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249 relations: Aeolis Palus, Altimeter, Aquifer, Ares V, Ares Vallis, Associated Press, Asteroid, Astrobiology, Atmosphere of Mars, Atmospheric pressure, Attitude control, Aurora, Autotroph, Avalanche, Baikonur Cosmodrome, BBC News, Beagle 2, Beagle 3, Biological Oxidant and Life Detection, Biomolecule, Biosignature, Biosphere, Bit rate, Boeing, Ceres (dwarf planet), Chemotroph, China, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Chryse Planitia, Colonization of Mars, Coordinated Universal Time, Cosmic ray, CubeSat, Curiosity (rover), Data transmission, Dawn (spacecraft), Deep Space 2, Deimos (moon), Discovery Channel, Donald Neff, Dragon 2, Dromore (crater), Earth, Emergency landing, European Space Agency, ExoMars, ExoMars (rover), ExoMars 2020 surface platform, ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, Fobos-Grunt, ..., Fossil, Free-return trajectory, Gale (crater), Gamma Ray Spectrometer (2001 Mars Odyssey), Gamma-ray spectrometer, George W. Bush, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III, Geysers on Mars, Gravity, Gravity assist, Heliocentric orbit, HiRISE, Hope Mars Mission, Human mission to Mars, Hydrogen, Ice, Icebreaker Life, Impact (mechanics), Indian Space Research Organisation, InSight, Inspiration Mars Foundation, International Business Times, International Space Station, Ionosphere, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Kilogram, Kosmos 419, Lacustrine plain, Lake, Lander (spacecraft), Laser, Launch window, Life on Mars, List of artificial objects on Mars, List of missions to Mars, List of tallest mountains in the Solar System, Lockheed Martin, Low Earth orbit, Lunae Palus quadrangle, Magnetic field, Magnetism, Magnetometer, Mariner 3, Mariner 4, Mariner 6 and 7, Mariner 8, Mariner 9, Mars, Mars 1, Mars 1M, Mars 2, Mars 2020, Mars 2022 orbiter, Mars 2M No.521, Mars 2M No.522, Mars 2MV-3 No.1, Mars 2MV-4 No.1, Mars 3, Mars 4, Mars 5, Mars 5M, Mars 6, Mars 7, Mars 96, Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher, Mars Climate Orbiter, Mars Cube One, Mars Design Reference Mission, Mars Direct, Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group, Mars Exploration Rover, Mars Express, Mars Geyser Hopper, Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Helicopter Scout, Mars landing, Mars MetNet, Mars Observer, Mars One, Mars Orbiter Mission, Mars Orbiter Mission 2, Mars Pathfinder, Mars Polar Lander, Mars program, Mars race, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars rover, Mars sample return mission, Mars Science Laboratory, Mars Scout Program, Mars Society, Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, Mars Telecommunications Orbiter, Mars to Stay, Mars-Grunt, Marsokhod, Martian canal, Martian Moons Exploration, Martian soil, MAVEN, MELOS, MESUR, Meteorology, Metre per hour, Metric system, Michael D. Griffin, Micrometeoroid, Microorganism, Mineral, Molniya-1 No.2, N1 (rocket), NASA, Natural satellite, NDTV, NetLander, Neutron, North Pole, Northern Light (spacecraft), Nozomi (spacecraft), Observations and explorations of Venus, Occultation, Olympus Mons, Opportunity (rover), Orbital period, Orion (spacecraft), Outer space, Oxia Palus quadrangle, Phobos (moon), Phobos 1, Phobos 2, Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment, Phobos program, Phoenix (spacecraft), Phootprint, Plain, Planetary Fourier Spectrometer, Planetary habitability, Polar orbit, Reconnaissance, Regolith, Remote sensing, River, Robert Zubrin, Robotic spacecraft, Roscosmos, Rosetta (spacecraft), Rover (space exploration), Sample-return mission, Saturn V, Schiaparelli EDM lander, Science (journal), Scientific American, Seismology, SHARAD, Sky-Sailor, Soft landing (rocketry), Sojourner (rover), Solar panel, Solar System, Soviet space program, Soviet Union, Space colonization, Space exploration, Space weather, Space.com, SpaceX Red Dragon, Spectrometer, Spirit (rover), Taphonomy, The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, Time (magazine), Timeline of Solar System exploration, Tonne, Total organic carbon, United Arab Emirates, United States customary units, United States dollar, United States Geological Survey, Van Allen radiation belt, Vesta (spacecraft), Viking 1, Viking 2, Viking lander biological experiments, Viking program, Vision for Space Exploration, Volcano, Voyager program (Mars), Water, Yinghuo-1, Yomiuri Shimbun, Yutu (rover), Zond 2, Zond program, 2001 Mars Odyssey, 20th century, 4 Vesta, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Expand index (199 more) »
Aeolis Palus
Aeolis Palus is a plain between the northern wall of Gale crater and the northern foothills of Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) on Mars.
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Altimeter
An altimeter or an altitude meter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.
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Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
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Ares V
The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) was the planned cargo launch component of the cancelled NASA Constellation program, which was to have replaced the Space Shuttle after its retirement in 2011.
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Ares Vallis
Ares Vallis is an outflow channel on Mars, named after the Greek name for Mars: Ares, the god of war; it appears to have been carved by fluids, perhaps water.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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Asteroid
Asteroids are minor planets, especially those of the inner Solar System.
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Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
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Atmosphere of Mars
The atmosphere of the planet Mars is composed mostly of carbon dioxide.
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Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).
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Attitude control
Attitude control is controlling the orientation of an object with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity like the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.
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Aurora
An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).
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Autotroph
An autotroph ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).
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Avalanche
An avalanche (also called a snowslide) is a cohesive slab of snow lying upon a weaker layer of snow in the snowpack that fractures and slides down a steep slope when triggered.
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Baikonur Cosmodrome
Baikonur Cosmodrome (translit; translit) is a spaceport located in an area of southern Kazakhstan leased to Russia.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
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Beagle 2
The Beagle 2 was a British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. It was an astrobiology mission that would have looked for past life on the shallow surface of Mars. The spacecraft was successfully deployed from the Mars Express on 19 December 2003 and was scheduled to land on the surface of Mars on 25 December; however, no contact was received at the expected time of landing on Mars, with the ESA declaring the mission lost in February 2004, after numerous attempts to contact the spacecraft were made. The Beagle 2 fate remained a mystery until January 2015 when it was located intact on the surface of Mars in a series of images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE camera. The images suggest that two of the spacecraft's four solar panels failed to deploy, blocking the spacecraft's communications antenna. The Beagle 2 is named after, the ship used by Charles Darwin.
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Beagle 3
Beagle 3 (also called Beagle 2: Evolution) was a proposed Mars lander mission to search for life on Mars, past or present.
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Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
The Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD) is a concept mission to Mars focused on searching for evidence or biosignatures of microscopic life on Mars.
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Biomolecule
A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules and ions that are present in organisms, essential to some typically biological process such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.
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Biosignature
A biosignature (sometimes called chemical fossil or molecular fossil) is any substance – such as an element, isotope, molecule, or phenomenon – that provides scientific evidence of past or present life.
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Biosphere
The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
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Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.
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Boeing
The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.
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Ceres (dwarf planet)
Ceres (minor-planet designation: 1 Ceres) is the largest object in the asteroid belt that lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, slightly closer to Mars' orbit.
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Chemotroph
Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) is the main contractor for the Chinese space program.
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Chryse Planitia
Chryse Planitia (Greek, "Golden Plain") is a smooth circular plain in the northern equatorial region of Mars close to the Tharsis region to the west, centered at.
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Colonization of Mars
Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization.
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Coordinated Universal Time
No description.
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Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays are high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System and even from distant galaxies.
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CubeSat
A CubeSat (U-class spacecraft) is a type of miniaturized satellite for space research that is made up of multiples of 10×10×10 cm cubic units.
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Curiosity (rover)
Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL).
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Data transmission
Data transmission (also data communication or digital communications) is the transfer of data (a digital bitstream or a digitized analog signal) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel.
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Dawn (spacecraft)
Dawn is a space probe launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres.
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Deep Space 2
Deep Space 2 was a NASA probe part of the New Millennium Program.
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Deimos (moon)
Deimos (systematic designation: Mars II) is the smaller and outer of the two natural satellites of the planet Mars, the other being Phobos.
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Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American pay television channel that is the flagship television property of Discovery Inc., a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav.
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Donald Neff
Donald Lloyd Neff (October 15, 1930 – May 10, 2015) was an American historian and journalist.
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Dragon 2
Dragon 2 (also Crew Dragon, Dragon V2, or formerly DragonRider) is the second version of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, which will be a human-rated vehicle.
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Dromore (crater)
Dromore is a crater on Mars, located within the outflow channel Maja Valles in the Lunae Palus quadrangle at 20.1 N and 49.7 W. It measures 14.8 kilometers in diameter and was named after a town in Northern Ireland.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Emergency landing
An emergency landing is a prioritised landing made by an aircraft in response to an emergency containing an imminent or ongoing threat to the safety and operation of the aircraft or involving a sudden need for a passenger or crew on board to be on land, such as a medical emergency.
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European Space Agency
The European Space Agency (ESA; Agence spatiale européenne, ASE; Europäische Weltraumorganisation) is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space.
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ExoMars
ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is a two-part astrobiology project to search for evidence of life on Mars, a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian space agency Roscosmos.
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ExoMars (rover)
The ExoMars rover is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation.
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ExoMars 2020 surface platform
The ExoMars 2020 surface platform is a planned robotic Mars lander, part of the ExoMars 2020 mission by the European Space Agency and the Roscosmos State Corporation.
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ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is a collaborative project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos that sent an atmospheric research orbiter and the ''Schiaparelli'' demonstration lander to Mars in 2016 as part of the European-led ExoMars programme.
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Fobos-Grunt
Fobos-Grunt or Phobos-Grunt (Фобос-Грунт, literally "Phobos-Ground") was an attempted Russian sample return mission to Phobos, one of the moons of Mars.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Free-return trajectory
A free-return trajectory is a trajectory of a spacecraft traveling away from a primary body (for example, the Earth) where gravity due to a secondary body (for example, the Moon) causes the spacecraft to return to the primary body without propulsion (hence the term free).
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Gale (crater)
Gale is a crater, and probable dry lake, on Mars near the northwestern part of the Aeolis quadrangle at.
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Gamma Ray Spectrometer (2001 Mars Odyssey)
The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) is a gamma-ray spectrometer on the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft, a space probe orbiting the planet Mars since 2001.
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Gamma-ray spectrometer
A gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is an instrument for measuring the distribution (or spectrum—see figure) of the intensity of gamma radiation versus the energy of each photon.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III
The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV-III), also referred to as the Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3) is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
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Geysers on Mars
Martian geysers (or jets) are putative sites of small gas and dust eruptions that occur in the south polar region of Mars during the spring thaw.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Gravity assist
In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by is the use of the relative movement (e.g. orbit around the Sun) and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically to save propellant and reduce expense.
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Heliocentric orbit
A heliocentric orbit (also called circumsolar orbit) is an orbit around the barycenter of the Solar System, which is usually located within or very near the surface of the Sun.
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HiRISE
For the Apple accessory see Twelve South High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is a camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
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Hope Mars Mission
The Hope Mars Mission or Emirates Mars Mission (مسبار الأمل) is a space exploration probe mission to Mars, set to be launched by the United Arab Emirates in 2020.
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Human mission to Mars
A human mission to Mars has been the subject of science fiction, aerospace engineering, and scientific proposals since the 19th century.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Ice
Ice is water frozen into a solid state.
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Icebreaker Life
Icebreaker Life is a Mars mission concept that was proposed for NASA's Discovery Program in 2015.
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Impact (mechanics)
In mechanics, an impact is a high force or shock applied over a short time period when two or more bodies collide.
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Indian Space Research Organisation
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city of Bangalore.
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InSight
InSight is a robotic lander designed to study the interior of the planet Mars.
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Inspiration Mars Foundation
Inspiration Mars Foundation is an American nonprofit organization founded by Dennis Tito that proposed to launch a manned mission to flyby Mars in January 2018, or 2021 if they missed the first deadline.
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International Business Times
The International Business Times is an American online news publication that publishes seven national editions and four languages.
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International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit.
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Ionosphere
The ionosphere is the ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere, from about to altitude, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere.
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in Pasadena, California, United States, with large portions of the campus in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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Kilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK, also known as "Le Grand K" or "Big K"), a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy stored by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Saint-Cloud, France.
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Kosmos 419
Kosmos 419 (Космос 419 meaning Cosmos 419), also known as 3MS No.170 was a failed Soviet spacecraft intended to visit Mars.
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Lacustrine plain
Lacustrine Plains (or lake plains) are lakes that get filled by incoming sediment.
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Lake
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.
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Lander (spacecraft)
A lander is a spacecraft which descends toward and comes to rest on the surface of an astronomical body.
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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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Launch window
In the context of spaceflight, launch period is the collection of days and launch window is the time period on a given day during which a particular vehicle (rocket, Space Shuttle, etc.) must be launched in order to reach its intended target.
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Life on Mars
The possibility of life on Mars is a subject of significant interest to astrobiology due to its proximity and similarities to Earth.
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List of artificial objects on Mars
The following table is a partial list of artificial objects on the surface of Mars, consisting of spacecraft which were launched from Earth.
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List of missions to Mars
There are a number of derelict orbiters around Mars whose location is not known precisely; there is a proposal to search for small moons, dust rings, and old orbiters with the Optical Navigation Camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
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List of tallest mountains in the Solar System
This is a list of the tallest mountains in the Solar System.
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Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin is an American global aerospace, defense, security and advanced technologies company with worldwide interests.
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Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes.
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Lunae Palus quadrangle
The Lunae Palus quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program.
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Magnetic field
A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents and magnetized materials.
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Magnetism
Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields.
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Magnetometer
A magnetometer is an instrument that measures magnetism—either the magnetization of a magnetic material like a ferromagnet, or the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location.
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Mariner 3
Mariner 3 (together with Mariner 4 known as Mariner-Mars 1964) was one of two identical deep-space probes designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA's Mariner-Mars 1964 project that were intended to conduct close-up (flyby) scientific observations of the planet Mars and transmit information on interplanetary space and the space surrounding Mars, televised images of the Martian surface and radio occultation data of spacecraft signals as affected by the Martian atmosphere back to Earth.
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Mariner 4
Mariner 4 (together with Mariner 3 known as Mariner–Mars 1964) was the fourth in a series of spacecraft intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode.
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Mariner 6 and 7
As part of NASA's wider Mariner program, Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 (Mariner Mars 69A and Mariner Mars 69B) completed the first dual mission to Mars in 1969.
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Mariner 8
Mariner-H (Mariner Mars '71), also commonly known as Mariner 8, was (along with Mariner 9) part of the Mariner Mars '71 project.
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Mariner 9
Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was an unmanned NASA space probe that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the Mariner program.
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Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.
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Mars 1
Mars 1 Mars 1, also known as 1962 Beta Nu 1, Mars 2MV-4 and Sputnik 23, was an automatic interplanetary station launched in the direction of Mars on November 1, 1962, the first of the Soviet Mars probe program, with the intent of flying by the planet at a distance of about.
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Mars 1M
Mars 1M was a series of two unmanned spacecraft which were used in the first Soviet missions to explore Mars.
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Mars 2
The Mars 2 was an unmanned space probe of the Mars program, a series of unmanned Mars landers and orbiters launched by the Soviet Union May 19, 1971.
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Mars 2020
Mars 2020 is a Mars rover mission by NASA's Mars Exploration Program with a planned launch in 2020.
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Mars 2022 orbiter
The Mars 2022 orbiter (Next Mars Orbiter, or NeMO) is a proposed NASA Mars communications satellite with high-resolution imaging payload and two solar-electric ion thrusters.
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Mars 2M No.521
Mars 2M No.521, also known as Mars M-69 No.521 and sometimes identified by NASA as Mars 1969A, was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1969.
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Mars 2M No.522
Mars 2M No.522, also known as Mars M-69 No.522 and sometimes identified by NASA as Mars 1969B, was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1969.
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Mars 2MV-3 No.1
Mars 2MV-3 No.1 also known as Sputnik 24 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars program, and was intended to land on the surface of Mars.
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Mars 2MV-4 No.1
Mars 2MV-4 No.1 also known as Sputnik 22 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Mars, and transmit images of the planet back to Earth.
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Mars 3
Mars 3 was an unmanned space probe of the Soviet Mars program which spanned the years between 1960 and 1973.
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Mars 4
Mars 4, also known as 3MS No.52S was a Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Mars.
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Mars 5
Mars 5, also known as 3MS No.53S was a Soviet spacecraft launched to explore Mars.
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Mars 5M
Mars 5M, also known as Mars 79 (Марс-5М, or Марс-79) was a cancelled Mars sample return mission that the Soviet Union was planning in the 1970s.
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Mars 6
Mars 6, also known as 3MP No.50P was a Soviet spacecraft launched to explore Mars.
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Mars 7
Mars 7, also known as 3MP No.51P was a Soviet spacecraft launched to explore Mars.
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Mars 96
Mars 96 (sometimes called Mars 8) was a failed Mars mission launched in 1996 to investigate Mars by the Russian Space Forces and not directly related to the Soviet Mars probe program of the same name.
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Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
The Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C), also known as Mars 2018 mission was a NASA concept for a Mars rover mission, proposed to be launched in 2018 together with the European ExoMars rover.
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Mars Climate Orbiter
The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998 to study the Martian climate, Martian atmosphere, and surface changes and to act as the communications relay in the Mars Surveyor '98 program for Mars Polar Lander.
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Mars Cube One
Mars Cube One (or MarCO) is a Mars flyby mission consisting of two nanospacecraft, of the 6U CubeSat format, that was launched on 5 May 2018 alongside NASA's InSight Mars lander mission.
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Mars Design Reference Mission
The NASA Mars Design Reference Mission ("DRM") refer to a series of NASA conceptual design studies of the missions to send humans to Mars.
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Mars Direct
Mars Direct is a proposal for a human mission to Mars which purports to be both cost-effective and possible with current technology.
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Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group
The Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) is a forum created by NASA to enable the scientific community to provide input for the planning and prioritizing of the exploration of Mars over the next several decades.
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Mars Exploration Rover
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars.
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Mars Express
Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency (ESA).
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Mars Geyser Hopper
The Mars Geyser Hopper (MGH) is a NASA design reference mission for a Discovery-class spacecraft concept that would investigate the springtime carbon dioxide Martian geysers found in regions around the south pole of Mars.
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Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover
The Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter, Lander and Small Rover is a planned project by China to deploy a Mars orbiter, lander and rover on Mars.
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Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic spacecraft developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996.
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Mars Helicopter Scout
NASA's Mars Helicopter Scout (MHS) is a planned robotic helicopter expected to help scout interesting targets for study on Mars, and plan the best driving route for the Mars 2020 rover.
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Mars landing
A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars.
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Mars MetNet
Mars MetNet is a planned atmospheric science mission to Mars, initiated by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and under development by Finland, Russia and Spain.
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Mars Observer
The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992 to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, climate and magnetic field.
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Mars One
Mars One is a small private Dutch organization that proposed in 2012 to land the first humans on Mars and leave them there to establish a permanent human colony in the coming decades.
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Mars Orbiter Mission
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan ("Mars-craft", from मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"), is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014.
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Mars Orbiter Mission 2
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2), also called Mangalyaan 2 ("Mars-craft", from मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"), is India's second interplanetary mission planned for launch to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in the 2021-2022 time frame.
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Mars Pathfinder
Mars Pathfinder (MESUR Pathfinder) is an American robotic spacecraft that landed a base station with a roving probe on Mars in 1997.
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Mars Polar Lander
The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999 to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars.
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Mars program
The Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973.
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Mars race
The Mars race; or race to Mars; or race for Mars; is the competitive environment between various national space agencies, "New Space" and Aerospace manufacturers involving spaceflight to Mars; to have crewed missions reach Mars, land on Mars, or settle there.
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit.
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Mars rover
A Mars rover is an automated motor vehicle that propels itself across the surface of the planet Mars upon arrival.
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Mars sample return mission
A Mars sample return mission (MSR) would be a spaceflight mission to collect rock and dust samples from Mars and to return them to Earth.
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Mars Science Laboratory
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012.
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Mars Scout Program
The Mars Scout Program was a NASA initiative to send a series of small, low-cost robotic missions to Mars, competitively selected from innovative proposals by the scientific community.
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Mars Society
The Mars Society is an American worldwide volunteer-driven space-advocacy non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the human exploration and settlement of the planet Mars.
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Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander
The NASA Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander was a planned Mars probe which was canceled in May 2000 in the wake of the failures of the Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander missions in late 1999.
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Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
The Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) was a cancelled Mars mission that was originally intended to launch in 2009 and would have established an Interplanetary Internet between Earth and Mars.
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Mars to Stay
Mars to Stay missions propose astronauts sent to Mars for the first time should intend to stay.
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Mars-Grunt
Mars-Grunt, otherwise known as Expedition-M, is a robotic spacecraft sample return mission proposed to be sent to Mars in mid-2020s.
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Marsokhod
Marsokhod is a Russian Mars rover project that was intended for use in the Mars-96 mission.
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Martian canal
For a time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was erroneously believed that there were canals on Mars.
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Martian Moons Exploration
The Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) is a robotic space probe set for launch in 2024 to bring back the first samples from Mars' largest moon Phobos.
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Martian soil
Martian soil is the fine regolith found on the surface of Mars.
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MAVEN
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) is a space probe developed by NASA to study the Martian atmosphere while orbiting Mars.
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MELOS
MELOS (Mars Exploration of Life and Organism Search) is a Japanese rover mission concept under study for an engineering demonstration of precision landing, and to look for possible biosignatures on Mars using a rover.
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MESUR
MESUR, the Mars Environmental SURvey was a NASA program designed to explore the planet Mars in preparation for human follow-up missions of the Space Exploration Initiative.
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Meteorology
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.
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Metre per hour
Metre per hour (American spelling: meter per hour) is a metric unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (Vector (geometry)).
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Metric system
The metric system is an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement.
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Michael D. Griffin
Michael Douglas Griffin (born November 1, 1949) is an American physicist and aerospace engineer who is the current Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
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Micrometeoroid
A micrometeoroid is a tiny meteoroid; a small particle of rock in space, usually weighing less than a gram.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Molniya-1 No.2
Molniya-1 No.2, was the first Soviet communications satellite to be launched.
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N1 (rocket)
The N1 (Russian: Н1, from Ракета-носитель, Raketa-Nositel, carrier) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit, acting as the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V. It was designed with crewed extra-orbital travel in mind.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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Natural satellite
A natural satellite or moon is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet or minor planet (or sometimes another small Solar System body).
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NDTV
New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV) is an Indian television media company founded in 1988 by Radhika Roy, a journalist.
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NetLander
For late 2007 (or 2009) CNES (the French Space Agency) and ESA (the European Space Agency) had planned to send to Mars a remote sensing orbiter and four small Netlanders.
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Neutron
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North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.
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Northern Light (spacecraft)
Northern Light was a concept mission for a robotic mission to Mars that would consist of a lander and a rover, being studied by a consortium of Canadian universities, companies and organisations.
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Nozomi (spacecraft)
Nozomi (のぞみ) (Japanese for "Wish" or "Hope," and known before launch as Planet-B) was a planned and launched Mars-orbiting aeronomy probe.
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Observations and explorations of Venus
Observations of the planet Venus include those in antiquity, telescopic observations, and from visiting spacecraft.
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Occultation
An occultation is an event that occurs when one object is hidden by another object that passes between it and the observer.
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Olympus Mons
Olympus Mons (Latin for Mount Olympus) is a very large shield volcano on the planet Mars.
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Opportunity (rover)
Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, is a robotic rover active on Mars since 2004.
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Orbital period
The orbital period is the time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object, and applies in astronomy usually to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets, exoplanets orbiting other stars, or binary stars.
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Orion (spacecraft)
The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (Orion MPCV) is an American interplanetary spacecraft intended to carry a crew of four astronauts to destinations at or beyond low Earth orbit (LEO).
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Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.
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Oxia Palus quadrangle
The Oxia Palus quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program.
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Phobos (moon)
Phobos (systematic designation) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos.
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Phobos 1
Phobos 1 was an unmanned Russian space probe of the Phobos Program launched from the Baikonour launch facility on 7 July 1988.
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Phobos 2
Phobos 2 was the last space probe designed by the Soviet Union.
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Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment
Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment (PADME) is a low-cost NASA Mars orbiter mission concept that would address longstanding unknowns about Mars' two moons Phobos and Deimos and their environment.
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Phobos program
The Phobos (Фобос, Fobos, Φόβος) program was an unmanned space mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos.
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Phoenix (spacecraft)
Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program.
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Phootprint
Phootprint is a proposed sample-return mission to the Mars moon Phobos by the European Space Agency (ESA), proposed to be launched in 2024.
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Plain
In geography, a plain is a flat, sweeping landmass that generally does not change much in elevation.
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Planetary Fourier Spectrometer
The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) is an infrared spectrometer built by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (Italian National Institute for Astrophysics) along with the Istituto di Fisica dello spazio Interplanetario and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italian National Research Council).
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Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to have habitable environments hospitable to life, or its ability to generate life endogenously.
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Polar orbit
A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Moon or Sun) on each revolution.
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Reconnaissance
In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and other activities in the area.
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Regolith
Regolith is a layer of loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock.
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Remote sensing
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site observation.
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River
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
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Robert Zubrin
Robert Zubrin (born April 9, 1952) is an American aerospace engineer and author, best known for his advocacy of the manned exploration of Mars.
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Robotic spacecraft
A robotic spacecraft is an uncrewed spacecraft, usually under telerobotic control.
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Roscosmos
The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»), commonly known as Roscosmos (Роскосмос), is a state corporation responsible for the space flight and cosmonautics program for the Russian Federation.
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Rosetta (spacecraft)
Rosetta was a space probe built by the European Space Agency launched on 2 March 2004.
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Rover (space exploration)
A rover (or sometimes planetary rover) is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a planet or other celestial body.
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Sample-return mission
A sample-return mission is a spacecraft mission with the goal of collecting and returning with tangible samples from an extraterrestrial location to Earth for analysis.
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Saturn V
The Saturn V (pronounced "Saturn five") was an American human-rated expendable rocket used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.
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Schiaparelli EDM lander
Schiaparelli EDM lander was the Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) of the ExoMars programme—a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian space agency Roscosmos.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.
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Seismology
Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.
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SHARAD
SHARAD (Mars SHAllow RADar sounder) is a subsurface sounding radar embarked on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter probe.
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Sky-Sailor
The Sky-Sailor is a plane that contains solar cells on its wings, developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
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Soft landing (rocketry)
A soft landing is any type of aircraft, rocket or spacecraft-lander landing that does not result in damage to/the destruction of the vehicle or anything on board.
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Sojourner (rover)
Sojourner is the Mars Pathfinder robotic Mars rover that landed on in the Ares Vallis region, and explored Mars for around three months.
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Solar panel
Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity.
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Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
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Soviet space program
The Soviet space program (Russian: Космическая программа СССР, Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR) comprised several of the rocket and space exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union (USSR) from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Space colonization
Space colonization (also called space settlement, or extraterrestrial colonization) is permanent human habitation off the planet Earth.
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Space exploration
Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of evolving and growing space technology.
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Space weather
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy concerned with the time varying conditions within the Solar System, including the solar wind, emphasizing the space surrounding the Earth, including conditions in the magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
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Space.com
Space.com is a space and astronomy news website.
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SpaceX Red Dragon
Red Dragon was a 2011–2017 concept for using an uncrewed SpaceX Dragon 2 capsule for low-cost Mars lander missions to be launched using Falcon Heavy rockets.
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Spectrometer
A spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon.
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Spirit (rover)
Spirit, also known as MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover – A) or MER-2, is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010.
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Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized.
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The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles in electronic format as well as a weekly print edition.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timeline of Solar System exploration
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordered by date of spacecraft launch.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Total organic carbon
Total organic carbon (TOC) is the amount of carbon found in an organic compound and is often used as a non-specific indicator of water quality or cleanliness of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
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United States customary units
United States customary units are a system of measurements commonly used in the United States.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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Van Allen radiation belt
A Van Allen radiation belt is a zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind, that are captured by and held around a planet by that planet's magnetic field.
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Vesta (spacecraft)
Vesta was a planned multiple-asteroid-flyby mission that the Soviet Union was assessed in the 1980s.
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Viking 1
Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft (along with Viking 2) sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program.
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Viking 2
The Viking 2 mission was part of the American Viking program to Mars, and consisted of an orbiter and a lander essentially identical to that of the Viking 1 mission.
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Viking lander biological experiments
The two Viking landers each carried four types of biological experiments to the surface of Mars in 1976.
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Viking program
The Viking program consisted of a pair of American space probes sent to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2.
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Vision for Space Exploration
The Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) was a plan for space exploration announced on January 14, 2004 by President George W. Bush.
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Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
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Voyager program (Mars)
The Voyager Mars Program was a planned series of unmanned NASA probes to the planet Mars.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Yinghuo-1
Yinghuo-1 was a Chinese Mars-exploration space probe, intended to be the first Chinese spacecraft to orbit Mars.
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Yomiuri Shimbun
The is a Japanese newspaper published in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and other major Japanese cities.
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Yutu (rover)
Yutu is an unmanned lunar rover that formed part of the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission to the Moon.
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Zond 2
Zond 2 was a Soviet space probe, a member of the Zond program, and was the fifth Soviet spacecraft to attempt a flyby of Mars.
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Zond program
Zond (Зонд; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970.
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2001 Mars Odyssey
2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars.
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20th century
The 20th century was a century that began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000.
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4 Vesta
Vesta, minor-planet designation 4 Vesta, is one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of.
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67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (abbreviated as 67P or 67P/C-G) is a Jupiter-family comet, originally from the Kuiper belt, with a current orbital period of 6.45 years, a rotation period of approximately 12.4 hours and a maximum velocity of.
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Redirects here:
Cancelled Mars missions, Exploration of mars, Great Galactic Ghoul, Mars Curse, Mars Lander program, Mars exploration, Mars launch window, Martian exploration, The Great Galactic Ghoul.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars
