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Ethology

Index Ethology

Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. [1]

171 relations: Aggression, Alan Kamil, Alistair Lawrence, Altruism, Altruism (biology), Amotz Zahavi, Anatomy, Anecdotal cognitivism, Animal Behaviour (journal), Animal cognition, Animal Cognition, Animal communication, Animal culture, Animal sexual behaviour, Animal training, Animal Welfare (journal), Animal welfare science, Ant, Anthropomorphism, Anthrozoology, Aristotle, Aubrey Manning, Barbara Smuts, Beak, Bee, Bee learning and communication, Behavioral ecology, Behavioral Ecology (journal), Behaviorism, Behaviour (journal), Bernard Hollander, Biologist, Biology, Birutė Galdikas, Caste, Charles Darwin, Charles Otis Whitman, Chicken, Clarence Ellis Harbison, Cognitive ethology, Comparative psychology, Cooperation, Cooperative hunting, Deception in animals, Desmond Morris, Dian Fossey, Donald Broom, Douglas P. Fry, E. O. Wilson, Ecology, ..., Egotism, Emotion in animals, England, Erich Klinghammer, Ethogram, Ethos, Eugène Marais, Europe, Evolution, Evolutionary biology, Fixed action pattern, Food, Fox squirrel, Frans de Waal, Galápagos Islands, Gene-centered view of evolution, George Romanes, Giraffe, Goose, Great chain of being, Greek language, Greylag goose, Group size measures, Hachijō-jima, Heini Hediger, Homo sapiens, Human ethology, Imitation, Imprinting (psychology), Ingeborg Beling, Instinct, International Society for Applied Ethology, Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irene Pepperberg, Ivan Pavlov, Jakob von Uexküll, James L. Gould, Jane Goodall, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Jean-Henri Fabre, John Bowlby, John Endler, John Krebs, Baron Krebs, Jonathan Balcombe, Judith Hand, Julian Huxley, Julian Jaynes, Karl von Frisch, Kevin Richardson (zookeeper), Killer whale, Konrad Lorenz, Laboratory, Learning, Leash, List of abnormal behaviours in animals, Macaque, Madingley, Marc Bekoff, Marian Dawkins, Martin Moynihan, Mating, Monoamine releasing agent, Myrmecology, Natural selection, Neuroanatomy, Neuroethology, Neuroscience, New Caledonian crow, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, North America, Oskar Heinroth, Pandanus, Patricia McConnell, Patrick Bateson, Pecking order, Peter Marler, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Physiology, Pinniped, Poultry, Prairie dog, Psychology, Reproduction, Revenge, Richard Dawkins, Ritual, Robert Ardrey, Robert Hinde, Robert Trivers, Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, Scientific method, Selfish herd theory, Social relation, Society, Sociobiology, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, Species, Squirrel, Stickleback, Supernormal stimulus, Symbiosis, Tandem running, Taxonomy (biology), Temple Grandin, The Daily Telegraph, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Thomas Sebeok, Trigona corvina, United Kingdom, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Viktor Dolnik, W. D. Hamilton, Waggle dance, Wallace Craig, Webster's Dictionary, William Homan Thorpe, William Morton Wheeler, World War II. Expand index (121 more) »

Aggression

Aggression is overt, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual.

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Alan Kamil

Alan C. "Al" Kamil is an American experimental psychologist.

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Alistair Lawrence

Professor Alistair B. Lawrence (born 1954) is an ethologist.

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Altruism

Altruism is the principle and moral practice of concern for happiness of other human beings, resulting in a quality of life both material and spiritual.

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Altruism (biology)

In biology, altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor.

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Amotz Zahavi

Amotz Zahavi (אמוץ זהבי) (August 14, 1928 – May 12, 2017) was an Israeli evolutionary biologist, a Professor in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel.

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Anatomy

Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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Anecdotal cognitivism

Anecdotal cognitivism is a psychological methodology that attributes mental states to animals on the basis of anecdotes and on the observation of particular cases, other than those observations made during controlled experiments.

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Animal Behaviour (journal)

Animal Behaviour is a double-blind peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1953 as The British Journal of Animal Behaviour, before obtaining its current title in 1958.

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Animal cognition

Animal cognition describes the mental capacities of non-human animals and the study of those capacities.

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Animal Cognition

Animal Cognition is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media.

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Animal communication

Animal communication is the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (sender or senders) to one or more other animals (receiver or receivers) that affects the current or future behavior of the receivers.

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Animal culture

Animal culture describes the current theory of cultural learning in non-human animals through socially transmitted behaviors.

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Animal sexual behaviour

Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species.

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Animal training

Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli.

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Animal Welfare (journal)

Animal Welfare is a quarterly, peer-reviewed scientific journal covering studies on the welfare of animals, whether in captivity (e.g. on farms, in laboratories, zoos and as companions) or in the wild.

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Animal welfare science

Animal welfare science is the scientific study of the welfare of animals as pets, in zoos, laboratories, on farms and in the wild.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities.

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Anthrozoology

Anthrozoology (also known as human–non-human-animal studies, or HAS) is the subset of ethnobiology that deals with interactions between humans and other animals.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Aubrey Manning

Aubrey William George Manning, OBE, FRSE, FRSB, (born 24 April 1930, London) is an English zoologist and broadcaster.

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Barbara Smuts

Barbara B. Smuts is an American anthropologist and psychologist noted for her research into baboons, dolphins, and chimpanzees.

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Beak

The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young.

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Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.

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Bee learning and communication

Honey bees are sensitive to odors (including pheromones), tastes, and colors, including ultraviolet.

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Behavioral ecology

Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.

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Behavioral Ecology (journal)

Behavioral Ecology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology.

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Behaviorism

Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.

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Behaviour (journal)

Behaviour is a double-blind peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of ethology.

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Bernard Hollander

Bernard Hollander (1864 – 6 February 1934) was a London psychiatrist and one of the main proponents of the new interest in phrenology in the early 20th century.

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Biologist

A biologist, is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, the scientific study of life.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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Birutė Galdikas

Birutė Marija Filomena Galdikas, OC (born 10 May 1946), is a Lithuanian-Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist, and author.

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Caste

Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Charles Otis Whitman

Charles Otis Whitman (December 6, 1842 – December 14, 1910) was an American zoologist, who was influential to the founding of classical ethology.

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Chicken

The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.

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Clarence Ellis Harbison

Clarence Ellis Harbison (March 3, 1885 - October 1, 1960) was an animal psychologist.

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Cognitive ethology

Cognitive ethology is a branch of ethology concerned with the influence of conscious awareness and intention on the behaviour of an animal.

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Comparative psychology

Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior.

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Cooperation

Cooperation (sometimes written as co-operation) is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common, mutual, or some underlying benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit.

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Cooperative hunting

Cooperative hunting is when meat-eating animals hunt together in groups that contain both division of labor and role specialization.

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Deception in animals

Deception in animals is the transmission of misinformation by one animal to another, of the same or different species, in a way that propagates beliefs that are not true.

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Desmond Morris

Desmond John Morris (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, ethologist and surrealist painter, as well as a popular author in human sociobiology.

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Dian Fossey

Dian Fossey (January 16, 1932 – c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her death in 1985.

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Donald Broom

Donald Maurice Broom (born 14 July 1942) is an English biologist and emeritus professor of animal welfare at Cambridge University.

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Douglas P. Fry

Douglas P. Fry (born 20 September 1953 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American anthropologist.

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E. O. Wilson

Edward Osborne Wilson (born June 10, 1929), usually cited as E. O. Wilson, is an American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author.

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Ecology

Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.

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Egotism

Egotism is the drive to maintain and enhance favorable views of oneself, and generally features an inflated opinion of one's personal features and importance.

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Emotion in animals

Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the existence and nature of emotions in animals.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Erich Klinghammer

Erich Klinghammer (February 28, 1930 – October 6, 2011) was a wolf biologist best known for his contributions to the fields of ethology and behavioural ecology, particularly that of canids.

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Ethogram

An ethogram is a catalogue or inventory of behaviours or actions exhibited by an animal used in ethology.

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Ethos

Ethos is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology.

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Eugène Marais

Eugène Nielen Marais (9 January 1871 – 29 March 1936) was a South African lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor.

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Fixed action pattern

The term fixed action pattern (FAP), or modal action pattern, is sometimes used in ethology to denote an instinctive behavioral sequence that is relatively invariant within the species and almost inevitably runs to completion.

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Food

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

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Fox squirrel

The fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America.

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Frans de Waal

Franciscus Bernardus Maria "Frans" de Waal, PhD (born 29 October 1948) is a Dutch primatologist and ethologist.

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Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, west of continental Ecuador.

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Gene-centered view of evolution

The gene-centered view of evolution, gene's eye view, gene selection theory, or selfish gene theory holds that adaptive evolution occurs through the differential survival of competing genes, increasing the allele frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic trait effects successfully promote their own propagation, with gene defined as "not just one single physical bit of DNA all replicas of a particular bit of DNA distributed throughout the world".

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George Romanes

George John Romanes FRS (20 May 1848 – 23 May 1894) was a Canadian-English evolutionary biologist and physiologist who laid the foundation of what he called comparative psychology, postulating a similarity of cognitive processes and mechanisms between humans and other animals.

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Giraffe

The giraffe (Giraffa) is a genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants.

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Goose

Geese are waterfowl of the family Anatidae.

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Great chain of being

The Great Chain of Being is a strict hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought in medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Greylag goose

The greylag goose (Anser anser) is a species of large goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae and the type species of the genus Anser.

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Group size measures

Many animals, including humans, tend to live in groups, herds, flocks, bands, packs, shoals, or colonies (hereafter: groups) of conspecific individuals.

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Hachijō-jima

is a volcanic Japanese island in the Philippine Sea.

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Heini Hediger

Heini Hediger (30 November 1908 – 29 August 1992) was a Swiss biologist noted for work in proxemics in animal behavior and is known as the "father of zoo biology".

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Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.

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Human ethology

Human ethology is the study of human behavior.

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Imitation

Imitation (from Latin imitatio, "a copying, imitation") is an advanced behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior.

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Imprinting (psychology)

In psychology and ethology, imprinting is any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behaviour.

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Ingeborg Beling

Ingeborg Beling was a German ethologist from the early 20th century who worked in the field of chronobiology.

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Instinct

Instinct or innate behavior is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behavior.

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International Society for Applied Ethology

The International Society for Applied Ethology is the leading non-profit professional organization for academics and scientists interested in the behaviour and welfare of confined or domesticated animals, including companion, farm, laboratory and zoo animal species.

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Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt

Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (15 June 1928 – 2 June 2018) was an Austrian ethnologist in the field of human ethology.

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Irene Pepperberg

Irene Maxine Pepperberg (born April 1, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York) is a scientist noted for her studies in animal cognition, particularly in relation to parrots.

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Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (a; 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

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Jakob von Uexküll

Jakob Johann Baron von Uexküll (8 September 1864 – 25 July 1944) was a Baltic German biologist who worked in the fields of muscular physiology, animal behaviour studies, and the cybernetics of life.

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James L. Gould

James L. Gould (born July 31, 1945) is an American ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and popular science writer.

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Jane Goodall

Dame Jane Morris Goodall (born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall, 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is a British primatologist and anthropologist.

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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist.

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Jean-Henri Fabre

Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre (22 December 1823 – 11 October 1915) was a French naturalist, entomologist, and author known for the lively style of his popular books on the lives of insects.

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John Bowlby

Edward John Mostyn Bowlby CBE, MA (Cantab), BChir, MD, MRCP, FRCP, FRCPsych, Hon ScD (26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory.

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John Endler

John A. Endler (born 1947) is an ethologist and evolutionary biologist noted for his work on the adaptation of vertebrates to their unique perceptual environments, and the ways in which animal sensory capacities and colour patterns co-evolve.

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John Krebs, Baron Krebs

John Richard Krebs, Baron Krebs, FRS (born 11 April 1945 in Sheffield, England) is an English zoologist researching in the field of behavioural ecology of birds.

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Jonathan Balcombe

Jonathan Balcombe (born 28 February 1959) is an ethologist and author.

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Judith Hand

Judith L. Hand is an evolutionary biologist, animal behaviorist (ethologist), novelist, and pioneer in the emerging field of peace ethology.

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Julian Huxley

Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist.

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Julian Jaynes

Julian Jaynes (February 27, 1920 – November 21, 1997) was an American psychologist, best known for his book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (1976), in which he argued that ancient peoples were not conscious.

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Karl von Frisch

Karl Ritter von Frisch, (20 November 1886 – 12 June 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz.

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Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)

Kevin Rene Richardson (born 8 October 1974), known as "The Lion Whisperer", is a South African self-taught zookeeper who has worked with African lions.

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Killer whale

| status.

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Konrad Lorenz

Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (7 November 1903 – 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.

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Leash

A leash (also called a lead, lead line or tether) is a rope or similar material attached to the neck or head of an animal for restraint or control.

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List of abnormal behaviours in animals

Abnormal behaviour in animals can be defined in several ways.

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Macaque

The macaques (or pronunciation by Oxford Dictionaries) constitute a genus (Macaca) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae.

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Madingley

Madingley is a village near Coton and Dry Drayton on the western outskirts of Cambridge in the United Kingdom.

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Marc Bekoff

Marc Bekoff (born September 6, 1945) is Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

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Marian Dawkins

Marian Stamp Dawkins (born Marian Ellina Stamp, 13 February 1945) is a British biologist who is professor of ethology at the University of Oxford.

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Martin Moynihan

Martin Humphrey Moynihan (5 February 1928 – 3 December 1996) was a behavioral evolutionary biologist and ornithologist who studied under Ernst Mayr and Niko Tinbergen, and was a contemporary of Desmond Morris.

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Mating

In biology, mating (or mateing in British English) is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, usually for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

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Monoamine releasing agent

A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of a monoamine neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter.

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Myrmecology

Myrmecology (from Greek: μύρμηξ, myrmex, "ant" and λόγος, logos, "study") is a branch of entomology focusing on the scientific study of ants.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system.

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Neuroethology

Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.

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New Caledonian crow

The New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides) is an all-black, medium-sized member of the family Corvidae, native to New Caledonia.

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Nikolaas Tinbergen

Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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Oskar Heinroth

Oskar Heinroth (1 March 1871 – 31 May 1945) was a German biologist who was one of the first to apply the methods of comparative morphology to animal behavior, and was thus one of the founders of ethology.

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Pandanus

Pandanus is a genus of monocots with some 750 accepted species.

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Patricia McConnell

Patricia Bean McConnell (born November 16, 1948) is an Adjunct Professor of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and expert in animal behavior.

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Patrick Bateson

Sir (Paul) Patrick (Gordon) Bateson, (31 March 1938 – 1 August 2017) was an English biologist and science writer.

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Pecking order

Pecking order or peck order is the colloquial term for the hierarchical system of social organization.

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Peter Marler

Peter Robert Marler ForMemRS (February 24, 1928 – July 5, 2014) was a British-born American ethologist known for his research on animal language and the science of bird song.

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Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.

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Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.

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Pinniped

Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.

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Poultry

Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers.

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Prairie dog

Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) are herbivorous burrowing rodents native to the grasslands of North America.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Reproduction

Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents".

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Revenge

Revenge is a form of justice enacted in the absence or defiance of the norms of formal law and jurisprudence.

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Richard Dawkins

Clinton Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and author.

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Ritual

A ritual "is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place, and performed according to set sequence".

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Robert Ardrey

Robert Ardrey (October 16, 1908 – January 14, 1980) was an American playwright, screenwriter and science writer perhaps best known for The Territorial Imperative (1966).

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Robert Hinde

Robert Aubrey Hinde (26 October 1923 – 23 December 2016) was a British zoologist, the Emeritus Royal Society Research Professor of Zoology at the University of Cambridge.

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Robert Trivers

Robert Ludlow "Bob" Trivers (born February 19, 1943) is an American evolutionary biologist and sociobiologist.

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Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Sarah Hrdy (née Blaffer; born July 11, 1946) is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made several major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology.

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Scientific method

Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

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Selfish herd theory

The selfish herd theory states that individuals within a population attempt to reduce their predation risk by putting other conspecifics between themselves and predators.

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Social relation

In social science, a social relation or social interaction is any relationship between two or more individuals.

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Society

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

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Sociobiology

Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to examine and explain social behavior in terms of evolution.

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Sociobiology: The New Synthesis

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975; 25th anniversary edition 2000) is a book by the biologist E. O. Wilson.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Squirrel

Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents.

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Stickleback

The Gasterosteidae are a family of fish including the sticklebacks.

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Supernormal stimulus

A supernormal stimulus or superstimulus is an exaggerated version of a stimulus to which there is an existing response tendency, or any stimulus that elicits a response more strongly than the stimulus for which it evolved.

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Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

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Tandem running

Tandem running is a social learning phenomenon seen mostly in ants, by which one ant leads another native ant from the nest to the food source it has found.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

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Temple Grandin

Mary Temple Grandin (born August 29, 1947) is an American professor of animal science at Colorado State University, consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior, and autism spokesperson.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is Charles Darwin's third major work of evolutionary theory, following On The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871).

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Thomas Sebeok

Thomas Albert Sebeok (born Sebők,, in Budapest, Hungary, on November 9, 1920; died December 21, 2001 in Bloomington, Indiana) was a polymath American semiotician and linguist.

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Trigona corvina

Trigona corvina (Cockerell, 1913) is a species of stingless bee that lives primarily in Central and South America.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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Viktor Dolnik

Viktor Rafaelyevich Dolnik (Ви́ктор Рафаэ́льевич До́льник; 13 January 1938 – 4 November 2013) was a Russian ornithologist and chief research fellow at Zoological institute of Russian Academy of science.

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W. D. Hamilton

William Donald Hamilton, FRS (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was an English evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

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Waggle dance

Waggle dance is a term used in beekeeping and ethology for a particular figure-eight dance of the honey bee.

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Wallace Craig

Wallace Craig (1876–1954) was an American experimental psychologist and behavior scientist.

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Webster's Dictionary

Webster's Dictionary is any of the dictionaries edited by Noah Webster in the early nineteenth century, and numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name.

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William Homan Thorpe

William Homan Thorpe FRS (1 April 1902 – 7 April 1986) was Professor of Animal Ethology at the University of Cambridge, and a significant British zoologist, ethologist and ornithologist.

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William Morton Wheeler

William Morton Wheeler (March 19, 1865 – April 19, 1937) was an American entomologist, myrmecologist and Harvard professor.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Animal Behavior, Animal Behaviour, Animal Learning, Animal behavior, Animal behaviorist, Animal behaviour, Behavior (biology), Behavior, animal, Behavioral Biology, Behavioral biology, Behaviour (biology), Behavioural biology, Bestial Instinct, Ethography, Ethological, Ethologist, Ethologists, Etology, History of ethology, List of ethologists, Natural Behavior, Social ethology.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology

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