Euroscepticism

Euroscepticism (also known as EU-scepticism) means criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. ^[1]

Academy

An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.

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Agrarianism is a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values.

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All for Latvia!

All For Latvia! (Visu Latvijai!) was a nationalist and far-right political party in Latvia, led by Raivis Dzintars and Imants Parādnieks.

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Alliance for the Future of Austria

The Alliance for the Future of Austria (Bündnis Zukunft Österreich; BZÖ) is a right-wing populist and national conservative political party in Austria.

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Alliance for Workers' Liberty

The Alliance for Workers' Liberty (AWL), also known as Workers' Liberty, is a Trotskyist group in Britain.

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Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe

The Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE), formerly known as the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR), is a conservative and eurosceptic European political party with a main focus on reforming the European Union (EU) on the basis of Eurorealism, as opposed to total rejection of the EU (anti-EU-ism).

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Alternative Democratic Reform Party

The Alternative Democratic Reform Party (Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei, Parti réformiste d'alternative démocratique, Alternative Demokratische Reformpartei), abbreviated to ADR, is a national-conservative political party in Luxembourg.

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Alternative for Germany

Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) is a right-wing to far-right political party in Germany.

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American exceptionalism

American exceptionalism is an ideology holding the United States as unique among nations in positive or negative connotations, with respect to its ideas of democracy and personal freedom.

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Anders Fogh Rasmussen I Cabinet

After the 2001 Danish parliamentary election, Anders Fogh Rasmussen was able form a government coalition of his own Liberal Party Venstre and the Conservative People's Party.

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András Schiffer

András Schiffer (born 19 June 1971 in Budapest) is a Hungarian lawyer and former politician, who served as co-President of the Politics Can Be Different and leader of its parliamentary group.

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Andrzej Duda

Andrzej Sebastian Duda (born 16 May 1972) is a Polish politician as well as the sixth and current President of Poland, holding the office since 6 August 2015.

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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

The Crimean peninsula was annexed from Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February–March 2014.

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Antarsya

The Front of the Greek Anticapitalist Left (translit, ANT.AR.SY.A) is a coalition of radical left political organisations in Greece.

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Anti-establishment

An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of a society.

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Anti-Europeanism

Anti-Europeanism and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to "Europe".

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Anti-Federalism

Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution.

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Article 1 – Democratic and Progressive Movement

Article 1 – Democratic and Progressive Movement (Articolo 1 – Movimento Democratico e Progressista, MDP), most commonly known as Democrats and Progressives (Democratici e Progressisti), is a social-democratic political party in Italy, formed in February 2017 by a left-wing split from the Democratic Party (PD) and soon joined by a group of splinters from the Italian Left (SI).

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Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República) is the parliament of the Portuguese Republic.

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Attack (political party)

Attack (Атака) is a Bulgarian nationalist party, founded by Volen Siderov in 2005, who was at the time presenter of the homonymous TV Show "Attack" on SKAT TV.

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Austerity

Austerity is a political-economic term referring to policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both.

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Austria

Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.

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Austrian People's Party

The Austrian People's Party (Österreichische Volkspartei; ÖVP) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Austria.

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Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights

The Autochthonous Croatian Party of Right (Autohtona-Hrvatska stranka prava or A-HSP) is a far right, neo-Nazi and social conservative political party founded in Koprivnica, in 2005, after the merging of Croatian Rightists and Croatian Right Movement.

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Österreich (newspaper)

Österreich (literally Austria) is a national Austrian daily newspaper, based in Vienna.

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Basque Country (autonomous community)

The Basque Country (Euskadi; País Vasco; Pays Basque), officially the Basque Autonomous Community (Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa, EAE; Comunidad Autónoma Vasca, CAV) is an autonomous community in northern Spain.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beppe Grillo

Giuseppe Piero "Beppe" Grillo (born 21 July 1948) is an Italian comedian, actor, blogger and political activist.

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Big business

No description.

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Boris Kollár

Boris Kollár (born 14 August 1965) is a Slovak businessman born in Bratislava.

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Brexit

Brexit is the impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).

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British National Party

The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right and fascist political party in the United Kingdom.

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British Overseas Territories

The British Overseas Territories (BOT) or United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are 14 territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

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Brothers of Italy

Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d'Italia, FdI) is a national-conservative political party in Italy led by Giorgia Meloni.

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Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy refers to both a body of non-elective government officials and an administrative policy-making group.

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Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland

The Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland (Aktion für eine unabhängige und neutrale Schweiz or AUNS, Action pour une Suisse Indépendante et Neutre or ASIN, Azione per una Svizzera neutrale e indipendente or ASNI), abbreviated to AUNS, is a political organisation in Switzerland that supports Swiss independence and neutrality.

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Capitalist Party

The Capitalist Party (Norwegian Bokmål: Liberalistene; Nynorsk: Liberalistane; lit. "The Liberals") is a Norwegian political party founded in 2014 that promotes a classical liberal platform.

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Carinthian state election, 2013

The Carinthian state election of 2013 was held in the Austrian state of Carinthia on 3 March 2013.

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Cas Mudde

Cas Mudde (born 3 June 1967) is a Dutch political scientist who focuses on political extremism and populism in Europe and the United States.

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CasaPound

CasaPound Italy (CasaPound Italia, CPI; "House of Pound") is a fascist political party in Italy born as a political movement arising from the squatting of a state-owned building in the neighbourhood of Esquilino in Rome on 26 December 2003.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Centre Party (Norway)

The Centre Party (Senterpartiet, Sp) is an agrarian centrist political party in Norway.

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Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)

The Chamber of Deputies (D'Chamber, Chambre des Députés, Abgeordnetenkammer), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg.

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Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic

The Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecká sněmovna) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Czech Republic.

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Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union (EU) citizens and residents into EU law.

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Christian Democratic Appeal

The Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl,; CDA) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands.

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Christian Democratic Party (Norway)

The Christian Democratic Party (Bokmål: Kristelig Folkeparti, Nynorsk: Kristeleg Folkeparti, KrF), is a Christian democratic political party in Norway founded in 1933.

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Christian Union (Netherlands)

The Christian Union (ChristenUnie, CU) is a Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands.

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Citizen and Republican Movement

The Citizen and Republican Movement (Mouvement républicain et citoyen) is a political party in France.

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Citizens’ Rights Directive

The Citizens’ Rights Directive 2004/38/EC (also sometimes called the "Free Movement Directive") defines the right of free movement for citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the member states of the European Union (EU) and the three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.

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Citizenship of the European Union

Citizenship of the European Union (EU) is afforded to qualifying citizens of European Union member states.

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Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)

The Civic Democratic Party (Občanská demokratická strana, ODS) is a liberal-conservative political party in the Czech Republic.

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Committee for a Radical Left Rally

ERAS (Committee for a Radical Left Rally, Επιτροπή για μια Ριζοσπαστική Αριστερή Συσπείρωση) was a far-left organisation in the Republic of Cyprus.

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Communist Party (Italy)

The Communist Party (Partito Comunista, PC), originally named Communists – Popular Left and Communists – Popular Left – Communist Party since 2012, is an Italian political party of Marxist–Leninist inspiration, founded in 2009.

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Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia

The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy, KSČM) is a communist party in the Czech Republic.

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Communist Party of Greece

The Communist Party of Greece (Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας; Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas, KKE) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Greece.

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Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist)

The Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist) (Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας (μαρξιστικό-λενινιστικό), ΚΚΕ (μ-λ), Kommounistiko Komma Elladas (marxistiko-leninistiko), KKE (m-l)), is a Maoist communist political party in Greece.

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Communist Party of the Russian Federation

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации; КПРФ; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, KPRF) is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Russia.

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Communist Party of Ukraine

The Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична партія України, Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny, KPU) is a political party founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine, which was banned in 1991 and again in 2015.

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Congress of the New Right

The Congress of the New Right (Kongres Nowej Prawicy, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and radically Eurosceptic political party in Poland.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.

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Conservative People's Party of Estonia

The Conservative People's Party of Estonia (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond, EKRE) is a national conservative political party in Estonia.

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Corriere della Sera

The Corriere della Sera (English: Evening Courier) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Milan with an average daily circulation of 410,242 copies in December 2015.

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Countries of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) comprises four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

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Course of Freedom

Course of Freedom (translit) is a left-wing Greek political party founded on 19 April 2016, by former Hellenic Parliament Speaker, Zoe Konstantopoulou.

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Croatian Christian Democratic Party

Croatian Christian Democratic Party (Hrvatska demokršćanska stranka or HDS) is a political party in Croatia with the goal that Croatia will become a state with Christian ideals.

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Croatian parliamentary election, 2016

Parliamentary elections were held in Croatia on 11 September 2016, with all 151 seats in the Croatian Parliament up for election.

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Croatian Party of Rights

The Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska stranka prava or HSP) is an extra-parliamentary Croatian nationalist conservative right-wing political party in Croatia.

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Croatian Party of Rights Dr. Ante Starčević

Croatian Party of Rights Dr.

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Croatian Pure Party of Rights

Croatian Pure Party of Rights (Hrvatska čista stranka prava or HČSP) is a far-right political party in Croatia founded in 1992.

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Culture of Europe

The culture of Europe is rooted in the art, architecture, music, literature, and philosophy that originated from the continent of Europe.

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Cyprus

Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.

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Czech legislative election, 2017

The 2017 Czech legislative election was held in the Czech Republic on 20 and 21 October 2017.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Danish Amsterdam Treaty referendum, 1998

A referendum on the Amsterdam Treaty was held in Denmark on 28 May 1998.

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Danish euro referendum, 2000

A referendum on joining the euro was held in Denmark on 28 September 2000.

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Danish People's Party

The Danish People's Party (DPP) (Dansk Folkeparti, DF) is a political party in Denmark which is generally described as right-wing populist by academics and far-right by international media.

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Danish Single European Act referendum, 1986

A non-binding referendum on the Single European Act was held in Denmark on 27 February 1986.

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Danish Social Liberal Party

The Danish Social Liberal Party (Radikale Venstre, "Radical Left", i.e. "Radical Liberal Party") is a social-liberal political party in Denmark.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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Debout la France

Debout la France ("France Arise"; DLF) is a French political party founded by Nicolas Dupont-Aignan in 1999 under the name Debout la République (Republic Arise, DLR) as the "genuine Gaullist" branch of the Rally for the Republic (RPR).

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Democratic deficit in the European Union

The concept of a democratic deficit within the European Union (EU) is the notion that the governance of the EU lacks democratic legitimacy.

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Democratic Left (Greece)

Democratic Left (DIMAR) is a social-democratic political party in Greece.

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Democratic Party (Italy)

The Democratic Party (Partito Democratico, PD) is a social-democratic political party in Italy.

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Democratic Party of Serbia

The Democratic Party of Serbia (Демократска странка Србије / Demokratska stranka Srbije,, Serbian abbreviation: ДCC / DSS) is a national conservative and Christian democratic political party in Serbia.

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Democrats 66

Democrats 66 (Democraten 66, D66,; officially Politieke Partij Democraten 66) is a social-liberal political party in the Netherlands.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Ireland)

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFA/DFAT) (An Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha agus Trádála) is a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for promoting the interests of Ireland in the European Union and the wider world.

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Die Presse

Die Presse is a German language daily broadsheet newspaper based in Vienna, Austria.

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Dutch European Constitution referendum, 2005

A consultative referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was held in the Netherlands on 1 June 2005 to decide whether the government should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.

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Dveri

The Serbian Movement Dveri (Српски покрет Двери / Srpski pokret Dveri, meaning 'doors') is a right-wing political movement in Serbia.

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Eco-social market economy

The Eco-Social Market Economy (ESME), also known as the Socio-Ecological Market Economy (SEME) or Social and Ecological Market Economy, aims at balancing free market economics, the strive for social fairness and the sustainable use and protection of the natural resources.

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ELAM (Cyprus)

The National Popular Front, or National People's Front (Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο (ΕΛΑΜ), Ethniko Laiko Metopo (ELAM)), is an ultranationalist movement (and later, political party) founded in 2008 in the Republic of Cyprus.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Environmental policy of the European Union

The European Union (EU) is considered by some to have the most extensive environmental laws of any international organisation.

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Estonian Centre Party

The Estonian Centre Party (Eesti Keskerakond) is a centrist, social-liberal, and populist political party in Estonia.

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Estonian Independence Party

The Estonian Independence Party (Eesti Iseseisvuspartei, EIP) is a far-right political party in Estonia.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

The Indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe.

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EU Exit Party

The EU Exit Party for Austria (EU-Austrittspartei für Österreich, EUAUS) is a political party in Austria founded on 15 September 2011.

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EUobserver

EUobserver is a European online newspaper, launched in 2000 by the Brussels-based organisation EUobserver.com ASBL.

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Eurasian Economic Union

The Eurasian Economic Union (officially EAEU, but sometimes called EEU or EAU)The acronym is used in the.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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Eurobarometer

Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission since 1973.

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Europe of Democracies and Diversities

Europe of Democracies and Diversities (EDD) was a Eurosceptic political group with seats in the European Parliament between 1999 and 2004.

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Europe of Freedom and Democracy

Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) was a right-wing Eurosceptic political group in the European Parliament.

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Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy

Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD or EFD2) is a populist Eurosceptic political group in the European Parliament.

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European Coal and Steel Community

The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was an organisation of 6 European countries set up after World War II to regulate their industrial production under a centralised authority.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

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European Communities

The European Communities (EC), sometimes referred to as the European Community,;; were three international organizations that were governed by the same set of institutions.

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European Conservatives and Reformists

The European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) is a Eurosceptic and anti-federalist political group in the European Parliament.

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European debt crisis

The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.

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European Economic Area

The European Economic Area (EEA) is the area in which the Agreement on the EEA provides for the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the European Single Market, including the freedom to choose residence in any country within this area.

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European Economic Community

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states.

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European integration

European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe.

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European labour law

European labour law regulates basic transnational standards of employment and partnership at work in the European Union and countries adhering to the European Convention on Human Rights.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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European Parliament election, 2009

Elections to the European Parliament were held in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) between 4 and 7 June 2009.

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European Parliament election, 2009 (France)

European elections to elect 72 French Members of the European Parliament were held on Sunday 7 June 2009.

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European Parliament election, 2014

From 22 to 25 May 2014, elections to the European Parliament were held in the European Union.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Austria)

The 2014 European Parliament election was held on 25 May 2014 in Austria.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Belgium)

The European Parliament election of 2014 in Belgium is an election held on 25 May 2014 in the three Belgian constituencies: the Dutch-speaking electoral college, the French-speaking electoral college and the German-speaking electoral college.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Bulgaria)

The European Parliament election of 2014 in Bulgaria was held on 25 May 2014 to elect the Members of the European Parliament from Bulgaria to the European Parliament as part of the larger European Parliament election.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Czech Republic)

The Czech Republic component of the 2014 European Parliament election was held on 24 and 25 May 2014.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Denmark)

The European Parliament election of 2014 in Denmark was an election held in Denmark on 25 May 2014 to decide who would represent Denmark in the European Parliament (EP) from 2014 to 2019.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Finland)

The 2014 European Parliament election in Finland for the election of the delegation from Finland to the European Parliament took place on 25 May 2014 with advance voting from 14 to 20 May.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (France)

The 2014 European Parliament election in France for the election of the 8th delegation from France to the European Parliament took place on 24 May 2014 in the overseas territories of France, and on 25 May 2014 in metropolitan France.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Germany)

The European Parliament election, 2014 was held on 25 May 2014 in Germany.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Greece)

The 2014 European Parliament election in Greece for the election of the delegation from Greece to the European Parliament took place on 25 May 2014, coinciding with local elections.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Ireland)

The 2014 European Parliament election in Ireland was the Irish component of the 2014 European Parliament election and was held on Friday, 23 May 2014, on the same day as the 2014 local elections and two by-elections (Dublin West and Longford–Westmeath).

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Italy)

The European Parliament election of 2014 in Italy took place on 25 May 2014.

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European Parliament election, 2014 (Sweden)

European Parliament elections in Sweden took place on 25 May 2014.

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European Referendum Campaign

The European Referendum Campaign (ERC) was an independent, Europe-wide, cross party network of NGOs and individuals which intended to bring together campaigners to fight for democratic development within the European Union.

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European Single Market

The European Single Market, Internal Market or Common Market is a single market which seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and labour – the "four freedoms" – within the European Union (EU).

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European United Left–Nordic Green Left

European United Left–Nordic Green Left (Gauche unitaire européenne, GUE-NGL) is a left-wing political group in the European Parliament, established in 1995.

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Europeanisation

Europeanisation (or Europeanization, see spelling differences) refers to a number of related phenomena and patterns of change.

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Europeanism

Europeanism is a political neologism, coined in c. 2002 by the "Center for Dialogue and Universalism" at Warsaw University, coined for ideological support for the process of European integration as pursued by the European Union.

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Euroscepticism

Euroscepticism (also known as EU-scepticism) means criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration.

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Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom

Euroscepticism, i.e. the opposition to policies of supranational European Union institutions and/or opposition to Britain's membership of the European Union, has been a significant element in the politics of the United Kingdom (UK).

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Eurozone

No description.

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Ewald Stadler

Ewald Johann Stadler (born May 21, 1961), is an Austrian right-wing conservative politician.

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.

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Federal Council (Austria)

The Federal Council (German: Bundesrat is the second chamber of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria (Bundesländer) on federal level. As part of a bicameral legislature alongside of the National Council (Nationalrat), it can be compared with an upper house or a senate. In fact, however, it is far less powerful than the National Council: although it has to approve every new law decided for by this "lower" chamber, the latter can—in most cases—overrule the Federal Council's refusal to approve. The Bundesrat has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna, in a conclave of the former Herrenhaus chamber of the Imperial Council (Reichsrat). During a major renovation of the Parliament Building the Federal Council meets in the Hofburg.

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Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland

The Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (German: Eidgenössisch-Demokratische Union, EDU; French: Union Démocratique Fédérale, UDF; Italian: Unione Democratica Federale, UDF; Romansch: Uniun Democrata Federala, UDF) is a Christian-right, national conservative political party in Switzerland.

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Felicity Party

The Felicity Party (Saadet Partisi) is an Islamist Turkish political party founded in 2001.

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Fidesz

Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (in full, Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség) is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Hungary.

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Finns Party

The Finns Party, previously known as the True Finns (Perussuomalaiset, PS, Sannfinländarna, Sannf.), is a populist and nationalist-oriented Finnish political party, founded in 1995 following the dissolution of the Finnish Rural Party.

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Five Star Movement

The Five Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle, M5S) is a political party in Italy.

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Flag of Europe

The European Flag is an official symbol of two separate organisations—the Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union (EU).

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Folketing

The Folketing (Folketinget,; lit. the people's thing), also known as the Danish Parliament in English, is the unicameral national parliament (legislature) of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK

For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK, abbreviated to TB/LNNK) was a free market national conservative political party in Latvia.

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For Latvia from the Heart

For Latvia from the Heart (No sirds Latvijai) is a conservative political party in Latvia founded in May 2014 by former State Auditor Inguna Sudraba.

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Forza Italia (2013)

Forza ItaliaThe name is not usually translated into English: forza is the second-person singular imperative of ''forzare'', in this case translating to "to compel" or "to press", and so means something like "Forward, Italy", "Come on, Italy" or "Go, Italy!".

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Fourth Reich

The Fourth Reich (Viertes Reich) is a hypothetical future German Reich that is the successor to Third Reich (1933–1945), following traditional order introduced in Arthur Moeller van den Bruck's 1923 book Das Dritte Reich that included the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation as the First Reich, and the German Empire as the Second Reich.

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François Asselineau

François Asselineau (born 14 September 1957) is a French politician and an Inspector General for finances.

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François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 2012 to 2017.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frauke Petry

Frauke Petry (born 1 June 1975) is a German politician who was the chair of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party from 4 July 2015 to 29 September 2017.

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Freedom and Direct Democracy

Freedom and Direct Democracy – Tomio Okamura (Svoboda a přímá demokracie - Tomio Okamura, SPD) is a hard Eurosceptic, anti-immigration and pro-direct democracy political party in the Czech Republic.

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Freedom and Solidarity

Freedom and Solidarity (Sloboda a Solidarita, SaS) is a liberal and libertarian political party in Slovakia.

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Freedom of movement

Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".

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Freedom Party of Austria

The Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria.

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French Communist Party

The French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) is a communist party in France.

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French presidential election, 2017

The 2017 French presidential election was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017.

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Gaullism

Gaullism (Gaullisme) is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle, who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic.

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Geneva Citizens' Movement

The Geneva Citizens' Movement (Mouvement Citoyens Genevois), abbreviated to MCG, is a populist political party in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Golden Dawn (political party)

The Popular Association – Golden Dawn (Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή, Laïkós Sýndesmos – Chrysí Avgí), usually known simply as Golden Dawn (Χρυσή Αυγή, Chrysí Avgí), is an ultranationalist, far-right political party in Greece.

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Grand National Assembly of Turkey

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament (Meclis or Parlamento), is the unicameral Turkish legislature.

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Greater Romania Party

The Greater Romania Party (Partidul România Mare, PRM) is a Romanian nationalist political party.

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Greece

No description.

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Greek legislative election, January 2015

The January 2015 Greek legislative election was held in Greece on Sunday, 25 January, to elect all 300 members to the Hellenic Parliament in accordance with the constitution.

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Greens (Greece)

The Greens (Greek: Πράσινοι, Prasinoi) are a Greek political party that supports the principles of political ecology.

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Greens–European Free Alliance

The Greens-European Free Alliance (Greens-EFA) is the political group in the European Parliament containing green, regionalist and left-wing nationalist political parties.

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Herman Van Rompuy

Herman Achille, Count Van Rompuy (Herman Achille, Graaf Van Rompuy,; born 31 October 1947) is a Belgian politician, who formerly served as Prime Minister of Belgium and then as the first President of the European Council.

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Human Shield (political party)

Human Shield (Živi zid, literally translated as "Living Wall") is a populist political party in Croatia, formed out of an anti-eviction group of the same name.

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Hungarian parliamentary election, 2014

The 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election took place on 6 April 2014.

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Hungarian Workers' Party

The Hungarian Workers' Party (Magyar Munkáspárt) is a communist party in Hungary led by Gyula Thürmer.

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Hungary

Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.

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Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions

Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions (Chasse, pêche, nature et traditions;; abbreviated as CPNT) is an agrarianist French political party which aims to defend the traditional values of rural France.

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Icelandic parliamentary election, 2013

An Icelandic parliamentary election was held on 27 April 2013.

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Il Fatto Quotidiano

il Fatto Quotidiano is an Italian daily newspaper owned by Editoriale Il Fatto SpA published in Rome, Italy.

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IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement

The IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM (ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение, VMRO – Bulgarsko Natsionalno Dvizhenie) is a nationalist political party in Bulgaria that was founded in 1991.

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Independence Party (Iceland)

The Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn) is a liberal-conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Iceland.

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Independence/Democracy

Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) was a Eurosceptic political group active during the 2004–2009 term of the European Parliament.

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Independent Greeks

The Independent Greeks (Ανεξάρτητοι Έλληνες (ΑΝΕΛ), Anexartitoi Ellines, ANEL) is a conservative, national-conservative, and right-wing populist political party in Greece.

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Institutions of the European Union

The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision making bodies of the European Union (EU).

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Irish people

The Irish people (Muintir na hÉireann or Na hÉireannaigh) are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture.

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Irish republicanism

Irish republicanism (poblachtánachas Éireannach) is an ideology based on the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent republic.

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Istituto Affari Internazionali

The Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) (English: Institute of International Affairs) is an Italian non-profit organization founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinelli, its first director, thanks to joint contributions from the Fondazione Olivetti, the cultural and political association Il Mulino and the Nord e Sud Research Center, as well as to substantial support from the Ford Foundation.

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Italian Communist Party (2016)

The Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) is a minor communist party in Italy.

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Italian general election, 2013

A general election took place on 24–25 February 2013 to determine the 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 315 elective members of the Senate of the Republic for the 17th Parliament of the Italian Republic.

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Italian Left

Italian Left (Sinistra Italiana, SI) is a left-wing political party in Italy.

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Italian lira

The lira (plural lire) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 and of the Albanian Kingdom between 1941 and 1943.

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Italians

The Italians (Italiani) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to the Italian peninsula.

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Jacques Delors Institute

The Jacques Delors Institute (Institut Jacques Delors), which also uses the name Notre Europe (French for "Our Europe"), is an independent think tank based in Paris.

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Jeremy Corbyn

Jeremy Bernard Corbyn (born 26 May 1949).

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Jobbik

Jobbik, the Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom), commonly known as Jobbik, is a Hungarian political party with radical and nationalist roots.

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June List

The June List (Junilistan, jl) is a Swedish, Eurosceptic political party.

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June Movement

The June Movement (JuniBevægelsen) was a Danish Eurosceptic political organisation founded 23 August 1992.

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Kantar TNS

Kantar TNS (formerly known as Taylor Nelson Sofres) is a market research and market information group.

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Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia

The People's Party – Our Slovakia (Ľudová strana – Naše Slovensko, ĽSNS), since November 2015 officially known as Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia (Kotleba – Ľudová strana Naše Slovensko), is a far-right national populist neo-Nazi political party in Slovakia.

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Kurier

Kurier is a German language daily newspaper based in Vienna, Austria.

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L'Hebdo

L'Hebdo was a weekly French-language news magazine published in Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Labour Party (Malta)

The Labour Party (Partit Laburista, PL), formerly known as the Malta Labour Party (MLP), is a social-democratic political party in Malta.

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Labour Party (Netherlands)

The Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid,, abbreviated as PvdA, or P van de A) is a social-democratic political party in the Netherlands.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Landlocked country

A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas.

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Latvia

Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Law and Justice

Law and Justice (Polish), abbreviated to PiS, is a national-conservative, and Christian democratic political party in Poland.

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Lech Kaczyński

Lech Aleksander Kaczyński (18 June 194910 April 2010) was a Polish lawyer and politician who served as the Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 2005 and as the President of Poland from 2005 until his death in 2010.

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Left Bloc

The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) is a left-wing political party in Portugal founded in 1999.

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Left Front (France)

The Left Front (Front de gauche, FG or FDG) is a French electoral alliance and a political movement created for the 2009 European elections by the French Communist Party and the Left Party when a left-wing minority faction decided to leave the Socialist Party, and the Unitarian Left (Gauche Unitaire), a group which left the New Anticapitalist Party.

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Left Party (France)

The Left Party (Parti de Gauche, PG) is a French democratic socialist political party, founded on 1 February 2009.

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Left Party (Sweden)

The Left Party (Vänsterpartiet, V) is a socialist and feminist political party in Sweden.

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Left-Green Movement

The Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin – grænt framboð, also known by its abbreviation Vinstri Græn, VG) is a eco-socialist political party in Iceland.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.

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Lega Nord

Lega Nord (LN; italic), whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (Northern League for the Independence of Padania), is a regionalist political party in Italy.

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Liberal Conservative Reformers

The Liberal Conservative Reformers (Liberal-Konservative Reformer, LKR) is a centre-right political party in Germany which was known from July 2015 to November 2016 as ALFA.

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Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

The LDPR — Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (ЛДПР — Либерально-Демократическая Партия России), briefly, the LDPR or Liberal Democratic Party, is a socially conservative and economically interventionist political party in Russia led by Vladimir Zhirinovsky since its founding in 1989.

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Liberal Democrats (UK)

The Liberal Democrats (often referred to as Lib Dems) are a liberal British political party, formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a splinter group from the Labour Party, which had formed the SDP–Liberal Alliance from 1981.

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Liberal Party (Norway)

The Liberal Party (Venstre, V, meaning "left") is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Norway.

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Liberation of Bulgaria

In Bulgarian historiography, the Liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of March 3, 1878.

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Libertas Malta

Libertas Malta was a political party in Malta set up to contest the 2009 European Parliament elections under a common banner with Libertas.eu.

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Libertas.eu

Libertas was a pan-European political party founded by Declan Ganley that took part in the European Parliament election, 2009 in several member states of the European Union.

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Liberty (Poland)

Liberty (Wolność) is a Polish right-libertarian and eurosceptic political party established in 2015 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke as a result of his removal from his former party, Congress of the New Right.

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List of political parties in Switzerland

This is a list of political parties in Switzerland.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lumbardia, pronounced: (Western Lombard), (Eastern Lombard)) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of.

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London School of Economics

The London School of Economics (officially The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as LSE) is a public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Lower Austria

Lower Austria (Niederösterreich; Dolní Rakousy; Dolné Rakúsko) is the northeasternmost state of the nine states in Austria.

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Lutte Ouvrière

Workers' Struggle (Lutte Ouvrière) is the name by which the French Trotskyist political party Communist Union (Union Communiste) is usually known, after the name of its weekly paper.

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Marche

Marche, or the Marches, is one of the twenty regions of Italy.

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Marco Rizzo

Marco Rizzo (born on 12 October 1959 in Turin) is an Italian politician and was a Member of the European Parliament for the North-West with the Party of Italian Communists, Member of the Bureau of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left and is vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.

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Margrete Auken

Margrete Helle Auken (born 6 January 1945) is a Danish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Denmark.

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Marian Kotleba

Marian Kotleba (born 7 April 1977) is a Slovak politician and leader of the far-right Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia political party.

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Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Greece

The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Greece (Μαρξιστικό-Λενινιστικό Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Marxistiko-Leninistiko Kommounistiko Komma Elladas), better known by its acronym M-L KKE (Μ-Λ ΚΚΕ), is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist and Maoist, communist far left political party in Greece.

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Matteo Salvini

Matteo Salvini (born 9 March 1973) is an Italian politician serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Minister of the Interior since 1 June 2018.

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Member of the European Parliament

A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.

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Microstate

A microstate or ministate is a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area, and usually both.

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Modern Monetary Theory

Modern Monetary Theory (MMT or Modern Money Theory) is a macroeconomic theory that describes and analyses modern economies in which the national currency is fiat money, established and created by a sovereign government.

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Movement for France

The Movement for France (Mouvement pour la France), abbreviated to MPF, is a French conservative and soft Eurosceptic political party, founded on 20 November 1994, with a marked regional stronghold in the Vendée.

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Movement of Democratic Socialists

The Movement of Democratic Socialists (Κίνημα Δημοκρατών Σοσιαλιστών, Kinima Dimokraton Sosialiston) is a political party in Greece established on 3 January 2015 by George Papandreou after splitting from the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK).

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Multi-speed Europe

Multi-speed Europe or two-speed Europe (called also "variable geometry Europe" or "Core Europe" depending on the form it would take in practice) is the idea that different parts of the European Union should integrate at different levels and pace depending on the political situation in each individual country.

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Nation state

A nation state (or nation-state), in the most specific sense, is a country where a distinct cultural or ethnic group (a "nation" or "people") inhabits a territory and have formed a state (often a sovereign state) that they predominantly govern.

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National Alliance (Latvia)

The National Alliance, officially the National Alliance "All For Latvia!" – "For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK" (Nacionālā apvienība „Visu Latvijai!” – „Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK”), abbreviated to NA, is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Latvia.

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National Council (Austria)

The National Council (Nationalrat) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house.

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National Front (Italy, 1997)

The National Front (Fronte Nazionale, FN) is an Italian far-right political party.

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National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria

The National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB (Natzionalen Front za Spasenie na Bulgaria) (Национален фронт за спасение на България), is a nationalist political party in Bulgaria.

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National Movement (Poland)

National Movement (Ruch Narodowy), abbreviated to RN, is a political party, first formed as an electoral alliance of right-wing and far-right nationalist political movements in Poland, which have signed an ideological agreement, including extreme right-wing movements National Radical Camp and the All-Polish Youth, and conservative-liberal Real Politics Union, the only political party taking part in the agreement.

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National Movement for Sovereignty

The National Movement for Sovereignty (Movimento Nazionale per la Sovranità, MNS) is a national-conservative political party in Italy, founded on 18 February 2017, with the merger of National Action and The Right.

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National Rally (France)

The National Rally (Rassemblement national, RN), formerly known as the National Front (Front national,; FN) until 2018, is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France.

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National Renovator Party

The National Renovator Party (Partido Nacional Renovador,, PNR) is a Portuguese ultranationalist political party.

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Nationalist Movement Party

The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party; Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) is a Turkish far-right conservative political party that adheres to Turkish ultranationalism and Euroscepticism.

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Nenad Popović

Nenad Popović (Ненад Поповић, born 30 September 1966) is a Serbian politician and businessman.

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Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism or neo-liberalism refers primarily to the 20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with laissez-faire economic liberalism.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Neutral Free Austria Federation

The Neutral Free Austria Federation (Bündnis Neutrales Freies Österreich, NFÖ) is a political party in Austria founded on 17 March 2003.

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New Anticapitalist Party

The New Anticapitalist Party (Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste, abbreviated NPA) is a far-left French political party founded in February 2009.

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New Democracy (Greece)

The New Democracy (Νέα Δημοκρατία, Nea Dimokratia), also referred to as ND (ΝΔ) by its initials, is a liberal-conservative political party in Greece.

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New Force (Italy)

New Force (Forza Nuova, FN) is an Italian far-right political party.

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New Internationalist Left

New Internationalist Left (Νέα Διεθνιστική Αριστερά (ΝΕΔΑ), Nea Diethnistike Aristera (NEDA); Yeni Enternasyonalist Sol) is a Trotskyist political organization in Cyprus affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International.

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New Majority (Slovakia)

NOVA is a conservative political party in Slovakia.

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New Republic (Romania)

The New Republic (Noua Republică) is a political party in Romania.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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No Euro Movement

The No Euro Movement (Movimento No Euro) is a small political party that aims to remove the euro as the Italian currency, returning to the Italian lira, and advocates governmental control of the Italian Central Bank.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.

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Norwegian European Communities membership referendum, 1972

A referendum on whether Norway should join the European Community was held on 25 September 1972.

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Norwegian European Union membership referendum, 1994

A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Norway on 27 and 28 November 1994.

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Noua Dreaptă

Noua Dreaptă (The New Right) is an ultranationalist, far-right organization in Romania and Moldova, founded in 2000.

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Only Croatia – Movement for Croatia

Only Croatia – Movement for Croatia (Jedino Hrvatska – Pokret za Hrvatsku) is a political party in Croatia, formed in 2007.

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Oppressors–oppressed distinction

Oppressors–oppressed distinction or dominant-dominated opposition is a political concept.

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Opt-out

The term opt-out refers to several methods by which individuals can avoid receiving unsolicited product or service information.

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Order and Justice

Party Order and Justice (Partija tvarka ir teisingumas, PTT), formerly the Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalų Demokratų Partija, LDP), is a right-wing national-conservative political party in Lithuania that self-identifies as 'left-of-centre'.

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Ordinary People (Slovakia)

Ordinary People (Obyčajní Ľudia), full name Ordinary People and Independent Personalities (Obyčajní Ľudia a nezávislé osobnosti, OĽaNO), is a conservative political party in Slovakia.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Oxford Union

The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford.

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Panos Kammenos

Panagiotis "Panos" Kammenos (Πάνος Καμμένος,; born 12 May 1965) is a Greek politician and the founder of the right-wing party "Independent Greeks", which formed the governing coalition of the Hellenic Parliament with the Syriza Party after Kammenos met with Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, on 26 January 2015.

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Paolo Barnard

Paolo Rossi-Barnard is an Italian journalist and documentary maker.

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Parliament of Montenegro

The Parliament of Montenegro (Skupština Crne Gore, Скупштина Црне Горе) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro.

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Parliament of the Republic of Moldova

The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (Parlamentul Republicii Moldova) is the unicameral assembly of the Republic of Moldova.

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Parliamentary group

A parliamentary group, parliamentary party, or parliamentary caucus is a group consisting of members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties in a legislative assembly such as a parliament or a city council.

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Party for Freedom

The Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a Dutch nationalist and right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands.

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Party for the Animals

The Party for the Animals (Partij voor de Dieren; PvdD) is a political party in the Netherlands.

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Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova

The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova (PCRM), Moldovan Cyrillic: Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова (ПКРМ), Партия коммунистов Республики Молдова, Partiya kommunistov Respubliki Moldova) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin.

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Party of Free Citizens

The Party of Free Citizens or the Free Citizens' Party (Strana svobodných občanů, Svobodní) is a classical liberal and right-libertarian,https://is.muni.cz/th/397608/fss_b/Strana_svobodnych_obcanu_z_hlediska_politicky_ideji_-_Navrat__Miroslav.pdf Eurosceptic political party in the Czech Republic.

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Party of Regions

The Party of Regions (Партія регіонів, pronounced; Партия регионов) is a pro-Russia political party of Ukraine created in late 1997 that then grew to be the biggest party of Ukraine between 2006 and 2014.

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Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova

The Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (Partidul Socialiştilor din Republica Moldova, PSRM; Партия социалистов Республики Молдова, Partija socialistov Respubliki Moldova) is a pro-Russian democratic socialist, nationalist and populist political party in Moldova.

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PASOK

The Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα), known mostly by its acronym PASOK (ΠΑΣΟΚ), was a social-democratic political party in Greece.

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Patriotic Party (Turkey)

The Patriotic Party (Vatan Partisi, VATAN) is a left-wing nationalist political party in Turkey.

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People's Movement against the EU

The People's Movement against the EU (Folkebevægelsen mod EU) is a political association in Denmark against the European Union.

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People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands.

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Petr Mach

Petr Mach (born 6 May 1975 in Prague) is a Czech economist and former Member of the European Parliament.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Political radicalism

The term political radicalism (in political science known as radicalism) denotes political principles focused on altering social structures through revolutionary or other means and changing value systems in fundamental ways.

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Political spectrum

A political spectrum is a system of classifying different political positions upon one or more geometric axes that symbolize independent political dimensions.

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Politico

Politico, known earlier as The Politico, is an American political journalism company based in Arlington County, Virginia, that covers politics and policy in the United States and internationally.

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Politics Can Be Different

Politics Can Be Different (alternative translation: "Another Politics Is Possible") (Lehet Más a Politika, LMP) is a green-liberal political party in Hungary.

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Popular Alliance (San Marino)

The Popular Alliance (Alleanza Popolare, AP) was a liberal-centrist political party in San Marino.

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Popular Alternative

Popular Alternative (Alternativa Popolare, AP) is a centrist, mainly Christian-democratic and originally centre-right political party in Italy that was founded on 18 March 2017 after the dissolution of New Centre-Right (NCD), one of the two parties that emerged at the break-up of The People of Freedom (PdL, the main Italian centre-right party from 2008–2013).

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Popular Orthodox Rally

The Popular Orthodox Rally or People's Orthodox Alarm (Greek: Λαϊκός Ορθόδοξος Συναγερμός, Laikós Orthódoxos Synagermós), often abbreviated to LAOS (ΛΑ.Ο.Σ.) as a pun on the Greek word for people, is a Greek radical right-wing populist political party.

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Popular Republican Union (2007)

Popular Republican Union (Union Populaire Républicaine) is a French political party, founded in 2007 by François Asselineau.

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Popular Unity (Greece)

Popular Unity (Λαϊκή Ενότητα (ΛΑΕ), Laïkí Enótita, LAE) is a left-wing political party in Greece.

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Popular Unity Candidacy

The Popular Unity Candidacy (Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, CUP) is a left-wing pro-Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia where it has political representation, but also in other Autonomous Communities in Spain it considers to belong to the Catalan Countries.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Portugal Ahead

The Portugal Ahead (Portugal à Frente, PàF) was a right-wing political and electoral alliance in Portugal formed by the Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP).

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Portuguese Communist Party

The Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Português,, PCP) is a major political party in Portugal.

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President of the European Council

The President of the European Council is a principal representative of the European Union (EU) on the world stage, and the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council.

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Prime Minister of Hungary

The Prime Minister of Hungary (miniszterelnök) is the head of government in Hungary.

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Pro-Europeanism

Pro-Europeanism is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU).

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Progressive Party (Iceland)

The Progressive Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn, FSF) is a centre-right, populist and agrarian political party in Iceland.

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Progressive Party of Working People

The Progressive Party of Working People (Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού (ΑΚΕΛ), Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú (AKEL); Emekçi Halkın İlerici Partisi) is a Marxist-Leninist communist political party in Cyprus.

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Protest vote

A protest vote (also known as a blank vote or white vote) is a vote cast in an election to demonstrate the voter's dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or refusal of the current political system.

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Radical right (Europe)

In political science, the terms radical right and populist right have been used to refer to the range of European right-wing parties that have grown in support since the late 1970s.

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Ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon

The ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon was officially completed by all member states of the European Union on 13 November 2009 when the Czech Republic deposited its instrument of ratification with the Italian government.

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Real Politics Union

The Real Politics Union (Unia Polityki Realnej, UPR) is a free market-emphasising conservative political party in Poland.

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Red Party (Norway)

The Red Party (Rødt, Raudt, Ruoksat) is a Norwegian far-left.

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Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)

The Red–Green Alliance (Enhedslisten – De Rød-Grønne, literally Unity List – The Red–Greens, abbreviated Enhl., Ø) is a eco-socialist political party in Denmark.

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Reformed Political Party

The Reformed Political Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij, SGP) is an orthodox CalvinistThese sources describe the SGP as a Calvinist political party.

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Regionalism (politics)

In politics, regionalism is a political ideology that focuses on the national or normative interests of a particular region, group of regions or another subnational entity.

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Reload Bulgaria

Reload Bulgaria (Презареди България, Prezaredi Balgariya; formerly Bulgaria Without Censorship, България без цензура) is a populist political party in Bulgaria.

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Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

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Results of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016

The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, also known as the EU referendum, took place in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar on 23 June 2016.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Richard Sulík

Richard Sulík (born 12 January 1968) is a Slovak economist, businessman and politician.

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Right Sector

Right Sector (Правий сектор, Pravyi Sektor) is a far-right Ukrainian nationalist political party and movement.

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Right-wing politics

Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable, natural, normal or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.

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Right-wing populism

Right-wing populism is a political ideology which combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes.

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Riksdag

The Riksdag (riksdagen or Sveriges riksdag) is the national legislature and the supreme decision-making body of Sweden.

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RT (TV network)

RT (formerly Russia Today) is a Russian international television network funded by the Russian government.

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Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party

The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party (Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese, PDCS) is a Christian-democratic political party in San Marino.

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Sammarinese referendum, 2013

Two referendums were held in San Marino on 20 October 2013.

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Schengen Area

The Schengen Area is an area comprising 26 European states that have officially abolished passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Serb List (2012)

Serb List (Српска листа/Srpska lista) is a Serbian nationalist party in Montenegro representing the Serb minority, established on 5 January 2012.

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Serbian People's Party (2014)

The Serbian People's Party (Srpska narodna partija (SNP); Српска народна партија) is a right-wing political party in Serbia, formed in 2014 by former members of the Democratic Party of Serbia.

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Serbian Radical Party

The Serbian Radical Party (Српска радикална странка, CPC / Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS) is a Serbian nationalist political party in Serbia.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Simeon Djankov

Simeon Djankov (Симеон Дянков, Simeon Dyankov; born 13 July 1970) is a Bulgarian economist.

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Sinn Féin

Sinn Féin (isbn) is a left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

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Slovak National Party

The Slovak National Party (Slovenská národná strana, SNS) is a nationalist political party in Slovakia.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.

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Slovenian National Party

The Slovenian National Party (Slovenska Nacionalna Stranka, SNS) is a nationalist political party in Slovenia led by Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti.

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Social Democratic Party of Austria

The Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a social-democratic political party in Austria and alongside the People's Party one of the two traditional major parties.

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Social Democrats (Denmark)

The Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne), officially Social Democracy (Socialdemokratiet), is a social-democratic political party in Denmark.

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Socialist Left Party (Norway)

The Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti, Sosialistalas Gurutbellodat) or SV, is a democratic socialist political party in Norway.

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Socialist Party (Ireland)

The Socialist Party is a Trotskyist – Harry McGee.

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Socialist Party (Netherlands)

The Socialist Party (Socialistische Partij,; abbreviated SP) is a left-wing, democratic socialist political party in the Netherlands.

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Socialist Party (San Marino)

The Socialist Party (Partito Socialista, PS) is a Moderate and social-democratic political party in San Marino.

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Socialist People's Party (Denmark)

The Socialist People's Party (Socialistisk Folkeparti, SF) is a green and popular socialist political party in Denmark.

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Sofia

Sofia (Со́фия, tr.) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.

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Souverainism

Souverainism (from the French word "souverainisme", i.e. the ideology of sovereignty) or sovereigntism is a doctrine which supports acquiring or preserving political independence of a nation or a region.

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Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Sputnik (news agency)

Sputnik (formerly The Voice of Russia and RIA Novosti) is a news agency, news website platform and radio broadcast service established by the Russian government-controlled news agency Rossiya Segodnya.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Supranational union

A supranational union is a type of multinational political union where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Sweden Democrats

Sweden Democrats or Swedish Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna, SD) is a nationalist political party in Sweden that was founded in 1988.

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Swiss federal election, 2015

Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 18 October 2015 for the National Council and the first round of elections to the Council of States, with runoff elections to the Council of States being held in various cantons until 22 November.

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Swiss immigration referendum, February 2014

The Swiss federal popular initiative "against mass immigration" (Eidgenössische Volksinitiative "Gegen Masseneinwanderung"., Initiative populaire « Contre l'immigration de masse »., Iniziativa popolare "Contro l'immigrazione di massa".) was a referendum that aimed to limit immigration through quotas, as it had been prior to the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) launched 2002.

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Swiss neutrality

Swiss neutrality is one of the main principles of Switzerland's foreign policy which dictates that Switzerland is not to be involved in armed conflicts between other states.

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Swiss People's Party

The Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP; Partida populara Svizra, PPS), also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre (Union démocratique du centre, UDC; Unione Democratica di Centro, UDC), is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Switzerland.

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Swiss referendums, 1992

Fifteen referendums were held in Switzerland during 1992.

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Swiss referendums, 2001

Eleven referendums were held in Switzerland during 2001.

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Swissinfo

SWI swissinfo.ch is a ten-language news and information platform produced by the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Switzerland–European Union relations

The relations between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) are framed by a series of bilateral treaties whereby the Swiss Confederation has adopted various provisions of European Union law in order to participate in the Union's single market, without joining as a member state.

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Syriza

The Coalition of the Radical Left (translit), mostly known by the syllabic abbreviation Syriza (sometimes stylised SY.RIZ.A.; ΣΥΡΙΖΑ; a pun on the Greek adverb σύρριζα, meaning "from the roots" or "radically"), is a political party in Greece, originally founded in 2004 as a coalition of left-wing and radical left parties.

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Team Stronach

The Team Stronach, full name Team Stronach for Austria (Team Stronach für Österreich), was a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in Austria founded by and named after Austrian-Canadian businessman Frank Stronach.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Christians (Norway)

The Christians Party (Partiet De Kristne, PDK) is a conservative Christian political party in Norway founded in 2011.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Greens – The Green Alternative

The Greens – The Green Alternative (Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative or Die Grünen, also called the Austrian Green Party) is a political party in Austria.

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The Irish Times

The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper launched on 29 March 1859.

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The Local

The Local is an English-language digital news publisher with local editions in Sweden, Germany, France, Spain, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Austria and Italy.

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The Other Europe

The Other Europe (L'Altra Europa), whose full name is The Other Europe with Tsipras (L'Altra Europa con Tsipras), is a left-wing political alliance in Italy, which took part to the 2014 European Parliament election in support of Alexis Tsipras, the candidate of the Party of the European Left for President of the European Commission.

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The Reform Conservatives

The Reform Conservatives (Die Reformkonservativen, REKOS) is a conservative political party in Austria.

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The River (Greece)

The River (To Potami) is a centrist and social-liberal political party in Greece.

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Ticino League

The Ticino League (Lega dei Ticinesi) is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.

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Tony Benn

Anthony Neil Wedgwood Benn (3 April 1925 – 14 March 2014), originally known as Anthony Wedgwood Benn, but later as Tony Benn, was a British politician, writer, and diarist.

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Trade union

A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.

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Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE; commonly referred to as the European Constitution or as the Constitutional Treaty) was an unratified international treaty intended to create a consolidated constitution for the European Union (EU).

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Treaty of Lisbon

The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU).

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Treaty of Rome

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Rome) is one of two treaties forming the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), the other being the Treaty on European Union (TEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Maastricht).

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Tricolour Flame

The Social Movement – Tricolour Flame (Movimento Sociale – Fiamma Tricolore, MS-FT), commonly known as Tricolour Flame (Fiamma Tricolore), is a neo-fascist political party in Italy.

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Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkish general election, November 2015

The Turkish general election of November 2015 was held on 1 November 2015 throughout the 85 electoral districts of Turkey to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly.

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UK Independence Party

The UK Independence Party (UKIP) is a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Union for the Republic (San Marino)

The Union for the Republic (Unione Per la Repubblica, UPR) is a centrist and Christian democratic political party in San Marino.

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Union of Centrists

The Union of Centrists (Ένωση Κεντρώων, Enosi Kentroon) is a centrist and liberal political party in Greece.

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Union of Communists in Bulgaria

The Union of Communists of Bulgaria (Sayuz na Komunistite v Balgariya, SKB) is a communist party in Bulgaria, registered in 1995.

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Union of Greens and Farmers

Union of Greens and Farmers (Zaļo un Zemnieku savienība, ZZS) is a green conservative and agrarian political alliance in Latvia.

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United Ireland

United Ireland (also referred to as Irish reunification) is the proposition that the whole of Ireland should be a single sovereign state.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, 1975

The United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, also known as the Referendum on the European Community (Common Market), the Common Market referendum and EEC membership referendum took place on 5 June 1975 in the United Kingdom to gauge support for the country's continued membership of the European Communities (EC)—often known at the time as the "European Community” and the "Common Market" which it had entered on 1 January 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath under the provisions of the Referendum Act 1975.

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United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016

The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, also known as the EU referendum and the Brexit referendum, took place on 23 June 2016 in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to gauge support for the country either remaining a member of, or leaving, the European Union (EU) under the provisions of the European Union Referendum Act 2015 and also the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.

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United Kingdom general election, 2015

The 2015 United Kingdom general election was held on 7 May 2015 to elect 650 members to the House of Commons.

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United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union

The United Kingdom's invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union happened on 29 March 2017, and it began the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (EU), commonly referred to as Brexit.

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United Left (San Marino)

United Left (Sinistra Unita, SU) was a left-wing political party in San Marino.

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United Left (Slovenia)

United Left (Združena levica, abbreviated ZL) was a left-wing electoral alliance in Slovenia, between the (DSD), (TRS), and Initiative for Democratic Socialism (IDS).

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United Russia

United Russia ((j)ɪˈdʲinəjə rɐˈsʲijə) is the ruling political party of the Russian Federation.

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United States of Europe

The United States of Europe, the European state, the European superstate, the European federation and Federal Europe are names used to refer to several similar hypothetical scenarios of the unification of Europe as a single sovereign federation of states (hence superstate), similar to the United States of America, both as projected by writers of speculative fiction and science fiction and by political scientists, politicians, geographers, historians and futurologists.

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Us with Salvini

Us with Salvini (Noi con Salvini, NcS), is a populist political party in Italy, whose main campaign themes are Euroscepticism and a strong stance against illegal immigration.

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Václav Klaus

Václav Klaus (born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second President of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013.

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Venetian regional election, 2015

The Venetian regional election of 2015 took place in Veneto on 31 May 2015, as part of a big round of regional elections in Italy.

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Veneto

Veneto (or,; Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Viktor Orbán

Viktor Mihály Orbán (born 31 May 1963) is a Hungarian politician.

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Vlaams Belang

Vlaams Belang (VB; Dutch for "Flemish Interest") is a right-wing populist and Flemish nationalist political party in the Flemish Region and Brussels of Belgium.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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We Are Family (Slovakia)

We Are Family (Sme Rodina) is a right-wing political party in Slovakia led by Boris Kollár known for its populism and opposition to immigration.

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We Sammarinese

We Sammarinese (Noi Sammarinesi, NS) is a centrist political party in San Marino, actually in federation with the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party.

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Withdrawal from the European Union

Withdrawal from the European Union is the legal and political process whereby a member state of the European Union ceases to be a member of the union.

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Xenophobia

Xenophobia is the fear and distrust of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange.

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Redirects here:

Anti-EU, Anti-Euro, Criticism of EU, Criticism of the European Union, EU debate, EU-sceptic, EU-skepticism, EUSSR, Euro sceptic, Euro scepticsm, Euro-realism, Euro-realist, Euro-sceptic, Euro-scepticism, Euro-skeptic, Eurorealism, Eurorealist, Eurosceptic, Euroscepticism (soft), Eurosceptics, Euroskeptic, Euroskepticism, Euroskeptics, Euroskeptism, Hard Euroscepticism, Hard euroscepticism, Opponent of European integration, Soft Euroscepticism, Soft Euroskepticism, Soft euroscepticism.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroscepticism

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