlaeus, Adolf Furtwängler, Ajax the Great, Alexander I of Russia, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek art, Ancient history, Anichini family, Antikensammlung Berlin, Antinous, Antiquarian, Antique Temple, Anton Pichler, Antonio Francesco Gori, Antonio Maria Zanetti, Archaic Greece, Art Nouveau, Arthur Evans, Arundel marbles, Assyria, Athena Promachos, Augustus, Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, Basilica of St Denis, Berlin, Bernard Picart, Bible, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Blacas Cameo, Book of Exodus, Bracciano, British Museum, Brooch, Byzantium, Cabinet des Médailles, Cabinet of curiosities, Cameo (carving), Cameo glass, Carnelian, Carolingian art, Catherine the Great, Ceramic art, Charlemagne, Charles Christian Reisen, Charles the Bald, Charles Townley, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VII of France, ..., Charter, Chatsworth House, Chatsworth, Derbyshire, Chinese jade, Chios, Christina, Queen of Sweden, Cicero, Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode, Constantinople, Consul, Cornell University Library, Corning Museum of Glass, Crafts Council, Cult image, Cup of the Ptolemies, Cylinder seal, Cyprus, Decio Azzolino, Diomedes, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Emery (rock), Empress Joséphine, Engraving, Ephod, Farnese Cup, Fourth Crusade, Francesco Ficoroni, Francis I of France, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick the Great, French Revolution, Gemma Augustea, Gemma Claudia, Gemstone, George III of the United Kingdom, George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough, Georgius Agricola, Getty Villa, Giovanni Bernardi, Giovanni Pichler, Gisela Richter, Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli, Glass casting, Gonzaga Cameo, Great Cameo of France, Greece, Hardstone carving, Helladic chronology, Hellenistic period, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle, Heracles, Hermitage Museum, Heron, High Priest of Israel, House of Gonzaga, House of Medici, Iliupersis, Indus Valley Civilisation, Isabella d'Este, Jacopo Caraglio, James Robertson (photographer), James Tassie, Jasper, Jasperware, Jewellery, John Boardman (art historian), John Flaxman, John, Duke of Berry, Joseph Smith (art collector), Josiah Wedgwood, Julio-Claudian dynasty, Julius Caesar, Jupiter, Kenneth Clark, Lathe, Lens (geometry), Leonardo da Vinci, Leone Leoni, List of museums and galleries in Berlin, List of rulers of Mantua, Livio Odescalchi, Lorenz Natter, Lorenzo de' Medici, Lothair Crystal, Louis XV of France, Luigi Pichler, Madame de Pompadour, Mantua, Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC), Marlborough gem, Matthew Paris, Menorah (Temple), Mesopotamia, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Michelangelo, Middle Ages, Minoan civilization, Mithridates VI of Pontus, Monumental sculpture, Napoleon, Natural History (Pliny), Naxos, Near East, Neoclassicism, Numismatics, Onyx, Orleans Collection, Ormonde Maddock Dalton, Palladium (classical antiquity), Pendant, Penn State University Press, Peter Paul Rubens, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, Philipp von Stosch, Phoenicia, Photography, Pietro Perugino, Plaster cast, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Pompey, Pope Paul II, Pope Pius VI, Porcelain, Portland Vase, Priestly breastplate, Prussia, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Pyrgoteles, Quartz, Quran, Raphael, Relief, Renaissance, Richard Payne Knight, Ronald Pennell, Royal Collection, Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, Sainte-Chapelle, Sandro Botticelli, Sanssouci, Sapphire, Sarcophagus, Sasanian Empire, Satyr, Scarab (artifact), Seal (emblem), Seal carving, Seal knob, Seven Sleepers, Signature, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Southern Italy, St Albans Cathedral, St Mark's Basilica, Stanisław Poniatowski (1754–1833), Stoneware, Suetonius, Temple of Venus Genetrix, Theophilus Presbyter, Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, Twelve Tribes of Israel, Venice, Victoria and Albert Museum, Vienna, Vitreous enamel, Vivant Denon, Votive crown, Walters Art Museum, Wilhelm Furtwängler, William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire, William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough, William Tassie. Expand index (175 more) »
Abraham Gorlaeus
Abraham van Goorle or, Latinized, Abraham Gorlaeus (ca. 1549 – 1608) was a Dutch antiquary of Flemish origin.
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Adolf Furtwängler
Adolf Furtwängler (30 June 1853 – 10 October 1907) was a German archaeologist, teacher, art historian and museum director.
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Ajax the Great
Ajax or Aias (or; Αἴας, gen. Αἴαντος Aiantos) is a mythological Greek hero, the son of King Telamon and Periboea, and the half-brother of Teucer.
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Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I (Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; –) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1801 and 1825.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
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Ancient Greek art
Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.
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Ancient history
Ancient history is the aggregate of past events, "History" from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the post-classical history.
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Anichini family
The Anichini family were leading carvers of engraved gems for seals and medals in Renaissance Italy.
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Antikensammlung Berlin
The Antikensammlung Berlin (Berlin antiquities collection) is one of the most important collections of classical art in the world, now held in the Altes Museum and Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany.
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Antinous
Antinous (also Antinoüs or Antinoös; Ἀντίνοος; 27 November, c. 111 – before 30 October 130) was a Bithynian Greek youth and a favourite, or lover, of the Roman emperor Hadrian.
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Antiquarian
An antiquarian or antiquary (from the Latin: antiquarius, meaning pertaining to ancient times) is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past.
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Antique Temple
The Antique Temple is a small round temple in the west part of Sanssouci Park in Potsdam.
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Anton Pichler
Anton Pichler (April 12, 1697 – September 14, 1779) was a Tyrolean goldsmith and artist of engraved gems, and the son of a doctor.
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Antonio Francesco Gori
Antonio Francesco Gori, on his titlepages Franciscus Gorius (9 December 1691 – 20 January 1757), was a Florentine antiquarian, a priest in minor orders, provost of the Baptistery of San Giovanni from 1746, and a professor at the Liceo, whose numerous publications of ancient Roman sculpture and antiquities formed part of the repertory on which 18th-century scholarship as well as the artistic movement of neoclassicism were based.
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Antonio Maria Zanetti
Count Anton Maria Zanetti (1679–1767) was a Venetian artist, engraver, art critic, art dealer and connoisseur.
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Archaic Greece
Archaic Greece was the period in Greek history lasting from the eighth century BC to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, following the Greek Dark Ages and succeeded by the Classical period.
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Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910.
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Arthur Evans
Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was an English archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age.
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Arundel marbles
The Arundel marbles are a collection of carved Ancient Greek sculptures and inscriptions collected by Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel in the early seventeenth century, the first such comprehensive collection of its kind in England.
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Assyria
Assyria, also called the Assyrian Empire, was a major Semitic speaking Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East and the Levant.
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Athena Promachos
The Athena Promachos (Ἀθηνᾶ Πρόμαχος "Athena who fights in the front line") was a colossal bronze statue of Athena sculpted by Pheidias, which stood between the Propylaea and the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens.
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Augustus
Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
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Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
The Basilica of Saint-Sernin (Occitan: Basilica de Sant Sarnin) is a church in Toulouse, France, the former abbey church of the Abbey of Saint-Sernin or St Saturnin.
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Basilica of St Denis
The Basilica of Saint Denis (Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris.
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Berlin
Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.
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Bernard Picart
Bernard Picart (11 June 1673 – 8 May 1733), was a French engraver, son of Etienne Picart, also an engraver.
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Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.
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Bibliothèque nationale de France
The (BnF, English: National Library of France) is the national library of France, located in Paris.
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Blacas Cameo
The Blacas Cameo is an unusually large Ancient Roman cameo, high, carved from a piece of sardonyx with four alternating layers of white and brown.
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Book of Exodus
The Book of Exodus or, simply, Exodus (from ἔξοδος, éxodos, meaning "going out"; וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת, we'elleh shəmōṯ, "These are the names", the beginning words of the text: "These are the names of the sons of Israel" וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמֹות בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), is the second book of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) immediately following Genesis.
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Bracciano
Bracciano is a small town in the Italian region of Lazio, northwest of Rome.
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British Museum
The British Museum, located in the Bloomsbury area of London, United Kingdom, is a public institution dedicated to human history, art and culture.
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Brooch
A brooch is a decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to garments, often to hold them closed.
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Byzantium
Byzantium or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον, Byzántion) was an ancient Greek colony in early antiquity that later became Constantinople, and later Istanbul.
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Cabinet des Médailles
The Cabinet des Médailles,The patriotic Cabinet de France, less redolent of Bourbons, was affected during republican phases of the 19th century and as late as World War I. more formally known as Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, is a department of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.
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Cabinet of curiosities
Cabinets of curiosities (also known in German loanwords as Kunstkabinett, Kunstkammer or Wunderkammer; also Cabinets of Wonder, and wonder-rooms) were encyclopedic collections of objects whose categorical boundaries were, in Renaissance Europe, yet to be defined.
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Cameo (carving)
Cameo is a method of carving an object such as an engraved gem, item of jewellery or vessel.
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Cameo glass
Cameo glass is a luxury form of glass art produced by etching and carving through fused layers of differently colored glass to produce designs, usually with white opaque glass figures and motifs on a dark-colored background.
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Carnelian
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone.
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Carolingian art
Carolingian art comes from the Frankish Empire in the period of roughly 120 years from about 780 to 900—during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs—popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
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Catherine the Great
Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; –), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader.
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Ceramic art
Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay.
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Charlemagne
Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.
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Charles Christian Reisen
Charles Christian Reisen (1680 – 15 December 1725) was an English gem-engraver.
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Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was the King of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and Holy Roman Emperor (875–877, as Charles II).
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Charles Townley
Charles Townley FRS (1 October 1737 – 3 January 1805) was a wealthy English country gentleman, antiquary and collector.
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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.
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Charles VII of France
Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (le Victorieux)Charles VII, King of France, Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War, ed.
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Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified.
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Chatsworth House
Chatsworth House is a stately home in Derbyshire, England, in the Derbyshire Dales north-east of Bakewell and west of Chesterfield.
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Chatsworth, Derbyshire
Chatsworth is a civil parish in Derbyshire, England, within the area of the Derbyshire Dales and the Peak District National Park.
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Chinese jade
Chinese jade refers to the jade mined or carved in China from the Neolithic onward.
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Chios
Chios (Χίος, Khíos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated in the Aegean Sea, off the Anatolian coast.
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Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christina (– 19 April 1689) reigned as Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.
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Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer and philosopher, who served as consul in the year 63 BC.
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Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode
Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode (1730–1799) was an English book and old master print collector, and a major benefactor of the British Museum.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently a somewhat significant title under the Roman Empire.
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Cornell University Library
The Cornell University Library is the library system of Cornell University.
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Corning Museum of Glass
The Corning Museum of Glass is a museum in Corning, New York dedicated to the art, history and science of glass.
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Crafts Council
The Crafts Council is the national development agency for contemporary craft in the United Kingdom, and is funded by Arts Council England.
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Cult image
In the practice of religion, a cult image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents.
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Cup of the Ptolemies
The Cup of the Ptolemies (French: Coupe des Ptolémées) is an onyx cameo two-handled cup, or kantharos.
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Cylinder seal
A cylinder seal is a small round cylinder, typically about one inch in length, engraved with written characters or figurative scenes or both, used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, generally wet clay.
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Cyprus
Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
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Decio Azzolino
Decio Azzolino (11 April 1623 – 8 June 1689) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, code-breaker, investigator and leader of the Squadrone Volante.
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Diomedes
Diomedes (Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter, James Hartman and Jane Setter, eds. Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. 17th edition. Cambridge UP, 2006. or) or Diomede (God-like cunning, advised by Zeus) is a hero in Greek mythology, known for his participation in the Trojan War.
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Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt.
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Emery (rock)
Emery (or corundite) is a dark granular rock used to make abrasive powder.
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Empress Joséphine
Joséphine de Beauharnais (born Marie-Josèphe-Rose Tascher de la Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was the first wife of Napoleon I, and thus the first Empress of the French as Joséphine.
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Engraving
Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it.
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Ephod
An ephod (אֵפוֹד ’êp̄ōḏ; or) was an artifact and an object to be revered in ancient Israelite culture, and was closely connected with oracular practices and priestly ritual.
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Farnese Cup
The Farnese Cup or Tazza Farnese is a 2nd-century BC cameo hardstone carving bowl or cup made in Hellenistic Egypt in four-layered sardonyx agate, now in the Naples National Archaeological MuseumInv.
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Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.
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Francesco Ficoroni
Francesco (de') Ficoroni (1664–1747) was an Italian connoisseur and antiquarian in Rome closely involved with the antiquities trade.
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Francis I of France
Francis I (François Ier) (12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was the first King of France from the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois, reigning from 1515 until his death.
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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.
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Frederick the Great
Frederick II (Friedrich; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Gemma Augustea
The Gemma Augustea (Latin, Gem of Augustus) is an ancient Roman low-relief cameo engraved gem cut from a double-layered Arabian onyx stone.
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Gemma Claudia
The Gemma Claudia is a Roman five-layered onyx cameo of c.49.
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Gemstone
A gemstone (also called a gem, fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semi-precious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.
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George III of the United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.
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George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough
George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough, (26 January 1739 – 29 January 1817), styled Marquess of Blandford until 1758, was a British courtier, nobleman, and politician from the Spencer family.
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Georgius Agricola
Georgius Agricola (24 March 1494 – 21 November 1555) was a German mineralogist and metallurgist.
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Getty Villa
The Getty Villa is one of two locations of the J. Paul Getty Museum.
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Giovanni Bernardi
Giovanni Bernardi (1494 – 22 May 1553), also known as Giovanni da Castel Bolognese and as Giovanni da Castelbolognese, was an Italian gem engraver and medallist who was born in Castel Bolognese, Italy.
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Giovanni Pichler
Giovanni Pichler (Born 10 January 1734 in Naples; died 25 January 1791 in Rome) was a German-Italian artist in engraved gems.
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Gisela Richter
Gisela Marie Augusta Richter (born 14 or 15 August 1882, in London, England; 24 December 1972, in Rome, Italy), was a classical archaeologist and art historian.
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Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli
Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli (1662–1719) was an Italian sculptor and gem-engraver of the late Baroque active in Florence, often using colorful and semi-precious pietra dura, a type of workmanship that became a specialty of Florence.
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Glass casting
Glass casting is the process in which glass objects are cast by directing molten glass into a mould where it solidifies.
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Gonzaga Cameo
The Gonzaga Cameo is a Hellenistic engraved gem; a cameo of the capita jugata variety cut out from the three layers of an Indian sardonyx, dating from perhaps the 3rd century BC.
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Great Cameo of France
The Great Cameo of France (Grand Camée de France) is a five-layered sardonyx Imperial Roman cameo of either about 23 AD, or 50–54 AD.
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Greece
No description.
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Hardstone carving
Hardstone carving is a general term in art history and archaeology for the artistic carving of predominantly semi-precious stones (but also of gemstones), such as jade, rock crystal (clear quartz), agate, onyx, jasper, serpentine, or carnelian, and for an object made in this way.
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Helladic chronology
Helladic chronology is a relative dating system used in archaeology and art history.
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Hellenistic period
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
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Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612) was the elder son of James VI and I, King of England and Scotland, and his wife, Anne of Denmark.
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Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle
Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle KG (14 August 1694 – 3 September 1758), styled Viscount Morpeth until 1738 was a British peer and Whig politician.
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Heracles
Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς, Hēraklês, Glory/Pride of Hēra, "Hera"), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of AmphitryonBy his adoptive descent through Amphitryon, Heracles receives the epithet Alcides, as "of the line of Alcaeus", father of Amphitryon.
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Hermitage Museum
The State Hermitage Museum (p) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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Heron
The herons are the long-legged freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 64 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons.
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High Priest of Israel
High priest (כהן גדול kohen gadol; with definite article ha'kohen ha'gadol, the high priest; Aramaic kahana rabba) was the title of the chief religious official of Judaism from the early post-Exilic times until the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE.
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House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga was a princely family that ruled Mantua, in northern Italy, from 1328 to 1708; they also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, and also many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe.
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House of Medici
The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century.
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Iliupersis
The Iliupersis (Greek: Ἰλίου πέρσις, Iliou persis, "Sack of Ilium"), also known as The Sack of Troy, is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature.
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Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
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Isabella d'Este
Isabella d'Este (19 May 1474 – 13 February 1539) was Marchesa of Mantua and one of the leading women of the Italian Renaissance as a major cultural and political figure.
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Jacopo Caraglio
Jacopo Caraglio, Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio or Gian Giacomo Caraglio (c. 1500/1505 – 26 August 1565) known also as Jacobus Parmensis and Jacobus Veronensis was an Italian engraver, goldsmith and medallist, born at Verona or Parma.
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James Robertson (photographer)
James Robertson (1813–1888) was an English gem and coin engraver who worked in the Mediterranean region, and who became a pioneering photographer working in the Crimea and possibly India.
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James Tassie
James Tassie (1735–1799) was a Scottish gem engraver and modeller.
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Jasper
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or chalcedony and other mineral phases,Kostov, R. I. 2010.
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Jasperware
Jasperware, or jasper ware, is a type of pottery first developed by Josiah Wedgwood in the 1770s.
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Jewellery
Jewellery (British English) or jewelry (American English)see American and British spelling differences consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks.
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John Boardman (art historian)
Sir John Boardman, (born 20 August 1927) is a classical art historian and archaeologist, "Britain's most distinguished historian of ancient Greek art.".
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John Flaxman
John Flaxman R.A. (6 July 1755 – 7 December 1826) was a British sculptor and draughtsman, and a leading figure in British and European Neoclassicism.
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John, Duke of Berry
John of Berry or John the Magnificent (French: Jean de Berry; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier.
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Joseph Smith (art collector)
Joseph Smith often known as Consul Smith, (ca 1682 – Venice, 6 November 1770), the British consul at Venice, 1744–1760, Dates given in the London Gazette prior to 1752 are old style, by modern standards, with the year beginning on 1 January, rather than 25 March, this date falls in 1744 was a patron of artists, most notably Canaletto, and a collector and connoisseur, banker to the British community at Venice and a major draw on the British Grand Tour.
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Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood (12 July 1730 – 3 January 1795) was an English potter and entrepreneur.
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Julio-Claudian dynasty
The Julio-Claudian dynasty was the first Roman imperial dynasty, consisting of the first five emperors—Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero—or the family to which they belonged.
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
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Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.
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Kenneth Clark
Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Baron Clark (13 July 1903 – 21 May 1983) was a British art historian, museum director, and broadcaster.
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Lathe
A lathe is a tool that rotates the workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis.
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Lens (geometry)
In 2-dimensional geometry, a lens is a convex set bounded by two circular arcs joined to each other at their endpoints.
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Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519), more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo, was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance, whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography.
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Leone Leoni
Leone Leoni (ca. 1509 – 22 July 1590) was an Italian sculptor of international outlook who travelled in Italy, Germany, Austria, France, Spain and the Netherlands.
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List of museums and galleries in Berlin
This is a list of museums and non-commercial galleries in Berlin, Germany.
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List of rulers of Mantua
During his history as independent entity, Mantua knew different rulers, who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from Middle Ages to early modern period.
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Livio Odescalchi
Livio Odescalchi (March 10, 1652 - September 8, 1713), Duke of Bracciano, Ceri and Syrmia, was an Italian nobleman of the Odescalchi family.
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Lorenz Natter
Johann Lorenz Natter (1705–1763) was a German gem-engraver and medallist.
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Lorenzo de' Medici
Lorenzo de' Medici (1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492) was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy.
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Lothair Crystal
The Lothair Crystal (also known as the Lothar Crystal or the Susanna Crystal) is an engraved gem from Lotharingia in North-West Europe, showing scenes of the biblical story of Susanna, dating from 855-869.
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Louis XV of France
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774.
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Luigi Pichler
Luigi Pichler (January 31, 1773 in Rome – March 13, 1854 in Rome) was a German-Italian artist in engraved gems.
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Madame de Pompadour
Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), commonly known as Madame de Pompadour, was a member of the French court and was the official chief mistress of Louis XV from 1745 to 1751, and remained influential as court favourite until her death.
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Mantua
Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.
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Manufacture nationale de Sèvres
The manufacture nationale de Sèvres is one of the principal European porcelain manufactories.
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Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC)
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC and son of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus and Caecilia Metella Dalmatica.
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Marlborough gem
The "Marlborough gem" is a carved onyx cameo that depicts an initiation ceremony of Psyche and Eros.
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Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris, known as Matthew of Paris (Latin: Matthæus Parisiensis, "Matthew the Parisian"; c. 1200 – 1259), was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
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Menorah (Temple)
The menorah (מְנוֹרָה) is described in the Bible as the seven-lamp (six branches) ancient Hebrew lampstand made of pure gold and used in the portable sanctuary set up by Moses in the wilderness and later in the Temple in Jerusalem.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the United States.
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Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization on the island of Crete and other Aegean Islands which flourished from about 2600 to 1600 BC, before a late period of decline, finally ending around 1100.
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Mithridates VI of Pontus
Mithridates VI or Mithradates VI (Μιθραδάτης, Μιθριδάτης), from Old Persian Miθradāta, "gift of Mithra"; 135–63 BC, also known as Mithradates the Great (Megas) and Eupator Dionysius, was king of Pontus and Armenia Minor in northern Anatolia (now Turkey) from about 120–63 BC.
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Monumental sculpture
The term monumental sculpture is often used in art history and criticism, but not always consistently.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a book about the whole of the natural world in Latin by Pliny the Elder, a Roman author and naval commander who died in 79 AD.
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Naxos
Naxos (Greek: Νάξος) is a Greek island and the largest of the Cyclades.
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Near East
The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia.
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Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism (from Greek νέος nèos, "new" and Latin classicus, "of the highest rank") is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of classical antiquity.
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Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects.
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Onyx
Onyx is a banded variety of the oxide mineral chalcedony.
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Orleans Collection
The Orleans Collection was a very important collection of over 500 paintings formed by Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, mostly acquired between about 1700 and his death in 1723.
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Ormonde Maddock Dalton
Ormonde Maddock Dalton (1866–1945) was a British museum curator and archaeologist.
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Palladium (classical antiquity)
In Greek and Roman mythology, the palladium or palladion was a cult image of great antiquity on which the safety of Troy and later Rome was said to depend, the wooden statue (xoanon) of Pallas Athena that Odysseus and Diomedes stole from the citadel of Troy and which was later taken to the future site of Rome by Aeneas.
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Pendant
The word pendant derives from the Latin word pendere and Old French word pendr, both of which translate to "to hang down".
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Penn State University Press
Penn State University Press, also called The Pennsylvania State University Press, was established in 1956 and is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals.
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Peter Paul Rubens
Sir Peter Paul Rubens (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist.
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Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield
Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, (22 September 169424 March 1773) was a British statesman, diplomat, man of letters, and an acclaimed wit of his time.
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Philipp von Stosch
Baron Philipp von Stosch (22 March 1691 – 7 November 1757) was a Prussian antiquarian who lived in Rome and Florence.
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Phoenicia
Phoenicia (or; from the Φοινίκη, meaning "purple country") was a thalassocratic ancient Semitic civilization that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the west of the Fertile Crescent.
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Photography
Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.
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Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino (c. 1446/1452 – 1523), born Pietro Vannucci, was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance.
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Plaster cast
A plaster cast is a copy made in plaster of another 3-dimensional form.
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Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.
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Pliny the Younger
Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61 – c. 113), better known as Pliny the Younger, was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome.
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Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), usually known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.
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Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II (Paulus II; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471.
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Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI (25 December 1717 – 29 August 1799), born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in 1799.
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Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between.
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Portland Vase
The Portland Vase is a Roman cameo glass vase, which is dated to between AD 1 and AD 25, though low BC dates have some scholarly support.
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Priestly breastplate
The priestly breastplate (חֹשֶׁן ẖošen) was a sacred breastplate worn by the High Priest of the Israelites, according to the Book of Exodus.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt.
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Pyrgoteles
Pyrgoteles (Greek: Πυργοτέλης) was one of the most celebrated gem-engravers of ancient Greece, living in the latter half of the fourth century BCE.
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Quartz
Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.
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Quran
The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).
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Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
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Relief
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Richard Payne Knight
(Richard) Payne Knight (11 February 1751 – 23 April 1824) of Downton Castle in Herefordshire, and of 5 Soho Square,History of Parliament biography London, England, was a classical scholar, connoisseur, archaeologist and numismatist best known for his theories of picturesque beauty and for his interest in ancient phallic imagery.
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Ronald Pennell
Professor Ronald Pennell, artist, engraver and sculptor, was born and grew up in Birmingham.
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Royal Collection
The Royal Collection is the art collection of the British Royal Family and the largest private art collection in the world.
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Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608).
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Sainte-Chapelle
The Sainte-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) is a royal chapel in the Gothic style, within the medieval Palais de la Cité, the residence of the Kings of France until the 14th century, on the Île de la Cité in the River Seine in Paris, France.
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Sandro Botticelli
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (c. 1445 – May 17, 1510), known as Sandro Botticelli, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance.
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Sanssouci
Sanssouci is the summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, in Potsdam, near Berlin.
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Sapphire
Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide.
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Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.
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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.
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Satyr
In Greek mythology, a satyr (σάτυρος satyros) is the member of a troop of ithyphallic male companions of Dionysus; they usually have horse-like ears and tails, as well as permanent, exaggerated erections.
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Scarab (artifact)
Scarabs were popular amulets and impression seals in Ancient Egypt.
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Seal (emblem)
A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made.
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Seal carving
Seal carving, also seal cutting, or zhuanke in Chinese (刻), is a traditional form of art that originated in China and later spread to East Asia.
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Seal knob
Seal knob (印纽), refers to carving or small decorative reliefwork at the top or side of a seal.
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Seven Sleepers
In Christian and Islamic tradition, the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus (lit) is the story of a group of youths who hid inside a cave outside the city of Ephesus around 250 AD to escape a religious persecution and emerge 300 years later.
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Signature
A signature (from signare, "to sign") is a handwritten (and often stylized) depiction of someone's name, nickname, or even a simple "X" or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof of identity and intent.
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Sistine Chapel ceiling
The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art.
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Southern Italy
Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.
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St Albans Cathedral
St Albans Cathedral, sometimes called the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban, and referred to locally as "the Abbey", is a Church of England cathedral in St Albans, England.
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St Mark's Basilica
The Patriarchal Cathedral Basilica of Saint Mark (Basilica Cattedrale Patriarcale di San Marco), commonly known as Saint Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco; Baxéłega de San Marco), is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Venice, northern Italy.
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Stanisław Poniatowski (1754–1833)
Prince Stanisław Poniatowski (November 23, 1754 – February 13, 1833) was a Polish nobleman, politician, diplomat, a member of the wealthy Poniatowski family and a nephew of the last king of Poland, Stanisław II Augustus.
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Stoneware
--> Stoneware is a rather broad term for pottery or other ceramics fired at a relatively high temperature.
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Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius (c. 69 – after 122 AD), was a Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire.
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Temple of Venus Genetrix
The Temple of Venus Genetrix (Latin: Templum Veneris Genetricis) is a ruined temple in the Forum of Caesar, Rome, dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the goddess of motherhood and domesticity.
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Theophilus Presbyter
Theophilus Presbyter (fl. c. 1070–1125) is the pseudonymous author or compiler of a Latin text containing detailed descriptions of various medieval arts, a text commonly known as the Schedula diversarum artium ("List of various arts") or De diversis artibus ("On various arts"), probably first compiled between 1100 and 1120.
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Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel
Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel KG, (7 July 1586 – 4 October 1646) was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician.
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Twelve Tribes of Israel
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Tribes of Israel (שבטי ישראל) were said to have descended from the 12 sons of the patriarch Jacob (who was later named Israel) by two wives, Leah and Rachel, and two concubines, Zilpah and Bilhah.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
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Victoria and Albert Museum
The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.3 million objects.
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Vienna
Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.
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Vitreous enamel
Vitreous enamel, also called porcelain enamel, is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between.
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Vivant Denon
Dominique Vivant, Baron Denon (4 January 174727 April 1825) was a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist.
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Votive crown
A votive crown is a votive offering in the form of a crown, normally in precious metals and often adorned with jewels.
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Walters Art Museum
The Walters Art Museum, located in Mount Vernon-Belvedere, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is a public art museum founded and opened in 1934.
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Wilhelm Furtwängler
Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25, 1886November 30, 1954) was a German conductor and composer.
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William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (1672 – 4 June 1729) was a British nobleman and politician.
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William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough
William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough (1704 – 11 March 1793) was a British politician and public servant.
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William Tassie
William Tassie (1777 – 26 October 1860) was a British gem engraver and cameo modeller of Scottish descent, who worked in London in the early 19th century.
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Ancient glyptic art, Antique gem, Antique gems, Carved gem, Carved gems, Engraved gems, Gem carving, Gem engraver, Gem engraving, Gem-engraving, Gems, engraving of, Intaglio (gemology), Intaglio (jewellery), Intaglio (jewelry), Intaglio (sculpture), Intaglio gem.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engraved_gem
