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155 relations: Abiogenesis, Acid, Acidophile, Adaptive capacity, Alkalinity, Alkaliphile, Anaerobic organism, Antarctica, Arsenic, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus niger, Asphalt, Astrobiology, Astronomy, Atacama Desert, Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacteria, Bar (unit), Biology, Biosphere, Boron, Cadmium, Caister Academic Press, Carbon, Carbon dioxide, Catalase, Chemistry, Chroococcidiopsis, Cleanroom, Clostridium paradoxum, Copper, Cosmic ray, Cupriavidus metallidurans, Curiosity (rover), Cysteine, Deinococcus radiodurans, Desiccation, Disulfide, DNA, Dunaliella salina, Earliest known life forms, Ecology, Endolith, Endospore, Escherichia coli, European Geosciences Union, Evolution, Extraterrestrial life, Extreme environment, ..., Extremophile, Extremotroph, Facultative anaerobic organism, Ferroplasma, Forbes, Geography, Geology, German Aerospace Center, GFAJ-1, Glycine, Gravity of Earth, Gray (unit), Halobacteriaceae, Halomonadaceae, Halophile, Hydrothermal vent, Hypergravity, Hyperthermophile, Hypolith, Idaho National Laboratory, International Space Station, Interplanetary spaceflight, Ionizing radiation, Japan, Joule, Lichen, Life, List of microorganisms tested in outer space, Lithoautotroph, Lithotroph, Live Science, Mariana Trench, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Mesophile, Metallotolerant, Methanocaldococcus, Microorganism, Molar concentration, Molecular biology, NASA, Natronobacterium, Nature (journal), Nature Geoscience, Neutrophile, Nitrosomonas europaea, Obligate anaerobe, Oceanic trench, Oligotroph, Organism, Osmophile, Oxygen, Panspermia, Paracoccus denitrificans, Patrick Forterre, PH, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Physics, Piezophile, Pitch Lake, Planetary science, PLOS One, Pressure, Proline, Psychrobacter, Psychrophile, Pyrococcus, Pyrococcus furiosus, Pyrolobus fumarii, Radioactive decay, Radioresistance, Redox, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rubrobacter, Salinity, Simulation, Soda lake, Sodium chloride, Solar physics, Space environment, Spaceflight, Spinoloricus cinziae, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Supernova, Synechococcus, Taq polymerase, Tardigrade, Tersicoccus phoenicis, The New York Times, Thermoacidophile, Thermococcus, Thermococcus gammatolerans, Thermophile, Transformation (genetics), Ultracentrifuge, Ultraviolet, Universe, Vibrio, Virulence, Water activity, X-ray, Xerophile, Yellowstone National Park, Zinc. Expand index (105 more) »
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis, or informally the origin of life,Compare: Also occasionally called biopoiesis.
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Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).
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Acidophile
Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below).
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Adaptive capacity
Adaptive capacity is the capacity of a system to adapt if the environment where the system exists is changing.
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Alkalinity
Alkalinity is the capacity of water to resist changes in pH that would make the water more acidic.
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Alkaliphile
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10.
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Anaerobic organism
An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.
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Arthrobacter
Arthrobacter (from the Greek, "jointed small stick”) is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil.
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Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus niger is a fungus and one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus.
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Asphalt
Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.
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Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
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Astronomy
Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
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Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert (Desierto de Atacama) is a plateau in South America (primarily in Chile), covering a 1000-km (600-mi) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains.
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Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.
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Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and humans.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bar (unit)
The bar is a metric unit of pressure, but is not approved as part of the International System of Units (SI).
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Biosphere
The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
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Boron
Boron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5.
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Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.
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Caister Academic Press
Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology, and molecular biology.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals).
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Chroococcidiopsis
Chroococcidiopsis is one of the most primitive cyanobacteria known.
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Cleanroom
A cleanroom or clean room is a situation, ordinarily utilized as a part of assembling, including of pharmaceutical items or logical research, and in addition aviation semiconductor building applications with a low level of natural toxins, for example, tiny, airborne organisms, vaporized particles, and concoction vapors.
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Clostridium paradoxum
Clostridium paradoxum is a moderately thermophilic anaerobic alkaliphile bacteria.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays are high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System and even from distant galaxies.
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Cupriavidus metallidurans
Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 (renamed from Ralstonia metallidurans and previously known as Ralstonia eutropha and Alcaligenes eutrophus) is a nonspore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium which is adapted to survive several forms of heavy metal stress.
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Curiosity (rover)
Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL).
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Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.
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Deinococcus radiodurans
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic bacterium, one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known.
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Desiccation
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
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Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Dunaliella salina
Dunaliella salina is a type of halophile green micro-algae especially found in sea salt fields.
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Earliest known life forms
The earliest known life forms on Earth are putative fossilized microorganisms found in hydrothermal vent precipitates.
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Ecology
Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.
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Endolith
An endolith is an organism (archaeon, bacterium, fungus, lichen, algae or amoeba) that lives inside rock, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock.
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Endospore
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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European Geosciences Union
The European Geosciences Union (EGU) is a non-profit international union in the fields of Earth, planetary, and space sciences.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Extraterrestrial life
Extraterrestrial life,Where "extraterrestrial" is derived from the Latin extra ("beyond", "not of") and terrestris ("of Earth", "belonging to Earth").
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Extreme environment
An 'extreme environment' contains conditions that are hard to survive for most known life forms.
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Extremophile
An extremophile (from Latin extremus meaning "extreme" and Greek philiā (φιλία) meaning "love") is an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.
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Extremotroph
An extremotroph (from Latin extremus meaning "extreme" and Greek troph (τροφ) meaning "food") is an organism that feeds on matter that is not typically considered to be food to most life on Earth.
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Facultative anaerobic organism
The title of this article should be "Facultative Aerobic Organism," as "facultative anaerobe" is a misnomer.
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Ferroplasma
In taxonomy, Ferroplasma is a genus of the Ferroplasmaceae.
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Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine.
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Geography
Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth.
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Geology
Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
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German Aerospace Center
The German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.), abbreviated DLR, is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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GFAJ-1
GFAJ-1 is a strain of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Halomonadaceae.
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Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.
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Gravity of Earth
The gravity of Earth, which is denoted by, refers to the acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the distribution of mass within Earth.
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Gray (unit)
The gray (symbol: Gy) is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI).
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Halobacteriaceae
In taxonomy, the Halobacteriaceae are a family of the Halobacteriales in the domain Archaea.
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Halomonadaceae
The Halomonadaceae are a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.
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Halophile
Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations.
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Hydrothermal vent
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues.
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Hypergravity
Hypergravity is defined as the condition where the force of gravity exceeds that on the surface of the Earth.
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Hyperthermophile
A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments—from 60 °C (140 °F) upwards.
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Hypolith
In Arctic and Antarctic ecology, a hypolith is a photosynthetic organism, and an extremophile, that lives underneath rocks in climatically extreme deserts such as Cornwallis Island and Devon Island in the Canadian high Arctic.
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Idaho National Laboratory
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is one of the national laboratories of the United States Department of Energy and is managed by the Battelle Energy Alliance.
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International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit.
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Interplanetary spaceflight
Interplanetary spaceflight or interplanetary travel is travel between planets, usually within a single planetary system.
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Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Joule
The joule (symbol: J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units.
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Lichen
A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi in a symbiotic relationship.
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Life
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that do have biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.
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List of microorganisms tested in outer space
The survival of some microorganisms exposed to outer space has been studied using both simulated facilities and low Earth orbit exposures.
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Lithoautotroph
A lithoautotroph (or chemolithoautotroph) is a microbe which derives energy from reduced compounds of mineral origin.
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Lithotroph
Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
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Live Science
Live Science is a science news website run by Purch, which it purchased from Imaginova in 2009.
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Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans.
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McMurdo Dry Valleys
The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a row of snow-free valleys in Antarctica located within Victoria Land west of McMurdo Sound.
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Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, typically between.
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Metallotolerant
Metallotolerants are extremophiles that are able to survive in environments with a high concentration of dissolved heavy metals in solution.
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Methanocaldococcus
In taxonomy, Methanocaldococcus is a genus of the Methanocaldococcaceae.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
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Molecular biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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Natronobacterium
In taxonomy, Natronobacterium is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nature Geoscience
Nature Geoscience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group.
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Neutrophile
A neutrophile is a neutrophilic organism that thrives in a neutral pH environment between 6.5 and 7.5.
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Nitrosomonas europaea
Nitrosomonas europaea is a Gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and lives in several places such as soil, sewage, freshwater, the walls of buildings and on the surface of monuments especially in polluted areas where the air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.
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Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2).
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Oceanic trench
Oceanic trenches are topographic depressions of the sea floor, relatively narrow in width, but very long.
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Oligotroph
An oligotroph is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Osmophile
Osmophilic organisms are microorganisms adapted to environments with high osmotic pressures, such as high sugar concentrations.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Panspermia
Panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms.
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Paracoccus denitrificans
Paracoccus denitrificans, is a coccoid bacterium known for its nitrate reducing properties, its ability to replicate under conditions of hypergravity and for being a relative of the eukaryotic mitochondrion (endosymbiotic theory).
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Patrick Forterre
Professor Patrick Forterre, born 21 August 1949 in Paris, is a French writer and researcher in biology.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Piezophile
A piezophile, also sometimes called a barophile, is an organism which thrives at high pressures, such as deep sea bacteria or archaea.
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Pitch Lake
The Pitch Lake is one of the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world, estimated to contain 10 million tons.
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Planetary science
Planetary science or, more rarely, planetology, is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), moons, and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes that form them.
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PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
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Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
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Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Psychrobacter
Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria.
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Psychrophile
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C to +10 °C.
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Pyrococcus
Pyrococcus is a genus of Thermococcaceaen archaean.
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Pyrococcus furiosus
Pyrococcus furiosus is an extremophilic species of Archaea.
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Pyrolobus fumarii
Pyrolobus fumarii is a species of archaea known for its ability to live at extremely high temperatures that kill most organisms.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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Radioresistance
Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI, is a private research university and space-grant institution located in Troy, New York, with two additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut.
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Rubrobacter
Rubrobacter is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own subclass (Rubrobacteridae).
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Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water (see also soil salinity).
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Simulation
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.
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Soda lake
A soda lake or alkaline lake is a lake on the strongly alkaline side of neutrality, typically with a pH value between 9 and 12.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Solar physics
Solar physics is the branch of astrophysics that specializes in the study of the Sun.
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Space environment
Space environment is a branch of astronautics, aerospace engineering and space physics that seeks to understand and address conditions existing in space that affect the design and operation of spacecraft.
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Spaceflight
Spaceflight (also written space flight) is ballistic flight into or through outer space.
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Spinoloricus cinziae
Spinoloricus cinziae is an animal species described in 2014 in the phylum Loricifera.
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Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that belongs to the kingdom Crenarchaeota.
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Sulfolobus solfataricus
Sulfolobus solfataricus is a species of thermophilic archaeon.
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Supernova
A supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is a transient astronomical event that occurs during the last stellar evolutionary stages of a star's life, either a massive star or a white dwarf, whose destruction is marked by one final, titanic explosion.
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Synechococcus
Synechococcus (from the Greek synechos, in succession, and the Greek kokkos, granule) is a unicellular cyanobacterium that is very widespread in the marine environment.
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Taq polymerase
Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Chien et al.
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Tardigrade
Tardigrades (also known colloquially as water bears, or moss piglets) are water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals.
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Tersicoccus phoenicis
Tersicoccus phoenicis is a member of the bacterial family Micrococcaceae.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Thermoacidophile
A thermoacidophile is an extremophilic microorganism that is both thermophilic and acidophilic; i.e., it can grow under conditions of high temperature and low pH.
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Thermococcus
In taxonomy, Thermococcus is a genus of extreme thermophiles in the family the Thermococcaceae.
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Thermococcus gammatolerans
Thermococcus gammatolerans is an archaea extremophile and the most radiation-resistant organism known to exist.
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Thermophile
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.
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Transformation (genetics)
In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).
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Ultracentrifuge
The ultracentrifuge is a centrifuge optimized for spinning a rotor at very high speeds, capable of generating acceleration as high as (approx.). There are two kinds of ultracentrifuges, the preparative and the analytical ultracentrifuge.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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Universe
The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.
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Vibrio
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod shape (comma shape), several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood.
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Virulence
Virulence is a pathogen's or microbe's ability to infect or damage a host.
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Water activity
Water activity or aw is the partial vapor pressure of water in a substance divided by the standard state partial vapor pressure of water.
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X-ray
X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.
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Xerophile
A xerophile is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity.
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Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Extreme microbe, Extreme microbes, Extremeophile, Extremophiles, Extremophilia, Extremophilic, Extremophilic bacteria, Extremophilic prokaryotes, Extremphile, Life in extreme conditions, Polyextremophile, Toxophile.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile
